72 Amendments of Gheorghe FALCĂ related to 2021/2046(INI)
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Stresses the need for ambitious policies to reduce transport’s reliance on fossil fuels without delayAcknowledges transport’s reliance on fossil fuels and stresses the need for ambitious policies to decarbonise all transport modes; calls on the Commission and Member States to adopt and implement a coherent long-term strategy for the transition towards a sustainable transport system, and to design a stable regulatory framework to ensure predictability for stakeholders, businesses, SMEs as well as citizens;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. Points out the essential role played by transport in safeguarding the well- being and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU single market, while ensuring the free movement of people and goods within EU internal borders;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1 b. Reiterates the importance to base the policy measures set out in the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy on comprehensive impact assessments that take into account economic, environmental and social consequences as well as the diverse mobility needs of users;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Believes that the challenges ahead are also, especially in the aftermath of the COVID- 19 pandemic, are an opportunity for the Union industrial leadership in clean technologies such as gaseous fuels, batteries or hydrogen, as well as in the related industrial ecosystems, for boosting jobs and supporting strategic value chains; stresses the need to avoid dependence from external suppliers in strategic sectors to achieve the strategic autonomy of our Union; welcomes the new European partnerships under Horizon Europe related to mobility; and the EU strategy for critical raw materials
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas the Green Deal outlines that the transport sector needs to cut at least 90 % of its emissions by 2050, while at the same time transport needs to be kept affordable and the industry competitive at least at current levels;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
Aa. whereas the results of the assessment of the impact of a provision in the context of Mobility Package I, published on 18 February 2021 by the European Commission show that the provision of regular return of the vehicle to the Member State of establishment every eight weeks will result in up to 2,9 million tonnes of additional CO2 emissions in 2023, representing an increase of 4,6% on the international road freight emissions in 2023.1а _________________ 1аAssessment of the impact of a provision in the context of the revision of Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 and Regulation (EC) No 1072/2009 Final Report, Study contract no. MOVE/C1/SER/2050-557/SI2.830443 https://op.europa.eu/en/publication- detail/-/publication/b35587b8-72a1-11eb- 9ac9-01aa75ed71a1
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area’ identified the main shortcomichallenges of mobility in the Union already in 2011, most of which are still present today;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas transport is the only major economic sector in the Union where greenhouse gas emissions have increased since 1990, and even with the measures currently planned, emission levels will remain above 1990 levels in 2030; whereas inland freight transport could increase by over 50 % between now and 2050;he fuel efficiency of transport increased considerably over the last decades while the Euro class regulation successfully decreased road borne pollutants at the same time; Transport got safer for all Europeans and due to deregulation and technological progress all Europeans could afford to increase their mobility. The backside of this positive development was an overall increase of CO2 emissions from the sector, which needs to be addressed until 2050 while at the same time the achievements and benefits for our Citizens have to be safeguarded.
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas the decarbonisation of transport will only reduce the Union’s dependence on imports of fossil fuels and strengthen Europe’s energy security if biofuels and synthetic fuels are produced in Europe;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
Da. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic is having a detrimental impact on collective sustainable transport services due to the travel restrictions and to the limited accessibility to passenger services, and the need to adopt further substantial support schemes to ensure the recovery of sustainable transport sector should be taken in adequate consideration;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas road transport is still dominant in freight transport and accounts for more than 73 % of all land transport while rail has only around a 17 % share and inland waterways a bit more than 5 %, and whereas a substantial growth in sustainable modal shift for freight requires a considerable increase of the investments in the transport infrastructure, in intermodal terminals and logistic nodes, in the digital applications for interoperability, such as ERTMS, and for increasing freight capacity, such as the digital automatic coupling (DAC);
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas road transport is still dominantthe most reliable and cost efficient mode in freight transport and accounts for more than 73 % of all land transport while rail has to overcome its sector specific patchwork of rules in order to increase its share from only around a 17 % share and inland waterwaysand investments in inland waterways infrastructure needs to be ramped up to increase its share of a bit more than 5 %;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls for a holistic approach based on the principle of technology neutrality and the life cycle assessment to increase the share of renewable and low-carbon energy in the transport sector, where the further development and deployment of low- and zero-emission vehicles should play a key role; the further development and deployment of electric vehicles should play a key role;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas increased rates of cross- border rail passenger transport will play a decisive role to achieve the decarbonisation targets, and whereas large scale infrastructure projects along the TEN-T corridors will have to be completed to allow for a substantial increase of long-distance high–speed services for passengers;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls on Member States to implement the Clean Energy Package in order to facilitate the production and management of the increased renewable electricitnergy needed to decarbonise the transport sector;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas some automotive manufacturers have announced a phase- out date for internal combustion engines for light-duty vehicles; whereas the industry has indicated that there will be 200 000 zero-emission heavy-duty-vehicles on European roads by 2030internal combustion engines already allow zero-emission or negative-emission operations if bio fuels or synthetic fuels are used;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for measures to unlock the potential of the energy efficiency first principle by boosting opportunities from digitalisation and electrificationdecarbonisation of the transport sector;;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Fa. whereas technology neutrality is the most efficient way to address the different individual mobility needs of citizens and businesses, and it enables the market to offer tailored solution for the different challenges of rural and urban environments;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F b (new)
