Activities of Kent JOHANSSON related to 2011/0401(COD)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing Horizon 2020 - The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) PDF (2 MB) DOC (4 MB)
Shadow opinions (2)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing Horizon 2020 - The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing Horizon 2020 - The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020)
Amendments (134)
Amendment 18 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 14 – point b
Annex I – paragraph 14 – point b
(b) Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime research, and the bio- economy;
Amendment 24 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23
Recital 23
(23) The activities developed under Horizon 2020 should aim at promoting equality between men and women in research and innovation, by addressing in particular the underlying causes of gender imbalance, by exploiting the full potential of both female and male researchers, addressing in particular underlying causes of gender imbalance and by integrating the gender dimension into the content, implementation and evaluation of projects in order to improve the quality of research and stimulate innovation. Activities should also aim at the implementation of the principles relating to the equality between women and men as laid down in Articles 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union and Article 8 TFEU.
Amendment 27 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part II – point 1 – point 1.4.3 – point b – introductory part
Annex I – Part II – point 1 – point 1.4.3 – point b – introductory part
(b) Biotechnology-based industrialproducts and processes
Amendment 30 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
A gender perspective should be fully integrated in the rules for participation and dissemination of 'Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020)'.
Amendment 36 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 1
Annex I – Part III – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 1
Effective health promotion, supported by a robust evidence base, prevents disease, improves wellbeing and is cost effective. Health promotion and disease prevention also depend on an understanding of the determinants of health, including the link between human and animal health, on effective preventive tools, such as vaccines, on effective health and disease surveillance and preparedness, and on effective screening programmes, also covering the use of antibiotics in animals.
Amendment 36 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 12 – paragraph 1
Article 12 – paragraph 1
1. For the implementation of Horizon 2020, account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by: advisory groups of independent, high level experts set up by the Commission; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements; forward looking activities; targeted public consultations; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported. The composition of the advisory boards shall seek gender balance.
Amendment 37 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – title
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – title
2. Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime research and the bio- economy
Amendment 38 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.1 – paragraph 1
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.1 – paragraph 1
The specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio-based products, by developing productive and resource- efficient primary production systems, fostering related ecosystem services, along side competitive and low carbon supply chains. This will accelerate the transition to a sustainable competitive European bio- economy.
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.1 – paragraph 2
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.1 – paragraph 2
Over the coming decades, Europe will be challenged by increased competition for limited and finite natural resources (in particular water, land, and fossil carbon sources), by the effects of climate change, in particular on primary production systems (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture) and by the need to provide a sustainable, safe and secure food and drinking-water supply for the European and an increasing global population. A 70 % increase of the world food supply is estimated to be required to feed the 9 billion global population by 2050. Agriculture accounts for about 10 % of Union greenhouse gases emissions, and while declining in Europe, mainly due to innovation in production efficiency techniques and reduced numbers in livestock in some areas, global emissions from agriculture are projected to increase up to 20 % by 2030. Furthermore, Europe will need to ensure sufficient supplies of raw materials, energy and industrial products, under conditions of decreasing fossil carbon resources (oil and liquid gas production expected to decrease by about 60 % by 2050), while maintaining its competitiveness. Bio-waste (estimated at up to 138 million tonnes per year in the Union, of which up to 40 % is land-filled) represents a huge problem and cost, despite its high potential added value. For example, an estimated 30 % of all food produced in developed countries is discarded. Major changes are needed to reduce this amount by 50 % in the Union by 2030from primary production to final consumption points along the whole food supply-chain are needed to reduce this amount by 50 % in the Union by 2030, and further initiatives are needed to turn agricultural bio-waste into an asset. In addition, national borders are irrelevant in the spread of animal and plant pests and diseases, including zoonotic diseases, and food borne pathogens. While effective national prevention measures are needed, action at Union level is essential for ultimate control and the effective running of the single market. The challenge is complex, affects a broad range of interconnected sectors and requires further inter-sector synergies and a plurality of approaches.
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 13 – paragraph 1
Article 13 – paragraph 1
1. Linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of Horizon 2020. Particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies, to bridging from discovery to market application, to cross-disciplinary research and innovation, broad collaboration between research, public authorities, civil society and business, to social and economic sciences and humanities, to fostering the functioning and achievement of the ERA, to cooperation with third countries, to responsible research and innovation including gender, and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession among women and men, and to facilitating cross-border and cross- sector mobility of researchers.
Amendment 46 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a – introductory part
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a – introductory part
(a) Sustainable and competitive agriculture and forestry
Amendment 48 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a
The aim is to supply sufficient food, feed, biomass and other raw-materials, while safeguarding natural resources and enhancing ecosystems services, including coping with and mitigating climate change. The activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture and forestry systems which are both resource- efficient (including nutrient and energy efficiency and low-carbon targets) and resilient, while at the same time developing of services, concepts and policies for thriving rural livelihoods and rural innovative SMEs. Knowledge development capacity and innovation transfers in agriculture shall aim at reversing the continuous decrease of the yield growth potential in Europe, and create a virtuous cycle towards achieving a sustainable intensification of Union agriculture production.
Amendment 48 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Horizon 2020 shall ensure the effective promotion of gender equality and the gender dimension in research and innovation contentbalance and dimensions in research and innovation content, implementation and evaluation. Gender balance shall be promoted in all programmes, in evaluation committees, in expert and advisory groups and decision making bodies created for its implementation. To this end, targets will be developed, and appropriate actions designed to reach those targets.
Amendment 52 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Where relevant, a gender dimension shall be ensured in research and innovation projects, especially regarding services and products to end-users, in content at all stages of the process, including priority setting, definition of calls for proposals, evaluation and monitoring of programs and projects, negotiations and agreements.
Amendment 54 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point d
Annex I – Part III – point 2 – point 2.3 – point d
The aim is the promotion of low carbon, resource efficient, sustainable and competitive European bio-based industrie (including nutrient, energy, carbon, water and soil use efficiency), sustainable and competitive European bio-based industries, while making bio-waste an asset used at its full potential. It is vital to create a closed circuit between urban and rural areas. The activities shall focus on fostering the bio-economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio- based resource and energy efficient ones, the development of integrated second and third generation biorefineries, utilising biomass from primaand other residues from primary agricultural and forestry production, biowaste and bio- based industry by- products, and opening new marketthrough efficient transformation of bio-waste in urban areas into agricultural inputs. This will foster new markets and create potential new revenue streams for primary producers through supporting standardisation, certification schemes, regulatory and demonstration/field trial activities and others, while taking into account the implication of the bio-economy on land use and land use changes.
