\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tAGENDA 2000 - FOR A STRONGER AND WIDER UNION: presentation of the European
\n Commission's general document on enlargement of the Union and the
\n political, technical, institutional and financial impact of accessions.
\n SUBSTANCE: in a first overall document, the Commission explains how it
\n examined the various accession applications and the main challenges facing
\n the enlarged Union. The document also puts forward a first indicative
\n timetable for the opening of negotiations and presents the strategy to be
\n adopted.
\n 1) ACCESSION APPLICATIONS: evaluation of accession applications based on
\n criteria laid down by the Copenhagen European Council (June 1993).
\n Applicant countries must have:
\n - stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights
\n and respect for minorities,
\n - a viable market economy and the ability to withstand the pressure of
\n competition within the internal market,
\n - the ability to comply with the obligations of the Union, especially
\n regarding EMU.
\n The Commission has drawn up an opinion on each accession application,
\n basing its analysis on these three basic criteria. Between 1994 and 1996
\n ten countries submitted their applications: Bulgaria COS/1997/21792, Estonia
\n COS/1997/2177, Latvia COS/1997/2176, Lithuania COS/1997/2178, Poland
\n COS/1997/2174, Hungary COS/1997/2175, Czech Republic COS/1997/2180, Slovakia
\n COS/1997/2173, Slovenia COS/1997/2181 and Romania COS/1997/2172 (see these
\n references). According to the Commission's analysis, although several
\n countries still have to make progress with regard to democracy and human
\n rights, only one country, Slovakia, does not fulfil the political
\n conditions. Hungary and Poland have viable market economies, as do the Czech
\n Republic and Slovenia (though their economic performance is slightly
\n inferior). Estonia must make an effort to comply with the economic
\n criterion, although its economy on the whole can be regarded as viable.
\n Regarding the third criterion (adoption of the acquis), the main trends
\n observed in the applicant countries show that Hungary, Poland and the Czech
\n Republic should, in the medium-term, be able to adopt the essential part of
\n the acquis and establish the administrative structures needed to apply it.
\n Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Estonia are therefore at
\n the head of the queue for possible accession. An evaluation report will be
\n prepared in 1998 in order to analyse the progress made by these countries
\n and the efforts still to be made with a view to their adaptation to the
\n large market.
\n 2) CHALLENGES OF ENLARGEMENT: the results of the Commission's impact study
\n show that an enlarged Union of 25 members (and 475 million people) will
\n offer considerable political and economic advantages. However, for
\n enlargement to be successful, it is crucial to take full advantage of the
\n pre-accession period, which means that the applicant countries must make
\n substantial investments in fields such as the environment, transport, energy
\n (especially in respect of nuclear safety), industrial restructuring,
\n agricultural infrastructure and rural society. Considerable efforts are
\n also needed to bring social and public health standards into line. In the
\n Commission's view, the success of the entire process depends on the
\n applicant countries' ability to 'absorb' the acquis during the pre-accession
\n phase. If adaptation is too slow, it could compromise the unitary nature of
\n the acquis and distort the functioning of the single market. In parallel, so
\n that the Union can function efficiently with 20 or 25 Member States, it will
\n be essential to reinforce the institutions and their operation. For this
\n reason the Commission is already suggesting that a further IGC be convened
\n as soon as possible after the year 2000 in order to undertake a
\n far-reaching reform of the institutions and introduce qualified majority
\n voting as the general rule.
\n 3) ENLARGEMENT STRATEGY: the success of enlargement depends on a dual
\n principle: - full application of the acquis communautaire from the date of
\n accession, subject to fixed and reasonable transition periods; the Union
\n must exclude any possibility of accession as a second-rank Member State or
\n with exemption clauses or derogations; - application of a reinforced
\n pre-accession strategy pursuing two main objectives:
\n a) amalgamation of the various forms of EU aid into a single framework of
\n 'accession partnerships' based on precise commitments on the part of the
\n applicant countries in certain priority sectors (democracy, macroeconomic
\n stabilization, nuclear safety, national programme for adoption of the
\n acquis); partnerships would also draw upon all the Community financial
\n resources available for the preparation of accessions;
\n b) familiarization of applicant countries with Union policies and
\n procedures by allowing them to participate in Community programmes.
\n As regards pre-accession aid, apart from the PHARE programme (ECU 1.5
\n billion per year), the applicant countries will, from 2000, be able to
\n count on aid of ECU 500 million per year for agricultural development and
\n structural assistance of ECU 1 billion for the development of transport and
\n environmental infrastructure.
