16 Amendments of Nils TORVALDS related to 2021/0207(COD)
Amendment 91 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
Amendment 94 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) The total quantity of allowances for aviation should be consolidated at the level of allocation for all flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA andor arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom. The allocation for the year 2024 should be based on the total allocation to active aircraft operators in year 2023, reduced by the linear reduction factor as specified in Article 9 of Directive 2003/87/EC. The level of allocation should be increased to take into account the routes that were not covered by the EU ETS in the year 2023 but are covered by the EU ETS from year 2024 onwards.
Amendment 102 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) Increased auctioning from the year after the entry into force of this amendment to Directive 2003/87/ECFrom 2024, full auctioning should be the rule for the aviation sector allocation of allowances, taking into account the sector’s ability to pass on the increased cost of CO2.
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) Directive 2003/87/EC should also be amended with regard to acceptable compliance units, to take into account the Unit Eligibility Criteria adopted by the ICAO Council at its 216th session in March 2019 as an essential element of CORSIA. Airlines based in the Union should be able to use international credits for compliance with CORSIA for flights to or from third countries that are considered to be participating in CORSIA, and they should be able to deduct the financial value of these credits from their surrendered EU ETS allowances for these routes. To ensure that the Union’s CORSIA implementation supports the Paris Agreement goals and gives incentives for broad participation to CORSIA, the credits should originate from states that are parties to the Paris Agreement and that participate in CORSIA, and double counting of credits should be avoided. Any deviation from the CORSIA baseline, which is set at 2019-2020, with a time- limited exception for the years 2021 to 2023, should be deemed as non- compliance for the purpose of this Directive.
Amendment 119 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) For CORSIA implementation on flights other than flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA and arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom, surrender obligations should be decreased for Union-based aircraft operators operating these flights. Aircraft operators’ surrender obligations for these flights should be dec through the possibility to subtract from the corresponding EU ETS allowances the financial value of CORSIA credits repreased to onlynting their share of collective international aviation emissions above collective 2019 levels, in respect of emissions during 2021-23, and above collective 2019-20 levels for subsequent years of CORSIA application.
Amendment 125 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) As CORSIA implementatTo ensure that emissions and enforcement for aircraft operators based outside the Union is meant to belong solely to the home country of these aircraft operators, implementing CORSIAre not accounted for twice for departing and incoming flights and to take due account of CORSIA offsetting obligations above a baseline set at the 2019 level for the years 2021-2023 and set at the average 2019- 2020 level for the years 2024-2035, aircraft operators should be able to deduct the financial value of expenditure on credits used for CORSIA by them for flights other than flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA and arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom means exempting aircraft operators based outside the Union from the EU ETS obligations for these flights.
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) To ensure equal treatment on routes, flights to and from countries that are not implementing CORSIA should be exempt from EU ETS or CORSIA obligations and from the possibility to subtract the financial value of CORSIA credits from EU ETS allowances for these routes. To incentivise full implementation of CORSIA starting in 2027, the exemption should only apply to emissions up to 31 December 2026.
Amendment 163 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26 b (new)
Recital 26 b (new)
(26b) The deployment of clean and sustainable aviation fuels has a big potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation sector. Due to their significantly higher production cost, these fuels are not yet economically viable. In the light of mandatory quotas for the share of sustainable aviation fuels as laid down in a Regulation at Union level on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport and various voluntary commitments, planning certainty regarding the emissions counting under the EU ETS is crucial. Therefore, the Commission should without delay update the emissions accounting for these fuels to avoid double-counting and provide for zero- counting under the EU ETS for renewable fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels produced using renewable sources, such as electrofuels, where it can be ascertained that corresponding EU ETS allowances for captured greenhouse gases have been surrendered in the manufacturing process. Until then, emissions from these fuels should be counted zero.
Amendment 165 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26 c (new)
Recital 26 c (new)
(26c) Given the increasing carbon costs resulting from the full auctioning of allowances in the aviation sector, an economic disadvantage may arise for aircraft operators using hubs within the Union compared to those using hubs outside the Union. As flights to third country hubs are currently not covered by the EU ETS, there might be an advantage for those operators feeding flights outside the Union, where less stringent emission reduction measures are applied. This could lead to shift to these hubs and therefore an increase of emissions eventually resulting in negative impacts on global warming. Extending the scope of the EU ETS to flights from and to aerodromes outside the EEA, Switzerland and the United Kingdom would lead to a fairer competition and more efficient greenhouse gas reduction.
