Activities of Kim VAN SPARRENTAK related to 2022/0066(COD)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating violence against women and domestic violence
Amendments (157)
Amendment 27 #
Proposal for a directive
Title 1
Title 1
Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence
Amendment 29 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1
Recital 1
(1) The purpose of this Directive is to provide a comprehensive framework to effectively combat violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence throughout the Union. It does so by strengthening and introducing measures in the following areas: the definition of relevant criminal offences and penalties, the protection of victims and access to justice, victim support, prevention, coordination and cooperation.
Amendment 31 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) Equality between women and men and non-discrimination are core values of the Union and fundamental rights enshrined, respectively, in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union and in Articles 21 and 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’). Violence against womenGender-based violence and domestic violence endanger these very principles, undermining women and girls’ rights to equality in all areas of life.
Amendment 32 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) Violence against womenGender-based violence and domestic violence violate fundamental rights such as the right to human dignity, the right to life and integrity of the person, the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to respect for private and family life, personal data protection, and the rights of the child, as enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
Amendment 33 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) This Directive should apply to criminal conduct which amounts to violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, as criminalised under Union or national law. This includes the criminal offences defined in this Directive, namely rape, female genital mutilation, the non- consensual sharing of intimate or manipulated material, cyber stalking, cyber harassment, cyber incitement to violence or hatred and criminal conduct covered by other Union instruments, in particular Directives 2011/36/EU36 and 2011/93/EU37 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which define criminal offences concerning the sexual exploitation of children and trafficking of human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Lastly, certain criminal offences under national law fall under the definition of violence against womengender-based violence. This includes crimes such as femicide, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, stalking, early and forced marriage, forced abortion, forced sterilisation and different forms of cyber violence, such as online sexual harassment, cyber bullying or the unsolicited receipt of sexually explicit material. Domestic violence is a form of violence which may be specifically criminalised under national law or covered by criminal offences which are committed within the family or domestic unit or between former or current spouses or partners. _________________ 36 Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, OJ L 101, 15.4.2011, p. 1–11. 37 Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA, OJ L 335, 17.12.2011, p. 1– 14.
Amendment 36 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) The measures under this Directive have been designed to address the specific needs of women and girls, given that they are disproportionately affected by the forms of violence covered under this Directive, namely violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence. This Directive, however, acknowledges that other persons may also fall victim to these forms of violence and should benefit from the measures provided for therein without discrimination on account of any ground. Therefore, the term ‘victim’ should refer to all persons, regardless of their sex or gender.
Amendment 39 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Due to their vulnerability, children who witness violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence suffer a direct emotional harm, which impacts their development. Therefore, such children should be considered victims and benefit from targeted protection measures.
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) Violence against womenGender-based is a persisting manifestation of structural discrimination against women, in all their diversity, resulting from historically unequal power relations between women and men. It is a form of gender-based violence, which is inflicted primarily on women and girls, by men. It is rooted in the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for women and men, generally referred to under the term ‘gender’.
Amendment 46 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) In light of the specificities related to these types of crime it is necessary to lay down a comprehensive set of rules, which addresses the persisting problem of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence in a targeted manner and caters to the specific needs of victims of such violence. The existing provisions at Union and national levels have proven to be insufficient to effectively combat and prevent violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence. In particular, Directives 2011/36/EU and 2011/93/EU concentrate on specific forms of such violence, while Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council38 lays down the general framework for victims of crime. While providing some safeguards for victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence, it is not set out to address their specific needs. _________________ 38 Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (OJ L 315, 14.11.2012, p. 57).
Amendment 47 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) This Directive supports the international commitments the Member States have undertaken to combat and prevent violence against women and domestic violence, in particular the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)39 , the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and, where relevant, the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence (‘Istanbul Convention’),40 and the International Labour Organization’s Convention concerning the elimination of violence and harassment in the world of work, signed on 21 June 2019 in Geneva, the International Labour Organization's Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111) and the International Labour Organization's Domestic Workers' Convention, 2012 (No 189). _________________ 39 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), UNGA, 1979. 40 Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention),Council of Europe, 2011.
