BETA


2021/0241(COD) Information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets

Progress: Procedure completed

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Joint Responsible Committee ['ECON', 'LIBE'] URTASUN Ernest (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), KANKO Assita (icon: ECR ECR) MANDL Lukas (icon: EPP EPP), PEREIRA Lídia (icon: EPP EPP), LALUCQ Aurore (icon: S&D S&D), TANG Paul (icon: S&D S&D), KOVAŘÍK Ondřej (icon: Renew Renew), DELBOS-CORFIELD Gwendoline (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), BECK Gunnar (icon: ID ID), VANDENDRIESSCHE Tom (icon: ID ID), MOŻDŻANOWSKA Andżelika Anna (icon: ECR ECR), DALY Clare (icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL), SCHIRDEWAN Martin (icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL)
Committee Recast Technique Opinion JURI
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 110, RoP 58, TFEU 114-p1

Events

2023/07/05
   EC - Commission response to text adopted in plenary
Documents
2023/06/09
   Final act published in Official Journal
Details

PURPOSE: to fight money laundering and the financing of terrorism, including by implementing international standards and by ensuring the availability of basic information on payers and payees of transfer of funds, and on originators and beneficiaries of transfers of crypto-assets.

LEGISLATIVE ACT: Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets and amending Directive (EU) 2015/849.

CONTENT: this Regulation updates the rules on information accompanying transfers of funds by extending the scope of these rules to transfers of crypto-assets.

Under the new rules, the crypto asset service providers are obliged to collect and make accessible certain information about the originator and the beneficiary of the transfers of crypto assets they operate. This is what payment service providers currently do for wire transfers. It will ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers in order to be able to better identify possible suspicious transactions and block them. The new agreement will enable the EU to deal with the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing linked to these new technologies, while reconciling competitiveness, consumer and investor protection, and the protection of the financial integrity of the internal market.

The introduction of this ‘travel rule’ will ensure financial transparency on exchanges in crypto-assets and will provide the EU with a solid and proportional framework that complies with the most demanding international standards on the exchange of crypto-assets, in particular recommendations 15 and 16 of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Scope

This Regulation will apply to transfers of funds, in any currency, which are sent or received by a payment service provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union. It will also apply to transfers of crypto-assets, including transfers of crypto-assets executed by means of crypto-ATMs, where the crypto-asset service provider, or the intermediary crypto-asset service provider, of either the originator or the beneficiary has its registered office in the Union.

Given the role of crypto-ATMs in providing or actively facilitating transfers of crypto-assets, transfers of crypto-assets linked to crypto-ATMs should fall under the scope of this Regulation.

Ensuring traceability of crypto-asset transfers

In practical terms, the aim of this recast is to impose an obligation on crypto-asset service providers to collect and make accessible certain data on the originator and beneficiary of the crypto-asset transfers they process.

The Regulation provides for a system imposing an obligation on payment service providers to ensure that fund transfers are accompanied by information on the originator and beneficiary of funds and imposing an obligation on crypto-asset service providers to ensure that crypto-asset transfers are accompanied by information on the originator and beneficiary of crypto-assets.

Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers will ensure that information on the originator and beneficiary of funds or on the originator and beneficiary of crypto-assets is not missing or incomplete.

It is intended to require verification of the accuracy of the information on the originator or beneficiary of funds only for individual transfers of funds that exceed EUR 1 000, unless the transfer appears to be linked to other transfers of funds that cumulatively exceed EUR 1 000, whether the funds were received or paid in cash or in the form of anonymous electronic money, or where there are reasonable grounds to suspect money laundering or terrorist financing.

Self-hosted wallets

There are specific requirements for transfers of crypto-assets between crypto-asset service providers and self-hosted wallets. In the case of a transfer of an amount exceeding EUR 1 000 that is sent or received on behalf of a client of a crypto-asset service provider to or from a self-hosted address, that crypto-asset service provider should verify whether that self-hosted address is effectively owned or controlled by that client.

Policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures

Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers will be required to have policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures at EU and national level when transferring funds and crypto-assets under the Regulation.

Data protection

Regarding data protection, it is expected that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will remain applicable to transfers of funds, and that no separate data protection regulations will be introduced.

Given the urgency to ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers and chose to align the timetable for application of this regulation with that of the markets in crypto assets (MiCA) regulation.

ENTRY INTO FORCE: 29.6.2023.

APPLICATION: from 30.12.2024.

2023/05/31
   CSL - Draft final act
Documents
2023/05/31
   CSL - Final act signed
2023/05/16
   EP/CSL - Act adopted by Council after Parliament's 1st reading
2023/05/16
   CSL - Council Meeting
2023/04/20
   EP - Results of vote in Parliament
2023/04/20
   EP - Decision by Parliament, 1st reading
Details

The European Parliament adopted by 529 votes to 29, with 14 abstentions, a legislative resolution on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast).

