57 Amendments of Nicolás GONZÁLEZ CASARES related to 2021/0426(COD)
Amendment 293 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) As announced in the Green Deal, the Commission presented its Renovation Wave strategy on 14 October 202030 . The strategy contains an action plan with concrete regulatory, financing and enabling measures, with the objective to at least double the annual energy renovation rate of buildings by 2030 and to foster deep renovations by more than 35 million building and the creation up to 160 000 jobs in the construction sector. The revision of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is necessary as one of the vehicles to deliver on the Renovation Wave. It will also contribute to delivering on the New European Bauhaus initiative and the European mission on climate- neutral and smart cities, and should follow the pathway drawn by the New European Bauhaus as a previous phase of the Renovation Wave. _________________ 30 A Renovation Wave for Europe - greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives, COM/2020/662 final.
Amendment 297 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5 a) As the energy efficiency first principle is at the core of a more circular economy system, the Commission should pay greater attention to the building sector which accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption in the Union, not to mention that 75% of Union buildings are still energy-inefficient. By better integrating circularity in the building sector, the infrastructures and technical capabilities of a building in an overall holistic approach would secure longer life spans as well as lower energy consumption, while setting concrete decarbonisation and depollution pathways for this sector.
Amendment 306 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) Buildings and all its components and materials are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions before, during and after their operational lifetime. The 2050 vision for a decarbonised building stock goes beyond the current focus on operational greenhouse gas emissions. The whole life-cycle emissions of buildings should therefore progressively be taken into account, starting with new buildings. Buildings are a significant material bank, being repositories for resources over many decades, and the design options largely influence the whole life-cycle emissions both for new buildings and renovations. The whole life-cycle performance of buildings should be taken into account not only in new construction, but also in renovations through the inclusion of policies for the reduction of whole life- cycle greenhouse gas emissions in Member States’ building renovation plans.
Amendment 307 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7 a (new)
Recital 7 a (new)
(7 a) In this regard, a link should be made with the principles of the circular economy and the leading role of the New European Bauhaus that wants to promote greater circularity in the built environment, by promoting renovation and adaptive re-use over demolition and new built, as appropriate.
Amendment 309 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7 b (new)
Recital 7 b (new)
Amendment 316 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Buildings are responsible for about half of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in the EU that cause premature death and illness. Improving energy performance and the use of nature- based and healthier constructions materials of buildings can and should reduce pollutant emissions at the same time, in line with Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and the Council33 . _________________ 33 Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, p.1).
Amendment 318 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) Measures to improve further the energy performance of buildings should take into account climatic conditions, including adaptation to climate change, local conditions as well as indoor climate environment and cost-effectiveness. Those measures should not affect other requirements concerning buildings such as accessibility , fire, heating and electrical installation safety and seismic safety and the intended use of the building.
Amendment 325 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) The energy performance of buildings should be calculated on the basis of a methodology, which may be differentiated at national and regional level. That includes, in addition to thermal characteristics, other factors that play an increasingly important role such as heating and air-conditioning installations, application of energy from renewable sources, building automation and control systems, heat recovery from wastewater, ventilation and cooling, smart solutions, passive heating and cooling elements, shading, indoor air- quality, adequate natural light and design of the building. The methodology for calculating energy performance should be based not only on the season in which heating or air- conditioning is required, but should cover the annual energy performance of a building. That methodology should take into account existing European standards. The methodology should ensure the representation of actual operating conditions and enable the use of metered energy to verify correctness and for comparability, and the methodology should be based on hourly or sub-hourly time- steps. In order to encourage the use of renewable energy on-site, including roof solar panels in line with the European Solar Rooftops Initiative, and in addition to the common general framework, Member States should take the necessary measures so that the benefits of maximising the use of renewable energy on-site, including for other-uses (such as electric vehicle charging points), are recognised and accounted for in the calculation methodology.