Amendment 53 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) Violence against womenGender-based and domestic violence can be exacerbated where it intersects with discrimination based on sex and other grounds of discrimination prohibited by Union law, namely nationality, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. Member States should therefore pay due regard to victims affected by such intersectional discrimination and violence, through providing specific measures where intersecting forms of discrimination are present. In particular, lesbian, bisexual, trans, non-binary, intersex and queer (LBTIQ) women, women with disabilities and women with a minority racial or ethnic background are at a heightened risk of experiencing gender- based violence. based violence and domestic violence. For example, acts of gender-based violence which seek to punish victims for their sexual orientation, gender expression, gender identity or sex characteristics such as so- called corrective rape, should be given particular attention.
Amendment 58 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) Victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence are at an increased risk of intimidation, retaliation, secondary and repeat victimisation. Particular attention should thus be paid to these risks and to the need to protect the dignity and physical integrity of such victims.
Amendment 59 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) Rape is one of the most serious offences breaching a person’s sexual integrity and is a crime that disproportionately affects women. It entails a power imbalance between the offender and the victim, which allows the offender to sexually exploit the victim for purposes such as personal gratification, asserting domination, gaining social recognition, advancement or possibly financial gain or punishment for the victim's sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics (so- called "corrective rape"). Many Member States still require the use of force, threats or coercion for the crime of rape. Other Member States solely rely on the condition that the victim has not consented to the sexual act. Only the latter approach achieves the full protection of the sexual integrity of victims. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure equal protection throughout the Union by providing the constitutive elements of the crime of rape of women. .
Amendment 62 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) It is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. Cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians, journalists and human rights defenders as well as persons who are part of marginalised communities . It can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. Cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings, such as schools and universities, with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health, which may, in extreme cases, lead to suicide. The increased use of ICT at work has lead to increased cyber violence against women requiring particular attention to preventative and protective measures in the context of work. Women and girls exposed to discrimination and violence on the basis of a combination of their sex or gender and other grounds are disproportionately affected by cyber violence, including cyber harassment or cyber incitement to violence or hatred.
Amendment 68 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) Especially due to its tendency for easy, swift and broad distribution and perpetration, as well as its intimate nature, the non-consensual making accessible of intimate images or videos and material that depict sexual activities, to a multitude ofother end-users, by means of information and communication technologies, can be very harmful for the victims. The offence provided for in this Directive should cover all types of such material, such as images, photographs and videos, including sexualized images, audio clips and video clips. It should relate to situations where the making accessible of the material to a multitude ofother end-users, through information and communication technologies, occurs without the victim’s consent, irrespective of whether the victim consented to the generation of such material or may have transmitted it to a particular person. The offence should also include the non- consensual production or manipulation, for instance by image editing, of material that makes it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities, insofar as the material is subsequently made accessible to a multitude ofother end-users, through information and communication technologies, without the consent of that person. Such production or manipulation should include the fabrication of ‘deepfakes’, where the material appreciably resembles an existing person, objects, places or other entities or events, depicting sexual activities of another person, and would falsely appear to others to be authentic or truthful. In the interest of effectively protecting victims of such conduct, threatening to engage in such conduct should be covered as well.
Amendment 69 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21
Recital 21
(21) Minimum rules concerning the offence of cyber harassment should be laid down to counter initiating an attack with third parties or participating in such an attack directed at another person, by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude ofother end-users. Such broad attacks, including coordinated online mob attacks, may morph into offline assault or cause significant psychological injury and in extreme cases lead to suicide of the victim. They often target prominent (female) politicians, journalists or otherwise well-known persons, but they can also occur in different contexts, for instance on campuses or in schools. Such online violence should be addressed especially where the attacks occur on a wide-scale, for example in the form of pile- on harassment by a significant amount of people.
Amendment 70 #
(22) The increase in internet and social media usage has led to a sharp rise in public incitement to violence and hatred, including based on sex or gender, over the past years. The easy, fast and broad sharing of hate speech through the digital word is reinforced by the online disinhibition effect, as the presumed anonymity on the internet and sense of impunity reduce people’s inhibition to engage in such speech. Women are often the target of sexist and misogynous hate online, which can escalate into hate crime offlinOftentimes, perpetrators of such incitement online are public figures who, due to a presumed impunity, have the effect of legitimising and emboldening acts of violence offline. Women are often the target of sexist and misogynous hate online, which can escalate into hate crime offline. Children and youth can also be the target of violent cyber violence owing to personal characteristics such as disability, racial or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, sex characteristics or other grounds which, if left unaddressed, may cause social exclusion, anxiety, inducement to inflict self-harm and, in extreme situations, suicide ideation, suicide attempts or actual suicide. This needs to be intercepted at an early stage. The language used in this type of incitement does not always directly refer to the sex or gender of the targeted person(s), but the biased motivation can be inferred from the overall content or context of the incitement.
