Activities of Christine REVAULT D'ALLONNES BONNEFOY related to 2015/2063(INI)
Plenary speeches (2)
Prevention of radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations (A8-0316/2015 - Rachida Dati) FR
Prevention of radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations (debate) FR
Amendments (51)
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 a (new)
Citation 14 a (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 11 February 2015 on anti-terrorism measures (2015/2530 (RSP)),
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
Aa. whereas the radicalisation of these ‘European fighters’ is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that is based on a series of global, sociological and political factors; whereas it does not correspond to one single profile, and affects men, women and particularly young European citizens of all social origins, who share the common trait of feeling at odds with society; whereas the causes of radicalisation may equally be socio-economic, ideological, personal and psychological, and, for that reason, it has to be understood in the light of the background of each individual concerned;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
Ab. whereas, because of terrorism and radicalisation, there is much stereotyping of religions, which in turn is bringing about renewed upsurges of hate crimes and hate speech motivated by racism, xenophobia or intolerance of opinions, beliefs or religions; whereas it must be pointed out that it is the perverse misuse of religion, and not religion per se, that is one of the causes of radicalisation;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas the terrorist attacks in Paris, Copenhagen and Tunis in early 2015 highlight the danger to security threat which is posed by the presence and movement of these foreigEuropean fighters in the European Union; whereas the European Union has condemned these attacks in the strongest terms and has committed itself to combat terrorism and prevent radicalisation alongside the Member States;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
Ca. whereas violent far-right extremism, which has led to tragic events such as the attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011, is a growing danger across Europe and is the consequence of the increasing normalisation of xenophobic and islamophobic political discourses; whereas, precisely, radicalisation is a wide-ranging phenomenon that concerns all terrorist motivations, be it political, social, ethnic or religious;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. whereas the European Union and its Member States have a responsibility and duty to protect European citizens while guaranteeing that their fundamental rights and individual freedoms are respected in the development and implementation of security policies;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas combating terrorism and preventing the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations still falls essentially within the sphere of competence of the Member States, but whereas these inherently transboundary phenomena shall be understood more effectively at European Union level, on the basis of cooperation between the Member States, of strategies and of common measures; whereas, while the way in which radicalisation is handled differs greatly from one Member State to another, a concerted European approach is thus necessary and will provide added value with a view to harmoniseing the legislation that applies in these areas, in an area where European citizens are free to move;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas concerted European action is required as a matter of urgency to prevent the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens is now a priority and must place particular emphasis on the situation of minors in order to contain this growing phenomenon so as to stem the flow of departures by European citizens to conflict zones and prevent other terrorist acts from being committed on European soil;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas the important thing now is to put greater stress on preventive rather than reactpressive measures to address the radicalisation of European citizens and their recruitment by terrorist organisations;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
Ga. whereas the prevention of radicalisation cannot be based on a repressive approach; whereas, on the contrary, it must be carried out on a case-by-case basis, through dialogue, trust and listening, and the condemnation of resorting to violence as opposed to the condemnation of an idea or opinion; whereas it must be based, first and foremost, on education, integration and the emancipation of individuals, as well as on the fight against discrimination;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
H. whereas it is essential that fundamental rights and civil liberties be respected in allrespecting the rule of law is a prerequisite for the protection of fundamental rights and civil liberties, and it must be inherent in all security measures undertaken by the European Union and its Member States; whereas the security of European citizens is not incompatible with guaranteeing their freedoms; whereas, indeed, these two principles are two sides of the same coin;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. calls on the Commission to establish as quickly as possiblea priority a global strategy to prevent the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens, taking into account all vectors of radicalisation, on the basis of the exchange of best practice and the pooling of skills within the European Union, ands well as the evaluation of measures undertaken in the Member States; takes the view that the Commission should develop, in cooperation with the Member States, an intensive communication strategy onto contribute towards preventing the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. calls on the Commission to establish a common definition of ‘foreigEuropean fighters’ and to carry out an in-depth study of the process and the various influences which lead to radicalisation, with the support of the new Centre of Excellence of the Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN);