Amendment 340 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
Amendment 347 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 18 a (new)
Recital 18 a (new)
(18 a) In addition to the measures proposed by the Commission, it is necessary to create a definition of vulnerable areas/neighbourhoods associated to energy poverty that allows for more accurate detection of less developed micro-areas (rural and urban) encompassed within more developed areas. In this way, it would contribute to the identification and location of the mostvulnerable social sectors and those suffering from energy poverty, thus helping to fight against social inequalities that may arise from the application of the different climate action measures. 75% of Union buildings are deemed inefficient contributing to over 40% of our energy consumption. Moreover, inefficient housing is a systemic root cause of energy poverty, with harrowing 50 million Europeans living in energy poverty unable to adequately light, heat or cool their homes and over 20% of poor households in the Union live in a dwelling that has mould, damp or rot.
Amendment 367 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 23 a (new)
Recital 23 a (new)
Amendment 376 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 25
Recital 25
(25) The introduction of minimum energy performance standards should be accompanied by an enabling framework including technical assistance and financial measures. Minimum energy performance standards set at national level do not amount to “Union standards” within the meaning of State aid rules, while Union- wide minimum energy performance standards might be considered constituting such “Union standards”. In line with revised State aid rules, Member States may grant State aid to building renovation to comply with the Union-wide energy performance standards, namely to achieve a certain energy performance class, until those Union-wide standards become mandatory. Once the standards are mandatory, Member States may continue to grant State aid for the deep renovation of buildings and building units falling under the Union-wide energy performance standards as long as the building renovation aims at a higher standard than the specified minimum energy performance class.
Amendment 393 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 32
Recital 32
(32) Staged renovation can be a solution to address the issues of high upfront costs and hassle for the inhabitants that may occur when renovating ‘in one go’. However, such staged renovation needs to be carefully planned in order to avoid that one renovation step precludes necessary subsequent steps. Renovation passports provide a clear roadmap for staged renovation, helping owners and investors plan the best timing and scope for interventions. Therefore, renovation passports should be made available as a voluntary tool to building owners across all Member States. Renovation passports should be duly financially supported as part of national building renovation programmes in order to not become a burden for building owners and they should be provided without cost to all owners of a property.
Amendment 408 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35 a (new)
Recital 35 a (new)
(35 a) Member States should develop national electrical inspections regimes in light of the fact that a high percentage of the domestic and accidental domestic fires have an electrical source and in order to ensure electrical installations are safe and ready for new usages aiming to achieve zero-emissions buildings.
Amendment 409 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35 b (new)
Recital 35 b (new)
(35 b) Consideration of the water-energy nexus is particularly important to address the interdependent energy and water use and the increasing pressure on both resources. The effective management and reuse of water can make a significant contribution to energy savings, yielding climate, but also economic and social, benefits.
Amendment 450 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 53
Recital 53
(53) Regular maintenance and inspection of heating , electrical installations, heating, fire extinction, ventilation and air- conditioning systems by qualified personnel contributes to maintaining their correct adjustment in accordance with the product specification and in that way ensures optimal performance from an environmental, safety and energy point of view. An independent assessment of the entire heating , electrical installations, fire extinction ventilation and air- conditioning system should occur at regular intervals during its lifecycle in particular before its replacement or upgrading. In order to minimise the administrative burden on building owners and tenants, Member States should endeavour to combine inspections and certifications as far as possible.