Amendment 57 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Part IV – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – introductory part
Annex I – Part IV – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – introductory part
(b) Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime research and the bio- economy
Amendment 57 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. Horizon 2020 shall contribute to the strengthening of public-public partnerships, including civil society, where actions at regional, national or international level are jointly implemented within the Union.
Amendment 60 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 22 – paragraph 2
Article 22 – paragraph 2
Activities to disseminate information and carry out communication activities shall be an integral task under all of the actions supported by Horizon 2020. All disseminated information and communication activities shall include a gender dimension and be preceded by a gender analysis.
Amendment 72 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 26 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) Not later than end 2017, and taking into account the ex-post evaluation of the Seventh Framework Programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the Commission shall carry out, with the assistance of independent experts, an interim evaluation of Horizon 2020, its specific programme, including the European Research Council, and the activities of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, on the achievements (at the level of results and progress towards impacts) of the objectives of Horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures, the efficiency and use of resources, the scope for further simplification, and Union added value. That evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions, for SMEs and for promoting gender balance. In addition, the evaluation should take into account achieved gender balance in decision-making bodies, committees and advisory boards, gender dimension in processes, participation and allocation of resources. That evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the Union priorities of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long- term impact of the predecessor measures.
Amendment 96 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 1 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 2
Annex I – section 1 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 2
ERC funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well- established principles. Scientific excellence shall be the sole criterion on which ERC grants are awarded. The ERC shall operate on a ‘bottom-up’ basis without predetermined priorities. The ERC grants shall be open to individual teams of researchers of any age, gender and from any country in the world, working in Europe. And the ERC shall aim to foster healthy competition across Europe.
Amendment 98 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 1 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 6
Annex I – section 1 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 6
The ERC's Scientific Council shall continuously monitor the ERC's operations and consider how best to achieve its objectives by means of grant schemes that emphasise clarity, stability and simplicity, both for applicants and in their implementation and management, and, as necessary, to respond to emerging needs. It shall endeavour to sustain and further refine the ERC's world-class peer-review system which is based on transparent, fair and impartial treatment of proposals so that it can identify ground-breaking scientific excellence and talent regardless of a researcher's gender, nationality or age. Finally, the ERC shall continue conducting its own strategic studies to prepare for and support its activities, maintain close contacts with the scientific community and other stakeholders and look to make its activities complement research conducted at other levels. The Council shall seek gender balance in its composition.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 1 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2
Annex I – section 1 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2
Key activities shall be to provide excellent and innovative training to early-stage researchers at post-graduate level via interdisciplinary projects or doctoral programmes involving universities, research institutions, businesses, SMEs and other socio-economic groups from different countries. This will improve career prospects for young post-graduate researchers in both the public and private sectors. Special attention should be given to gender balance regarding participation.
Amendment 103 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 1 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 2
Annex I – section 1 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 2
Key activities shall be, with the aid of a co- funding mechanism, to encourage regional, national and international organisations to create new programmes and to open existing ones to international and intersectoral training, mobility and career development. This will increase the quality of research training in Europe at all career stages, including at doctoral level, will foster free circulation of researchers and scientific knowledge in Europe, will promote attractive research careers by offering open recruitment and attractive working conditions and will support research and innovation cooperation between universities, research institutions and enterprises and cooperation with third countries and international organisations. Special attention should be given to gender balance regarding participation.
Amendment 109 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 4
Annex I – section 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 4
All of these activities shall be undertaken in such a way as to provide support throughout the research and innovation cycle, strengthening the competitiveness of the European based industries and development of new market opportunities. Special attention shall be given broad cooperation between public authorities, research, civil society and business.
Amendment 110 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 5
Annex I – section 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 5
Specific activities shall include: understanding the determinants of health (including environmental and climate related factors), improving health promotion and disease prevention; understanding disease and improving diagnosis; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility; improving surveillance and preparedness; developing better preventive vaccines; using in-silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction; treating disease; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions; better use of health data; active ageing, independent and assisted living; individual empowerment for self-management of health; promotion of integrated care; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice, and innovative technologies and approaches. A gender dimension should be integrated in the activities described above and should be preceded by a gender analysis.
Amendment 112 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 4 – point 4.3 – point b – paragraph 2
Annex I – section 3 – point 4 – point 4.3 – point b – paragraph 2
The focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion, improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door-to-door transport and logistics; to enhance inter-modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats. A gender dimension should be integrated in the activities described above and should be preceded by a gender analysis.
Amendment 115 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Annex I – section 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point a – paragraph 1
The aim is to develop and assess innovative, cost-effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures, targeting both CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and underlining both technological and non-technological green solutions, through the generation of evidence for informed, early and effective action and the networking of the required competences. Activities shall focus on: improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections; assessing impacts, vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost-effective adaptation and risk prevention measures; supporting mitigation policies. A gender dimension should be integrated in the activities described above and should be preceded by a gender analysis.
Amendment 121 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.2 – paragraph 1
Annex I – section 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.2 – paragraph 1
The aim is to foster the development of innovative societies and policies in Europe through the engagement of citizens, civil society, enterprises and users in research and innovation and the promotion of coordinated research and innovation policies in the context of globalisation. Particular support will be provided for the development of the ERA and the development of framework conditions for innovation.
Amendment 122 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.2 – paragraph 2 – point c
Annex I – section 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.2 – paragraph 2 – point c
(c) ensure societal engagement and participation in research and innovation;
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – section 5 – point 3 – point c – paragraph 1
Annex I – section 5 – point 3 – point c – paragraph 1
The EIT shall fully integrate education and training at all stages of careers and develop new and innovative curricula to reflect the need for new profiles engendered by complex societal and economic challenges. A gender dimension shall be integrated in the analysis of needs for new profiles. To this end, the EIT will play a key role in encouraging recognition of new degrees and diplomas in Member States.
Amendment 249 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
(11a) In order to ensure the appropriate balance between consensus-based and more disruptive R&D&I, at least 35% of the budget of the societal challenges and industrial leadership should follow a bottom-up logic, establishing open calls without predefined call topics, open to all types of participants. Furthermore, the right balance should be struck within the societal challenges and the enabling and industrial technologies between smaller and bigger projects, taking into account the specific sector structure, type of activity, technology and research landscape.