Recital F b (new)
Fb. whereas co-modality should be the central element for any transport policy which aims to improve affordability, availability and reliability of mobility by promoting competition within the modes, especially within rail;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Calls on the Commission to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the possibilities for advanced biofuels and associated infrastructure development in the EU, such as options for the greater uptake of sustainable alternative fuels, in particular in the aviation and maritime sectors, as part of the review of RED II;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
H. whereas the Commission report on the application of Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative infrastructure identified shortcomings that could undermine the overall uptake of zero-emission vehiclesneed to come forward with an impact assessment and corresponding policy proposals which enables the European Parliament and the Council to choose the most suitable way to reduce CO2 emissions under the precondition that transport needs to stay as affordable as it is today;
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7 a. Underlines that the technology for the production of renewable and low- carbon fuels is available and needs to be deployed on a large scale without delay. Welcomes in this regard the intention to establish a Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuels Value Chain Alliance, whose scope should cover all transport modes, with the aim to boost the supply and deployment of the most promising fuels;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
Ha. whereas the financial instruments under the NGEU, the National Recovery Plans, the ERDF and the CEF instrument will play a crucial role in advancing national and EU investments in the de- carbonisation and the digitization of transport infrastructure and services, and adequate synergies should be ensured among all these instruments on a long- term perspective;
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Calls for increased effortsWelcomes the European flagship “Recharge and Refuel” under the Recovery and Resilience Facility; calls for increased efforts in the upcoming review of the Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Directive to achieve a EU-wide roll-out of recharging and refuelling infrastructures and the adoption of harmonised standards to ensure interoperability.
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H b (new)
Recital H b (new)
Hb. whereas the Joint Undertaking Europe’s rail under the HE programme will play a crucial role to enhance research, development and the industrialization of innovative technological outputs in the transport sector, and appropriate synergies should be established with other JUs and Alliances with applications in the same ecosystems, e.g. Clean Hydrogen, to deliver innovative and competitive sustainable solutions, while helping to overcome the budgetary constraints of the JUs;
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8 a. Highlights the importance of providing support to the research and development of the most promising and sustainable technologies, like gaseous fuels, hydrogen, hybrid and electric ones, following a technology neutral approach based on life-cycle GHG emissions, in order to accelerate the transition to the next generation of decarbonised transport systems.
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Welcomes the Commission’s sustainable and smart mobility strategy and supports its ambition to achieve a climate- neutral, digitalised, competitive, affordable, resilient, reliable, and efficient transport sector;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Calls on the Commission that all upcoming policy decisions related to the CO2 targets as laid out in the Green Deal must follow the life-cycle approach.
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Calls on the Commission to formulate clear benchmarks and establish an annual report on the progress, including proposals for corrective measures if targets do not materialize.
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to support the sustainable and smart mobility transformation through the Next Generation EU recovery package by investing in research, rail infrastructure and by supporting European based production facilities for alternative fuels;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Reminds that the objectives envisioned in the Whitepaper for a ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area’ in 2011 are yet to be achieved; therefore, calls on the Commission and the Member States for a more concrete approach, adopting measurable legislative and economic milestones to assess the progress towards 2030 and 2050 objectives;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Welcomes the Commission’s efforts to accelerate the uptake of zero- emission vehicles and zero-emission fuels; calls on the Commission to aim for higher numbers of zero-emission light- and heavy-duty vehicles by 2030 and to propose more stringent CO2 standards and air-pollutant emission standardsreiterates that the measurements of CO2 Emissions at the tail pipe is insufficient and calls on the Commission to immediately come forward with an holistic life-cycle emission approach for all modes of transport;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Welcomes the Commission’s efforts to accelerate the uptake of zero- emission vehicles and low- and zero- emission fuels; calls on the Commission to aim for higher numbers of zero-emission light- and heavy- duty vehicles by 2030 and to propose more stringent CO2 standards and air-pollutant emission standards; , while considering accompanying measures to support the market uptake of zero- emission heavy-duty vehicles, such as the revision of rules on weight and dimensions.
