27 Amendments of Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI related to 2021/0205(COD)
Amendment 61 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) In particular, it is essential to ensure a level playing field across the Union air transport market regarding aviation fuel, which account for a substantial share of aircraft operators’ costs. Variations in fuel prices can affect significantly aircraft operators’ economic performance and negatively impact competition on the market. The majority of fuel tankering is for operational and safety reasons. Where differences in aviation fuel prices exist between Union airports or between Union and non-Union airports, this can lead aircraft operators to adapt their refuelling strategies for economic reasons. Fuel tankering increases aircraft’s fuel consumption and results in unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions. Fuel tankering for economic reasons by aircraft operators accordingly undermines of the Union’s efforts towards environmental protection. Some aircraft operators are able to use favourable aviation fuel prices at their home base as a competitive advantage towards other airlines operating similar routes. This can have detrimental effects on the competitiveness of the sector and be harmful to air connectivity. TWhile fuel tankering for economic reasons could be justified to avoid exposure to monopolistic or excessive fuel prices at some airports, this Regulation should set up measures to prevent suchunjustifiable practices in order to avoid unnecessary environmental damage as well as to restore and preserve the conditions for fair competition on the air transport market.
Amendment 77 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) Sustainable aviation fuels are liquid, drop-in fuels, fully fungible with conventional aviation fuel and compatible with existing aircraft engines, as well as hydrogen (from renewable electricity or from waste or from biomethane) and electricity. Several production pathways of sustainable aviation fuels have been certified at global level for use in civil or military aviation. Sustainable aviation fuels are technologically ready to play an important role in reducing emissions from air transport already in the very short term. They are expected to account for a major part of the aviation fuel mix in the medium and long term. Further, with the support of appropriate international fuel standards, sustainable aviation fuels might contribute to lowering the aromatic content of the final fuel used by an operator, thus helping to reduce other non-CO2 emissions. Other alternatives to power aircraft, such as electricity or liquid hydrogen are expected to progressively contribute to the decarbonisation of air transport, beginning with short-haul flights.
Amendment 99 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14 a) Considering the global nature of the aviation business and bearing in mind that global approaches deliver higher environmental gains and avoid distortion of competition among regions and airlines, the application of this Regulation should avoid duplication with other regional initiatives or international agreements and therefore limit its blending mandates to intra-EU flights only. If extra-EU flights were to be covered by an international agreement under ICAO, provisions of this Regulation should include the flexibility to be complementary but not overlap with such international agreement under ICAO.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) The present Regulation should apply to aircraft engaged in civil aviation, carrying out commercial air transport flights. It should not apply to aircraft such as military aircraft and aircraft engaged in operations for humanitarian, search, rescue, disaster relief or medical purposes, as well as customs, police and fire-fighting operations. Indeed, flights operated in such circumstances are of exceptional nature and as such cannot always be planned in the same way as regular flights. Due to the nature of their operations, they may not always be in a position to fulfil obligations under this Regulation, as it may represent unnecessary burden. In order to cater for a level playing field across the EU aviation single market, this regulation should cover the largest possible share of commercial air traffic operated from airports located on EU territory. At the same time, in order to safeguard air connectivity for the benefits of EU citizens, businesses and regions, it is important to avoid imposing undue burden on air transport operations at small airports. A threshold of yearly passenger air traffic and freight traffic should be defined, below which airports would not be covered by this Regulation; however, the scope of the Regulation should cover at least 95% of total traffic departing from airports in the Union. For the same reasons, a threshold should be defined to exempt aircraft operators accountable for a very low number of departures from airports located on EU territory.
Amendment 114 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Development and deployment of sustainable aviation fuels with a high potential for sustainability, commercial maturity and a high potential for innovation and growth to meet future needs should be promoted. This should support creating innovative and competitive fuels markets and ensure sufficient supply of sustainable aviation fuels for aviation in short and long term to contribute to Union transport decarbonisation ambitions, while strengthening Union’s efforts towards a high level of environmental protection. For this purpose, sustainable aviation fuels produced from feedstock listed in Parts A and B of Annex IX of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, as well as synthetic aviation fuels as well as hydrogen (from renewable electricity or from waste or from biomethane) and electricity should be eligible. In particular, sustainable aviation fuels produced from feedstock listed in Part B of Annex IX of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 are essential, as currently the most commercially mature technology to decarbonise air transport already in the short term.
