Activities of Kateřina KONEČNÁ related to 2020/2012(INL)
Shadow opinions (2)
OPINION with recommendations to the Commission on the framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies
OPINION with recommendations to the Commission on framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies
Amendments (22)
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas human error is involved in about 95% of all road traffic accidents in the EU. Driverless cars and lorries can drastically reduce these figures and improve road safety, while new digital technologies can also reduce traffic congestion and emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. HighlightUnderstands the potential of AI for all autonomous means of road, rail, waterborne and air transport, but keeps in mind that an ethical approach to AI can also be seen as an early warning system against risks;
Amendment 24 #
1 a. Highlights that AI should be designed and developed in ways that decrease inequality and further social empowerment, with respect for human autonomy, and increase benefits that are shared by all, equitably. It is especially important that AI be explicable, as explicability is a critical tool to build public trust in, and understanding of, the technology;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 – point b
Paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Highlights that user safety, data security, protection of personal data and ethical concerns altogether will determine public acceptance and consequent market penetration of automated systems; highlights that public authorities and private stakeholders will need to provide credible answers to all these concerns as well as prove the environmental, economic, social and safety benefits of AI in order to gain public trust;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. CHighlights that the European approach to AI technology should secure people’s trust, serve the public interest, and strengthen shared social responsibility and considers the development of trustworthy, ethically responsible and technically robust AI an important enabler for sustainable and smart mobility; in this regard, calls on the Commission to promote uptake of AI in the transport sector and to propose, if necessary in order to uphold EU fundamental rights, corresponding changes to EU legislation without delay and in close cooperation with the transport sector;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4b. Notes that data security and privacy will come along with ethical concerns regarding the definition of the data to collect as well as their ownership, sharing, storage and purpose; notes, additionally, that ethics will play a key role in the definition of the legislative framework regulating the use and management of such data;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4c. Reiterates European principles on the ownership of individuals of their own personal data and explicit, informed consent which is necessary before using personal data as enshrined in the GDPR; points out that consent implies that individuals understand for which purpose their data will be used and that entities using personal data in algorithms have a responsibility for ensuring this understanding;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Believes that consumers should be adequately informed, if requested in offline format, in a timely, impartial, easily-readable, standardised and accessible manner about the existence, process, rationale, reasoning and possible outcome of algorithmic systems, about how to reach a human with decision- making powers, and about how the system’s decisions can be checked, meaningfully contested and corrected;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Highlights the need to pay particular attention to situations involving more vulnerable groups such as children, persons with disabilities, elderly people and others that have historically been disadvantaged or are at risk of exclusion, and to situations which are characterised by asymmetries of power or information, such as between employers and workers, or between businesses and consumers;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Believes that explicability is crucial for building and maintaining users’ trust in AI systems; this calls for processes to be transparent, the capabilities and purpose of AI systems openly communicated, and decisions explainable to those directly and indirectly affected; believes that ‘black box’ algorithms which do not provide such information must be required to provide that the system as a whole respects fundamental rights;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6 a. notes that at sectors like public transportation, AI systems for intelligent transport systems can be used to minimise queuing, optimise routing, allow vision impaired people to be more independent, optimise energy efficient engines and thereby enhance decarbonisation efforts and reduce the environmental footprint, for a greener society;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Recalls the importance of ensuring the availability of effective remedies for consumers and calls on the Member States to ensure that accessible, affordable, independent and effective procedures are available to guarantee an impartial review of all claims of violations of consumer rights through the use of algorithmic systems, whether stemming from public or private sector actors; urges Member States to ensure consumer organisations have sufficient funding to assist consumers to exercise their right to remedy;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6 b. Notes that currently, worldwide, one human dies every 23 seconds in a car accident. AI systems could help to reduce the number fatalities significantly, for instance through better reaction times and better adherence to rules. In order to maximalise the potential of AI in transport sector clear ethical guidelines are absolutely essential.
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Stresses that the data sets and the processes that yield the AI system’s decision, including those of data gathering and data labelling as well as the algorithms used, should be documented to the best possible standard to allow for traceability and an increase in transparency; stresses that this also applies to the decisions made by the AI system;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 b (new)
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Underlines that data sets used by AI systems (both for training and operation) may suffer from the inclusion of inadvertent historic bias, incompleteness and bad governance models; stresses that the continuation of such biases could lead to unintended (in)direct prejudice and discrimination against certain groups or people, potentially exacerbating prejudice and marginalisation; notes that harm can also result from the intentional exploitation of (consumer) biases or by engaging in unfair competition, such as the homogenisation of prices by means of collusion or a non-transparent market; stresses that identifiable and discriminatory bias should be removed in the collection phase where possible; notes that the way in which AI systems are developed (e.g. algorithms’ programming) may also suffer from unfair bias; stresses that this could be counteracted by putting in place oversight processes to analyse and address the system’s purpose, constraints, requirements and decisions in a clear and transparent manner; notes that hiring from diverse backgrounds should be encouraged;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Underlines the importance of training highly skilled professionals in this area and ensuring the mutual recognition of such qualifications across the Union; supports the creation of educational curricula and public awareness activities around the societal, legal, and ethical impact of AI;
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Notes that those who own or operate inputs to AI systems and profit from it should be asked to help fund the development of AI literacy programs for consumers as this is in the best interest of both the company and society as a whole;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Notes that particular attention in AI literacy programs must also be paid to situations where AI systems can cause or exacerbate adverse impacts due to asymmetries of power or information, such as between employers and employees, businesses and consumers or governments and citizens;
Amendment 133 #
Draft opinion
Subheading 5a (new)
Subheading 5a (new)
Equality and non-discrimination
Amendment 134 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 13 d (new) (after Subheading 5 a new)
Paragraph 13 d (new) (after Subheading 5 a new)
13d. Highlights the need for equal respect for the moral worth and that dignity of all human beings must be ensured. This goes beyond non- discrimination, which tolerates the drawing of distinctions between dissimilar situations based on objective justifications. In an AI context, equality entails that the system’s operations cannot generate unfairly biased outputs (e.g. the data used to train AI systems should be as inclusive as possible, representing different population groups).; calls for adequate protection for potentially vulnerable persons and groups, such as workers, women, persons with disabilities, ethnic minorities, elderly people, children, consumers or others at risk of exclusion;
Amendment 135 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 13 e (new) (after Subheading 5 a new)
Paragraph 13 e (new) (after Subheading 5 a new)
13e. Notes that, particularly in business-to-consumer domains, systems should be user-centric and designed in a way that allows all people to use AI products or services, regardless of their age, gender, abilities or characteristics. Accessibility to this technology for persons with disabilities, which are present in all societal groups, is of particular importance. AI systems should not have a one-size-fits-all approach and should consider Universal Design principles addressing the widest possible range of users, following relevant accessibility standards. This will enable equitable access and active participation of all people in existing and emerging computer-mediated human activities and with regard to assistive technologies;