The European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure amends the Commission's proposal as follows:

Ensuring traceability of transfers of crypto-assets

The aim of this recast is to introduce an obligation for crypto asset service providers to collect and make accessible certain information about the originator and the beneficiary of the transfers of crypto assets they operate.

In order to ensure the transmission of information throughout the payment chain or the transfer of crypto-assets chain, the Regulation provides for a system imposing the obligation on payment service providers to accompany transfers of funds with information on the payer and the payee and the obligation on crypto-asset service providers to accompany transfers of crypto-assets with information on the originator and the beneficiary.

This will ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers in order to be able to better identify possible suspicious transactions and block them.

The introduction of this ‘travel rule’ will ensure financial transparency on exchanges in crypto-assets and will provide the EU with a solid and proportional framework that complies with the most demanding international standards on the exchange of crypto-assets, in particular the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog.

This Regulation should apply to transfers of funds, in any currency , which are sent or received by a payment service provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union. It should also apply to transfers of crypto-assets, including transfers of crypto-assets executed by means of crypto-ATMs, where the crypto-asset service provider, or the intermediary crypto-asset service provider, of either the originator or the beneficiary has its registered office in the Union.

This Regulation should not apply to a transfer of crypto-assets if any of the following conditions is met: (a) both the originator and the beneficiary are crypto-asset service providers acting on their own behalf; (b) the transfer constitutes a person-to-person transfer of crypto-assets carried out without the involvement of a crypto-asset service provider.

Self-hosted address

There will be specific requirements for crypto-asset transfers between crypto-asset service providers and un-hosted wallets.

The requirements set out in the Regulation should apply to all transfers including transfers of crypto-assets to or from a self-hosted address, as long as there is a crypto-asset service provider involved.

In the case of a transfer to or from a self-hosted address, the crypto-asset service provider should collect the information on both the originator and the beneficiary, usually from its client. A crypto-asset service provider should in principle not be required to verify the information on the user of the self-hosted address. Nonetheless, in the case of a transfer of an amount exceeding EUR 1 000 that is sent or received on behalf of a client of a crypto-asset service provider to or from a self-hosted address, that crypto-asset service provider should verify whether that self-hosted address is effectively owned or controlled by that client.

The Commission should assess, no later than 18 months after the date of application of the Regulation, the need for additional specific measures to mitigate the risks posed by transfers to or from self-hosted addresses or to or from entities not established in the Union, including the introduction of possible restrictions, and should assess the effectiveness and proportionality of the mechanisms used to verify the accuracy of information concerning the ownership of self-hosted addresses.

Obligations on intermediary crypto-asset service providers

Intermediary crypto-asset service providers should:

- ensure that all the information received on the originator and the beneficiary that accompanies a transfer of crypto-assets is transmitted with the transfer and that records of such information are retained and made available on request to the competent authorities;

- implement effective procedures, including, where appropriate, monitoring after or during the transfers, in order to detect whether the information on the originator or the beneficiary has been submitted previously, simultaneously or concurrently with the transfer or batch file transfer of crypto-assets, including where the transfer is made to or from a self-hosted address;

- establish effective risk-based procedures, including procedures based on the risk-sensitive basis, for determining whether to execute, reject, return or suspend a transfer of crypto-assets lacking the required information on the originator and the beneficiary and for taking the appropriate follow up action.

Policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures

Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should have policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of EU and national restrictive measures when transferring funds and crypto-assets under the Regulation.

Data protection

Regarding data protection, it is expected that the general data protection regulation (GDPR) remains applicable to transfers of funds, and that no separate data protection rules will be set up.

The European Data Protection Board should, after consulting EBA, issue guidelines on the practical implementation of data protection requirements for transfers of personal data to third countries in the context of transfers of crypto-assets. EBA should issue guidelines on suitable procedures for determining whether to execute, reject, return or suspend a transfer of crypto-assets in situations where compliance with data protection requirements for the transfer of personal data to third countries cannot be ensured.

