16 Amendments of Kateřina KONEČNÁ related to 2012/0288(COD)
Amendment 78 #
Council position
Recital 3 a (new)
Recital 3 a (new)
(3a) The incentive-based stimulation of biofuel production has not only led to an increase in biofuel production in the Union but has also led to an expansion of biofuel production in third countries. Although figures relating to the exact amount of land that was used and diverted to biofuel production in third countries vary, some reports found that between 2009 and 2013 6 million hectares of land were used for biofuel production by European companies in Africa alone. In a note from April 2013, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to food stressed the adverse impacts of the Union biofuels policy in relation to the right to food, land and water. In order to counter these negative impacts, the Commission should propose to amend and strengthen the sustainability criteria in Article 17 of Directive 2009/98/EC and Article 7b of Directive 98/70/EC.
Amendment 89 #
Council position
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) Based on forecasts of biofuel demand provided by the Member States and estimates of indirect land-use change emissions for different biofuel feedstocks, it is likely that greenhouse gas emissions linked to indirect land-use change are significant, and couldwill negate some or all of the greenhouse gas emission savings of individual biofuels. This is because land- based biofuels have received a large amount of public subsidies (EUR 6 billion a year), and therefore almost the entire biofuel production in 2020 is expected to come from crops grown on land that could be used to satisfy food and feed markets. In order to reduce such emissions, it is appropriate to distinguish between crop groups such as oil crops, sugars and cereals and other starch-rich crops accordingly. Furthermore, biofuel production from food crops contributes to food price volatility and may have a significant negative social impact on livelihoods and the ability to implement human rights including the right to food or access to land for local communities living in poverty in countries outside the Union. In order to reduce such emissions and such negative social impact and mitigate such negative effects on food security, it is appropriate to focus, in particular, on reducing the projected use of biofuels grown on land as well as taking into account indirect land-use change emissions when calculating the greenhouse gas emission savings required under the sustainability criteria set out in Directives 2009/28/EC and 98/70/EC.
Amendment 93 #
Council position
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5a) The indirect land use change effects are not only environmental, but also social, and are placing additional pressure on land use, particularly in developing countries, which is having a negative impact on the food security of local people, in particular women.
Amendment 138 #
Council position
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) The estimated indirect land-use change emissions should be included in the reporting by the Commission of greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels under Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC. Biofuels made from feedstocks that do not lead to additional demand for land, such as those from waste feedstocks, should be assigned a zero emissions factor.
Amendment 142 #
Council position
Recital 15 a (new)
Recital 15 a (new)
(15a) The use of land for growing biofuel feedstocks should not result in the displacement of local and indigenous communities. Special measures to protect indigenous communities' land therefore need to be introduced.
Amendment 151 #
Council position
Recital 20 a (new)
Recital 20 a (new)
(20a) With a view to meeting the target for renewable energies in the transport sector while minimising the negative impacts of land-use change, renewable electricity, modal shift, greater use of public transport and energy efficiency should be encouraged. In line with the White Paper on Transport, Member States should therefore seek to secure greater energy efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption in transport and at the same time to enhance the market penetration of electric vehicles and the take-up of renewable electricity in transport systems.
Amendment 157 #
Council position
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) Since tThe objectives of this Directive, namely to should ensure a single market for fuel for roadthe transport and non-road mobile machinerysector and ensure respect forthat minimum levels of environmental protection in the use of that fuel,are respected and adverse effects on food security and land-use rights are avoided in connection with the production and use of that fuel. Since these objectives cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of their scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
Amendment 158 #
Council position
Recital 28 a (new)
Recital 28 a (new)
(28 a) Public incentives for biofuels inject significant additional demand into the commodities markets and, therefore, impact prices significantly, both on international markets and on the domestic markets of net-food importing countries. This is of serious concern in particular for poor people who spend a significant proportion of their household income on food. The Union's biofuels policy is alleged to favour large-scale industrial models of agricultural production that appear to offer limited benefits to local populations.
Amendment 185 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point b a (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 7b – paragraph 4 a (new)
(ba) the following paragraph is inserted: "4a. Biofuels and bioliquids taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from land- based raw material unless third parties' legal rights regarding use and tenure of the land are respected, inter alia by obtaining the free prior and informed consent of the third parties, with the involvement of their representative institutions."
Amendment 192 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 4 – point c
Article 1 – point 4 – point c
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7c – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 6
Article 7c – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 6
Amendment 286 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
(da) the following paragraph is added: "4a. By [one year after the date of entry into force of this Directive], the Commission shall make recommendations for additional measures that Member State may take to promote and encourage energy efficiency and energy saving in transport. The recommendations shall include estimates of the quantity of energy that can be saved by implementing each of those measures. The energy quantity corresponding to the measures implemented by a Member State shall be taken into account for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point (b) of the second subparagraph of paragraph 4."
Amendment 292 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 4 – paragraph 4 b (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 4 b (new)
(db) the following paragraph is added: "4b. With a view to meeting the target set in paragraph 4, Member States shall ensure that electricity generated from renewable sources accounts for at least 2% of overall energy consumption in the transport sector by 2020."
Amendment 297 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 4 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 3 a (new)
(2a) In Article 4, the following paragraph is inserted: "3a. Each Member State shall publish and notify to the Commission by [one year after the date of entry into force of this Directive] a forecast document indicating the additional measures it intends to take in accordance with Article 3(4a)."
Amendment 310 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 5 – point b a (new)
Article 2 – point 5 – point b a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 17 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 4 a (new)
(ba) the following paragraph is inserted: "4a. Biofuels and bioliquids taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from land- based raw material unless third parties' legal rights regarding use and tenure of the land are respected, inter alia by obtaining the free prior and informed consent of the third parties, with the involvement of their representative institutions."
Amendment 317 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 6 – point –a (new)
Article 2 – point 6 – point –a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 18 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 18 – paragraph 2 a (new)
(-a) the following paragraph is inserted: "2a. Eurostat shall gather and publish detailed trade related information on biofuels produced from food crops, such as those based on cereals and other starch rich crops, sugars and oil crops. Available information shall be disaggregated trade data for both ethanol and biodiesel as current data is published in an aggregated format with ethanol and biodiesel imports and exports combined under one data set labelled biofuels. Import and export data shall identify the type and volumes of biofuels imported and consumed by Member States. Data shall also include the country of origin or the country exporting those products into the Union. Data on the import and export of biofeedstock or semi-processed products shall be improved with Eurostat gathering and publishing information on import or export of feedstocks, type and country of origin, including internally traded feedstocks or semi-traded feedstocks."
Amendment 319 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 6 – point b
Article 2 – point 6 – point b
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 18 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Article 18 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
The Commission may decide that voluntary national or international schemes setting standards for the production of biomass products contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 17(2), and/or demonstrate that consignments of biofuel or bioliquid comply with the sustainability criteria set out in Article 17(3), (4) and (5), and/or that no materials have been intentionally modified or discarded so that the consignment or part thereof would fall under Annex IX. The Commission may decide that those schemes contain accurate data for the purposes of information on measures taken for the conservation of areas that provide, in critical situations, basic ecosystem services (such as watershed protection and erosion control), for soil, water and air protection, the restoration of degraded land, the avoidance of excessive water consumption in areas where water is scarce and on the issues referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 17(7). The Commission may also recognise areas for the protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species recognised by international agreements or included in lists drawn up by intergovernmental organisations or the International Union for the Conservation of Nature for the purposes of Article 17(3)(b)(ii). Member States and the Commission shall each ensure the mutual recognition of all schemes for verification of compliance with the sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids, where those schemes have been established in accordance with this Directive.