Amendment 250 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11 b (new)
Recital 11 b (new)
(11b) While the Union added value lies mainly in funding pre-competitive, transnational, collaborative research, which should attain in Horizon 2020 at least the levels of the Seventh Framework programme, it is necessary to place special emphasis on the shift towards funding innovation within Horizon 2020. The 'Fast Track to Innovation' instrument provides for a sped-up selection process and a fit for purpose design to ensure fast realisation of innovative projects. Horizon 2020 should support all stages in the innovation chain, including innovative financial instruments, as well as non-technological and social innovation.
Amendment 277 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 20 a (new)
Recital 20 a (new)
(20a) European regional authorities have an important part to play in implementing the European Research Area and in ensuring an efficient coordination of Union financial instruments, in particular in fostering linkages between Horizon 2020 and the Structural Funds, within the framework of smart specialisation strategies. Regions also have a key role in the dissemination and implementation of Horizon 2020 results and in offering complementary funding instruments, such as public procurement.
Amendment 287 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21 a (new)
Recital 21 a (new)
(21a) Industry and SMEs are essential in bringing research results into the markets. Horizon 2020 should leverage investment from the private sector in RDI in order to bring combined public and private R&D investment to 3% of GDP, of which the private sector should be expected to contribute with two thirds.
Amendment 293 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 22 a (new)
Recital 22 a (new)
(22a) Horizon 2020 should also help persuade European researchers to remain in Europe, attract researchers from the whole world to Europe and make Europe a more attractive destination for the best researchers. Consideration should therefore be given at EU level to establishing attractive, coordinated tax arrangements for researchers.
Amendment 304 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23 a (new)
Recital 23 a (new)
(23a) Horizon 2020 will encourage and support activities towards exploiting Europe's leadership in the race to develop new processes and technologies promoting sustainable development, in a broad sense, and combating climate change. Such horizontal approach, fully integrated in all Horizon 2020 priorities, will help the Union to prosper in a low- carbon, resource constrained world while building a resource efficient, sustainable and competitive economy.
Amendment 306 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23 b (new)
Recital 23 b (new)
(23b) All research and innovation build on the capacity of scientists, research institutions, businesses and citizens to openly access, share and use scientific information. However, intellectual property rights should be respected.
Amendment 308 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 24
Recital 24
(24) Research and innovation activities supported by Horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles. The reasoned, regularly updated opinions of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE) should be taken into account, which entails, as a prerequisite, a transparent method of selection underpinned by the independence and scientific expertise of the EGE members. Research activities should also take into account Article 13 TFEUof the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and reduce the use of animals in research and testing, with a view ultimately to replacing animal use. All activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with Article 168 TFEU. of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Amendment 321 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 25
Recital 25
(25) The European Commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells. However, it is recognised that stem cell research has the potential to lead to the development of treatments and therapies for patients suffering from a host of diseases and illnesses including incurable neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's, motor neurone disease and multiple sclerosis, as well as type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, liver damage, spinal cord damage and blindness. Many of these conditions will increase in prevalence with an ageing population. To enable a better understanding of the massive potential of stem cells, scientists should be able to continue research in all avenues of stem cell research if this is allowed in the Member State in question. The use of human stem cells, be they adult or embryonic, if anydoes, however, depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent Ethics Review. No project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the Member States. No activity should be funded that is forbidden in all Member States. No activity should be funded in a Member State where such activity is forbidden.
Amendment 350 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 27
Recital 27
(27) SMEs constitute a significantn essential source of innovation and, growth and jobs in Europe. Therefore a strong participation of SMEs, as defined in Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC of 6 May 2003, is needed in Horizon 2020. This should support the aims of the Small Business Act.
Amendment 365 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 29
Recital 29
(29) A greater impact should also be achieved by combining Horizon 2020 and private sector funds within public-private partnerships in key areas where research and innovation could contribute to Europe's wider competitiveness goals and help tackle societal challenges. The public- private partnerships in the form of Joint Technology Initiatives launched under Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-13) may be continued using more fit- for-purpose structures. The Commission should provide a single source of funding except if there is a clear agreement between the Commission and Member States to provide sufficient budget for joint funding of a specific initiative.
Amendment 385 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4
Article 4
Horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the Union'sfunding excellent research and innovation funding, thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment, creating new job opportunities and ensuring Europe's long-term sustainable growth and competitiveness, as well as addressing the Union's societal challenges.
Amendment 427 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 6 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 6 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
3. The European Institute of Innovation and Technology shall be financed through a maximum contribution from Horizon 2020 of EUR 3194xxx million as set out in Annex II. A first allocation of EUR 1542 million shall be provided to the European Institute of Innovation and Technology for activities under Title XVII of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. A second allocation of up to EUR 1652 million shall be provided, subject to the review set out in Article 26 (1). This additionIn view of the need to identify and select the strongest KICs with the greatest chance of quickly reaching critical mass, the KIC selection process in 2014 will be open to KIC applications within the following pre-defined themes: - Innovation for healthy living and active ageing, - Raw materials, - Food4Future, - Urban mobility, - Added-value manufacturing, and - Smart secure societies From the themes in the KIC selection proposal, amount shall be provided on a pro-rata basis, as indicated in Annex II, from the amount for the specific objective ‘Leadership in enabling and industrial technolo number of KICs will be selected. The number of KICs selected will depend on the maturity and readiness of European consortia to form credible KICs, the potential societal and economic impact, and opportunities for synergies’ within the priority on industrial leadership set out in paragraph 2(b) and from the amount for the priority on societal challenges set out in 2(c). other initiatives, as well as the absorption capacity of the EIT and the budget available.
Amendment 448 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point b – point iii
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point b – point iii
(iii) have close political, economic and geographical links to the Union;
Amendment 454 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 7 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. The terms and conditions regarding the participation of the EFTA States that are party to the EEA Agreement shall be in accordance with the provisions of that Agreement.
Amendment 467 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 12 – paragraph 1
Article 12 – paragraph 1
1. For the implementation of Horizon 2020, account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by: advisory groups of independent, high level experts set up by the Commission; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements; forward looking activities; targeted public consultations, including with national and regional authorities; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported.
Amendment 485 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 13 – paragraph 1
Article 13 – paragraph 1
1. Linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of Horizon 2020. Particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies, to bridging from discovery to market application, to cross-disciplinary research and innovation, to social and economic sciences and humanities, to climate change and sustainable development, to fostering the functioning and achievement of the ERA, to cooperation with third countries, to responsible research and innovation including a gender perspective, to SME involvement in research and innovation and the broader private sector participation, and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross-border and cross- sector mobility of researchers.
Amendment 507 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science, technology, innovation, markets and society, where innovation includes business, organisational and soci, social and environmental aspects.
