BETA


2021/2765(RSP) Resolution on the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council

Progress: Procedure completed

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Lead ENVI PIETIKÄINEN Sirpa (icon: EPP EPP), SIDL Günther (icon: S&D S&D), HÄUSLING Martin (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), HAZEKAMP Anja (icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL)
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 112-p2

Events

2021/11/26
   EC - Commission response to text adopted in plenary
Documents
2021/07/07
   EP - Decision by Parliament
Details

The European Parliament adopted by 470 votes to 200, with 22 abstentions, a resolution objecting to the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

On 8 December 2015, Pioneer Overseas Corporation submitted an application for the placing on the market of foods, food ingredients and feed containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 (‘the stacked GM maize’. The application also covered the placing on the market of products containing or consisting of the stacked GM maize for uses other than food and feed, with the exception of cultivation. In addition, the application covered the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from 10 sub-combinations of those single transformation events constituting the stacked GM maize. Six sub-combinations of the stacked GM maize have already been authorised. This draft Commission implementing decision covers the remaining four sub-combinations.

On 25 November 2020, EFSA adopted a favourable opinion on this application.

Lack of assessment of the complementary herbicides and outstanding questions concerning Bt toxins

A number of studies show that herbicide-tolerant GM crops result in a higher use of ‘complementary’ herbicides, in large part because of the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. As a consequence, it has to be expected that the stacked GM maize will be exposed to both higher and repeated doses of glufosinate and glyphosate, and that therefore a higher quantity of residues may be present in the harvest.

Questions concerning the carcinogenicity of glyphosate remain. EFSA concluded in November 2015 that glyphosate was unlikely to be carcinogenic and the European Chemicals Agency concluded in March 2017 that no classification was warranted. On the contrary, in 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the specialised cancer agency of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as a probable carcinogen for humans.

The assessment of herbicide residues and their break-down products found on GM plants is considered outside the remit of the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms and is therefore not undertaken as part of the authorisation process for GMOs. This is problematic since the way in which complementary herbicides are broken down by the GM plant concerned, and the composition and thus toxicity of the break-down products (‘metabolites’), can be driven by the genetic modification itself.

Members also noted that side-effects have been observed which may affect the immune system following exposure to Bt proteins and that some Bt proteins may have adjuvant properties, meaning that they can increase the allergenicity of other proteins that they come into contact with.

Undemocratic decision-making

Members recalled that the vote on 17 May 2021 of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health delivered no opinion, meaning that the authorisation was not supported by a qualified majority of Member States.

The Commission recognised that the fact that GMO authorisation decisions continue to be adopted by the Commission without a qualified majority of Member States in favour, which is very much the exception for product authorisations as a whole but which has become the norm for decision-making on GM food and feed authorisations, is problematic.

It should be noted that in its ninth term, the European Parliament has already adopted 18 objections to placing GMOs on the market.

Recommendations

On the basis of these considerations, Parliament considered that the Commission's implementing decision exceeds the implementing powers provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 and that it is not consistent EU law. Consequently, it called on the Commission to:

- withdraw its draft implementing decision;

- move forward with the utmost urgency concerning the development of sustainability criteria, with full involvement of Parliament;

- not to authorise herbicide-tolerant GM crops until the health risks associated with the residues have been comprehensively investigated on a case-by-case basis, which requires a full assessment of the residues from spraying such GM crops with complementary herbicides, an assessment of the herbicide break-down products and any combinatorial effects, including with the GM plant itself;

- fully integrate the risk assessment of the application of complementary herbicides and their residues into the risk assessment of herbicide-tolerant GM plants, regardless of whether the GM plant concerned is to be cultivated in the Union or is for import into the Union for food and feed uses;

- not to authorise the import for food or feed uses of any GM plant which has been made tolerant to a herbicide-active substance that is not authorised for use in the Union.