\n 4) CYPRUS AND Turkey: in July 1993 the Commission expressed a favourable
\n opinion on the accession of Cyprus to the Community COS/1997/2171. Although
\n there are few economic obstacles to Cyprus's accession, the Commission still
\n regrets the continuing problem of the island's division. The efforts
\n deployed to resolve the Cyprus question have not yet borne fruit, although
\n the prospect of presidential elections in 1998 might possibly unblock the
\n situation. In any event, accession negotiations will start as planned, six
\n months after the end of the IGC, with or without the representatives of
\n Cyprus's Turkish community. The adoption of a political agreement would be
\n the best way to conclude negotiations quickly. If there is no progress in
\n this direction, negotiations would be held with the Cypriot Government, the
\n only authority recognized by international law. On the question of Turkey's
\n accession, the customs union created in 1995 has reinforced the country's
\n relations with the EU (AVC/1995/0813). However, the deterioration of the
\n political situation has, to date, prevented effective financial cooperation
\n and political dialogue. Consequently, the Commission feels that EU-Turkey
\n relations must be bolstered by a whole series of measures (especially under
\n the responsibility of MEDA and financial cooperation), but does not see any
\n possibility of accession in the short term.
\n 6) FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE COUNCIL: in the light of the various
\n analyses, the Commission has submitted the following recommendations to the
\n Council:
\n - opening of negotiations with the following Central and Eastern European
\n countries: Hungary, Poland, Estonia, Czech Republic and Slovenia, though
\n emphasizing that the decision to start negotiations with these countries at
\n the same time does not mean that the negotiations will be concluded at the
\n same time;
\n - reinforcement of the pre-accession strategy;
\n - creation of a multilateral cooperation forum in the form of a European
\n Conference;
\n - opening of negotiations with Cyprus six months after the end of the
\n Intergovernmental Conference (during 1998).
\nAGENDA 2000: THE CHALLENGE OF ENLARGEMENT:
\nIn volume 2 of COM(97)2000 the Commission analyses in depth the challenge facing the Union
\nin enlarging from 15 to 21 and then 26 members. The first basic conclusion of this document is
\nthat the impact of enlargement on the Union and its policies and especially the scale of possible
\nproblems will depend to a very large extent on the preparation of candidate countries during the
\npre-accession period. The Commission considers that the only realistic path is a gradual process
\nof adaptation. A general strategy has therefore been defined to assist these countries to prepare
\nfor accession. This pre-accession strategy is based on three fundamental aspects applicable to all
\napplicant countries: the Europe Agreements, structured dialogue and the PHARE programme.
\nThis strategy would be reinforced, whatever the specific situation of the applicant countries and
\nwould involve:
\n- bringing together within a single framework, which nevertheless takes account of each applicant
\ncountry, all the resources and forms of assistance available for facilitating the adoption of the
\nCommunity acquis,
\n- extending the participation of applicant countries to Community programmes and mechanisms
\nto apply the acquis.
\nAt the same time the Commission attempts to assess the effects of enlargement in terms of
\neconomic and political advantages for Union policies. This analysis demonstrates that there are
\nmany advantages for the Union:
\n- in economic terms, any progress towards integration will strengthen confidence in the internal
\nmarket and thus directly benefit economic operators and citizens;
\n- in political terms, enlargement represents an investment in the peace, stability and prosperity of
\nthe peoples of Europe.
\nAt the other extreme, the Commission puts its finger on the regional and sectoral tensions
\ngenerated by enlargement: both for the new members and the existing Member States, tensions
\nrelating to adjustment will affect Community policies and will have a budgetary impact.
\nCommunity funding will be needed to alleviate social problems and regional imbalances, to
\nmodernise basic infrastructures and to implement rural and industrial restructuring both in the
\nMember States and in the new countries. The first stage will be to apply the appropriate Treaty
\nrules, in particular with regard to free movement of capital and competition so as to reduce the
\ntensions facing the new Member States.
\nThere are major consequences arising from the direct budgetary and financial implications.
\nHowever, under certain conditions the financing of enlargement can be achieved without changing
\nthe own resources ceiling expressed as a percentage of the Union's GDP. If an unchanged ceiling
\nis maintained (and taking into account the limited capacity of the new members to contribute) the
\nfinancial resources available for the current Member States after enlargement can only develop
\nat a lower rate than that of Union GDP.
\nIn sectoral terms the consequences can be summarised as follows:
\n- agriculture: extension to the new countries of the CAP in its current form would involve
\nsignificant additional costs annually. However, assuming that these countries would not benefit
\nfrom compensatory aid during a period following accession, the agricultural guidelines should be
\nsufficient to finance the additional expenditure caused by enlargement ( in particular intervention
\nmeasures on the markets and accompanying measures);
\nstructural measures: there would have to be a gradual redeployment of budgetary resources to the
\nnew Member States where prosperity was well below the current Community average. The
\ncriteria used for the allocation of aid should be totally reassessed. Furthermore, the integration
\nof new Member States should be undertaken gradually (with their ability to absorb aid also being
\ntaken into account). Lastly, the amount of aid should be smaller if accession of all applicant
\ncountries does not take place simultaneously.
\nTaking into account these various hypotheses, the payments could be made within the constraints
\nof an overall cohesion measure which is relatively speaking unchanged;
\n- internal policies (R & D, education and training, trans-European networks, social actions,
\nenvironment, etc.): enlargement should concentrate efforts on a limited number of measures so
\nas to increase their impact. Even using this hypothesis, expenditure would have to increase
\nmarkedly (more than proportionally to the relative weighting of the states concerned).
\nEnlargement would also involve additional administrative expenditure for the institutions
\n(additional languages, extension and diversification of tasks, integration of new nationals).
