Activities of Angel DZHAMBAZKI related to 2021/0218(COD)
Legal basis opinions (0)
Amendments (36)
Amendment 56 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) There is a growing recognition of the need for alignment of bioenergy policies with the cascading principle of biomass use11 , with a view to ensuring fair access to the biomass raw material market for the development of innovative, high value-added bio-based solutions and a sustainable circular bioeconomy. When developing support schemes for bioenergy, Member States should therefore take into consideration the available sustainable supply of biomass for energy and non- energy uses and the maintenance of the national forest carbon sinks and ecosystems as well as the principles of the circular economy and the biomass cascading use, and the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/ECof the European Parliament and of the Council12 . For this, they should grant no support to the production of energy from saw logs, veener logs, stumps and roots and avoid promoting the use of quality roundwood for energy except in well-defined circumstances. In line with the cascading principle, woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products, 2) extending their service life, 3) re-use, 4) recycling, 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. Where no other use for woody biomass is economically viable or environmentally appropriate, energy recovery helps to reduce energy generation from non- renewable sources. Member States’ support schemes for bioenergy should therefore be directed to such feedstocks for which little market competition exists with the material sectors, and whose sourcing is considered positive for both climate and biodiversity, in order to avoid negative incentives for unsustainable bioenergy pathways, as identified in the JRC report ‘The use of woody biomass for energy production in the EU’13 . On the other hand, in defining the further implications of the cascading principle, it is necessary to recognise the national specificities which guide Member States in the design of their support schemesWaste prevention, reuse and recycling of waste should be the priority option. Member States should avoid creating support schemes which would be counter to targets on treatment of waste and which would lead to the inefficient use of recyclable waste. Moreover, in order to ensure a more efficient use of bioenergy, from 2026 on Member States should not give support anymore to electricity-only plants , unless the installations are in regions with a specific use status as regards their transition away from fossil fuels or if the installations use carbon capture and storage. _________________ 11 The cascading principle aims to achieve resource efficiency of biomass use through prioritising biomass material use to energy use wherever possible, increasing thus the amount of biomass available within the system. In line with the cascading principle, woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products, 2) extending their service life, 3) re-use, 4) recycling, 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. 12 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3). 13 https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reposit ory/handle/JRC122719
Amendment 61 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1
Recital 1
(1) The European Green Deal5 establishes the objective of the Union becoming climate neutral in 2050 in a manner that contributes to the European economy, growth and job creation. That objective, and the objective of a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as set out in the 2030 Climate Target Plan6 that was endorsed both by the European Parliament7 and by the European Council8 , requires an energy transition and significantly higher shares of renewable energy sources in an integrated energy system. This transition impacts Member States, regions, economic sectors and citizens differently and depending on their particular situation. It is therefore essential to ensure that the Green Deal is implemented in a way that promotes economic, social and territorial cohesion in the EU and that the transition is just and inclusive. In particular, it must be ensured that disruptions are avoided in critical sectors that meet basic needs of the economy and society, such as mobility. __________________ 5 Communication from the Commission COM(2019) 640 final of 11.12.2019, The European Green Deal. 6 Communication from the Commission COM(2020) 562 final of 17.9.2020, Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people 7 European Parliament resolution of 15 January 2020 on the European Green Deal (2019/2956(RSP)) 8 European Council conclusions of 11 December 2020, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/47 296/1011-12-20-euco-conclusions-en.pdf
Amendment 62 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) The rapid growth and increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable electricity production canould be used to satisfy a growing share of energy demand, for instance using heat pumps for space heating or low-temperature industrial processes, electric vehicles for transport, or electric furnaces in certain industries. Renewable electricity can also be used to produce synthetic fuels for consumption in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors such as aviation and maritime transport. A framework for electrification needs to enable robust and efficient coordination and expand market mechanisms to match both supply and demand in space and time, stimulate investments in flexibility, and help integrate large shares of variable renewable generation. Member States should therefore ensure that the deployment of renewable electricity continues to increase at an adequate pace to meet growing demand. For this, Member States should establish a framework that includes market- compatible mechanisms to tackle remaining barriers to have secure and adequate electricity systems fit for a high level of renewable energy, as well as storage facilities, fully integrated into the electricity system. In particular, this framework shall tackle remaining barriers, including non-financial ones such as insufficient digital and human resources of authorities to process a growing number of permitting applications.