Documents
2021/07/06
   EP - Motion for a resolution
Documents
2021/07/06
   EP - Results of vote in Parliament
2021/05/25
   EP - PIETIKÄINEN Sirpa (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI
2021/05/25
   EP - SIDL Günther (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI
2021/05/25
   EP - HÄUSLING Martin (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI
2021/05/25
   EP - HAZEKAMP Anja (GUE/NGL) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI

Documents

Votes

Objection formulée conformément à l'article 112, paragraphes 2 et 3: maïs génétiquement modifié 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 et maïs génétiquement modifié combinant deux ou trois des événements uniques 1507, MIR162, MON810 et NK603 - Objection pursuant to Rule 112(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603 - Einwand gemäß Artikel 112 Absätze 2 und 3 GO: genetisch veränderter Mais der Sorte 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 und genetisch veränderter Mais, bei dem zwei oder drei der Einzelereignisse 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603 kombiniert werden - B9-0374/2021 - Proposition de résolution #

2021/07/06 Outcome: +: 470, -: 200, 0: 22
FR IT PL HU EL AT HR ES BG PT SI LV SK MT CY FI BE DK DE LU EE RO LT IE CZ NL SE
Total
78
75
49
21
20
19
12
59
17
21
8
8
14
6
6
14
19
13
96
6
7
32
10
13
21
29
19
icon: S&D S&D
142

Greece S&D

2

Slovenia S&D

2

Latvia S&D

2

Cyprus S&D

2

Denmark S&D

2

Luxembourg S&D

For (1)

1

Estonia S&D

2

Lithuania S&D

2

Czechia S&D

For (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
71

Poland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Spain Verts/ALE

3

Portugal Verts/ALE

1

Latvia Verts/ALE

1

Finland Verts/ALE

3

Belgium Verts/ALE

2

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Lithuania Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Ireland Verts/ALE

2

Czechia Verts/ALE

3

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Sweden Verts/ALE

3
icon: ID ID
70
3

Finland ID

2

Denmark ID

For (1)

1

Estonia ID

For (1)

1

Czechia ID

2

Netherlands ID

Against (1)

1
icon: The Left The Left
39

Cyprus The Left

2

Finland The Left

For (1)

1

Belgium The Left

For (1)

1

Denmark The Left

1

Czechia The Left

1

Netherlands The Left

For (1)

1

Sweden The Left

For (1)

1
icon: NI NI
37

Slovakia NI

2

Germany NI

2

Lithuania NI

1

Netherlands NI

1
icon: ECR ECR
62

Greece ECR

1

Croatia ECR

1

Bulgaria ECR

2

Latvia ECR

2

Slovakia ECR

Against (1)

1

Germany ECR

Abstain (1)

1

Romania ECR

1

Lithuania ECR

1

Netherlands ECR

4

Sweden ECR

2
icon: Renew Renew
98

Italy Renew

2

Hungary Renew

2

Austria Renew

Against (1)

1

Croatia Renew

For (1)

1

Slovenia Renew

2

Latvia Renew

Against (1)

1

Finland Renew

3

Belgium Renew

4

Luxembourg Renew

Against (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Estonia Renew

For (1)

Against (2)

3

Lithuania Renew

Against (1)

1

Ireland Renew

2

Sweden Renew

3
icon: PPE PPE
173

Hungary PPE

1

Latvia PPE

2

Malta PPE

2
2

Finland PPE

3

Belgium PPE

Against (1)

3

Denmark PPE

Against (1)

1

Luxembourg PPE

2

Estonia PPE

Against (1)