\nHowever, enlargement should not imply an overall increase in expenditure on the external actions
\nof the Union. The new Member States could request loans from the EIB, Euratom and the
\nEuropean Investment Fund under the same conditions as the current Member States.
\nIn terms of the states' adjustment to the acquis communautaire, the Commission considers that
\nthis will be a long and costly process. Major investments would be needed, mainly in the
\nenvironmental sector, health and safety at work, nuclear safety, energy security stocks and public
\nhealth. In certain sectors modernisation will be extremely important (polluting industries, nuclear
\npower stations, transport and fishing fleets, energy). Provision should also be made for
\nconsiderable efforts in relation to the administrative structures to be put in place to apply
\nCommunity legislation on consumer protection, phytosanitary and veterinary care, surveillance
\nof external frontiers and indirect taxation. In other words, the Commission considers that
\naccession of the new Member States is subject to adoption of the whole acquis communautaire.
\nAll the policies will apply to the enlarged Union, subject to adjustments and transitional
\nprovisions. Inadequate adoption or too slow a pace could cause serious difficulties after
\naccession. The Union would have to tolerate, inter alia, a permanent distinction between the new
\nand old Member States and their citizens, distortions of competition to the detriment of economic
\noperators in countries which conformed to the Community legislation in force, reduced levels of
\nprotection for consumers or for the safety of citizens or even a protectionist response from certain
\nMember States which would look askance at the distortions of competition produced by the
\narrival of the 'weakest' countries. All these effects could affect the legitimacy of the Union as a
\nwhole.
\nTo avoid these risks the Commission considers that adjustments and some refocusing of
\nCommunity policies will be necessary. Among other things, everything possible should be done
\nto ensure that some policies are not neglected as a result of enlargement (development, aid to
\nNICs and the Mediterranean, etc.).
\nIn terms of decision-making, the unanimity rule must be reconsidered so that the operation and
\nsubsequent development of the Union's policies is not affected (consumer protection, CFSP,
\njustice and home affairs, environment, social policy, liberalisation of energy). Lastly, one of the
\nfundamental questions concerns the future of the Union's institutions after enlargement, in
\nparticular the effect of twice the number of official languages. The budgetary consequences here
\nare far from negligible and attention must be paid to the question if energies are not to be wasted.
\nIn conclusion: the main challenge facing the Union in the near future will be the preparation of
\nfuture member states for accession. The gradual adjustment of these countries is essential if the
\npolitical and financial costs of enlargement are to be limited. The necessary efforts in the pre-
\naccession period will basically be made by the applicant countries, through the technical assistance
\nof the Union as part of its pre-accession strategy. Two other aspects are crucial in order to
\novercome the problems of enlargement:
\n- reform of the Community institutions,
\n- consent and support of European public opinion.
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
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Niels"}],"responsible":false}],"date":"1997-11-17T00:00:00","docs":[{"title":"A4-0368/1997","type":"Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading","url":"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A4-1997-368&language=EN"}],"text":["
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tThe Committee voted to adopt a triple approach for responding to the\n challenge of Agenda 2000 and enlargement. Tom SPENCER said that the\n committee has opted for an approach that balances the problem of treating\n the applicant countries with equity while recognizing that some countries\n are readier for membership than others. The report by Enrique BARON CRESPO\n (PES, E) and Arie OOSTLANDER (EPP, NL), adopted by 31 votes for, 10 against\n and 4 abstentions, recommends that \"intensive negotiations should begin with\n the countries which have made the most progress\" i.e. Hungary, Poland, Czech\n Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, Cyprus in early 1998. The committee believes\n that the development of negotiations will depend upon the extent to which\n each applicant country meets the accession requirements (political and\n economical) and its ability to take on board the \"acquis communautaire\".\n
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
\n"],"type":"Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading"},{"body":"CSL","council":"General Affairs","date":"1997-11-24T00:00:00","docs":[{"title":"2047","type":"Debate in Council","url":"http://register.consilium.europa.eu/content/out?lang=EN&typ=SET&i=SMPL&ROWSPP=25&RESULTSET=1&NRROWS=500&DOC_LANCD=EN&ORDERBY=DOC_DATE+DESC&CONTENTS=2047*&MEET_DATE=24/11/1997"}],"meeting_id":"2047","type":"Council Meeting"},{"body":"EP","date":"1997-12-03T00:00:00","type":"Debate in Parliament"},{"body":"EP","date":"1997-12-04T00:00:00","docs":[{"text":["
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tThe report by Mr Arie OOSTLANDER (PPE, NL) and Mr Enrique BARON CRESPO\n (PSE;\n E) on the communication from the Commission on 'AGENDA 2000', adopted by\n 373 votes to 28 with 58 abstentions, considers that any country which is\n situated in Europe and has democratic institutions may legitimately aspire\n to join the Union. Enlargement, which is a response to the changes that\n have taken place on the European continent, is a moral, political and\n economic challenge. MEPs feel that a Union reinforced (rather than\n weakened)\n by enlargement is in the interests of both the applicant countries and the\n current Member States.\n While emphasizing the need to adopt a strategy which does not exclude any\n applicant country, Parliament states that membership must be based on full\n compliance with the acquis communautaire and that transitional measures\n must be limited to a minimum.