Amendment 517 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Horizon 2020 shall ensure the effective promotion of gender equality and the gender dimension in research and innovation content. Particular attention shall be paid to ensure gender balance in bodies such as selection boards, committees and expert groups.
Amendment 538 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
All the research and innovation activities carried out under Horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national, Union and international legislation, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights and its Supplementary Protocols, the European Directive 2004/23/EC on Human Tissue and Cells (EUDHTC) and Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007 on Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP).
Amendment 542 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
All the research and innovation activities carried out under Horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national, Union and international legislation, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and, the European Convention on Human Rights and its Supplementary Protocols as well as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Amendment 546 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Particular attention shall be paid to the principle of proportionality, the right to privacy, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to the physical and mental integrity of a person, the right to non-discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation and the need to ensure high levels of human health protection.
Amendment 593 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 17 – paragraph 1
Article 17 – paragraph 1
Horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a way which is complementary to other Union funding programmes, including the Structural Funds, the Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs (COSME), and Erasmus for all.
Amendment 608 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 – paragraph 2
Article 18 – paragraph 2
2. Specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in Point 1 of Part II of Annex I and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘Societal challenges’ set out in Points 1 to 6 of Part III of Annex I. These specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated SME instrument that is targeted at all types of SMEs with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of SMEs as set out under the specific objective ‘Innovation in SMEs’ in Point 3.3.(a) of Part II of Annex I. It is essential that SMEs are integrated within the full value chain in order to get access to all opportunities in Horizon 2020.
Amendment 630 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 – paragraph 3
Article 18 – paragraph 3
3. The integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 is expected toand the simplification of the application procedures should lead to around 15% of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ‘Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ and the priority ‘Societal challenges’ going to SMEs.
Amendment 633 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 18 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Furthermore, at least 10% of the budget of pillar 2 and 3 should be earmarked for the dedicated SME instrument.
Amendment 636 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 a (new)
Article 18 a (new)
Article 18 a Fast Track to Innovation 1. To accelerate the commercialisation and diffusion of innovation, 20% of the Union funding within the specific objective 'Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies' and in each of the 'Societal challenges' in Part III shall be foreseen for the 'Fast Track to Innovation'. 2. The 'Fast track to innovation' is an instrument following a bottom-up-driven logic that will speed up time from idea to market significantly and is expected to increase industry participation in Horizon 2020 as well as the participation of SMEs and first-time applicants. Thereby it shall stimulate private sector R&D&I investment, promote research and innovation with a focus on value creation and accelerate the maturing of new technologies into innovative products being in demand, which will underpin future businesses and economic growth and employment. 3. Activities shall cover the whole innovation cycle, but should focus on innovation-related activities, experimental and pre-commercial development, comprising the development stages from technology demonstration up to market uptake, including piloting, demonstration, test-beds, pre-normative research and standard setting, and market uptake of innovations. 4. The 'Fast track to innovation' shall be implemented as a visible funding instrument presenting a simple and fast entry into applied collaborative research, following a special selection process as set out in Regulation (EU) No xxxx/2012 [Rules for Participation and Dissemination].
Amendment 638 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 1
Article 19 – paragraph 1
1. Horizon 2020 may be implemented through public-private partnerships where all the partners concerned commit to support the development and implementation of research and innovation activities of strategic importance to the Union's competitiveness and industrial leadership or to address specific societal challenges. Excellence shall be the key criterion in selecting the participants.
Amendment 641 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) financial contributions from the Union to joint undertakings established on the basis of Article 187 TFEU under the Seventh Framework Programme, subject to the amendment of their basic acts; to new public-private partnerships set up on the basis of Article 187 TFEU; and to other funding bodies referred to in Article [55(1)(b)(v) or (vii)] of Regulation (EU) No XX/2012 [New Financial Regulation]. This form of partnerships shall only be implemented where the scope of the objectives pursued and the scale of the resources required justify it;. The Commission shall provide a single source of funding except for cases where there is a clear agreement between the Commission and Member States to provide sufficient budget for joint funding of a specific initiative.
Amendment 656 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 3 – point c
Article 19 – paragraph 3 – point c
(c) the long-term commitment from all partners based on a shared vision and clearly defined objectives;
Amendment 664 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Both existing and new public private partnerships shall be subject to an in- depth review in order to analyze their European added value, no later than one year after the entry into force of this regulation. The result of this review shall be presented to the European Parliament and the Council.
Amendment 665 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. If the in-depth review reveals that the criterion of European added value is not satisfactorily met, the European Parliament and the Council may decide to no longer provide these public private partnerships with funding.
Amendment 666 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 3 c (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 3 c (new)
3 c. The public-private partnerships shall make public funds accessible through transparent processes and mainly through competitive calls, with rules for participation aligned with those of Horizon 2020.
Amendment 673 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 20 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point b
Article 20 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point b
(b) Union participation in programmes undertaken by several Regional Authorities or Member States in accordance with Article 185 TFEU.
Amendment 700 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 21 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 21 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. In order to reduce the administrative burden for participants, national accounting practices of the beneficiaries shall be accepted by the Commission.
Amendment 702 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 21 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Article 21 – paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Beneficiaries who have executed their audits in a satisfactory manner during three consecutive years shall be subject to a lighter audit procedure, in order to foster an enhanced trust based approach.
Amendment 722 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 22 – paragraph 3 – point e a (new)
Article 22 – paragraph 3 – point e a (new)
(e a) initiatives to include civil society and its organizations in the research and innovation process, such as in shaping research agendas and co-creating knowledge.
Amendment 730 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1
Article 25 – paragraph 1
1. The Commission shall annually monitor the implementation of Horizon 2020, its specific programme and the activities of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. This shall include information on cross-cutting topics such as sustainability and climate change, including information on the amount of climate related expenditure, SME- participation, private sector participation, gender equality and energy efficiency. The monitoring shall also include information on the extent of funding for public-private and public-public partnerships.
Amendment 755 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 26 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. A similar evaluation procedure shall be applied for Joint Technology Initiatives.
Amendment 756 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 2
Article 26 – paragraph 2
2. The performance indicators for the general objectives, for the Joint Technology Initiatives and for the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, as set out in the introduction of Annex I to this Regulation, and for the specific objectives as established in the specific programme, including relevant baselines, shall provide the minimum basis for assessing the extent to which the objectives of Horizon 2020 have been achieved.
Amendment 778 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 7 – point c
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 7 – point c
(c) Marie Curie actions shall provide excellent and innovative research training as well as attractive career and knowledge- exchange opportunities through cross- border and cross-sector mobility of researchers from universities, research organisations and enterprises, including SMEs, to best prepare them to face current and future societal challenges.
