18 Amendments of Marina KALJURAND related to 2020/2016(INI)
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas digital technologies in general and artificial intelligence (AI) in particular bring with them extraordinary promise; whereas AI iscould be one of the strategic technologies of the 21st century, that may generatinge substantial benefits in efficiency, accuracy, and convenience, and thus bringing positive change to the European economy; whereas AI should not be seen as an end in itself, but as a tool for serving people, with the ultimate aim of increasing human well-being;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
A a. whereas AI can be seen as the ability of a system to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation; Whereas the key components of development in AI are the availability of vast quantities of: data, computing power, and human capital and talent;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
A b. whereas, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring understanding of context or critical analysis; whereas, some AI applications have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks, and can provide results in a completely different speed and scale;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)
Recital A c (new)
A c. whereas several Member States use the application of embedded artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the field of law enforcement;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas the use of AI technology should be developed in such a way as to put people at its center and therefore to be worth of public trust;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
C a. whereas AI systems always have to be in the service of humans and have the ultimate safety valve of being designed so that they can always be shut down by a human operator;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas AI applications may offer great opportunities in the field of law enforcement, in particular in improving the working methods of law enforcement agencies and judicial authorities, and combating certain types of crime more efficiently, in particular financial crime, money laundering and terrorist financing, as well as certain types of cybercrime; while at the same time entailing significant risks for the fundamental rights of people;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas AI applications in use by law enforcement include applications such as facial recognition technologies, automated number plate recognition, speaker identification, speech identification, lip-reading technologies, aural surveillance (i.e. gunshot detection algorithms), autonomous research and analysis of identified databases, forecasting (predictive policing and crime hotspot analytics), behaviour detection tools, autonomous tools to identify financial fraud and terrorist financing, social media monitoring (scraping and data harvesting for mining connections), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) catchers, and automated surveillance systems incorporating different detection capabilities (such as heartbeat detection and thermal cameras); whereas the aforementioned applications have vastly varying degrees of reliability and accuracy as well as potentially significant effects on the protection of fundamental rights;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas use of AI in law enforcement entails a number of phigh risks for the protenctial riskon of fundamental rights of individuals, such as opaque decision- making, different types of discrimination, and risks to the protection of privacy and personal data, the protection of freedom of expression and information, and the presumption of innocence;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Considers, in this regard, that any AI tool either developed or used by law enforcement or judiciary should, as a minimum, be safe, secure and fit for purpose, respect the principles of data minimisation, fairness, accountability, transparency and explainability, with their deploymentvelopment, deployment and use subject to a strict necessity and proportionality test;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Sees with great concern the potential of mass surveillance by means of AI technologies in the law enforcement sector; Highlights the importanceerative need of preventing such mass surveillance by means of AI technologies, and of banning any applications that would result in it;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Highlights how individuals have become overly trusting in the seemingly objective and scientific nature of AI tools and thus fail to consider the possibility of their results being incorrect, incomplete or irrelevant, with potentially grave adverse consequences specifically in the area of law enforcement and justice; Emphasises the over-reliance on the results provided for by AI systems, and notes with concern the lack of confidence and knowledge, by authorities, to question or override an algorithmic recommendation;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Underlines that in judicial and law enforcement contexts, the final decision always needs to be taken by a human, who can be held accountable for the decisions made, and include the possibility of a recourse for a remedy; reminds that under EU law, automated individual decision making shall not be based on special categories of personal data (personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person's sex life or sexual orientation), unless suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests are in place; highlights that EU law prohibits profiling that results in discrimination against natural persons on the basis of special categories of personal data;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Calls for, in order to guarantee the algorithmic explainability and transparency of law enforcement AI systems, only such tools to be allowed to be purchased by the law enforcement in the Union, which algorithms and logic are open, to at least the police forces themselves, that can be audited, evaluated and vetted by them, and not closed and labelled proprietary by the vendors;
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12 a (new)
Paragraph 12 a (new)
12 a. calls for clear and appropriate time limits to be established for the erasure of personal data or for a periodic review of the need for the storage of personal data processed or generated by AI technologies for law enforcement purposes;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. CallsReminds that EU law (Directive (EU) 2016/680) already foresees a mandatory data protection impact assessment for any type of processing, in particular, using new technologies, that is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons and is of the opinion that this is the case for all AI technologies in the area of law enforcement; Calls in addition for a compulsory fundamental rights impact assessment to be conducted prior to the implementation or deployment of any AI systems for law enforcement or judiciary, in order to assess any potential risks to fundamental rights;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Calls for a moratorium on the deployment of facial recognition systems for specific law enforcement operations, until the technical standards can be considered fully fundamental rights compliant, results derived are non- discriminatory, and there is public trust in the necessity and proportionality for the deployment of such technologies; calls for a ban of the use of facial recognition in the public sphere where not used in specific law enforcement operations;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 a (new)
Paragraph 16 a (new)
16 a. Calls for the Fundamental Rights Agency, in collaboration with the European Data Protection Board and the European Data Protection Supervisor to draft comprehensive guidelines for the development, use and deployment of AI applications and solutions for the use by law enforcement and judicial authorities;