\n Parliament reiterates the accession criteria laid down at the Copenhagen\n European Council in 1993, which stipulate that applicant countries must\n have stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human\n rights, and respect for and protection of minorities. They must also have a\n functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competitive\n pressures and market forces within the Union.\n Finally, they must have the ability to take on the obligations of\n membership (respect for the acquis communautaire) and must adhere to the\n aims of political, economic and monetary union.\n 1) Enlargement strategy:\n The first strategic objective of the European Union must be to enable all\n the applicant countries to meet the Copenhagen criteria. To achieve this,\n the first step is to acknowledge their moral right to enter the Union,\n while implementing a strategy which encourages them to meet those criteria.\n The preparations for this must involve all the Central and Eastern European\n countries.\n Parliament considers that the decision taken by the Commission to preselect\n the countries that in the medium-term would be able to take on the\n obligations relating to membership of the European Union is appropriate\n neither in political nor economic terms. It is convinced that all the\n applicant countries have the right to participate in the enlargement\n progress from the start, on the understanding that the duration of\n negotiations may vary depending on the ability of each country to accept\n the acquis communautaire.\n Consequently, the European Union must be open to all European democracies\n wishing to support its objectives, and Parliament calls on the Council to\n embark upon the enlargement process with all applicant countries. It\n believes that all applicant countries which currently meets the Copenhagen\n criteria have the right to start the reinforced negotiation and accession\n process at the same time, early in 1998. Parliament shares the Commission's\n view that intensive negotiations should begin, on an individual basis, with\n the countries which have made the most progress. It also states that the\n Union should not determine the date of full membership in advance. At\n internal level, Parliament considers that the institutional framework which\n has emerged from the Amsterdam Treaty does not meet the necessary conditions\n for achieving enlargement without endangering the operation of the Union and\n the effectiveness of its actions. Consequently, it confirms the view set out\n in its resolution of 19 November 1997 on the Amsterdam Treaty regarding the\n institutional reforms which must be achieved before any further enlargement.\n Parliament regards the European Conference as an essential instrument for\n political cooperation, though it should not replace bilateral negotiations\n on accession. Instead, it must be designed as a specific instrument of\n pan-European cooperation.\n 2) Impact on EU policy: regarding financial aspects, Parliament notes the\n Commission's view that 1.27% of GDP is enough to meet the challenges facing\n the EU over the period 2000-2006. However, this estimate is based on its\n assumptions about GDP growth, reform of Community policies, and the outcome\n of the enlargement process. Parliament reaffirms its view that the current\n system of own resources is unlikely to be sufficient to fund a successful\n enlargement and that, in view of the need to take account of as-yet unknown\n factors, a review clause on expenditure and resources must be included in\n the new financial framework. Bearing in mind the positive overall outcome of\n previous enlargements, and considering that enlargement will strengthen the\n weight and influence of the European Union in the international economic\n system, Parliament calls on the Union and applicant countries to define\n forthwith a coordinated strategy for the commitments to be made within the\n WTO. Parliament considers it essential for the phased integration of the\n applicant countries to go hand-in-hand with a more determined policy of\n harmonizing the external aspects of the internal market (coordination of\n trade policies). It believes, given the strength of the applicant countries,\n that enlargement will increase economic growth in the Member States. In any\n event, it stresses that the budgetary costs of enlargement are but a\n fraction of the peace dividend gained after the Cold War and that investing\n in enlargement is a way of sustaining this dividend. In terms of regional\n policy and economic and social cohesion, Parliament stresses the importance\n of ensuring that the financial repercussions of enlargement do not undermine\n the principles of solidarity and cohesion within the Community.\n The lack of adequate financial resources may result in a cut in the funding\n currently earmarked for the Union's regions benefiting under cohesion\n policy. Consequently, and irrespective of the enlargement process,\n Parliament believes that regional policy reform is essential.\n Regarding social issues, it notes the absolutely essential need for\n applicant countries to adjust to the European social model, and it would\n also welcome a white paper on the social situation and social policy in\n applicant countries.\n Parliament calls for appropriate flexibility as regards transition periods,\n in order to ensure integration in a manner which is acceptable in social\n terms. It also advocates the ongoing pursuit of economic, social and\n regional development in the applicant countries.\n Adaptation of the common agricultural policy is rendered even more\n necessary by the prospect of enlargement. Parliament believes that, given\n the considerable differences in prices and the need to encourage a rural\n development policy, the common agricultural policy in its current form\n should not be extended to the new members. Thought should be given to the\n possibility of setting longer transitional periods for the application of\n this policy in the new Member States.\n Finally, it notes with great concern the Commission's findings regarding\n the applicant countries' administrative and judicial capacity to apply\n Community law. Similarly, it emphasizes the importance of environmental and\n public health problems in the applicant countries and recommends that\n measures be adopted in these fields.\n
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tAGENDA 2000 - FOR A STRONGER AND WIDER UNION: presentation of the European
\n Commission's general document on enlargement of the Union and the
\n political, technical, institutional and financial impact of accessions.