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Stresses the importance of making the fullest use of existing instruments to combastem and prevent the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations; recommends that more use should be made of European funds to that end; stresses the major role which can be played by the Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN) in taking on this objective of stamping out the radicalisation of European citizensAN and its Centre of Excellence in taking on this objective, and all the more so if it cooperates more with the political and administrative decision-makers, at a local and national level, with a view to implementing the recommendations made by experts at Member-State level;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls on the Commission to publishropose guidelines on measures to be implemented in Europe's prisons aimed at preventing Europeaninmates from becoming radicalised; recommends that the Member States segregate radicalised inmates within their prisons in order to prevent radicalism from being imposed through intimidation on other inmates and to contain radicalisation in those institutions and containing the spread of radicalisation;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Encourages the establishment of educational programmes in Europe's prisons in order to promote critical thinking and reintegration into society to inmates vulnerable to pressure from radicalised inmates in prison; stresses the need to address prison radicalisation with utmost respect for the human rights of inmates;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Recalls that the internet and social networks plays a significant role in fuelling the radicalisation of European citizens, as ithey facilitates the rapid, large-scale distribution of hate messages and praise for terrorism and constitute a recruitment platform for terrorist groups; expresses concern at the impact that such messages praising terrorism have on young people, who are particularly vulnerable; calls for a dialogue to be launched at European level with the internet giants with a view to preventing the online distribution of hate messages and to eradicating them swiftly, to erasing them swiftly while respecting fundamental rights and the freedom of expression, and in particular to contributing to the distribution of effective discourse to counter terrorist propaganda;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Feels that the internet giants should be made aware of their responsibilities so that they delete illegal content as quickly as possibleor at least de-index illicit content that does not comply with the policy and rules of the internet platform hosting it, as quickly as possible and with full respect for the rule of law, fundamental rights and the freedom of expression; believes that the Member States should plan for the possibility of bringing criminal prosecutions against digital actors who do not take action in response to the spread of illicit messages or messages praising terrorism on their internet platforms; believes that refusal or failure to cooperate on the part of internet platforms which allow such messages to circulate should be considered an act of complicity with praising terrorism and should consequently be punished;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. States that the internet giants, through internet referencing, have the powerinternet referencing must henceforth make it possible to promote radicalisation prevention messages aimed at countering messages that praise terrorism; feels that it is thus their dutya special European cooperation unit should be put in place within Europol with a view to sharing goods practices in the Member States, while permanently cooperating with the internet operators, in order to highlight messages that oppose hate speech and praise for terrorism, thereby making online radicalisation more difficult;
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Believes that online radicalisation cannot be stamped out without reinforcing the tools available to the EU to combat cybercrime; recommends that the European Union strengthen the mandate of the European Cybercrime Centre, Europol and Eurojust so that it can play an effective role in better protecting European citizens against online threats and detecting the digital processes used by terrorist organisations; calls also on the HR/VP to reorganise the EU Situation Centre (SitCen) and the Intelligence Centre (IntCen) and ensure their coordination with the Anti-Terrorism Coordinator to better track online criminal activities, the spread of hate speech related to radicalisation and terrorism; urges Member States, on the other hand, to significantly increase information sharing amongst each other and with the relevant EU structures and agencies;
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14a. Urges Member States to make sure that educational programmes on the use of internet exist in every school (primary education through secondary education) aiming at educating and training responsible, critical and law-abiding internet users;
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 b (new)
Paragraph 14 b (new)
14b. Considers that all measures and new policy making on the part of the EU and of the Member States must obey the proportionality principle and be compliant with fundamental rights and EU values and principles; is of the view that judicial checks must be introduced in all new legislation on the matter, especially in areas where this might impact on freedom of expression and freedom of the media;
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading IV
Subheading IV
IV. Preventing radicalisation through education and integr, integration and combating discrimination
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15 Stresses that schools and education have an important role to play in preventing radicalisation; recalls the crucial role that schools play in helping to promote integration and develop critical thinking; considers that it is essential to promote inclusive dialogue between pupils, in order to ensure that they can live alongside each other, with respect and tolerance, and put citizenship and respect for our values into practice daily while in school, which is a place not only for transfer of knowledge but also for socialisation and emancipation; calls on the Member States to investigate the possibility of introducing, where it does not already exist, education on religious issues in schools;
Amendment 369 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Calls on the European Union to carry out a communication campaign to raise the awareness of young people, as well as supervisory staff, as regards issues of radicalisation, and to seek support from the Member States in order to have access to an effective communication network within them; calls on the Member States to introduce specialist training for teaching staff so that they can detect any suspicious changes in behaviour and properly supervise young people who are at risk of being recruited by terrorist organisations;