Amendment 479 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point f a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point f a (new)
(f a) the definition and application of a holistic renovation reform for both public and private buildings that includes improvements in all the components of the building, such as roof, facade and ventilation control;
Amendment 481 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point h a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point h a (new)
(h a) nature-based solutions;
Amendment 482 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point h b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point h b (new)
(h b) smart and green buildings for achieving the digital and green transition goals;
Amendment 509 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
2 a. “green transition building” is a building that contributes to a transition to a low and clean energy future leading to decarbonisation of the built environment by achieving zero-enery building (ZEB) status with minimal operational and embodied emissions in accordance with the low lifecycle emissions building definition, with the capacity to export renewable energy and with a high-level of circularity based on use of secondary building materials, adaptability and modularity;
Amendment 532 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 5
5. ‘public bodies’ means ‘contracting authorities’ as defined in Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council43 ; _________________ 43 OJ L 94, 28.3.2014, p. 65.public bodies within the meaning of point 10 of Article 2 of [recastEED];
Amendment 535 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6
6. ‘technical building system’ means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, on-site renewable energy generation and storage including rooftop solar panels generation, elevators, storage, electrical installations and fire extinction, or a combination thereof, including those systems using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit;
Amendment 551 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 13
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 13
13. ‘energy from renewable sources’ means ‘energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) , and geothermal energy , ambient energy, tide, wave and other ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogassources’ as defined in Article 2 point(1) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001;
Amendment 552 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 17
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 17
17. ‘dwelling’ means physical space consisting of a room or suite of rooms in a permanent building or a structurally separated part of a building which is designed for habitation by one private household all year roundere people could develop their basic life functions in private for certain period of time;
Amendment 559 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – introductory part
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – introductory part
19. ‘deep renovation’ means a renovation which focuses on the following essentials building items: wall insulation, roof insulation, low floor insulation, replacement of external joinery, ventilation and heating/heating systems and treatment of thermal bridges to ensure the necessary confort of the occupants in summer and winter; and whereby it is necessary to transforms a building or a building unit in order to reduce its primary energy demand and reports, and minimises the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions generated during the renovation.
Amendment 580 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 23
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 23
23. ‘whole life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions’ means the combined greenhouse gas emissions associated with the building at all stages of its life-cycle, from the ‘cradle’ (the extraction of the raw materials that are usthe energy used and materials wasted inat the construction of the building) over the material production and processing,site, the materials used in one-site or off-site parking spaces and the building’s operation stage, to the ‘grave’ (the deconstruction of the building and reuse, recycling, other recovery and disposal of its materials), also considering the benefits from reuse, recycling at end- of-life and with special focus in the beginning of the design process, from the ‘cradle’ (the extraction of the raw materials that are used in the construction of the building) through the material production and processing;
Amendment 586 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 27 b (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 27 b (new)
Amendment 617 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 44
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 44
44. ‘district heating’ or ‘district cooling’ means the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam, hot water or chilled liquids, from a central source of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites, for the use of space or process heating or coolingct heating or district cooling as defined in Article2 point (19) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001;
Amendment 829 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Article 8 – paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Members States shall establish the necessary actions to: (a) preserve the historical and cultural heritage that is increasingly impacted by climate change and environmental degradation; (b) renovate their historical buildings and to this, it is essential to apply methodologies to preserve the interior, increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental and economic costs.In this way, when carrying out renovations, aspects that improve comfort, conservation and reduce energy costs, can be taken into account.In order to stimulate the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage considered to be of extraordinary value to humanity; (c) maintain the same objectives that apply to residential and other buildings for heritage buildings, without any distinction.Taking into account that, in the categorisation of heritage buildings, the degrees of rehabilitation are very special and should be prioritised according to the degree of protection of the building and its corresponding values; (d) ensure that this type of buildings are not taken like a general exception for the renovation of their building stock.
Amendment 953 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 4
Article 9 – paragraph 4
4. Where a building is renovated in order to comply with a minimum energy performance standard, Member States shall ensure compliance with eithe minimum energy performance requirements for building elements pursuant to Article 5 and, in case of major renovation, with the minimum energy performance requirements for existing buildingsr deep renovation or staged deep renovation that follows renovation passport pursuant to Article 810.
Amendment 978 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 2
Article 10 – paragraph 2
2. By 31 December 2024, Member States shall introduce a scheme of renovation passports based on the common framework established in accordance with paragraph 1 if requirements established in paragraph 3 are not included in the energy performance certificates scheme. In that case, Member States can update their passport scheme to bring it into line with the renovation passports in order to achieve a unitary system across the European Union.
Amendment 983 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 10 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Member States shall ensure that the renovation passport is duly financially supported as part of national building renovation programmes in order to not create a barrier for building owners, particularly for low-income and vulnerable households, and that renovation passports are specifically issued free of charge to homeowners, for which the dwelling is a role residential property.