\n SUBSTANCE: in a first overall document, the Commission explains how it
\n examined the various accession applications and the main challenges facing
\n the enlarged Union. The document also puts forward a first indicative
\n timetable for the opening of negotiations and presents the strategy to be
\n adopted.
\n 1) ACCESSION APPLICATIONS: evaluation of accession applications based on
\n criteria laid down by the Copenhagen European Council (June 1993).
\n Applicant countries must have:
\n - stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights
\n and respect for minorities,
\n - a viable market economy and the ability to withstand the pressure of
\n competition within the internal market,
\n - the ability to comply with the obligations of the Union, especially
\n regarding EMU.
\n The Commission has drawn up an opinion on each accession application,
\n basing its analysis on these three basic criteria. Between 1994 and 1996
\n ten countries submitted their applications: Bulgaria COS/1997/21792, Estonia
\n COS/1997/2177, Latvia COS/1997/2176, Lithuania COS/1997/2178, Poland
\n COS/1997/2174, Hungary COS/1997/2175, Czech Republic COS/1997/2180, Slovakia
\n COS/1997/2173, Slovenia COS/1997/2181 and Romania COS/1997/2172 (see these
\n references). According to the Commission's analysis, although several
\n countries still have to make progress with regard to democracy and human
\n rights, only one country, Slovakia, does not fulfil the political
\n conditions. Hungary and Poland have viable market economies, as do the Czech
\n Republic and Slovenia (though their economic performance is slightly
\n inferior). Estonia must make an effort to comply with the economic
\n criterion, although its economy on the whole can be regarded as viable.
\n Regarding the third criterion (adoption of the acquis), the main trends
\n observed in the applicant countries show that Hungary, Poland and the Czech
\n Republic should, in the medium-term, be able to adopt the essential part of
\n the acquis and establish the administrative structures needed to apply it.
\n Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Estonia are therefore at
\n the head of the queue for possible accession. An evaluation report will be
\n prepared in 1998 in order to analyse the progress made by these countries
\n and the efforts still to be made with a view to their adaptation to the
\n large market.
\n 2) CHALLENGES OF ENLARGEMENT: the results of the Commission's impact study
\n show that an enlarged Union of 25 members (and 475 million people) will
\n offer considerable political and economic advantages. However, for
\n enlargement to be successful, it is crucial to take full advantage of the
\n pre-accession period, which means that the applicant countries must make
\n substantial investments in fields such as the environment, transport, energy
\n (especially in respect of nuclear safety), industrial restructuring,
\n agricultural infrastructure and rural society. Considerable efforts are
\n also needed to bring social and public health standards into line. In the
\n Commission's view, the success of the entire process depends on the
\n applicant countries' ability to 'absorb' the acquis during the pre-accession
\n phase. If adaptation is too slow, it could compromise the unitary nature of
\n the acquis and distort the functioning of the single market. In parallel, so
\n that the Union can function efficiently with 20 or 25 Member States, it will
\n be essential to reinforce the institutions and their operation. For this
\n reason the Commission is already suggesting that a further IGC be convened
\n as soon as possible after the year 2000 in order to undertake a
\n far-reaching reform of the institutions and introduce qualified majority
\n voting as the general rule.
\n 3) ENLARGEMENT STRATEGY: the success of enlargement depends on a dual
\n principle: - full application of the acquis communautaire from the date of
\n accession, subject to fixed and reasonable transition periods; the Union
\n must exclude any possibility of accession as a second-rank Member State or
\n with exemption clauses or derogations; - application of a reinforced
\n pre-accession strategy pursuing two main objectives:
\n a) amalgamation of the various forms of EU aid into a single framework of
\n 'accession partnerships' based on precise commitments on the part of the
\n applicant countries in certain priority sectors (democracy, macroeconomic
\n stabilization, nuclear safety, national programme for adoption of the
\n acquis); partnerships would also draw upon all the Community financial
\n resources available for the preparation of accessions;
\n b) familiarization of applicant countries with Union policies and
\n procedures by allowing them to participate in Community programmes.
\n As regards pre-accession aid, apart from the PHARE programme (ECU 1.5
\n billion per year), the applicant countries will, from 2000, be able to
\n count on aid of ECU 500 million per year for agricultural development and
\n structural assistance of ECU 1 billion for the development of transport and
\n environmental infrastructure.
\n 4) CYPRUS AND Turkey: in July 1993 the Commission expressed a favourable
\n opinion on the accession of Cyprus to the Community COS/1997/2171. Although
\n there are few economic obstacles to Cyprus's accession, the Commission still
\n regrets the continuing problem of the island's division. The efforts
\n deployed to resolve the Cyprus question have not yet borne fruit, although
\n the prospect of presidential elections in 1998 might possibly unblock the
\n situation. In any event, accession negotiations will start as planned, six
\n months after the end of the IGC, with or without the representatives of
\n Cyprus's Turkish community. The adoption of a political agreement would be
\n the best way to conclude negotiations quickly. If there is no progress in
\n this direction, negotiations would be held with the Cypriot Government, the
\n only authority recognized by international law. On the question of Turkey's
\n accession, the customs union created in 1995 has reinforced the country's
\n relations with the EU (AVC/1995/0813). However, the deterioration of the
\n political situation has, to date, prevented effective financial cooperation
\n and political dialogue. Consequently, the Commission feels that EU-Turkey
\n relations must be bolstered by a whole series of measures (especially under
\n the responsibility of MEDA and financial cooperation), but does not see any
\n possibility of accession in the short term.