Documents
2023/04/19
   EP - Debate in Parliament
2022/10/09
   EP - Approval in committee of the text agreed at 1st reading interinstitutional negotiations
2022/10/05
   CSL - Coreper letter confirming interinstitutional agreement
2022/10/05
   EP - Text agreed during interinstitutional negotiations
Documents
2022/04/06
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, 1st reading/single reading
Documents
2022/04/06
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, 1st reading
Documents
2022/04/06
   EP - Committee decision to enter into interinstitutional negotiations confirmed by plenary (Rule 71)
2022/04/04
   EP - Committee decision to enter into interinstitutional negotiations announced in plenary (Rule 71)
2022/03/31
   EP - Vote in committee, 1st reading
2022/03/31
   EP - Committee decision to open interinstitutional negotiations with report adopted in committee
2022/03/08
   EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2022/03/02
   EP - Specific opinion
Documents
2022/02/09
   EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2022/01/02
   CZ_SENATE - Contribution
Documents
2021/12/16
   EP - Referral to joint committee announced in Parliament
2021/12/08
   ESC - Economic and Social Committee: opinion, report
Documents
2021/11/30
   ECB - European Central Bank: opinion, guideline, report
2021/11/25
   EP - URTASUN Ernest (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in ['ECON', 'LIBE']
2021/11/25
   EP - KANKO Assita (ECR) appointed as rapporteur in ['ECON', 'LIBE']
2021/11/21
   ES_PARLIAMENT - Contribution
Documents
2021/10/04
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading
2021/09/22
   EDPS - Document attached to the procedure
Documents
2021/07/20
   EC - Legislative proposal published
Details

PURPOSE: to extend the scope of Regulation 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of funds to include transfers of crypto-assets made by Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs).

PROPOSED ACT: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.

ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: the European Parliament decides in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and on an equal footing with the Council.

BACKGROUND: until now, transfers of virtual assets, such as Bitcoins, have remained outside of the scope of EU legislation on financial services, exposing holders of crypto-assets to money laundering and financing of terrorism risks, as flows of illicit money can be done through transfers of crypto-assets and damage the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector. Money laundering, terrorist financing and organised crime remain significant problems which should be addressed at Union level.

Given that virtual assets transfers are subject to similar money laundering and terrorist financing risks as wire funds transfers, it is logical to use the same legislative instrument to address these common issues. Regulation (EU) 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of funds

must therefore now be complemented to also cover virtual assets transfers adequately. Since further significative amendments are to be made to reach this goal, Regulation (EU) 2015/847 should now be recasted in the interests of maintaining its clarity.

The EU’s Security Union Strategy for 2020-2025 highlighted the importance of enhancing the EU’s framework for anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing in order to protect Europeans from terrorism and organised crime.

Furthermore, on 20 July 2021, the European Commission presented an ambitious package of legislative proposals to strengthen the EU’s anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) rules. It is part of the Commission’s commitment to protect EU citizens and the EU's financial system from money laundering and terrorist financing. The aim is to improve the detection of suspicious transactions and activities, and close loopholes used by criminals to launder illicit proceeds or finance terrorist activities through the financial system.

CONTENT: the proposed Regulation aims to extend the scope of Regulation 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of fund to include full transparency and traceability of transfers of crypto-assets made by Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs) in addition to the current provisions on transfer of funds. It lays down rules on the information on payers and payees, accompanying transfers of funds, in any currency, and the information on originators and beneficiaries, accompanying transfers of crypto-assets, for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating money laundering and terrorist financing, where at least one of the payment or crypto-asset service providers involved in the transfer of funds or crypto-assets is established in the EU.

The requirements of this regulation apply to CASPs whenever their transactions, whether in fiat currency or a crypto-asset, involve:

- a traditional wire transfer, or;

- a crypto-asset transfer between a CASP and another obliged entity (e.g, between two CASPs or between a CASP and another obliged entity, such as a bank or other financial institution).

New obligations on crypto-asset service providers

The proposal provides for new obligations concerning the origin of transfers. Service provider exchanging crypto on behalf of a customer would have to record their name, address, date of birth and account number , as well as the name of the intended recipient of the transfer. The crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary must implement effective procedures to detect whether the information on the originator is included in, or follows, the transfer of crypto-assets. The crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary must also implement effective procedures, including, where appropriate, ex-post monitoring or real-time monitoring, in order to detect whether the required information on the originator or the beneficiary is missing.

Documents

Votes

Informations accompagnant les transferts de fonds et certains crypto-actifs (refonte) - Information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast) - Übermittlung von Angaben bei Geldtransfers und Transfers bestimmter Kryptowerte (Neufassung) - A9-0081/2022 - Ernest Urtasun, Assita Kanko - Accord provisoire - Am 2 #

2023/04/20 Outcome: +: 529, -: 29, 0: 14
FR DE IT ES PL NL HU RO BE SE PT DK AT IE BG FI CZ SK HR LT LV SI LU EE MT EL ?? CY
Total
68
81
59
53
42
28
19
21
18
19
15
14
16
12
10
10
18
12
12
8
6
6
6
5
3
7
1
3
icon: PPE PPE
137

Denmark PPE

For (1)