Amendment 67 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) Renewable energy plays a fundamental role in delivering the European Green Deal and for achieving climate neutrality by 2050, given that the energy sector contributes over 75% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the Union. By reducing those greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy also contributes to tackling environmental-related challenges such as biodiversity loss.
Amendment 70 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council9 sets a binding Union target to reach a share of at least 32 % of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2030. Under the Climate Target Plan, the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption would need to increase to 40% by 2030 in order to achieve the Union’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction target10 . Therefore, the target set out in Article 3 of that Directive needs to be increased. __________________ 9 Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82–209 10 Point 3 of the Communication from the Commission COM(2020) 562 final of 17.9.2020, Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition Investing in a climate- neutral future for the benefit of our people
Amendment 72 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) The Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 GW of offshore wind and 40 GW of ocean energy across all the Union’s sea basins by 2050. To ensure this step change, Member States will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. Member States should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050, with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. These objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999. In defining the amount, Member States should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin, environmental protection, climate adaptation and other uses of the sea, as well as the Union’s decarbonisation targets. In addition, Member States should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several Member States, in the form of hybrid projects or, at a later stage, a more meshed grid. This would allow electricity to flow in different directions, thus maximising socio- economic welfare, optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the seaIn defining the amount, Member States should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin, environmental protection, climate adaptation and other uses of the sea, as well as the Union’s decarbonisation targets.
Amendment 74 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5a) The European Commission proposed under the EU's taxonomy framework (Regulation (EU)2020/852) draft rules for classifying natural gas and nuclear power as green in the context of climate change-related objectives. Such classification would vastly help the transport sector, among others, to reduce its carbon foot print and reach the goals of the Green deal and the Fit for 55 package.
Amendment 75 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5 b (new)
Recital 5 b (new)
(5b) The EU taxonomy framework (Regulation (EU) 2020/852) provides companies, investors and policy makers with appropriate definitions for which economic activities can be considered environmentally sustainable. In this way, it can create security for investors, protect private investors from greenwashing, help companies to become more climate- friendly, mitigate market fragmentation and help shift investments where they are most needed.
Amendment 77 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) Member States’ cooperation to promote renewable energy can take the form of statistical transfers, support schemes or joint projects. It allows for a cost-efficient deployment of renewable energy across Europe and contributes to market integration. Despite its potential, cooperation has been very limited, thus leading to suboptimal results in terms of efficiency in increasing renewable energy. Member States should therefore be obliencouraged to test cooperation through implementing a pilot project. Projects financed by national contributions under the Union renewable energy financing mechanism established by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/129414 would meet this obligationneed for the Member States involved. __________________ 14 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1294 of 15 September 2020 on the Union renewable energy financing mechanism (OJ L 303, 17.9.2020, p. 1).
Amendment 80 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) Energy and transport poverty have already been a pressing problem in many Member States. Therefore, a permanent character of the Social Climate Fund proposed by the Commission (COM (2021)568) should be ensured. In view of the current energy price crisis, as well as in view of the potential impact of additional cost for citizens and households arising from the revised European Emission Trading System and the Effort Sharing Regulation with stricter rules as to the amount of emission allowances, energy poverty may only aggravate in the future.
Amendment 81 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) Buildings have a large untapped potential to contribute effectively to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the Union. The decarbonisation of heating and cooling in this sector through an increased share in production and use of renewable energy will be needed to meet the ambition set in the Climate Target Plan to achieve the Union objective of climate neutrality. However, progress on the use of renewables for heating and cooling has been stagnant in the last decade, largely relying on increased use of biomass. Without the establishment of targets to increase the production and use of renewable energy in buildings, there will be no ability to track progress and identify bottlenecks in the uptake of renewables. Furthermore, the creation of targets will provide a long-term signal to investors, including for the period immediately after 2030. This will complement obligations related to energy efficiency and the energy performance of buildings. Therefore, indicative targets for the use of renewable energy in buildings should be set to guide and incentivise Member States’ efforts to exploit the potential of using and producing renewable energy in buildings, encourage the development of and integration of technologies which produce renewable energy while providing certainty for investors and local level engagement, while taking into consideration the different age, architecture and conditions of the building stock of each Member State.
