5 Amendments of Victor NEGRESCU related to 2022/0066(COD)
Amendment 32 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) It is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. Cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians, journalists and human rights defenders. It can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. Cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings, such as schools and universities, with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health, which may lead to an increased incidence of depression and anxiety disorder and, in extreme cases, lead to suicide.
Amendment 33 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) Especially due to its tendency for easy, swift and broad distribution and perpetration, as well as its intimate nature, the non-consensual making accessible of intimate images or videos and material that depict sexual activities, to a multitude of end-users, by means of information and communication technologies, can be very harmful for the victims. The offence provided for in this Directive should cover all types of such material, such as images, photographs and videos, including but not limited to sexualized images, audio clips and video clips. It should relate to situations where the making accessible of the material to a multitude of end-users, through information and communication technologies, occurs without the victim’s consent, irrespective of whether the victim consented to the generation of such material or may have transmitted it to a particular person. The offence should also include the non-consensual production or manipulation, for instance by image editing, of material that makes it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities, insofar as the material is subsequently made accessible to a multitude of end-users, through information and communication technologies, without the consent of that person. Such production or manipulation should include the fabrication of ‘deepfakes’, where the material appreciably resembles an existing person, objects, places or other entities or events, depicting sexual activities of another person, and would falsely appear to others to be authentic or truthful. In the interest of effectively protecting victims of such conduct, threatening to engage in such conduct should be covered as well.
Amendment 34 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21
Recital 21
(21) Minimum rules concerning the offence of cyber harassment should be laid down to effectively protect victims of domestic violence, as well as their rights, and to counter initiating an attack with third parties or participating in such an attack directed at another person, by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users. Such broad attacks, including coordinated online mob attacks, may morph into offline assault or cause significant psychological injury and in extreme cases lead to suicide of the victim. They often target prominent (female) politicians, journalists and human rights defenders or otherwise well-known persons, but they can also occur in different contexts, for instance on campuses or in schools. Such online violence should be addressed especially where the attacks occur on a wide-scale, for example in the form of pile- on harassment by a significant amount of people.
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 61
Recital 61
(61) In order to counteract underreporting, Member States should develop a study on domestic violence to identify the real extent of the phenomenon and the causes that discourage reporting to the authorities and filing complaints by victims, especially among vulnerable groups. Furthermore, Member States should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes, but also in the prevention of offences, given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.
Amendment 42 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 61 a (new)
Recital 61 a (new)
(61 a) To effectively address violence against women, Member States should also liaise with experts and educational institutions that prepare professionals in the relevant fields in order to develop a best practice guide and the application of legislation in the field of preventing and combating domestic violence or victims of crime across the Union.