1

Finland PPE

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1

Latvia PPE

2

Slovenia PPE

3

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2

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1

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For (1)

1

Greece PPE

2

PPE

1
icon: S&D S&D
113

Belgium S&D

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1

Bulgaria S&D

2

Czechia S&D

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1

Lithuania S&D

2

Latvia S&D

2

Slovenia S&D

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1

Luxembourg S&D

For (1)

1

Estonia S&D

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1

Malta S&D

2

Cyprus S&D

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1
icon: Renew Renew
87

Italy Renew

For (1)

1

Poland Renew

1

Hungary Renew

2
3

Austria Renew

For (1)

1

Ireland Renew

For (1)

1

Bulgaria Renew

2

Finland Renew

2

Croatia Renew

For (1)

1

Lithuania Renew

1

Latvia Renew

For (1)

1

Slovenia Renew

2

Luxembourg Renew

2

Estonia Renew

2

Greece Renew

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
62

Italy Verts/ALE

3

Poland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Romania Verts/ALE

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

2

Sweden Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Portugal Verts/ALE

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Ireland Verts/ALE

2

Finland Verts/ALE

2

Czechia Verts/ALE

3

Lithuania Verts/ALE

1

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1
icon: ECR ECR
56

Germany ECR

1

Netherlands ECR

4

Romania ECR

Against (1)

1

Sweden ECR

For (1)

3

Bulgaria ECR

1

Slovakia ECR

Abstain (1)

1

Croatia ECR

1

Lithuania ECR

1
icon: ID ID
54

Denmark ID

Abstain (1)

1

Austria ID

Against (2)

2

Czechia ID

Against (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Estonia ID

Abstain (1)

1
icon: The Left The Left
28

Germany The Left

2

Netherlands The Left

For (1)

1

Belgium The Left

For (1)

1

Sweden The Left

For (1)

1

Portugal The Left

For (1)

3

Denmark The Left

1

Finland The Left

For (1)

1

Czechia The Left

1

Greece The Left

1

Cyprus The Left

2
icon: NI NI
35

France NI

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Germany NI

Against (1)

2

Netherlands NI

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1

Slovakia NI

Against (1)