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Calls on the Commission to incorporate biofuels and synthetic fuels into the CO2 fleet targets for passenger cars, vans and heavy duty vehicles;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Believes that there is a strategic opportunity for Europe to become a leader in developing and producing alternative drive vehicles in particular in the heavy-duty sector, including for trucks and coaches, and calls on the European Commission to take the necessary steps towards this objective;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Reiterates that Europe’s legacy fleet of 330 million vehicles can only reduce their CO2 footprint with biofuels and synthetic fuels;
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Commission to propose binding targets for public charging points as well as for hydrogen refuelling stations; believes that Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure2 should be transformed into a regulation; _________________ 2 OJ L 307 28.10.2014, p. 1.come forward with an ETS system for all modes of transport and ensure a rigid monitoring and enforcement;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Underlines that zero-emissionalternative fuels, such as clean hydrogen and, synthetic fuels and biofuels, should be used in accordance with the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle, mainly for those transport modes where direct electrification is not possible or not yet market-readyll modes of transport in order to reap the benefits provided by economy of scales;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Welcomes the announced proposals on sustainable fuels for aviation and maritime; underlines that any use of biofuels needs to meet the EU sustainability criteria, which takewaterborne transport; underlines that a holistic approach for every mode and every energy carrier needs to be measured against its life- cycle greenhouse gas emissions into account;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Calls on the Commission to provide incentives for, and support research into and the development of alternative propulsion systems that use direct electricity or fuel cells in the maritime and aviation sectin all modes of transporst;
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Welcomes the confirmation of EGNOS funding and activities within the new Space Programme regulation and highlights that EGNOS procedures have been deployed in over 300 airports supporting the sustainable growth of airports;
Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Welcomes the Commission’s idea to offer consumers carbon-neutral choices for scheduled collective travel by 2030, but underlines that these choices should be available for journeys up to 1 000 km; Reiterates that a timely adopted legislation on an ETS for all modes of transport will enable the market to offer consumers carbon-neutral choices for scheduled collective and individual travel from 2030 onwards;
Amendment 369 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Underlines the opportunity to support long distance high-speed connections below reasonable distances for cross-border and national travels between major European urban nodes provided that modern high quality high- speed infrastructure is in place; therefore recommends that the Trans-Europa Express initiative is complemented with ambitious commitments to complete cross- border connections and missing links;
Amendment 377 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Stresses the need to complete missing cross-border links to improve interurban cross-country connections; reminds the positive impact that the establishment of competitive high quality high speed train connections between Urban nodes had in some Member States in terms of travel quality and accessibility of urban and touristic areas where high- quality high-speed services are provided in a competitive rail market framework;
Amendment 420 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Calls on the Member States to significantly increase their efforts to increase the share of walking and cycling in urban and ruralmake better use of inland waterways in urban areas;
Amendment 444 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Calls on the Commission to propose a coherent legislative framework and proper enforcement tools to enable the market to offer mobility solutions that includefit the demand for the first and the last mile, thereby integrating the use of sustainable public transport and private mobility solutions;
Amendment 484 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. Welcomes the Commission’s continued support to shift freight transport towards rail and inland waterways; regrets the fact that, despite these efforts, the share of road freight transport has increased in recent yearsiterates that without a Single European Railway Area and competition within the rail sector modal shift will not take place; underlines that sufficient trimodal terminals are a key to achieve this goal;
Amendment 485 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Paragraph 13 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Underlines that rail has the biggest potential to realise efficiency gain, recalls that policy actions should be prioritised which increase capacity, reliability, availability and seamless cross border operations of rail freight across the Union;
Amendment 488 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13a. Taking into account the objectives of the European Green Deal and the increase of 4,6 % on the international road freight emissions in 2023 that the Mobility Package I provision of the compulsory return of the vehicle to the Member State of establishment every eight weeks will generate, stresses the need to renew the debate in the Council and in the European Parliament; calls therefore on the Commission to find proper solutions in order to prevent the application of this provision in February 20221a. _________________ 1aAssessment of the impact of a provision in the context of the revision of Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 and Regulation (EC) No1072/2009Final Report, Study contract no. MOVE/C1/SER/2050-557/SI2.830443 https://op.europa.eu/en/publication- detail/-/publication/b35587b8-72a1-11eb- 9ac9-01aa75ed71a1
Amendment 497 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Amendment 520 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Stresses the need to complete the internalisation of external costs for all modes of transportincorporate and monitor the implementation of the user pays and polluter pays principle for all modes of transport, while measuring the impact of each technology on the basis of a life-cycle analysis;
Amendment 526 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Welcomes the incluscreation of the maritime sector in thean EU emissions trading system (ETS) and the planned reduction of allowances allocated for free to the aviation sectfor transport;
Amendment 551 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Rejects the direct inclusion of emissions from road transport in the EU ETS, including the setting up of any kind of parallel schemeWelcomes the creation of a parallel scheme for an ETS transport;