Amendment 817 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 14 – point b
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 14 – point b
(b) FBioeconomy: food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime research, and the bio- economy;bio-based industry; (This amendment applies throughout the text.)
Amendment 823 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 14 – point e
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 14 – point e
(e) Climate action, resource efficiency and sustainable use of raw materials;
Amendment 838 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 15
Annex 1 – broad lines of the specific objectives and activities – paragraph 15
All the activities shall take a challenge- based approach, focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed. The emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields, technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges. The activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market, with a new focus on innovation-related activities, such as piloting, demonstration, test-beds, support for public procurement, design, end-user driven innovation, social innovation and market take-up of innovations. In order to achieve the goals of Horizon 2020, in particular in relation to Part III on societal challenges, it will be necessary to engage a wide variety of stakeholders in the collaborative projects, from research institutions and enterprises to users from public and private sectors.
Amendment 865 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 1 – point 1 – point 1.2 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 1 – point 1 – point 1.2 – paragraph 1
The ERC was created to provide Europe's best researchers, both women and men, with the resources they need to allow them to compete better at global level, by funding individual teams on the basis of pan-European competition. It operates autonomously: an independent Scientific Council made up of scientists, engineers and scholars of the highest repute and expertise, of both women and men in different age groups, establishes the overall scientific strategy and has full authority over decisions on the type of research to be funded. These are essential features of the ERC, guaranteeing the effectiveness of its scientific programme, the quality of its operations and peer- review process and its credibility in the scientific community.
Amendment 958 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 1 – point 4 – point 4.2 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 1 – point 4 – point 4.2 – paragraph 2
Further development and wider use of research infrastructures at Unioa European level will make a significant contribution to development of the European Research Area. While the role of Member States remains central in developing and financing research infrastructures, the Union plays an important part in supporting infrastructure at UnioEuropean level, such as encouraging co-ordination of distributed research infrastructures, fostering the emergence of new facilities, opening up and supporting broad access to national and European infrastructures, and making sure that regional, national, European and international policies are consistent and effective. It is not only necessary to avoid duplication of effort and tos, to foster coordinated and rationaliseffective use of the facilities, but also and where appropriate to pool resources so that the Union can also acquire and operate research infrastructures at world level.
Amendment 988 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 4
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 4
The successful mastering and deployment of enabling technologies by European industry is a key factor in strengthening Europe's productivity and innovation capacity and ensuring Europe has an advanced, sustainable and competitive economy, global leadership in hi-tech application sectors and the ability to develop effective solutions for societal challenges. The pervasive nature of such activities can spur further progress through complementary inventions and applications, ensuring a higher return on investment in these technologies than in any other field. The development of add- on pilots or spin-offs from research projects shall be supported through flexible instruments such as open calls.
Amendment 994 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 7
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 7
The activities under ‘Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies’ will be primarily based on research and innovation agendas defined by industry and, business and SMEs, together with the research community and have a strong focus on leveraging private sector investment and innovation.
Amendment 998 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 10
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 10
The approach shall include both agenda- driven activities and more open areas to promote innovative projects and breakthrough solutions. Emphasis shall be on R&D, large-scale pilots and demonstration activities, test beds and living labs, prototyping and product validation in pilot lines. Activities shall be designed to boost industrial competitiveness by stimulating industry, and in particular SMEs, to make more research and innovation investment. Direct follow-on activities for projects such as piloting, demonstration and take-up shall be supported through flexible instruments such as open calls.
Amendment 1008 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 12
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – paragraph 12
A major component of ‘Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies’ are Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), defined as micro- and nanoelectronics, photonics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems. These multi- disciplinary, knowledge and capital- intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for European industry. An integrated approach, promoting the combination, convergence and cross-fertilisation effect of KETs in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies, products, services and novel applications (e.g. in space, transport, environment, health, agriculture etc.). The numerous interactions of KETs and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner, as an important source of innovation. This will complement support for research and innovation in KETs that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the Cohesion Policy Funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies.
Amendment 1050 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.1 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.1 – paragraph 1
The specific objective of nanotechnologies research and innovation is to secuprepare Union leadership in this high growth global market, by stimulating investment and patents in nanotechnologies and their uptake in high added-value, competitive products and services across a range of applications and sectors.
Amendment 1051 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.1 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.1 – paragraph 2
By 2015, the Commission will review all relevant legislation to ensure safety for all applications of nanomaterials in products with potential health, environmental or safety impacts over their life cycle. By 2020, nanotechnologies will be mainstreamed, that is seamlessly integrated with most technologies and applications, driven by consumer benefits, quality of life, sustainable development and the strong industrial potential for achieving previously unavailable solutions for productivity and resource efficiency.
Amendment 1063 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.3 – point b – introductory part
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.2 – point 1.2.3 – point b – introductory part
(b) Ensuring the safe development and application of nanotechnologies, particularly when they are used in the manufacture of products that will come into direct contact with the human body
Amendment 1090 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.3 – point 1.3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.3 – point 1.3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Developing new products and applications, andbusiness models and responsible consumer behaviour that reduce energy demand, and facilitate low-carbon production.
Amendment 1099 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.3 – point 1.3.3 – point g – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.3 – point 1.3.3 – point g – paragraph 1
Research and development to investigate alternatives to the use of materials, including contributing to solving the challenge of raw materials, and innovative business model approaches.
Amendment 1111 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.1 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.1 – paragraph 1
The specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive, sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of European sectors like agriculture, food, chemical, energy and health.
Amendment 1121 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.2 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.2 – paragraph 1
Powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems, biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the Union's industrial base and its innovation capacity. Examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio- chemicals, of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 %-20 % of chemical production by 2015. A number of the so-called twelve rules of Green Chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology, due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio-systems. The possible economic burdens for Union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio-based products to reduce CO2 emissions, estimated to range from between 1 to 2.5 billion tons CO2 equivalent per year by 2030.In Europe's biopharmaceutical sector, already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology, with up to 50 % of new medicines. With biotechnology, agricultural and food production will be more sustainable through increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial, health, energy, energy efficiency and environmental applications. The emerging sector of marine (blue) biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year.
Amendment 1131 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.4 – point 1.4.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Developing industrial biotechnology and industrial scale bio-process design for competitive industrial products and processes (e.g. chemical, health, mining, energy, pulp and paper, fibre-based products and wood textile, starch, food processing) and its environmental dimension.