1

Croatia NI

2

Latvia NI

1
AmendmentsDossier
261 2021/0241(COD)
2022/03/03 ECON, LIBE 261 amendments...
source: 719.852

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

docs/10
date
2023-07-05T00:00:00
docs
url: /oeil/spdoc.do?i=57963&j=0&l=en title: SP(2023)260
type
Commission response to text adopted in plenary
body
EC
events/10
date
2023-04-20T00:00:00
type
Results of vote in Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/sda.do?id=57963&l=en title: Results of vote in Parliament
events/13
date
2023-06-09T00:00:00
type
Final act published in Official Journal
docs
events/14
date
2023-06-09T00:00:00
type
Final act published in Official Journal
docs
events/14/summary
  • PURPOSE: to fight money laundering and the financing of terrorism, including by implementing international standards and by ensuring the availability of basic information on payers and payees of transfer of funds, and on originators and beneficiaries of transfers of crypto-assets.
  • LEGISLATIVE ACT: Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets and amending Directive (EU) 2015/849.
  • CONTENT: this Regulation updates the rules on information accompanying transfers of funds by extending the scope of these rules to transfers of crypto-assets.
  • Under the new rules, the crypto asset service providers are obliged to collect and make accessible certain information about the originator and the beneficiary of the transfers of crypto assets they operate. This is what payment service providers currently do for wire transfers. It will ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers in order to be able to better identify possible suspicious transactions and block them. The new agreement will enable the EU to deal with the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing linked to these new technologies, while reconciling competitiveness, consumer and investor protection, and the protection of the financial integrity of the internal market.
  • The introduction of this ‘travel rule’ will ensure financial transparency on exchanges in crypto-assets and will provide the EU with a solid and proportional framework that complies with the most demanding international standards on the exchange of crypto-assets, in particular recommendations 15 and 16 of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
  • Scope
  • This Regulation will apply to transfers of funds, in any currency, which are sent or received by a payment service provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union. It will also apply to transfers of crypto-assets, including transfers of crypto-assets executed by means of crypto-ATMs, where the crypto-asset service provider, or the intermediary crypto-asset service provider, of either the originator or the beneficiary has its registered office in the Union.
  • Given the role of crypto-ATMs in providing or actively facilitating transfers of crypto-assets, transfers of crypto-assets linked to crypto-ATMs should fall under the scope of this Regulation.
  • Ensuring traceability of crypto-asset transfers
  • In practical terms, the aim of this recast is to impose an obligation on crypto-asset service providers to collect and make accessible certain data on the originator and beneficiary of the crypto-asset transfers they process.
  • The Regulation provides for a system imposing an obligation on payment service providers to ensure that fund transfers are accompanied by information on the originator and beneficiary of funds and imposing an obligation on crypto-asset service providers to ensure that crypto-asset transfers are accompanied by information on the originator and beneficiary of crypto-assets.
  • Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers will ensure that information on the originator and beneficiary of funds or on the originator and beneficiary of crypto-assets is not missing or incomplete.
  • It is intended to require verification of the accuracy of the information on the originator or beneficiary of funds only for individual transfers of funds that exceed EUR 1 000, unless the transfer appears to be linked to other transfers of funds that cumulatively exceed EUR 1 000, whether the funds were received or paid in cash or in the form of anonymous electronic money, or where there are reasonable grounds to suspect money laundering or terrorist financing.
  • Self-hosted wallets
  • There are specific requirements for transfers of crypto-assets between crypto-asset service providers and self-hosted wallets. In the case of a transfer of an amount exceeding EUR 1 000 that is sent or received on behalf of a client of a crypto-asset service provider to or from a self-hosted address, that crypto-asset service provider should verify whether that self-hosted address is effectively owned or controlled by that client.
  • Policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures
  • Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers will be required to have policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures at EU and national level when transferring funds and crypto-assets under the Regulation.
  • Data protection
  • Regarding data protection, it is expected that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will remain applicable to transfers of funds, and that no separate data protection regulations will be introduced.
  • Given the urgency to ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers and chose to align the timetable for application of this regulation with that of the markets in crypto assets (MiCA) regulation.
  • ENTRY INTO FORCE: 29.6.2023.
  • APPLICATION: from 30.12.2024.
events/13
date
2023-06-09T00:00:00
type
Final act published in Official Journal
docs
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title
Regulation 2023/1113
url
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CSL
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docs/9
date
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title: 00053/2022/LEX
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docs/9
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docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2023-0118_EN.html title: T9-0118/2023
type
Text adopted by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
body
EP
events/10/summary
  • The European Parliament adopted by 529 votes to 29, with 14 abstentions, a legislative resolution on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast).
  • The European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure amends the Commission's proposal as follows:
  • Ensuring traceability of transfers of crypto-assets
  • The aim of this recast is to introduce an obligation for crypto asset service providers to collect and make accessible certain information about the originator and the beneficiary of the transfers of crypto assets they operate.
  • In order to ensure the transmission of information throughout the payment chain or the transfer of crypto-assets chain, the Regulation provides for a system imposing the obligation on payment service providers to accompany transfers of funds with information on the payer and the payee and the obligation on crypto-asset service providers to accompany transfers of crypto-assets with information on the originator and the beneficiary.
  • This will ensure traceability of crypto-asset transfers in order to be able to better identify possible suspicious transactions and block them.