Amendment 1030 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 11 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Amendment 1058 #
(c) at least onetwo bicycle parking space for every car parking space in all office buildings and buildings owned or occupied by public authorities;
Amendment 1061 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)
(c a) The number of bicycle parking spaces in all other non-residential buildings shall be 2 times the number of car places raised to the power of 0,7 (or 2x0,7 where x is the number of car parking spaces);
Amendment 1062 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c b (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c b (new)
(c b) that at least for every 10 bicycle parking spaces there shall be one parking space designed for bicycles with larger dimensions than standard bicycles, such as cargo bikes, tricycles, and bicycles with trailers, with a minimum of one space;
Amendment 1063 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c c (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c c (new)
(c c) the installation of charging infrastructure for electric bicycles shall match that of electric vehicles;
Amendment 1081 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 3
Article 12 – paragraph 3
3. Member States may adjust requirements for the number of bicycle parking spaces in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 for specific categories of non-residential buildings where bicycles are typically less used as a means of transport. After due assessment of the potential for bicycle parking by a committee of experts that includes experts on active mobility, and after taking into account the results of a public consultation, and contributions by relevant stakeholders, including cycling NGOs, Member States may adjust requirements for the number of bicycle parking spaces in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 for specific categories of non-residential buildings where bicycles are typically less used as a means of transport. Member States that adjust their requirements for specific categories of non-residential buildings shall explain, in their national building renovation plan pursuant to Article 3, how they will compensate for these adjustments in other non-residential buildings to achieve an equivalent number of bicycle parking spaces linked to non-residential buildings across the Member State. Member States shall focus their compensatory bicycle parking spaces on non-residential buildings where bicycles can be used effectively, and their use promotes general active mobility.
Amendment 1106 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – point b a (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – point b a (new)
(b a) that in communal bike parking spaces for every 10 bicycle parking spaces there shall be one parking space designed for bicycles with larger dimensions than standard bicycles, such as cargo bikes, tricycles, and bicycles with trailers, with a minimum of one space;
Amendment 1108 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – point b b (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – point b b (new)
(b b) the installation of charging infrastructure for electric bicycles shall match that of electric vehicles;
Amendment 1110 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Member States shall ensure that the pre- cabling is dimensioned to enable the simultaneous use of recharging points on all parking spaces. Where, in the case of major renovation, ensuring two bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling is not feasible, Member States shall ensure as many bicycle parking spaces as appropriate and that all reasonable solutions are pursued to achieve the statutory number of at least two bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling. Member States shall explain, in their national building renovation plans pursuant to Article 3, how they compensate for any losses in bicycle parking spaces due to infeasibility during major renovations by otherwise promoting bicycle parking in and around residential buildings to achieve an equivalent number of bicycle parking spaces linked to residential buildings across the Member State.
Amendment 1119 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 6
Article 12 – paragraph 6
6. Member States shall ensure that theall new recharging points referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4in and adjacent to buildings are capable of smart charging and, where appropriate, bidirectional charging, and that they are operated based on non-proprietary and non-discriminatory communication protocols and standards, in an interoperable manner, and in compliance with any legal standards and protocols in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 19(6) and Article 19(7) of Regulation (EU) …/… [AFIR].
Amendment 1127 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 8 – introductory part
Article 12 – paragraph 8 – introductory part
8. Member States shall provide for measures in order to simplify the deployment of recharging points in new and existing residential and non-residential buildings and remove regulatory barriers, including permitting and approval procedures, without prejudice to the property and tenancy law of the Member States. Member States shall remove barriers to the installation of recharging points and bicycle parking spaces in residential buildings and/or housing with parking spaces, in particular the need to obtain consent from the landlord or co- owners for a private recharging point for own use.
Amendment 1128 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 8 – subparagraph 1
Article 12 – paragraph 8 – subparagraph 1
Member States shall ensure the availability of technical assistance for building owners and tenants wishing to install recharging points and bicycle parking spaces.
Amendment 1133 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 9 a (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Member States shall introduce amendments to existing building codes on the technical requirements for the installation of bicycle parking spaces in all new residential and non-residential buildings, as well as residential and non- residential buildings undergoing major renovation.These technical requirements shall include, but are not limited to: (a) general accessibility requirements of the bicycle parking space, safety and anti- theft measures; (b) minimum amount of space allocated to a standard bicycle (in m2) and to bicycles with larger dimensions(in m2); (c) the quality of the bicycle racks; (d) the electric installations for the bicycle charging points.