Amendment 1144 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.1 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.1 – paragraph 1
The specific objective of advanced manufacturing and processing research and innovation is to transform today's industrial forms of production towards mormanufacturing enterprises, systems, and processes by leveraging key enabling technologies in order to achieve knowledge intensive, sustainable, trans- sectoral manufacturing and processing technologies, resulting in more innovative products, processes and services.
Amendment 1159 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions by the development and deployment of sustainable construction, automation and control technologies.
Amendment 1164 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Increasing the competitiveness of process industries, by drastically improving resource and energy efficiencies and reducing the environmental impact of such industrial activities through the whole value chain, promoting the adoption of low-carbon technologies, including the integration of renewable energy sources and smart, advanced control systems.
Amendment 1166 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.5 – point 1.5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Increasing the competitiveness of process industries, by drastically improving resource and energy efficiencies and reducing the environmental impact of such industrial activities through the whole value chain, promoting the adoption of sustainable low-carbon technologies and the uptake of alternative, more sustainable industrial processes.
Amendment 1181 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.6 – point 1.6.2 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 1 – point 1.6 – point 1.6.2 – paragraph 1
Space is an important, but frequently invisible enabler of diverse services and products crucial to modern day society, such as navigation, communication, weather forecasts, and geographic information. Policy formulation and implementation at European, national and regional levels increasingly depend on space-derived information. The global space sector is rapidly growing and expanding into new regions (e.g. China, South America and Africa). European industry is at present a considerable exporter of first class satellites for commercial and scientific purposes. Increasing global competition is challenging Europe's position in this area. Thus Europe has an interest in ensuring that its industry continues to thrive in this fiercely competitive market In addition, data from European science satellites have resulted in some of the most significant scientific breakthroughs in the last decades in Earth sciences and astronomy. With this unique capacity, the European space sector has a critical role to play in addressing the challenges identified by Europe 2020.
Amendment 1218 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 3
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 3
The Equity facility will focus on early- stage venture capital funds providing venture capital and quasi-equity (including mezzanine capital) to early-stage, individual portfolio enterprises. The facility will also have the possibility to make expansion and growth- stage investments in conjunction with the Equity Facility for Growth under the Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs, to ensure a continuum of support during the start up and development of companies.
Amendment 1222 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 7
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 7
The growth window shall make expansion and growth-stage investments in conjunction with the Equity Facility for Growth under the Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs, including investments in private and public sector funds-of-funds operating across borders and investing in venture capital funds, most of which will have a thematic focus that supports the goals of Europe 2020.
Amendment 1234 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 4
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 4
Cross-border collaborations are an important element in the innovation strategy of SMEs to overcome some of their size-related problems, such as access to technological and scientific competences and new markets. They contribute to turn ideas into profit and company growth and in return to increase private investment in research and innovation. Training and technology transfer to SMEs are key components in increasing their competitiveness and innovation.
Amendment 1238 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
SMEs shall be supported across Horizon 2020. For this purpose, to participate in Horizon 2020, better conditions for SMEs shall be established. In addition, a dedicated SME instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle. The SME instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative SMEs showing a strong ambition to develop, grow and internationalise. It shall be provided for all types of innovation, including service, non- technological and social innovations, given each activity has a clear European added- value. The aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of SMEs by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation, stimulating innovations and increasing private-sector commercialisation of research results.
Amendment 1249 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2
All of the specific objectives on societal challenges and on leadership in enabling and industrial technologies will apply the dedicated SME instrument and will allocate an amount for this10% of their allocated budget for the SME instrument.
Amendment 1251 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 a (new)
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 a (new)
The dedicated SME instrument should be centrally managed in order to ensure coherent application of rules, visibility of the Instrument, and a single entry point, facilitating participation of SMEs. The SME instrument should contribute to the specific objectives of the Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies and Societal Challenges.
Amendment 1254 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 b (new)
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 b (new)
This instrument shall create the necessary flexibility to allow for the integration of SMEs at project runtime and for limited shorter-than-project timeframes into research projects. It shall also allow the creation of a new category of smaller (micro) projects for SMEs that can be created independently or as spin-offs from larger research projects.
Amendment 1255 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 c (new)
Annex 1 – Part 2 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 2 c (new)
The SME instrument shall be subjected to an in-depth mid-term review. If the absorption objectives of the SME instrument are not met, the remaining funds shall be reallocated to the pillars of industrial leadership and societal challenges.
Amendment 1315 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 1 – point 1.2 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 1 – point 1.2 – paragraph 2
The response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health, disease, disability, development and ageing (including of life expectancy), and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative, scalable and effective and accessible products, strategies, interventions and services. Furthermore, the pertinence of these challenges across Europe and in many cases, globally, demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co- operation between excellent, multidisciplinary and multi-sector teams.
Amendment 1358 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 5
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 1 – point 1.3 – paragraph 5
Specific activities shall include: understanding the determinants of health (including food, environmental, social and climate related factors), improving health promotion and disease prevention; understanding disease and improving diagnosis; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility; improving surveillance and preparedness; developing better preventive vaccines; using in-silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction; treating disease; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions; better use of health data; active ageing, independent and assisted living; individual empowerment for self-management of health; promotion of integrated care; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice, and innovative technologies and approaches.
Amendment 1402 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point a – paragraph 1
The aim is to supply sufficient food, feed, biomass and other raw-materials, while safeguarding natural resources including biodiversity, in a European and world- wide perspective and enhancing ecosystems services, including coping with and mitigating climate change. The activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture, livestock and forestry systems which are both resource- efficient (including low-carbon) and, low external input and organic farming), protect natural resources, are diverse and can adapt to a changing environment and are resilient, while at the same time developing of services, concepts and policies for diverse food systems and thriving rural livelihoods.
Amendment 1412 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point b – paragraph 1
The aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe, healthy and affordable food, and to make food and feed processing and distribution as well as food consumption more sustainable and the food sector more competitive. The activities shall focus on healtha broad diversity of healthy, authentic, high quality and safe foods for all, informed consumer choices, and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and additives and produce less by-products, waste and green- house gases.
Amendment 1419 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point c – paragraph 1
The aim is to sustainably exploit aquatic living resources to maximise social and economic benefits/returns from Europe's oceans and seas. The activities shall focus on an optimal contribution to secure food supplies by developing sustainable and environmentally friendly fisheries and competitive European aquaculture in the context of the global economy and on boosting marine innovation through biotechnology to fuel smart ‘blue’ growth, with due respect for both the limitations and the potentials of the marine environment. Seas and oceans also play a crucial role in climate regulation and they are heavily impacted by human activities and climate change. The overall objective is to develop cross-cutting marine and maritime scientific and technological knowledge with a view to unlock the blue growth potential across the range of marine and maritime industries, while reducing the CO2 footprint and pollution, protecting the marine environment and adapting to climate change.