Amendment 394 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Stresses that it is vital to engage in dialogue with the various religious communities in order to help reach a better understanding of the phenomenon of, which can help to prevent radicalisation; draws the Member States’ attention to the issue of training religious leaders in order to prevent preachers of hate from appearing in places of worship in Europe, and also of training prison chaplains, particularly when they are around prisoners deemed to be radicalised; notes that prevention of radicalisation should not stigmatise any faith or religion;
Amendment 409 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. Highlights the crucial importance of making all actors aware of their responsibility to prevent radicalisation, whether at local, national, European or international level; encourages the establishment of close cooperation between all civil society actors, including national and local platforms for cooperation between actors on the ground, such as associations, NGOs, victims of terrorism, their families and the families of victimsthose who have been radicalised; calls, in this regard, for the introduction of training adapted for the actors on the ground dealing with potentially radicalised European citizens and for additional financial support for those actors;
Amendment 423 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Ffeels that those local actors have a crucial role to play in the development of projects adapted to their towns or organisations, in addition to their role as an integrating factor for those European citizens who feel at odds with society and tempted by radicalisation; feels that the Member States should support the establishment of structures facilitating, in particular, the supervision of young people, as well as exchanges with families, schools, hospitals, universities and so on; notes that such associations and organisations, which do not bear the mark of governments, sometimes achieve bettercan achieve excellent results in reintegrating citizens who are on the path towards radicalisation into society;
Amendment 439 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Considers it vital to set up an alert system in each Member State which would allow families and community members to easily and swiftly flag the development of radical behavioursudden behavioural change that might signal a process of radicalisation or a European citizen's or an EU resident departure to join a terrorist organisation;
Amendment 450 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20a. Deplores all forms of discrimination and violence motivated by racism, xenophobia, or intolerance of a religion, belief, or faith; condemns the recent increase in hate incidents and crimes, in particular with regard to Jewish and Muslim citizens, including online; considers that combating racism, prejudice and stereotypes and promoting tolerance make an essential contribution to the prevention of radicalisation: invites the European Union and its Member States to protect freedom of expression, thought, conscience and fundamental rights within their territory;
Amendment 452 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 b (new)
Paragraph 20 b (new)
20b. considers that a feeling or experience of marginalisation and discrimination can contribute to radicalisation; urges the EU and the Member States to mainstream social inclusion and non-discrimination measures in their strategies for prevention of radicalisation;
Amendment 462 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Reiterates its desire to see the so- called ‘EU PNR' directive swiftly adopted before the end of 2015 in order to enable the movements of European citizens likely to adopt a terrorist ideology to be tracked; recalls, however, that the EU PNR will not be enough to prevent the recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisationsTakes note of the preparation of a Directive on EU PNR , which should harmonise current practices by Member States and enable the travelling to the EU and from the EU to third countries of terrorist suspects to be tracked; warns of the utmost importance of making PNR fully compliant with fundamental rights, namely anti-discrimination, EU data protection rules and with EU principles and values in general; recalls, however, that the EU PNR will not be enough to prevent the recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations and should only be considered as one piece of a toolbox, which should involve foreign policy, social policy, education policy, law enforcement and justice;
Amendment 470 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22
Paragraph 22
22. Insists on the absolute necessity of stepping up the exchange of information between the law enforcement authorities in the Member States, coordinated by Europol, in particular through improved use of existing databases such as the SIS and VIS; stresses that stepping up the exchange of information between law enforcement authorities will also entail increasing trust between Member States and also reinforcing the role of European Union agencies, such as Europol and Eurojust;
Amendment 484 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Stresses that improved cooperation between the Member States aimed at countering the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens is also characterised by intensive exchanges between the judicial authoritiesthe response of the Member States to the radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens would be all the more effective if it was also based on enhanced judicial cooperation under the aegis of Eurojust, with shared minimum standards; therefore calls for further harmonisation at European level of criminal law applicable to acts of terrorism; Notes that better reporting at European level on the criminal records of European citizens at risk of being radicalised would help speed up their detection and make it easier for them to be properly monitored, either when they leave or when they return; encourages, therefore, the reform of the ECRIS system;
Amendment 503 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24 a (new)
Paragraph 24 a (new)
24a. Considers that the EU and Member States should take measures to ensure that judges and prosecutors are adequately and continuously trained on terrorism-related crimes;
Amendment 505 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24 b (new)
Paragraph 24 b (new)
24b. Calls for reinforced capacities for Eurojust's Coordination Centre, which should play a critical role in promoting joint action of Members judicial authorities in the collection of evidence and enhance effectiveness of prosecutions of crimes related to terrorism; is, in this regard, of the view that more use should be made of the Joint Investigation Teams instrument, both among Member States and between Member States and third countries with which Eurojust has established cooperation agreements;