Amendment 73 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 24
Recital 24
(24) Victims should be able to report crimes of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence easily without being subject to secondary or repeat victimisation. To this end, Member States should provide the possibility to submit complaints online or through other information and communication technologies for the reporting of such crimes. Victims of cyber violence should be able to upload materials relating to their report, such as screenshots of the alleged violent behaviour.
Amendment 74 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 25
Recital 25
(25) In the case of domestic violence and violence against womengender-based violence, especially when committed by close family members or intimate partners, victims may be under such duress by the offender that they fear to reach out to the competent authorities, even if their lives are in danger. Therefore, Member States should ensure their confidentiality rules do not constitute an obstacle for relevant professionals, such as healthcare professionals, to report to the competent authorities, where they have reasonable grounds to believe that the life of the victim is at an imminent risk of serious physical harm. Similarly, instances of domestic violence or violence against womengender-based violence affecting children are often only intercepted by third parties noticing irregular behaviour or physical harm to the child. Children need to be effectively protected from such forms of violence and adequate measures promptly taken. Therefore, relevant professionals coming in contact with child victims or potential child victims, including healthcare or education professionals, should equally not be constrained by confidentiality where they have reasonable grounds to believe that serious acts of violence under this Directive have been committed against the child or further serious acts are to be expected. Where professionals report such instances of violence, Member States should ensure that they are not held liable for breach of confidentiality.
Amendment 77 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 27
Recital 27
(27) Delays in processing complaints of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence can bear particular risks to victims thereof, given that they might still be in immediate danger given that offenders might often be close family members or spouses. Therefore, the competent authorities should have the sufficient expertise and effective investigative tools to investigate and prosecute such crimes. Delays in dealing with complaints put victims at risk of physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering. Victims should have the right to be free from undue consequences, such as termination of contract, when taking leave as a consequence of gender-based violence and sexual harassment.
Amendment 78 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) Victims of domestic violence and violence against womengender-based violence are typically in need of immediate protection or specific support, for example in the case of intimate partner violence, where the rate of recidivism tends to be high. Therefore, an individual assessment to identify the victim’s protection needs should be conducted upon the very first contact of competent authorities with the victim or as soon as suspicion arises that the person is a victim of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence. This can be done before a victim has formally reported an offence or proactively if a third party reports the offence.
Amendment 85 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 38
Recital 38
(38) Given the complexities and gravity of offences of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence and specific support needs of victims, Member States should ensure additional support and prevention of such offences is provided by designated bodies. Given their expertise in matters of discrimination on grounds of sex, national equality bodies, set up in accordance with Directives 2004/113/EC42 , 2006/54/EC43 and 2010/41/EU44 of the European Parliament and of the Council, are well placed to fulfil these tasks. Such bodies should in addition have legal standing to act on behalf or in support of victims of all forms of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence in judicial proceedings, including for the application for compensation and removal of online illegal content, with the victims’ approval. This should include the possibility of acting on behalf or in support of several victims together. To enable these bodies to effectively carry out their tasks, Member States should ensure that they are provided with sufficient human and financial resources. _________________ 42 Council Directive 2004/113/EC of 13 December 2004 implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services, (OJ L 373, 21.12.2004, p. 37). 43 Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast), (OJ L204, 26.7.2006, p. 23). 44 Directive 2010/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on the applicationof the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity in a self-employed capacity and repealing Council Directive 86/613/EEC, (OJ L 180, 15.7.2010, p. 1).
Amendment 87 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
Recital 39
(39) Certain offences covered by this Directive involve the increased risk of repeated, prolonged or even continuous victimisation. That risk occurs especially in relation to offences involving the making accessible to a multitude ofother end-users, through information and communication technologies, of material, resulting from certain offences of cyber violence, considering the ease and speed with which such material can be distributed on a large scale and the difficulties that often exist when it comes to removing such material. That risk typically remains even after a conviction. Therefore, in order to effectively safeguard the rights of the victims of those offences, Member States should be required to take suitable measures aimed at the removal of the material in question. Considering that removal at the source may not always be feasible, for instance because of legal or practical difficulties relating to the execution or enforcement of an order to remove, Member States should also be allowed to provide for measures to disable access to such material.