Amendment 1426 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 2 – point 2.3 – point d – paragraph 1
The aim is the promotion of low carbon, resource efficient, sustainable and competitive European bio-based industrie (including nutrient, energy, carbon, water and soil use efficiency), sustainable and competitive European bio-based industries, while making bio-waste an asset used at its full potential, for which it is vital to establish a closed circuit of nutrients between urban and rural areas. The activities shall focus on fostering the bio-economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio- based resource and energy efficient ones, the development of integrated second and third generation biorefineries, utilising biomass from primaand other residues from primary agricultural and forestry production, biowaste and bio- based industry by- products, and opening new markettransformation of bio-waste in urban areas into agricultural inputs through efficient cleaning. This will foster new markets and create potential new revenue streams for primary producers through supporting standardisation, certification schemes, regulatory and demonstration/field trial activities and others, while taking into account the implication of the bio-economy on land use and land use changes.
Amendment 1439 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
The Union intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020, with a further reduction to 80-95 % by 2050. In addition, renewables should cover 20 % of final energy consumption in 2020 coupled with a 20 % energy savings target. By 2050 greenhouse gas emission reductions of 80-95% must be achieved. To reach this goal, renewable energy technologies must, by the middle of this century, account for the biggest share of Europe's energy supply. This must be accompanied by an ambitious energy efficiency policy as the most cost-effective way of reaching our long-term decarbonisation goals. It is therefore appropriate for three quarters of the budget under this Challenge to go towards research and innovation in renewable energy and energy efficiency target. Achieving these objectives will require an overhaul of the energy system combining sustainable low carbon profile, energy security and affordability, while at the same time reinforcing Europe's economic competitiveness. Europe is currently far from this overall goal. 80 % of the European energy system still relies on fossil fuels, and the sector produces 80 % of all the Union's greenhouse gas emissions. Every year 2.5 % of the Union's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is spent on energy imports and this is likely to increase. This trend would lead to total dependence on oil and gas imports by 2050. Faced with volatile energy prices on the world market, coupled with concerns over security of supply, European industries and consumers are spending an increasing share of their income on energy.
Amendment 1440 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
The Union intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020, with a further reduction to 80-95 % by 2050. In addition, renewables should cover 20 % of final energy consumption in 2020 coupled with a 20 % energy efficiency target. By 2050 greenhouse gas emission reductions of 80-95% should be achieved. All decarbonisation scenarios in the Energy Roadmap 2050 show that renewable energy technologies will by the middle of this century account for the biggest share of energy supply technologies. This must be accompanied by an ambitious energy efficiency policy as the most cost-effective way of reaching our long-term decarbonisation goals. It is therefore appropriate for three quarters of the budget under this Challenge to go towards research and innovation in renewable energy and energy efficiency. Achieving these objectives will require an overhaul of the energy system combining low carbon profilethe development of alternatives to fossil fuels, energy security and affordability, while at the same time reinforcing Europe's economic competitiveness. Europe is currently far from this overall goal. 80 % of the European energy system still relies on fossil fuels, and the sector produces 80 % of all the Union's greenhouse gas emissions. Every year 2.5 % of the Union's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is spent on energy imports and this is likely to increase. This trend would lead to total dependence on oil and gas imports by 2050. Faced with volatile energy prices on the world market, coupled with concerns over security of supply, European industries and consumers are spending an increasing share of their income on energy.
Amendment 1442 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 2
The Union intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020, with a further reduction to 80-95 % by 2050. In addition, renewables should cover 20 % of final energy consumption in 2020 coupled with a 20 % energy efficiency target. By 2050 green house gas emission reductions of 80-95% should be achieved. Decarbonisation scenarios in the Energy Roadmap 2050 suggest renewable energy technologies would need, with sufficient investment and uptake, to account for the biggest share of energy supply technologies by the middle of this century. It is therefore appropriate that proportionate funds under this Challenge go towards research and innovation in renewable energy. Achieving these objectives will require an overhaul of the energy system combining low carbon profile, energy security and affordability, while at the same time reinforcing Europe's economic competitiveness. Europe is currently far from this overall goal. 80 % of the European energy system still relies on fossil fuels, and the sector produces 80 % of all the Union's greenhouse gas emissions. Every year 2.5 % of the Union's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is spent on energy imports and this is likely to increase. This trend would lead to total dependence on oil and gas imports by 2050. Faced with volatile energy prices on the world market, coupled with concerns over security of supply, European industries and consumers are spending an increasing share of their income on energy.
Amendment 1456 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 4
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 4
To achieve these reductions, significant investments need to be made in research, development, demonstration and market roll-out of efficient, safe and reliable low- carbon energy technologies and services. These must go hand in hand with non- technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides. All this must be part of an integrated low-carbon policy, including mastering key enabling technologies, in particular ICT solutions and advanced manufacturing, processing and materials. The goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that, which will help to respond to energy challenges, notably due to the integration of renewable energy, and which can be taken up widely on European and international markets and to establish intelligent demand-side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems.
Amendment 1464 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 4
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.1 – paragraph 4
To achieve these reductions, significant investments need to be made in research, development, demonstration and market roll-out of efficient, safe and reliable low- carbon energy technologies and services. These must go hand in hand with non- technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides. All this must be part of an integrated sustainable low-carbon policy, including mastering key enabling technologies, in particular ICT solutions and advanced manufacturing, processing and materials. The goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on European and international markets and to establish intelligent demand-side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems.
Amendment 1466 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 1
New technologies and solutions must compete on cost and reliability against highly optimised energy systems with well- established incumbents and technologieswith energy systems designed for historic incumbents and technologies which have benefited from high levels of research funding and subsidies to date. Research and innovation are critical to make these new, cleaner, low-carbon, more efficient energy sources commercially attractive on the scale needed. Funding for research and development of fossil fuel technologies is therefore not eligible under this societal challenge. Neither industry alone, nor Member States individually, are able to bear the costs and risks, for which the main drivers (transition to a low carbon economy, providing affordable and secure energy) are outside the market.