Amendment 123 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) For sustainability reasons, only sustainable feed and food crop-based fuels should not be eligible. In particular,Concerns with indirect land-use change, which can occurs when the cultivation of crops for biofuels displaces traditional production of crops for food and feed purposes. Such additional demand increases the pressure on land and can lead to the extension of agricultural land into areas with high-carbon stock, such as forests, wetlands and peatland, causing additional greenhouse gas emissions and loss of biodiversity concerns. Research has shown that the scale of the effect depends on a variety of factors, including the type of feedstock used for fuel production, the level of additional demand for feedstock triggered by the use of biofuels and the extent to which land with high-carbon stock is protected worldwide. The highest risks of indirect land-use change have been identified for biofuels, fuels produced from feedstock for which a significant expansion of the production area into land with high-carbon stock is observed. Accordingly, feed and food crop-based fuels should not be promoted. This approach is in line Union policy and in particular with Directive (EU) 2018/2001 which limits and sets a cap on the use of such biofuels in road and rail transport, considering their lower environmental benefits, lower performance in terms of greenhouse reduction potential and broader sustainability concerns. In addition to the greenhouse gas emissions linked to indirect land-use change – which is capable of negating some or all greenhouse gas emissions savings of individual biofuels – indirect land-use change poses risks also to biodiversity. This risk is particularly serious in connection with a potentially large expansion of production determined by a significant increase in demand. The aviation sector has currently insignificant levels of demand for food and feed crops- based biofuels, since over 99% of currently used aviation fuels are of fossil origin. It is therefore appropriate to avoid the creation of a potentially large demand of food and feed crops-based biofuels by promoting their use under this Regulation. The non-eligibility of crop- based biofuels under this Regulation also minimises any risk to slow down the decarbonisation of road transport, which could otherwise result from a shift of crop-based biofuels from the road to the aviation sector. It is essential to minimise such a shift, as road transport currently remains by far the most polluting transport sector, are already addressed in Directive (EU) 2018/2001 by means of a cap on the contribution of crop-based biofuels for the EU targets including aviation, as well as a delegated act on high-ILUC risk biofuels, which are to be phased out to 0% by 2030.
Amendment 141 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) It is essential to ensure that the minimum shares of sustainable aviation fuels can be successfully supplied to the aviation market without supply shortages. For this purpose, sufficient lead-time should be planned to allow the renewable fuels industry to develop production capacity accordingly. The supply of sustainable aviation fuels should become mandatory starting in 202530. Similarly, in order to provide legal certainty and predictability to the market and drive investments durably towards sustainable aviation fuels production capacity, the terms of this Regulation should be stable over a long period of time.
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21
Recital 21
Amendment 165 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 24
Recital 24
Amendment 181 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 31
Recital 31
(31) A transitional period of 5 years should be provided to allow for a reasonable amount of time for aviation fuel suppliers, Union airports and aircraft operators to make the necessary technological and logistical investments or book and claim accounting system (whichever comes first). During this phase, aviation fuel containing higher shares of sustainable aviation fuel may be used to compensate for lower shares of sustainable aviation fuels or for the reduced availability of conventional aviation fuel at other airports.
Amendment 208 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
— ‘sustainable aviation fuels’ (‘SAF’) means drop-in aviation fuels that are either synthetic aviation fuels, advanced biofuels as defined in Article 2, second paragraph, point 34 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, or biofuels produced from the feedstock listed in Part B of Annex IX to that Directive, or - for a transition period - biofules produced from food and feed crops as defined in Article 2, second paragraph, point 40 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, which comply with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions criteria laid down in Article 29(2) to (7) of that Directive and are certified in accordance with Article 30 of this Directive, or hydrogen (from renewable electricity or from waste or form biomethane) or electricity;
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 13
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 13
— ‘yearly aviation fuel required’ means the amount of aviation fuel defined as ‘trip fuel’ and ‘taxi fuel’ under Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/1296 that necessary to operate the totality of commercial air transport flights operated by an aircraft operator, departing from a givenll Union airports, over the course of a reporting period;
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 1
The yearly quantity of aviation fuel uplifted by a given aircraft operator at a given Union airports shall be at least 90% of the yearly aviation fuel required. The obligation to refuel aircraft does not reffer to intra-EU flights, provided that SAF fuels are available at the departure airport.