1

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

docs/1
date
2021-11-26T00:00:00
docs
url: /oeil/spdoc.do?i=56856&j=0&l=en title: SP(2021)598
type
Commission response to text adopted in plenary
body
EC
docs/1
date
2021-07-07T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0335_EN.html title: T9-0335/2021
type
Text adopted by Parliament, single reading
body
EP
events/0
date
2021-07-07T00:00:00
type
Decision by Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0335_EN.html title: T9-0335/2021
events/0
date
2021-07-06T00:00:00
type
Results of vote in Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/sda.do?id=56856&l=en title: Results of vote in Parliament
events/1
date
2021-07-07T00:00:00
type
Decision by Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0335_EN.html title: T9-0335/2021
events/1/summary
  • The European Parliament adopted by 470 votes to 200, with 22 abstentions, a resolution objecting to the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
  • On 8 December 2015, Pioneer Overseas Corporation submitted an application for the placing on the market of foods, food ingredients and feed containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 (‘the stacked GM maize’. The application also covered the placing on the market of products containing or consisting of the stacked GM maize for uses other than food and feed, with the exception of cultivation. In addition, the application covered the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from 10 sub-combinations of those single transformation events constituting the stacked GM maize. Six sub-combinations of the stacked GM maize have already been authorised. This draft Commission implementing decision covers the remaining four sub-combinations.
  • On 25 November 2020, EFSA adopted a favourable opinion on this application.
  • Lack of assessment of the complementary herbicides and outstanding questions concerning Bt toxins
  • A number of studies show that herbicide-tolerant GM crops result in a higher use of ‘complementary’ herbicides, in large part because of the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. As a consequence, it has to be expected that the stacked GM maize will be exposed to both higher and repeated doses of glufosinate and glyphosate, and that therefore a higher quantity of residues may be present in the harvest.
  • Questions concerning the carcinogenicity of glyphosate remain. EFSA concluded in November 2015 that glyphosate was unlikely to be carcinogenic and the European Chemicals Agency concluded in March 2017 that no classification was warranted. On the contrary, in 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the specialised cancer agency of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as a probable carcinogen for humans.
  • The assessment of herbicide residues and their break-down products found on GM plants is considered outside the remit of the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms and is therefore not undertaken as part of the authorisation process for GMOs. This is problematic since the way in which complementary herbicides are broken down by the GM plant concerned, and the composition and thus toxicity of the break-down products (‘metabolites’), can be driven by the genetic modification itself.
  • Members also noted that side-effects have been observed which may affect the immune system following exposure to Bt proteins and that some Bt proteins may have adjuvant properties, meaning that they can increase the allergenicity of other proteins that they come into contact with.
  • Undemocratic decision-making
  • Members recalled that the vote on 17 May 2021 of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health delivered no opinion, meaning that the authorisation was not supported by a qualified majority of Member States.
  • The Commission recognised that the fact that GMO authorisation decisions continue to be adopted by the Commission without a qualified majority of Member States in favour, which is very much the exception for product authorisations as a whole but which has become the norm for decision-making on GM food and feed authorisations, is problematic.
  • It should be noted that in its ninth term, the European Parliament has already adopted 18 objections to placing GMOs on the market.
  • Recommendations
  • On the basis of these considerations, Parliament considered that the Commission's implementing decision exceeds the implementing powers provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 and that it is not consistent EU law. Consequently, it called on the Commission to:
  • - withdraw its draft implementing decision;
  • - move forward with the utmost urgency concerning the development of sustainability criteria, with full involvement of Parliament;
  • - not to authorise herbicide-tolerant GM crops until the health risks associated with the residues have been comprehensively investigated on a case-by-case basis, which requires a full assessment of the residues from spraying such GM crops with complementary herbicides, an assessment of the herbicide break-down products and any combinatorial effects, including with the GM plant itself;
  • - fully integrate the risk assessment of the application of complementary herbicides and their residues into the risk assessment of herbicide-tolerant GM plants, regardless of whether the GM plant concerned is to be cultivated in the Union or is for import into the Union for food and feed uses;
  • - not to authorise the import for food or feed uses of any GM plant which has been made tolerant to a herbicide-active substance that is not authorised for use in the Union.
docs/1
date
2021-07-07T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0335_EN.html title: T9-0335/2021
type
Text adopted by Parliament, single reading
body
EP
events
  • date: 2021-07-07T00:00:00 type: Decision by Parliament body: EP docs: url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0335_EN.html title: T9-0335/2021
forecasts
  • date: 2021-07-06T00:00:00 title: Vote scheduled
procedure/stage_reached
Old
Awaiting plenary debate/vote
New
Procedure completed
forecasts/0/title
Old
Vote in plenary scheduled
New
Vote scheduled
procedure/title
Old
Objection pursuant to Rule 112(2) and (3): authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council
New
Resolution on the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize 1507 × MIR162 × MON810 × NK603 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events 1507, MIR162, MON810 and NK603, pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council
docs
  • date: 2021-07-06T00:00:00 docs: url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-9-2021-0374_EN.html title: B9-0374/2021 type: Motion for a resolution body: EP