Amendment 1467 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 1
New technologies and solutions must compete oin cost and reliability against highly optimised energy systems wienergy systems designed for historic incumbents and technologies which have absorbed the vast majority of the well- established incumbents and technologiesorld and Europe's research funding and subsidies to this date. Research and innovation are critical to make these new, cleaner, low-carbon, more efficient energy sources commercially attractive on the scale needed, funding for research and development of fossil fuel technologies is therefore not eligible under this societal challenge. Neither industry alone, nor Member States individually, are able to bear the costs and risks, for which the main drivers (transition to a low carbon economy, providing affordable and secure energy) are outside the market.
Amendment 1474 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 4
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 4
The resources required to implement the SET Plan in full have been estimated at EUR 8 billion per year over the next 10 years28 . This is well beyond the capacity of individual Member States or research and industrial stakeholders alone. Investments in research and innovation at Union level are needed, combined with mobilisation of efforts across Europe in the form of joint implementation and risk and capacity sharing. Union funding of energy research and innovation shall therefore complement Member States' activities by focusing on activities with clear Union added value, in particular those with high potential to leverage national resources. Action at Union level shall also support high-risk, high-cost, long-term programmes beyond the reach of individual Member States, pool efforts to reduce investment risks in large-scale activities such as industrial demonstration and develop Europe-wide, interoperable energy solutions. European Union funding shall only be used to fund sustainable technology, in line with the European Union's long-term climate and energy goals.
Amendment 1479 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 5
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.2 – paragraph 5
Implementation of the SET-Plan as the research and innovation pillar of European energy policy will reinforce the Union's security of supply and the transition to a low-carbon economy, help to link research and innovation programmes with trans- European and regional investments in energy infrastructure and increase the willingness of investors to release capital for projects with long lead-times and significant technology and market risks. It will create opportunities for innovation for small and large companies and help them become or remain competitive at world level, where opportunities for energy technologies are large and increasing. To provide the private sector with sufficient political and financial certainty, the SET- plan technologies will be financed through separate budget lines.
Amendment 1491 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research and full- scale testing of new concepts, non- technological solutions, more efficient, socially acceptable and affordable technology components and systems with in-built intelligence, to allow real-time energy management for cities and territories, near-zero-emission buildings, retrofitted buildings, renewable heating and cooling, including recovery of energy from waste, highly efficient industries and mass take-up of energy efficiency solutions and services by companies, individuals, communities and cities.
Amendment 1492 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point a – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research and full- scale testing of new concepts, non- technological solutions, more efficient, socially acceptable and affordable technology components and systems with in-built intelligence, to allow real-time energy management for near-zero-emission and positive energy buildings, renewable heating and cooling, highly efficient industries and mass take-up of energy efficiency and energy saving solutions by companies, individuals, communities and cities.
Amendment 1494 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – introductory part
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – introductory part
(b) Low-cost,Sustainable low-carbon electricity supply
Amendment 1500 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research, development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies, in particular for gas and industrial processes, offering larger scale, lower cost, environmentally safe technologies which provide an alternative to fossil fuels, with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments.
Amendment 1501 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research, development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale, lower cost, environmentally safe technologies which offer an alternative to fossil fuels with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments.
Amendment 1519 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research, development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies, including storage, systems and market designs to plan, monitor, control and safely operate interoperable networks and balance an increasing renewables share in an open, decarbonised, climate resilient and competitive market, under normal and emergency conditions.
Amendment 1520 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research, development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies, including storage, systems and market designs to plan, monitor, control and, safely operate interoperable networks and balance an increasing share of variable renewables in an open, decarbonised, climate resilient and competitive market, under normal and emergency conditions.
Amendment 1521 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on research, development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies, including storage, systems and market designs to plan, monitor, control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open, decarbonised, environmentally sustainable, climate resilient and competitive market, under normal and emergency conditions.
Amendment 1528 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point e – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point e – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on multi-disciplinary research for sustainable energy technologies (including visionary actions) and joint implementation of pan-European research programmes and world-class facilities.
Amendment 1532 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point g – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point g – paragraph 1
Activities shall focus on applied innovation to facilitate the market uptake of sustainable energy technologies and services, to address non- technological barriers and to accelerate the cost effective implementation of the Union's energy policies.
Amendment 1594 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 4 – point 4.3 – point c – paragraph 2
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 4 – point 4.3 – point c – paragraph 2
The focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one, by working on novel concepts and designs, smart control systems and interoperable standards, efficient production processes, shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs, or new more sustainable materials or coatings.
Amendment 1649 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point c – paragraph 1
The aim is to improve the knowledge base on raw materials and develop innovative solutions for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly exploration, extraction, processing, recycling and recovery of raw materials and for their substitution by economically attractive alternatives with a lower environmental impact. Activities shall focus on: improving the knowledge base on the availability of raw materials; promoting the sustainable supply and use of raw materials; finding alternatives for critical rawand hazardous raw materials; encouraging design for sustainable use and re-use of materials; and improving societal awareness and skills on raw materials.
Amendment 1653 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point d – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point d – paragraph 1
The aim is to foster all forms of eco- innovation that enable the transition to a green economy. Activities shall focus on: strengthening eco-innovative technologies, processes, services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication, with special attention for SMEs; supporting innovative policies, sustainable economic models and societal changes; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems.
Amendment 1659 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point e a (new)
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 5 – point 5.3 – point e a (new)
(e a) Reaching the Good Environmental Status of Europe's seas and Oceans Enhancing the knowledge and impacts of marine contaminants to reach and maintain the good environmental status of European seas and oceans as required in the marine strategy directive (MSFD).
Amendment 1738 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.3 – paragraph 2 – point a
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.3 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) fight crime and terrorism, including understanding the social dimensions of such issues, and identifying effective social policy measures to address these;
Amendment 1754 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.3 – paragraph 2 – point e a (new)
Annex 1 – Part 3 – point 6.3 – point 6.3.3 – paragraph 2 – point e a (new)
(e a) increase resilience to crises and disasters and minimize security problems connected with environmental and climate factors, including handling of scarce natural resources e.g. in the Arctic region.
Amendment 1762 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex 1 – Part 4 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Annex 1 – Part 4 – point 3 – point 3.3 – point b – paragraph 1
Support the development, implementation and monitoring of European agriculture and fisheries policies, including food safety and security and the development of a bio- economy through e.g. crop production forecasts, technical and socio-economic analyses and modelling, and promoting healthy and productive seas to develop the Good Environmental Status and realize blue growth.
Amendment 1820 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex II – Breakdown of the budget – table – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Annex II – Breakdown of the budget – table – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
** Around EUR 1131 million of this amount mayshall go towards the implementation of Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) projects. Around one third of this may go to SMEs.