  • The introduction of this ‘travel rule’ will ensure financial transparency on exchanges in crypto-assets and will provide the EU with a solid and proportional framework that complies with the most demanding international standards on the exchange of crypto-assets, in particular the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog.
  • This Regulation should apply to transfers of funds, in any currency , which are sent or received by a payment service provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union. It should also apply to transfers of crypto-assets, including transfers of crypto-assets executed by means of crypto-ATMs, where the crypto-asset service provider, or the intermediary crypto-asset service provider, of either the originator or the beneficiary has its registered office in the Union.
  • This Regulation should not apply to a transfer of crypto-assets if any of the following conditions is met: (a) both the originator and the beneficiary are crypto-asset service providers acting on their own behalf; (b) the transfer constitutes a person-to-person transfer of crypto-assets carried out without the involvement of a crypto-asset service provider.
  • Self-hosted address
  • There will be specific requirements for crypto-asset transfers between crypto-asset service providers and un-hosted wallets.
  • The requirements set out in the Regulation should apply to all transfers including transfers of crypto-assets to or from a self-hosted address, as long as there is a crypto-asset service provider involved.
  • In the case of a transfer to or from a self-hosted address, the crypto-asset service provider should collect the information on both the originator and the beneficiary, usually from its client. A crypto-asset service provider should in principle not be required to verify the information on the user of the self-hosted address. Nonetheless, in the case of a transfer of an amount exceeding EUR 1 000 that is sent or received on behalf of a client of a crypto-asset service provider to or from a self-hosted address, that crypto-asset service provider should verify whether that self-hosted address is effectively owned or controlled by that client.
  • The Commission should assess, no later than 18 months after the date of application of the Regulation, the need for additional specific measures to mitigate the risks posed by transfers to or from self-hosted addresses or to or from entities not established in the Union, including the introduction of possible restrictions, and should assess the effectiveness and proportionality of the mechanisms used to verify the accuracy of information concerning the ownership of self-hosted addresses.
  • Obligations on intermediary crypto-asset service providers
  • Intermediary crypto-asset service providers should:
  • - ensure that all the information received on the originator and the beneficiary that accompanies a transfer of crypto-assets is transmitted with the transfer and that records of such information are retained and made available on request to the competent authorities;
  • - implement effective procedures, including, where appropriate, monitoring after or during the transfers, in order to detect whether the information on the originator or the beneficiary has been submitted previously, simultaneously or concurrently with the transfer or batch file transfer of crypto-assets, including where the transfer is made to or from a self-hosted address;
  • - establish effective risk-based procedures, including procedures based on the risk-sensitive basis, for determining whether to execute, reject, return or suspend a transfer of crypto-assets lacking the required information on the originator and the beneficiary and for taking the appropriate follow up action.
  • Policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of restrictive measures
  • Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should have policies, procedures and internal controls to ensure the implementation of EU and national restrictive measures when transferring funds and crypto-assets under the Regulation.
  • Data protection
  • Regarding data protection, it is expected that the general data protection regulation (GDPR) remains applicable to transfers of funds, and that no separate data protection rules will be set up.
  • The European Data Protection Board should, after consulting EBA, issue guidelines on the practical implementation of data protection requirements for transfers of personal data to third countries in the context of transfers of crypto-assets. EBA should issue guidelines on suitable procedures for determining whether to execute, reject, return or suspend a transfer of crypto-assets in situations where compliance with data protection requirements for the transfer of personal data to third countries cannot be ensured.
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  • The Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs jointly adopted the report by Ernest URTASUN (Greens/EFA, ES) and Assita KANKO (ECR, BE) on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast).
  • Currently, there are no rules in the EU allowing crypto-asset transfers to be traced and providing information on the originator/beneficiary of such crypto-asset transfers. Therefore, a loophole has been created enabling the use of crypto-assets to facilitate, fund and hide criminal activities and launder proceeds, since illicit flows can move easily and anonymously without any geographical limitations across jurisdictions, with a better chance of remaining unhindered and undetected.
  • The recast proposal intends to close this loophole by extending the current regime applied to wire transfers to transfers of crypto-assets .
  • The committee responsible recommended that the European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure should amend the proposal as follows:
  • Scope
  • The Regulation will apply to transfers of funds, irrespective of currency, or of crypto-assets, which are sent or received by a payment service provider, a crypto-asset transfer provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union.
  • The Regulation should not apply to providers of ancillary infrastructure that enables another entity to provide services related to the transfer of crypto-assets. It should not apply to transfers of crypto-assets that fulfil any of the following conditions: (i) both the originator and the beneficiary are providers of crypto-asset transfers acting on their own behalf; (ii) the transfers constitute person-to-person transfers of crypto-assets carried out without the involvement of a provider of crypto-asset transfers or obliged entity.
  • Increased transparency of information accompanying transfers of crypto-assets
  • Members suggested that transfers of crypto-assets should be accompanied by information on the originator such as inter alia: (i) the name of the originator; (ii) the originator’s wallet address, where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology, and the crypto-asset account of the originator, where an account is used to process the transaction; (iii) the originator’s crypto-asset account, where a transfer of crypto-assets is not registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology; (iv) the originator’s address, country, official personal document number, customer identification number or date and place of birth.