\n 6) FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE COUNCIL: in the light of the various
\n analyses, the Commission has submitted the following recommendations to the
\n Council:
\n - opening of negotiations with the following Central and Eastern European
\n countries: Hungary, Poland, Estonia, Czech Republic and Slovenia, though
\n emphasizing that the decision to start negotiations with these countries at
\n the same time does not mean that the negotiations will be concluded at the
\n same time;
\n - reinforcement of the pre-accession strategy;
\n - creation of a multilateral cooperation forum in the form of a European
\n Conference;
\n - opening of negotiations with Cyprus six months after the end of the
\n Intergovernmental Conference (during 1998).
\nAGENDA 2000: THE CHALLENGE OF ENLARGEMENT:
\nIn volume 2 of COM(97)2000 the Commission analyses in depth the challenge facing the Union
\nin enlarging from 15 to 21 and then 26 members. The first basic conclusion of this document is
\nthat the impact of enlargement on the Union and its policies and especially the scale of possible
\nproblems will depend to a very large extent on the preparation of candidate countries during the
\npre-accession period. The Commission considers that the only realistic path is a gradual process
\nof adaptation. A general strategy has therefore been defined to assist these countries to prepare
\nfor accession. This pre-accession strategy is based on three fundamental aspects applicable to all
\napplicant countries: the Europe Agreements, structured dialogue and the PHARE programme.
\nThis strategy would be reinforced, whatever the specific situation of the applicant countries and
\nwould involve:
\n- bringing together within a single framework, which nevertheless takes account of each applicant
\ncountry, all the resources and forms of assistance available for facilitating the adoption of the
\nCommunity acquis,
\n- extending the participation of applicant countries to Community programmes and mechanisms
\nto apply the acquis.
\nAt the same time the Commission attempts to assess the effects of enlargement in terms of
\neconomic and political advantages for Union policies. This analysis demonstrates that there are
\nmany advantages for the Union:
\n- in economic terms, any progress towards integration will strengthen confidence in the internal
\nmarket and thus directly benefit economic operators and citizens;
\n- in political terms, enlargement represents an investment in the peace, stability and prosperity of
\nthe peoples of Europe.
\nAt the other extreme, the Commission puts its finger on the regional and sectoral tensions
\ngenerated by enlargement: both for the new members and the existing Member States, tensions
\nrelating to adjustment will affect Community policies and will have a budgetary impact.
\nCommunity funding will be needed to alleviate social problems and regional imbalances, to
\nmodernise basic infrastructures and to implement rural and industrial restructuring both in the
\nMember States and in the new countries. The first stage will be to apply the appropriate Treaty
\nrules, in particular with regard to free movement of capital and competition so as to reduce the
\ntensions facing the new Member States.
\nThere are major consequences arising from the direct budgetary and financial implications.
\nHowever, under certain conditions the financing of enlargement can be achieved without changing
\nthe own resources ceiling expressed as a percentage of the Union's GDP. If an unchanged ceiling
\nis maintained (and taking into account the limited capacity of the new members to contribute) the
\nfinancial resources available for the current Member States after enlargement can only develop
\nat a lower rate than that of Union GDP.
\nIn sectoral terms the consequences can be summarised as follows:
\n- agriculture: extension to the new countries of the CAP in its current form would involve
\nsignificant additional costs annually. However, assuming that these countries would not benefit
\nfrom compensatory aid during a period following accession, the agricultural guidelines should be
\nsufficient to finance the additional expenditure caused by enlargement ( in particular intervention
\nmeasures on the markets and accompanying measures);
\nstructural measures: there would have to be a gradual redeployment of budgetary resources to the
\nnew Member States where prosperity was well below the current Community average. The
\ncriteria used for the allocation of aid should be totally reassessed. Furthermore, the integration
\nof new Member States should be undertaken gradually (with their ability to absorb aid also being
\ntaken into account). Lastly, the amount of aid should be smaller if accession of all applicant
\ncountries does not take place simultaneously.
\nTaking into account these various hypotheses, the payments could be made within the constraints
\nof an overall cohesion measure which is relatively speaking unchanged;
\n- internal policies (R & D, education and training, trans-European networks, social actions,
\nenvironment, etc.): enlargement should concentrate efforts on a limited number of measures so
\nas to increase their impact. Even using this hypothesis, expenditure would have to increase
\nmarkedly (more than proportionally to the relative weighting of the states concerned).
\nEnlargement would also involve additional administrative expenditure for the institutions
\n(additional languages, extension and diversification of tasks, integration of new nationals).