Amendment 82 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
Amendment 87 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 18
Recital 18
Amendment 90 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) Infrastructure development for district heating and cooling networks should be stepped up and steered towards harnessing a wider range of renewable heat and cold sources in an efficient and flexible way in order to increase the deployment of renewable energy and deepen energy system integration, without having any negative impact on the energy prices or having any costs born by the final consumer. It is therefore appropriate to update the list of renewable energy sources that district heating and cooling networks should increasingly accommodate and require the integration of thermal energy storage as a source of flexibility, greater energy efficiency and more cost-effective operation.
Amendment 91 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 22
Recital 22
(22) Renewable fuels of non-biological origin can be used for energy purposes, but also for non-energy purposes as feedstock or raw material in industries such as steel or chemicals. The use of renewable fuels of non-biological origin for both purposes exploits their full potential to replace fossil fuels used as feedstock and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in industry and should therefore be included in a target for the use of renewable fuels of non- biological origin. National measures to support the uptake of renewable fuels of non-biological origin in industry should not result in net pollution increases due to an increased demand for electricity generation that is satisfied by the most polluting fossil fuels, such as coal, diesel, lignite, oil peat and oil shale.
Amendment 94 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) In order for flexibility and balancing services from the aggregation of distributed storage assets to be developed in a competitive manner, real-time access to basic battery information such as state of health, state of charge, capacity and power set point, together with quantity of CO2 emitted in the process of the battery production and the length of its degradation period with the exact location of its disposal should be provided under non- discriminatory terms and free of charge to the owners or users of the batteries and the entities acting on their behalf, such as building energy system managers, mobility service providers and other electricity market participants. It is therefore appropriate to introduce measures addressing the need of access to such data for facilitating the integration-related operations of domestic batteries and electric vehicles, complementing the provisions on access to battery data related to facilitating the repurposing of batteries in [the proposed Commission regulation concerning batteries and waste batteries, repealing Directive 2006/66/EC and amending Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020]. The provisions on access to battery data of electric vehicles should apply in addition to any laid down in Union law on type approval of vehicles.
Amendment 98 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 29
Recital 29
(29) The use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the Union transport sector in a cost-effective manner, and improve, amongst other, energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation, growth and jobs in the Union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. Any and all environmental ambitions and CO2 reductions must guarantee that transport policy is future-proof and promotes resilience, efficiency and competitiveness in the sector. With a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the Union, the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the Union should be increased. Expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost- effective and performing fuels, in terms of greenhouse gas savings, in transport. In addition, a greenhouse gas intensity r subject to available technology. Given the critical role of the transport sector (road, rail and air transport) for the functioning of our societies, the sector is expected to play a significant role in achieving the climate targets established by the European Climate Law. Reduction targets would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. Complementary to this, increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. The achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [Regulation (EU) 2021/XXX on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - FuelEU Maritime and Regulation (EU) 2021/XXX on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. Dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [Regulation (EU) 2021/XXX on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport].
Amendment 99 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 29 a (new)
Recital 29 a (new)
(29a) The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the strategic importance of the transport sector. The implementation of green lanes, which provided secure supply chains for health care and emergency services, essential food supply and pharmaceutical products was a good practice, which in the future should take precedence over emissions reduction in times of crisis.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30
Recital 30
(30) Electromobility will play an essential role in decarbonising the transport sector. To foster the further development of electromobility, Member States should establish a credit mechanism enabling operators of charging points accessible to the public to contribute, by supplying renewable electricity, towards the fulfilment of the obligation set up by Member States on fuel suppliers. While supporting electricity in transport through such a mechanism, it is important that Member States continue setting a high level of ambition for the decarbonisation of their liquid fuel mix in transport. Nuclear power has unlocked potential to help the Union reach net zero emissions by 2050, in particular in the context of supplying sustainable electricity to operators of charging points for electrical vehicles. Considering possible bans on the production of vehicles with internal combustion engines post 2030, as zero- emission vehicles heavily rely on electrical power for charging and only safe and reliable nuclear power would be able to meet the needs of zero-emission vehicles.