  • Moreover, the following information on the beneficiary should be provided: (i) the name of the beneficiary; (ii) the beneficiary’s wallet address, where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology, and the beneficiary’s crypto-asset account, where such an account exists and is used to process the transaction; (iii) the beneficiary’s crypto-asset account, where a transfer of crypto-assets is not registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology.
  • Unique transaction identifier
  • In the case of a transfer not made from or to an account, the provider of crypto-asset transfers of the originator should ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets is accompanied by a unique transaction identifier and record the originator and beneficiary address identifiers on the distributed ledger . To that end, providers of crypto-asset transfers should rely on suitable tools, including innovative technological solutions, to ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets can be individually identified.
  • In particular crypto-asset service providers should establish effective procedures to detect suspicious crypto-assets, in particular any link with illegal activities, including fraud, extortion, ransomware or darknet marketplaces, or whether the crypto-asset has passed through mixers or tumblers or other anonymizing services.
  • Unhosted wallet
  • Where there is a transfer of crypto-assets from an unhosted wallet, the provider of crypto-asset transfers of the beneficiary should collect and retain the relevant information from its customer, verify the accuracy of that information, make such information available to competent authorities upon request, and ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets can be individually identified.
  • For transfers of crypto-assets from unhosted wallets which are already verified and have a known originator, providers of crypto-asset transfers should not be required to verify the information of the originator accompanying each transfer of crypto-assets.
  • The provider of crypto-asset transfers should maintain a record of all transfers of crypto-assets from unhosted wallets and notify the competent authority of any customer having received an amount of EUR 1 000 or more from unhosted wallets.
  • Specific high-risk factors in relation to transfers of crypto-assets
  • Providers of crypto-asset transfers should refrain from executing or facilitating transfers associated with a high risk of money-laundering, terrorist financing and other criminal activities.
  • The provider of crypto-asset transfers should also determine on a risk sensitive basis whether to reject any future transfers of crypto-assets from or to, or restrict or terminate its business relationship with, a provider of crypto-asset transfers associated with a high risk of money-laundering, terrorist financing and other criminal activities.
  • Public register of non-compliant crypto-asset service providers
  • In order to facilitate the identification of illicit actors that pose a great risk from a AML/CFT perspective, the European Banking Authority (EBA) should maintain a public register of non-compliant crypto-asset service providers , consisting of entities which cannot be linked to any recognised jurisdictions, do not apply any identification measures on their customer and offer anonymising services, given their role in undermining the effectiveness of AML/CFT systems and controls.
  • Increased speed of adoption
  • Lastly, Members stressed that in order to speed up its adoption and ensure that crypto-asset service providers and other obliged entities put in place effective mechanisms to comply with the travel rule for combatting money laundering and terrorism financing, the current recast proposal should be decoupled from the rest of the new AML package and should be linked to the existing AMLD framework until the entry into force of the new regime, while preserving the alignment with the upcoming Regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets [MiCA].
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  • The Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs jointly adopted the report by Ernest URTASUN (Greens/EFA, ES) and Assita KANKO (ECR, BE) on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast).
  • Currently, there are no rules in the EU allowing crypto-asset transfers to be traced and providing information on the originator/beneficiary of such crypto-asset transfers. Therefore, a loophole has been created enabling the use of crypto-assets to facilitate, fund and hide criminal activities and launder proceeds, since illicit flows can move easily and anonymously without any geographical limitations across jurisdictions, with a better chance of remaining unhindered and undetected.
  • The recast proposal intends to close this loophole by extending the current regime applied to wire transfers to transfers of crypto-assets .
  • The committee responsible recommended that the European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure should amend the proposal as follows:
  • Scope
  • The Regulation will apply to transfers of funds, irrespective of currency, or of crypto-assets, which are sent or received by a payment service provider, a crypto-asset transfer provider or an intermediary payment service provider established in the Union.
  • The Regulation should not apply to providers of ancillary infrastructure that enables another entity to provide services related to the transfer of crypto-assets. It should not apply to transfers of crypto-assets that fulfil any of the following conditions: (i) both the originator and the beneficiary are providers of crypto-asset transfers acting on their own behalf; (ii) the transfers constitute person-to-person transfers of crypto-assets carried out without the involvement of a provider of crypto-asset transfers or obliged entity.
  • Increased transparency of information accompanying transfers of crypto-assets
  • Members suggested that transfers of crypto-assets should be accompanied by information on the originator such as inter alia: (i) the name of the originator; (ii) the originator’s wallet address, where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology, and the crypto-asset account of the originator, where an account is used to process the transaction; (iii) the originator’s crypto-asset account, where a transfer of crypto-assets is not registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology; (iv) the originator’s address, country, official personal document number, customer identification number or date and place of birth.
  • Moreover, the following information on the beneficiary should be provided: (i) the name of the beneficiary; (ii) the beneficiary’s wallet address, where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology, and the beneficiary’s crypto-asset account, where such an account exists and is used to process the transaction; (iii) the beneficiary’s crypto-asset account, where a transfer of crypto-assets is not registered on a network using distributed ledger technology or similar technology.
  • Unique transaction identifier
  • In the case of a transfer not made from or to an account, the provider of crypto-asset transfers of the originator should ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets is accompanied by a unique transaction identifier and record the originator and beneficiary address identifiers on the distributed ledger . To that end, providers of crypto-asset transfers should rely on suitable tools, including innovative technological solutions, to ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets can be individually identified.