Amendment 296 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 6
Article 6
Amendment 339 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
By 31 March of each reporting year, aircraft operators shall report the following information to the competent authorites and the Agency:
Amendment 345 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) The total amount of sustainable aviation fuel purchased from aviation fuel suppliers, for the purpose of operating their commercial air transport flights departing from Union airports, expressed in tonnes.
Amendment 347 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point e
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point e
Amendment 380 #
(2) Member States shall ensure that any aircraft operator failing to comply with the obligations laid down in Article 5 is liable to an administrative fine. That fine shall be at least twice as high as the multiplication of the yearly average price of aviation fuel per tonne and of the total yearly non-tanked quantity;
Amendment 385 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 11 – paragraph 3
Article 11 – paragraph 3
(3) Member States shall ensure that any aviation fuel supplier failing to comply with the obligations laid down in Article 4 relative to the minimum share of sustainable aviation fuels is liable to an administrative fine. That fine shall be at least twice as high as the multiplication of the difference between the yearly average price of conventional aviation fuel and sustainable aviation fuel per tonne and of the quantity of aviation fuels not complying wireflect the price of carbon emissions but shall not be higher than three times the the minimum share referred to in Article 4 and Annex In applicable price of an EU ETS allowance;
Amendment 389 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 11 – paragraph 5
Article 11 – paragraph 5
(5) In the decision imposing the administrative fines referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4, the competent authority shall explain the methodology applied for the determination of the price of aviation fuel, and sustainable aviation fuel and synthetic aviation fuel on the Union market, based on verifiable and objective criteria;
Amendment 404 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c
Amendment 417 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 13 – paragraph 1
Article 13 – paragraph 1
By way of derogation from Article 4, from 1 January 2025 until 31 December 2029 or until functional book and claim accounting system is implemented, whichever comes earlier, for each reporting period, an aviation fuel supplier may supply the minimum share of sustainable aviation fuel defined in Annex I as a weighted average over all the aviation fuel it supplied across Union airports for that reporting period. During a transitional period untill 2029, it is permitted to use biofuels produced from food and feed crops as defined in Article 2, second paragraph, point 40 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
Amendment 427 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Article 14 – paragraph 1
By 1 January 20285 and every fivthree years thereafter, the Commission services shall present a report to the European Parliament and the Council, on the evolution of the aviation fuels market and its impact on the aviation internal market of the Union, including regarding the possible extension of the scope of this Regulation to other energy sources, and other types of synthetic fuels defined under the Renewable Energy Directive, the possible revision of the minimum shares in Article 4 and Annex I, and the level of administrative fines. The report shall include information, where available, on development of a potential policy framework for uptake of sustainable aviation fuels at ICAO level. The report shall also inform on technological advancements in the area of research and innovation in the aviation industry which are relevant to sustainable aviation fuels, including with regards to the reduction of non-CO2 emissions. The report may consider if this Regulation should be amended and, options for amendments, where appropriate, in line with a potential policy framework on sustainable aviation fuels uptake at ICAO level.
Amendment 440 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point a
Annex I – point a
Amendment 450 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point b
Annex I – point b
(b) From 1 January 2030, a minimum share of 52% of SAF, of which a minimum share of 0.7% of synthetic aviation fuels;
Amendment 459 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point c
Annex I – point c
(c) From 1 January 2035, a minimum share of 205% of SAF, of which a minimum share of 52% of synthetic aviation fuels;
Amendment 463 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point d
Annex I – point d
(d) From 1 January 2040, a minimum share of 320% of SAF, of which a minimum share of 8% of synthetic aviation fuels;