Amendment 106 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 a (new)
Recital 30 a (new)
(30a) Hydrogen can be used as feedstock or a source of energy in industrial and chemical processes and in air and maritime transport, decarbonising sectors in which direct electrification is not technologically possible or competitive, as well as for energy storage to balance, where necessary, the energy system, thereby playing a significant role in energy system integration;
Amendment 107 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 b (new)
Recital 30 b (new)
(30b) Both low-carbon and renewable hydrogen should develop in the European energy market, taking into account that these have different infrastructure and investment needs and prioritizing the need for investment to scale up renewable production fast enough to reach the EU’s climate targets and environmental goals for 2030 and 2050, by exploiting low- carbon hydrogen as a bridging technology in the short term. The Commission should therefore assess how much low-carbon hydrogen will be needed for decarbonisation purposes until renewable hydrogen can play this role alone, in which cases, and for how long. In addition, the Commission and the Member States should reduce regulatory and economic hurdles in order to foster a quick market uptake of renewable hydrogen.
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 c (new)
Recital 30 c (new)
(30c) The Union regulatory framework and initiatives aimed at achieving the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets should support the industry to shift towards a more sustainable European energy system, especially when establishing new targets and production thresholds.
Amendment 121 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35
Recital 35
(35) To ensure higher environmental effectiveness of the Union sustainability and greenhouse emissions saving criteria for solid biomass fuels in installations producing heating, electricity and cooling, the minimum threshold for the applicability of such criteria should be lowered from the current 20 MW to 510 MW.
Amendment 128 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 37
Recital 37
(37) In order to reduce the administrative burden for producers of renewable fuels and recycled carbon fuels and for Member States, where voluntary or national schemes have been recognised by the Commission through an implementing act as giving evidence or providing accurate data regarding the compliance with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria as well as other requirements set in this Directive, Member States should accept the results of the certification issued by such schemes within the scope of the Commission’s recognition. In order to reduce the burden on small installations, Member States should establish a simplified verification mechanism for installations of between 5 and 120MW.
Amendment 131 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 38 a (new)
Recital 38 a (new)
(38a) Member States’ reduction efforts should continue to be based on the principle of solidarity between Member States and the need for sustainable economic growth across the Union, taking into account the relative per capita GDP of Member States. The annual emission allocations for Member States should accordingly be set in line with the principles of fairness and cost- effectiveness, considering inter alia economic capacity and relative emission reduction potential and cost.
Amendment 132 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
Recital 39
(39) The Governance Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 makes several references in a number of places to the Union-level binding target of at least 32 % for the share of renewable energy consumed in the Union in 2030. As that target needs to be increased in order to contribute effectively to the ambition to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 55 % by 2030, those references should be amended. Any additional planning and reporting requirements set will not create a new planning and reporting system, but should be subject to the existing planning and reporting framework under Regulation (EU) 2018/1999.
Amendment 165 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
1. Member States shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the Union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 4032%.;
Amendment 210 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point c
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 7 – paragraph 4 – point a
Article 7 – paragraph 4 – point a
Amendment 211 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 – point a
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 9 – paragraph 1a
Article 9 – paragraph 1a
Amendment 212 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 – point a
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 9 – paragraph 1a
Article 9 – paragraph 1a
Amendment 216 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 15a
Article 15a
Amendment 227 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 20 – paragraph 3
Article 20 – paragraph 3
3. Subject to their assessment included in the integrated national energy and climate plans in accordance with Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the necessity to build new infrastructure for district heating and cooling from renewable sources in order to achieve the Union target set in Article 3(1) of this Directive, Member States shall, where relevant, take the necessary steps funded partially or completely by the European Union funds, with a view to developing efficient district heating and cooling infrastructure to promote heating and cooling from renewable energy sources, including solar energy, ambient energy, geothermal energy, biomass, biogas, bioliquids and waste heat and cold, in combination with thermal energy storage.;
Amendment 237 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 22a – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 22a – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. Member States shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable sources in the amount of energy sources used for final energy and non-energy purposes in the industry sector by an indicative average minimum annual increase of 1.1 percentage points by 2030.
Amendment 241 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Amendment 243 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 22 a – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 3 – introductory part
Article 22 a – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 3 – introductory part
Member States shall ensure that the contribution of renewable fuels of non- biological origin used for final energy and non-energy purposes shall be up to 50 % of the hydrogen used for final energy and non- energy purposes in industry by 2030. For the calculation of that percentage, the following rules shall apply:
Amendment 312 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18 – point a – point ii
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18 – point a – point ii
Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4 – point a
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4 – point a
— (a) in the case of solid biomass fuels, in installations producing electricity, heating and cooling with a total rated thermal input equal to or exceeding 510 MW,