  • In particular crypto-asset service providers should establish effective procedures to detect suspicious crypto-assets, in particular any link with illegal activities, including fraud, extortion, ransomware or darknet marketplaces, or whether the crypto-asset has passed through mixers or tumblers or other anonymizing services.
  • Unhosted wallet
  • Where there is a transfer of crypto-assets from an unhosted wallet, the provider of crypto-asset transfers of the beneficiary should collect and retain the relevant information from its customer, verify the accuracy of that information, make such information available to competent authorities upon request, and ensure that the transfer of crypto-assets can be individually identified.
  • For transfers of crypto-assets from unhosted wallets which are already verified and have a known originator, providers of crypto-asset transfers should not be required to verify the information of the originator accompanying each transfer of crypto-assets.
  • The provider of crypto-asset transfers should maintain a record of all transfers of crypto-assets from unhosted wallets and notify the competent authority of any customer having received an amount of EUR 1 000 or more from unhosted wallets.
  • Specific high-risk factors in relation to transfers of crypto-assets
  • Providers of crypto-asset transfers should refrain from executing or facilitating transfers associated with a high risk of money-laundering, terrorist financing and other criminal activities.
  • The provider of crypto-asset transfers should also determine on a risk sensitive basis whether to reject any future transfers of crypto-assets from or to, or restrict or terminate its business relationship with, a provider of crypto-asset transfers associated with a high risk of money-laundering, terrorist financing and other criminal activities.
  • Public register of non-compliant crypto-asset service providers
  • In order to facilitate the identification of illicit actors that pose a great risk from a AML/CFT perspective, the European Banking Authority (EBA) should maintain a public register of non-compliant crypto-asset service providers , consisting of entities which cannot be linked to any recognised jurisdictions, do not apply any identification measures on their customer and offer anonymising services, given their role in undermining the effectiveness of AML/CFT systems and controls.
  • Increased speed of adoption
  • Lastly, Members stressed that in order to speed up its adoption and ensure that crypto-asset service providers and other obliged entities put in place effective mechanisms to comply with the travel rule for combatting money laundering and terrorism financing, the current recast proposal should be decoupled from the rest of the new AML package and should be linked to the existing AMLD framework until the entry into force of the new regime, while preserving the alignment with the upcoming Regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets [MiCA].
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  • PURPOSE: to extend the scope of Regulation 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of funds to include transfers of crypto-assets made by Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs).
  • PROPOSED ACT: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.
  • ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: the European Parliament decides in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and on an equal footing with the Council.
  • BACKGROUND: until now, transfers of virtual assets, such as Bitcoins, have remained outside of the scope of EU legislation on financial services, exposing holders of crypto-assets to money laundering and financing of terrorism risks, as flows of illicit money can be done through transfers of crypto-assets and damage the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector. Money laundering, terrorist financing and organised crime remain significant problems which should be addressed at Union level.
  • Given that virtual assets transfers are subject to similar money laundering and terrorist financing risks as wire funds transfers, it is logical to use the same legislative instrument to address these common issues. Regulation (EU) 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of funds
  • must therefore now be complemented to also cover virtual assets transfers adequately. Since further significative amendments are to be made to reach this goal, Regulation (EU) 2015/847 should now be recasted in the interests of maintaining its clarity.
  • The EU’s Security Union Strategy for 2020-2025 highlighted the importance of enhancing the EU’s framework for anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing in order to protect Europeans from terrorism and organised crime.
  • Furthermore, on 20 July 2021, the European Commission presented an ambitious package of legislative proposals to strengthen the EU’s anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) rules. It is part of the Commission’s commitment to protect EU citizens and the EU's financial system from money laundering and terrorist financing. The aim is to improve the detection of suspicious transactions and activities, and close loopholes used by criminals to launder illicit proceeds or finance terrorist activities through the financial system.
  • CONTENT: the proposed Regulation aims to extend the scope of Regulation 2015/847 on information accompanying transfers of fund to include full transparency and traceability of transfers of crypto-assets made by Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs) in addition to the current provisions on transfer of funds. It lays down rules on the information on payers and payees, accompanying transfers of funds, in any currency, and the information on originators and beneficiaries, accompanying transfers of crypto-assets, for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating money laundering and terrorist financing, where at least one of the payment or crypto-asset service providers involved in the transfer of funds or crypto-assets is established in the EU.
  • The requirements of this regulation apply to CASPs whenever their transactions, whether in fiat currency or a crypto-asset, involve:
  • - a traditional wire transfer, or;
  • - a crypto-asset transfer between a CASP and another obliged entity (e.g, between two CASPs or between a CASP and another obliged entity, such as a bank or other financial institution).
  • New obligations on crypto-asset service providers
  • The proposal provides for new obligations concerning the origin of transfers. Service provider exchanging crypto on behalf of a customer would have to record their name, address, date of birth and account number , as well as the name of the intended recipient of the transfer. The crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary must implement effective procedures to detect whether the information on the originator is included in, or follows, the transfer of crypto-assets. The crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary must also implement effective procedures, including, where appropriate, ex-post monitoring or real-time monitoring, in order to detect whether the required information on the originator or the beneficiary is missing.