\nHowever, enlargement should not imply an overall increase in expenditure on the external actions
\nof the Union. The new Member States could request loans from the EIB, Euratom and the
\nEuropean Investment Fund under the same conditions as the current Member States.
\nIn terms of the states' adjustment to the acquis communautaire, the Commission considers that
\nthis will be a long and costly process. Major investments would be needed, mainly in the
\nenvironmental sector, health and safety at work, nuclear safety, energy security stocks and public
\nhealth. In certain sectors modernisation will be extremely important (polluting industries, nuclear
\npower stations, transport and fishing fleets, energy). Provision should also be made for
\nconsiderable efforts in relation to the administrative structures to be put in place to apply
\nCommunity legislation on consumer protection, phytosanitary and veterinary care, surveillance
\nof external frontiers and indirect taxation. In other words, the Commission considers that
\naccession of the new Member States is subject to adoption of the whole acquis communautaire.
\nAll the policies will apply to the enlarged Union, subject to adjustments and transitional
\nprovisions. Inadequate adoption or too slow a pace could cause serious difficulties after
\naccession. The Union would have to tolerate, inter alia, a permanent distinction between the new
\nand old Member States and their citizens, distortions of competition to the detriment of economic
\noperators in countries which conformed to the Community legislation in force, reduced levels of
\nprotection for consumers or for the safety of citizens or even a protectionist response from certain
\nMember States which would look askance at the distortions of competition produced by the
\narrival of the 'weakest' countries. All these effects could affect the legitimacy of the Union as a
\nwhole.
\nTo avoid these risks the Commission considers that adjustments and some refocusing of
\nCommunity policies will be necessary. Among other things, everything possible should be done
\nto ensure that some policies are not neglected as a result of enlargement (development, aid to
\nNICs and the Mediterranean, etc.).
\nIn terms of decision-making, the unanimity rule must be reconsidered so that the operation and
\nsubsequent development of the Union's policies is not affected (consumer protection, CFSP,
\njustice and home affairs, environment, social policy, liberalisation of energy). Lastly, one of the
\nfundamental questions concerns the future of the Union's institutions after enlargement, in
\nparticular the effect of twice the number of official languages. The budgetary consequences here
\nare far from negligible and attention must be paid to the question if energies are not to be wasted.
\nIn conclusion: the main challenge facing the Union in the near future will be the preparation of
\nfuture member states for accession. The gradual adjustment of these countries is essential if the
\npolitical and financial costs of enlargement are to be limited. The necessary efforts in the pre-
\naccession period will basically be made by the applicant countries, through the technical assistance
\nof the Union as part of its pre-accession strategy. Two other aspects are crucial in order to
\novercome the problems of enlargement:
\n- reform of the Community institutions,
\n- consent and support of European public opinion.
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
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Niels"}],"responsible":false}],"date":"1997-11-17T00:00:00","docs":[{"title":"A4-0368/1997","type":"Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading","url":"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A4-1997-368&language=EN"}],"text":["
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tThe Committee voted to adopt a triple approach for responding to the\n challenge of Agenda 2000 and enlargement. Tom SPENCER said that the\n committee has opted for an approach that balances the problem of treating\n the applicant countries with equity while recognizing that some countries\n are readier for membership than others. The report by Enrique BARON CRESPO\n (PES, E) and Arie OOSTLANDER (EPP, NL), adopted by 31 votes for, 10 against\n and 4 abstentions, recommends that \"intensive negotiations should begin with\n the countries which have made the most progress\" i.e. Hungary, Poland, Czech\n Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, Cyprus in early 1998. The committee believes\n that the development of negotiations will depend upon the extent to which\n each applicant country meets the accession requirements (political and\n economical) and its ability to take on board the \"acquis communautaire\".\n
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
\n"],"type":"Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading"},{"body":"CSL","council":"General Affairs","date":"1997-11-24T00:00:00","docs":[{"title":"2047","type":"Debate in Council","url":"http://register.consilium.europa.eu/content/out?lang=EN&typ=SET&i=SMPL&ROWSPP=25&RESULTSET=1&NRROWS=500&DOC_LANCD=EN&ORDERBY=DOC_DATE+DESC&CONTENTS=2047*&MEET_DATE=24/11/1997"}],"meeting_id":"2047","type":"Council Meeting"},{"body":"EP","date":"1997-12-03T00:00:00","type":"Debate in Parliament"},{"body":"EP","date":"1997-12-04T00:00:00","docs":[{"text":["
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\tThe report by Mr Arie OOSTLANDER (PPE, NL) and Mr Enrique BARON CRESPO\n (PSE;\n E) on the communication from the Commission on 'AGENDA 2000', adopted by\n 373 votes to 28 with 58 abstentions, considers that any country which is\n situated in Europe and has democratic institutions may legitimately aspire\n to join the Union. Enlargement, which is a response to the changes that\n have taken place on the European continent, is a moral, political and\n economic challenge. MEPs feel that a Union reinforced (rather than\n weakened)\n by enlargement is in the interests of both the applicant countries and the\n current Member States.\n While emphasizing the need to adopt a strategy which does not exclude any\n applicant country, Parliament states that membership must be based on full\n compliance with the acquis communautaire and that transitional measures\n must be limited to a minimum.