Amendment 513 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Believes that criminalising terrorist acts carried out by foreigEuropean fighters requires the collection of evidence in third countries to be possible; calls, therefore, on the European Union to work on establishing judicial cooperation agreements with third countries in order to facilitate such processes;
Amendment 514 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25 a (new)
Paragraph 25 a (new)
25a. Encourages, therefore, the establishment of cooperation agreements between Eurojust with third countries, as those already established with the USA, Norway and Switzerland, stressing, nevertheless, the need to ensure full compliance with EU data protection and privacy rules; points out that priority to establish these agreements should be given to countries that are also particularly hit by terrorism, such as MENA countries; additionally, is of the view that the deployment of Eurojust liaison prosecutors in the relevant countries, namely in the southern neighbourhood, would foster more exchange of information and enable better cooperation to effectively fight terrorism;
Amendment 546 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Calls on Member States to share good practices in regard to exit checks on radicalised EU citizenterrorist suspects and how to manage the return of citizens who have taken part in terrorist activities in conflict theatres abroad; supports in particular Member States confiscating the passports of EU citizens planning to join terrorist organisations;
Amendment 566 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)
Paragraph 28 a (new)
28a. Is seriously convinced that any policy making in the field of terrorism and radicalisation needs to pool together the expertise and assets of the internal and external dimensions of EU policy; believes, in this regard, that it is in this holistic approach that an adequate response may be drawn to fight terrorism and terrorist recruitment inside the EU and in its neighbourhood; urges therefore the Commission and the EEAS, under the leadership and guidance of both the HR/VP and the First Vice-President of the Commission, with the support of the Anti-Terrorism Coordinator, to work together in designing a policy approach that effectively combines the tools of social policy (including employment, integration and anti-discrimination), humanitarian aid, development, conflict resolution, crisis management, trade, energy and any other policy area that might have an internal-external dimension;
Amendment 568 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. Stresses once more the vital importance of the European Union establishing close cooperation with non-EU countries, notably transit countries and those to which foreigEuropean fighters are heading, insofar as this is possible, and while respecting the Charter of Fundamental Rights, in order to be able to identify EU citizens leaving to fight for terrorist organisations or returning thereafter;
Amendment 575 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. Is convinced that for such enhanced cooperation to be established the Commission, and the European External Action Service (EEAS) in particular, need to make greater efforts in terms of Arabic- speaking staff and spokespersonincreasing and improving expertise in the matters of fighting terrorism, non- conventional armed conflict and radicalisation, reinforce and diversify the current level of language skills, such as Arabic, Urdu, Russian and Mandarin, which is seriously lacking among European information and intelligence services; considers it essential that the EUʼs call to combat terrorism, radicalisation and violence can be heard beyond its own borders;
Amendment 584 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Acknowledges that the phenomenon of radicalisation and recruitment of EU citizens is a global phenomenon; believes that the response to this phenomenon ought to be international and not just local or European; considers therefore that cooperation with EU partner countries that are facing similar challenges, such as Canada or the United States, has to be stepped up;
Amendment 603 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. States that a comprehensive approach to preventing the radicalisation and recruitment of EU citizens by terrorist organisations can only be successfully put in place if accompanied by measures to deradicalise EU citizens beguiled by terrorist rhetoric; calls on the European Union therefore to facilitate the sharing by Member States of good practices in regard to putting in place deradicalisation structures to prevent EU citizens leaving the EU or to control their return thereto; stresses that it is essential to avoid a punitive approach in developing such deradicalisation measures, and that they should instead proceed through dialogue, trust and listening, responding to the history of each individual;
Amendment 612 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. calls on the EU and Member States to implement a common strategy with respect to EU citizens who have returned from fighting for terrorist organisations, disillusioned by what they have experienced and seeking to reintegrate into society; Suggests that Member States examine the idea of including mentors in the process to deradicalise EU citizens who have returned from fighting for terrorist organisationthese EU fighters, particularly young people, together with social and therapeutic measures, to help support them in their reintegration into society;
Amendment 624 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34
Paragraph 34
34. Supports the development of a communication campaign at EU level based on the experiences of ʽformer foreigEuropean fightersʼ whose eye-witness accounts and traumatic experiences help strip away the religious significance of fighting for terrorist organisations such as ISIS; encourages Member States therefore to develop such structures enabling face-to- face meetings and dialogue with former fighters; emphasises furthermore that contact with victims of terrorism also seems to be an effective means of stripping radical rhetoric of its religious significance;
Amendment 650 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 36
Paragraph 36
36. Calls on Member States to participate in efforts to trace external flows of funding and to display transparency in their relations with certain Gulf countries, with the aim of stepping up cooperation in order to shine a light on the financing of terrorism and fundamentalism in Africa and the Middle East, but also by some associations in Europe;