Amendment 560 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Insists on the phasing-out of direct and indirect fossil fuel subsidies by 2022 in the Union and in each Member State, and cConsiders the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive as the besta possibility to achieve a stable and predictable carbon pricelevel playing field for all energy carriers across the Member States;
Amendment 571 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Insists on an Impact Assessment on ETS and the Energy Taxation Directive with a special focus on the affordability for consumers and global competitiveness of our companies for all modes and including all possible ways to replace conventional fuels with batteries, synthetic fuels, biofuels, bio-LNG, shore power and hydrogen carriers;
Amendment 575 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. Highlights that carbon pricing is not the sole way forward to tackle CO2 emissions from road transport modes and stresses the importance of the Climate Action RegulationStresses, that the revenues created through an ETS for transport have to be earmarked for the transport sector;
Amendment 590 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Welcomes the initiative to implement multimodal ticketing, and encourages the Commission to include public service obligations stakeholders in the process from the very beginning; nevertheless, reminds the need to ensure an adequate level playing field among all transport operators and the digital platforms in terms of data access and exchange;
Amendment 591 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Welcomes the initiative to implement multimodal ticketing, and encourages the Commission to include public service obligations; reiterates that mandatory data sharing is the key to unlock the full potential of multimodality and encourages the Commission to enable a level playing field between all the stakeholders in the process from the very beginning;
Amendment 605 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21a. Reiterates, that Galileo plays a crucial role in making all modes of transport more efficient, calls on the Commission to incorporate all GNSS services into the frame of the European Mobility Data Space and to promote and enable the use of those data by authorities, companies and citizens;
Amendment 610 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 b (new)
Paragraph 21 b (new)
21b. Calls on the Commission to propose a harmonised framework for digital enforcement in all modes of transport and to amend the corresponding legislation in order to make electronical information on licenses, vehicles, drivers and certificates mandatory;
Amendment 613 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22
Paragraph 22
22. Encourages the Commission to commit strongly to the Shift2Rail and SESAR Joint Undertakings as well as the development of the Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information Systems; furthermore, recommends that the Commission adopt all useful measures to ensure adequate synergies among the JUs and with other EU financial programmes with the aim to boost the industrial and innovative outputs of the JUs;
Amendment 616 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Highlights that all means of digitalisation should be used toimproves efficiency which decreases greenhouse gas emissions and increase transport safety; believes that it is of vital importance to ensure that every step of digitalisation contributes to a lower overall transport volum, while at the same time transport becomes safer, more reliable and affordable;
Amendment 643 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Notes that the shift towards sustainable and smart mobility requires an appropriate legal framework to ensure the sharing of data and proper data-integration between all relevant stakeholders, provided that a level playing field among all the stakeholders involved in terms of data access and exchange is ensured;
Amendment 644 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Notes that the shift towards sustainable and smart mobility requires the sharing of data and proper data-integration between all relevant stakeholders, calls on the Commission to ensure that incumbent transport companies are not abusing their position when it comes to booking platforms;
Amendment 694 #
27a. Points out that in particular the single market for rail and short sea shipping is still not functioning, as they are either subject to different national rules, protectionism or custom checks; Encourages the Commission to urgently address and remove existing competitive distortions in those modes of transport;
Amendment 713 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27 b (new)
Paragraph 27 b (new)
27b. Reiterates that fair and transparent competition is a fundamental prerequisite to unlock the full potential of the Single Market; Calls on the Commission to ensure the effective opening of national rail markets;
Amendment 727 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28
28. Stresses that the shift towards sustainable and smart mobility can create new high-quality jobs; believes that possible negative consequences that this shift may have for workers should be mitigated via social funding and a specific strategy for re- and upskilling as well as the redeployment of workers, thereby ensuring a just transitionmust not lead to a redeployment of jobs and factories into third countries;
Amendment 747 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. Calls for theto strengthening of the social dialogue in order to eliminate any form of discrimination and unequal treatment nsure that equal opportunities with regards to education and apprenticeship are achieved within the transport sector;
Amendment 769 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30 a (new)
Paragraph 30 a (new)
30a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that every Citizen has the equal opportunity to pursue a career in the field of transport;
Amendment 772 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Believes that the Union’s industrial strategy, in particular the European Battery and Hydrogen AllianceGreen Deal is only a success, if individual and collective mobility stays affordable, the Union becomes less reliant from third countries especially with regards to rare earth, rare metals and energy, whill help to create well-paid and securee at the same time our industries maintains their position as global leaders, thus securing and creating well-paid jobs throughout the Union;
Amendment 802 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32 a (new)
Paragraph 32 a (new)
32a. Stresses the importance for the Commission to continuing providing financial and technical support for ground and airborne equipment in order to ensure the full exploitation of satellite navigation in the field of aviation, such as space-based augmentation (SBAS) technologies that enable precision approaches in airports and ground-based augmentation systems (GBAS) which enable all weather and low visibility operations highlighting that they both lead to future rationalization of ground navigation systems and improve the environmental impacts of airports;