Amendment 172 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 c – paragraph 5
Article 3 c – paragraph 5
5. The Commission shall determine the total quantity of allowances to be allocated in respect of aircraft operators for the year 2024 on the basis of the total allocation of allowances in respect of aircraft operators that were performing aviation activities falling within Annex I in the year 2023, reduced by the linear reduction factor specified in Article 9, and shall publish that quantity, as well as the quantity of free allocation which would have taken place in 2024 if the rules for free allocation were not updated.
Amendment 195 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 d – paragraph 1
Article 3 d – paragraph 1
1. InAs from 1 January 2024, 25%all of the quantity of allowances in respect of which free allocation would have taken place as published in accordance with Article 3cin that year shall be auctioned.’,
Amendment 197 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point b
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 d – paragraphs 1 a to 1 d
Article 3 d – paragraphs 1 a to 1 d
Amendment 235 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 d a (new)
Article 3 d a (new)
(2a) The following article is added: ‘Article 3da International aviation activities 1. By way of derogation from the relevant provisions in Article 11a, 12 and 25a, from 1 April 2025, each year aircraft operators shall surrender allowances for emissions on all flights departing from or arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in the previous calendar year. 2. To take due account of CORSIA offsetting obligations above a baseline set at the 2019 level for the years 2021-2023 and at the average of the 2019-2020 level for 2024 onwards, aircraft operators shall be able to deduct the financial value of their expenditure on credits used for compliance with CORSIA for flights to or from countries that are listed in the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 25a(3). Each year, operators shall publish and inform the European Commission about the CORSIA offsets paid the previous year for each route. The Commission shall establish the financial value of the offsets eligible for subtraction from the EU ETS surrender requirement for each route. The Commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 23 to determine the methodology and mechanism for this subtraction. For this purpose, the Commission shall consider the price of EU ETS allowances to be the average price in the respective compliance year. 3. To account for the complete scope of aviation activities pursuant to paragraph 1 and 2, the total quantity of allowances to be allocated for aviation shall be increased by the levels of allocations for the additional departing and incoming flights in 2023, which would have been made if they were covered by the EU ETS in that year. Allowances shall be cancelled equivalent to the CORSIA expenditure incurred on relevant routes. The linear reduction factor as laid down in Article 9 shall apply.’;
Amendment 287 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 328 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 b (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 30 – paragraph 4
Article 30 – paragraph 4
(9b) In Article 30, paragraph 4 is replaced by the following: "4. Before 1 January 20204, the Commission shall present an updated analysis of the non-CO2 effects of aviation, accompanied, where appropriate, by a proposal on how best tolegislative proposal to include them into the EU ETS for addressing those effects. " Or. en (32003L0087)
Amendment 342 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 10 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 10 a (new)
(10a) In Part A, the section “Calculation” is replaced by the following: "Calculation Calculations of emissions shall be performed using the formula: Activity data × Emission factor × Oxidation factor Activity data (fuel used, production rate etc.) shall be monitored on the basis of supply data or measurement. Accepted emission factors shall be used. Activity-specific emission factors are acceptable for all fuels. Default factors are acceptable for all fuels except non- commercial ones (waste fuels such as tyres and industrial process gases). Seam- specific defaults for coal, and EU-specific or producer country-specific defaults for natural gas shall be further elaborated. IPCC default values are acceptable for refinery products. The emission factors for biomassrenewable fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels produced using hydrogen from renewable sources are zero. This provision shall be replaced by the implementing acts referred to in Article 14. The emission factor for biomass that complies with the sustainability criteria and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for the use of biomass established by Directive (EU) 2018/2001, with any necessary adjustments for application under this Directive, as set out in the implementing acts referred to in Article 14, shall be zero. If the emission factor does not take account of the fact that some of the carbon is not oxidised, then an additional oxidation factor shall be used. If activity-specific emission factors have been calculated and already take oxidation into account, then an oxidation factor need not be applied. Default oxidation factors developed pursuant to Directive 96/61/EC shall be used, unless the operator can demonstrate that activity-specific factors are more accurate. A separate calculation shall be made for each activity, installation and for each fuel. Or. en (32003L0087)