Amendment 1135 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 9 b (new)
Article 12 – paragraph 9 b (new)
9 b. Member States shall support local authorities in developing and implementing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) with a particular focus on the integration of housing policies with sustainable mobility and urban planning, hereby ensuring and prioritising accessibility of all new major urban developments by active mobility and public transport.
Amendment 1150 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
1. Member States shall ensure by 2030 that the building owners, tenants and managers can have direct access to their building systems’ data. At their request, the access or data shall be made available to a third party. Member States shall facilitate the full interoperability of services and of data exchange within the Union in accordance with paragraph 6.
Amendment 1165 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 5
Article 14 – paragraph 5
5. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts detailing interoperability requirements and non- discriminatory and transparent procedures for access to the data. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 30(2). In this way, a reliable and complete flow of data from the different Member States shall allow the Commission to carry out audits to control the level of energy efficiency of the European building stock. Thus, it will be possible to identify in a more exhaustive and precise way which are the vulnerable areas that are showing greater difficulty and/or delay in the fulfilment of the expected renovation rate.
Amendment 1170 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 5 a (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. These audits shall be carried out by the Commission every 5 years in order to redirect aid flows to building renovation and socio-economic support, especially to the most vulnerable groups.
Amendment 1240 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 11 – introductory part
Article 15 – paragraph 11 – introductory part
11. Member States shall incentivise deep renovation and sizeable programmes that address a high number of buildings and result in an overall reduction of at least 30 60% of primary energy demand with higher financial, fiscal, administrative and technical support.
Amendment 1251 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 12 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 12 a (new)
12 a. Member States shall complement the promotion of these financial incentives with policies and measures to avoid renovation and gentrification processes
Amendment 1320 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 11 a (new)
Article 16 – paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Member States shall aim for achieving a combination of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission certificates, the Climate sustainability certificate, to achieve a more accurate certificate reflecting the climate performance of buildings reflected in an unique and unified certificate which aim is simplify the process.
Amendment 1350 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – introductory part
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – introductory part
5. The Commission shall, by 30 June 2024, adopt an implementing act with a common template for the transfer of the information to the Building Stock Observatory and with the possibility for constant real-time updates. By this date, the Commission shall initiate an audit of the real state of the Union stock in order to determine where are located the vulnerable areas associated to energy poverty. In this way, the effort of economic and professional support will target to the most vulnerable society promoting an increase in the rate of renovation of European buildings, equitative and harmonised for all Member States in the Union.
Amendment 1352 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 1 (new)
The Commision will publish every two years, starting with the second year after publication of this Directive, a summary report on the situation and progress of the Union building stock at local, regional and national level.
Amendment 1355 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 6 a (new)
6 a. The Commission will use this data base to be able to carry out regular audits to control the evolution of the energy efficiency of buildings. In this way, the efforts at economic and professional support are always well directed to the areas/neighbourhood most vulnerable.
Amendment 1388 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1
Article 23 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure the appropriate level ofa national plan for developing high skill competences for building professionals carrying out integrated renovation works in line with Article 26 [recast EED].
Amendment 1403 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 2
Article 25 – paragraph 2
As part of that review, the Commission shall assess whether the application of this Directive in combination with other legislative instruments addressing energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions from buildings, notably through carbon pricing, deliver sufficient progress towards achieving a fully decarbonised, zero- emission building stock by 2050, or whether further binding measures at Union level, in particular mandatory minimum energy performance standards across the whole building stock, need to be introduced. In addition to this, a holistic approach at all spatial scales, including: landscape architecture, urban planning, infrastructure, design, thus promoting more sustainable, inclusive and innovative ways of living in line with the evolution of our built environment, in order to adapt to new needs and ensure decent and quality housing for all, should be taken into account in the measures at Union level. The Commission shall also examine in what manner Member States could apply integrated district or neighbourhood approaches in Union building and energy efficiency policy, while ensuring that each building meets the minimum energy performance requirements, for example by means of overall renovation schemes applying to a number of buildings in a spatial context instead of a single building.