\n Parliament reiterates the accession criteria laid down at the Copenhagen\n European Council in 1993, which stipulate that applicant countries must\n have stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human\n rights, and respect for and protection of minorities. They must also have a\n functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competitive\n pressures and market forces within the Union.\n Finally, they must have the ability to take on the obligations of\n membership (respect for the acquis communautaire) and must adhere to the\n aims of political, economic and monetary union.\n 1) Enlargement strategy:\n The first strategic objective of the European Union must be to enable all\n the applicant countries to meet the Copenhagen criteria. To achieve this,\n the first step is to acknowledge their moral right to enter the Union,\n while implementing a strategy which encourages them to meet those criteria.\n The preparations for this must involve all the Central and Eastern European\n countries.\n Parliament considers that the decision taken by the Commission to preselect\n the countries that in the medium-term would be able to take on the\n obligations relating to membership of the European Union is appropriate\n neither in political nor economic terms. It is convinced that all the\n applicant countries have the right to participate in the enlargement\n progress from the start, on the understanding that the duration of\n negotiations may vary depending on the ability of each country to accept\n the acquis communautaire.\n Consequently, the European Union must be open to all European democracies\n wishing to support its objectives, and Parliament calls on the Council to\n embark upon the enlargement process with all applicant countries. It\n believes that all applicant countries which currently meets the Copenhagen\n criteria have the right to start the reinforced negotiation and accession\n process at the same time, early in 1998. Parliament shares the Commission's\n view that intensive negotiations should begin, on an individual basis, with\n the countries which have made the most progress. It also states that the\n Union should not determine the date of full membership in advance. At\n internal level, Parliament considers that the institutional framework which\n has emerged from the Amsterdam Treaty does not meet the necessary conditions\n for achieving enlargement without endangering the operation of the Union and\n the effectiveness of its actions. Consequently, it confirms the view set out\n in its resolution of 19 November 1997 on the Amsterdam Treaty regarding the\n institutional reforms which must be achieved before any further enlargement.\n Parliament regards the European Conference as an essential instrument for\n political cooperation, though it should not replace bilateral negotiations\n on accession. Instead, it must be designed as a specific instrument of\n pan-European cooperation.\n 2) Impact on EU policy: regarding financial aspects, Parliament notes the\n Commission's view that 1.27% of GDP is enough to meet the challenges facing\n the EU over the period 2000-2006. However, this estimate is based on its\n assumptions about GDP growth, reform of Community policies, and the outcome\n of the enlargement process. Parliament reaffirms its view that the current\n system of own resources is unlikely to be sufficient to fund a successful\n enlargement and that, in view of the need to take account of as-yet unknown\n factors, a review clause on expenditure and resources must be included in\n the new financial framework. Bearing in mind the positive overall outcome of\n previous enlargements, and considering that enlargement will strengthen the\n weight and influence of the European Union in the international economic\n system, Parliament calls on the Union and applicant countries to define\n forthwith a coordinated strategy for the commitments to be made within the\n WTO. Parliament considers it essential for the phased integration of the\n applicant countries to go hand-in-hand with a more determined policy of\n harmonizing the external aspects of the internal market (coordination of\n trade policies). It believes, given the strength of the applicant countries,\n that enlargement will increase economic growth in the Member States. In any\n event, it stresses that the budgetary costs of enlargement are but a\n fraction of the peace dividend gained after the Cold War and that investing\n in enlargement is a way of sustaining this dividend. In terms of regional\n policy and economic and social cohesion, Parliament stresses the importance\n of ensuring that the financial repercussions of enlargement do not undermine\n the principles of solidarity and cohesion within the Community.\n The lack of adequate financial resources may result in a cut in the funding\n currently earmarked for the Union's regions benefiting under cohesion\n policy. Consequently, and irrespective of the enlargement process,\n Parliament believes that regional policy reform is essential.\n Regarding social issues, it notes the absolutely essential need for\n applicant countries to adjust to the European social model, and it would\n also welcome a white paper on the social situation and social policy in\n applicant countries.\n Parliament calls for appropriate flexibility as regards transition periods,\n in order to ensure integration in a manner which is acceptable in social\n terms. It also advocates the ongoing pursuit of economic, social and\n regional development in the applicant countries.\n Adaptation of the common agricultural policy is rendered even more\n necessary by the prospect of enlargement. Parliament believes that, given\n the considerable differences in prices and the need to encourage a rural\n development policy, the common agricultural policy in its current form\n should not be extended to the new members. Thought should be given to the\n possibility of setting longer transitional periods for the application of\n this policy in the new Member States.\n Finally, it notes with great concern the Commission's findings regarding\n the applicant countries' administrative and judicial capacity to apply\n Community law. Similarly, it emphasizes the importance of environmental and\n public health problems in the applicant countries and recommends that\n measures be adopted in these fields.\n
\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t
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It also questioned the ceiling for financing Community actions as fixed in Edinburgh (1.27% of GDP). 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