Amendment 88 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 44
Recital 44
(44) In order to avoid secondary victimisation, victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. Compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. It should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages, including among other things therapy costs, impact on the victim’s employment situation, loss of earnings, psychological damages, and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. The amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence and cyber incitement to violence or hatred may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety, entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. Compensation should be part of the measures provided to ensure the reparation for victims.
Amendment 91 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 45
Recital 45
(45) Assistance and support to victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence should be provided before, during and for an appropriate period after the criminal proceedings have ended, for example where medical treatment is still needed to address the severe physical or psychological consequences of the violence, or if the victim’s safety is at risk in particular due to the statements made by the victim in those proceedings.
Amendment 93 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 46
Recital 46
(46) Specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence, including sexual violence, female genital mutilation, forced marriage, forced abortion and sterilisation, sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.
Amendment 95 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 48
Recital 48
(48) Victims of domestic violence and violence against womengender-based violence typically have multiple protection and support needs. In order to address these effectively, Member States should provide such services at the same premises, or have such services coordinated through a central contact point. To ensure also victims in remote areas or unable to physically reach such centres are reached, Member States should provide for online access to such services. This should entail setting up a single and updated website where all relevant information on and access to available support and protection services is provided (one-stop online access). The website should follow accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities.
Amendment 96 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 49
Recital 49
(49) Specialist support services, including shelters and rape crisis centres, should be considered essential during crises and states of emergency, including during health crises. These services should continue to be offered in these situations, where instances of domestic violence and violence against womengender-based violence tend to surge.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 51
Recital 51
(51) Harassment at work is considered as discrimination on grounds of sex by Directives 2004/113/EC, 2006/54/EC and 2010/41/EU. Harassment at work hinders the labour market participation of women. Increased absenteeism, long-term sick leave, reduced productivity and consequently loss of income or future opportunities contribute to limiting women’s labour market participation. Given that sexual harassment at work has significant negative consequences both for the victims and the employers, advice onfor everyone at work, advice on preventing and adequately addressing such instances at the workplace, including through occupational and health measures, and on legal remedies available to the employer toand vitims, including on removeing the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation, if the victim so wishes, should be provided through grievance mechanisms or by external counselling services to both victims and employers.
Amendment 119 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 56
Recital 56
(56) Victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, such as women with disabilities, women with dependant residence status or permit, undocumented migrant women, women applicants for international protection, women fleeing armed conflict, women affected by homelessness, with a minority racial or ethnic background, living in rural areas, women sex workers, detainees, or older women, children, victims of so-called "honour crimes" or LBTIQ women and other LGBTIQ people subject to gender- based violence, should receive specific protection and support.
Amendment 125 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 57
Recital 57
(57) Women with disability disproportionately experience violence against womengender- based violence and domestic violence and due to their disability often have difficulties in accessing protection and support measures. Therefore, Member States should ensure they can benefit fully from the rights set out in this Directive, on an equal basis with others, while paying due attention to the particular vulnerability of such victims and their likely difficulties to reach out for help.
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 58
Recital 58
(58) Member States should ensure that preventive measures, such as awareness- raising campaigns, are taken to counter violence aggender-based violence and domestic violence. Special attention must be paid in awareness-raising campaignst to women andexperiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds, and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. Prevention should also take place in formal education, in particular, through strengthening sexualityinclusive sexuality and relationships education and socio- emotional competencies, empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationshipsuch as empathy. Prevention should also cover specific measures to prevent gender-based violence and sexual harassment and violence at the work. National social partners should be involved and consulted in these efforts.
Amendment 131 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 59
Recital 59
(59) Member States should take measures to prevent the cultivation of harmful gender stereotypes to eradicate the idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles of women and men. This could also include measures aimed at ensuring that culture, custom, religion, tradition or honour is not perceived as a justification for, or a more lenient treatment of, offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence. Considering that from a very young age onwards, children are exposed to gender roles that shape their self-perception and influence their academic and professional choices as well as expectations of their roles as women and men throughout their life, it is crucial to address gender stereotypes as of early-childhood education and care. At the workplace, training and awareness raising programmes can play a crucial role in challenging stereotypes and transforming culture inside and outside work. Member States should also take measures to prevent the gender-based violence and harassment at work on grounds of pregnancy and motherhood.
Amendment 136 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 60
Recital 60
(60) In order to ensure victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support, Member States should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information, particularly taking into account the needs of victims with disabilities. Trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation, repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. To prevent and appropriately address instances of gender- based violence and sexual harassment at work, employers, persons with supervisory functions and other workers should also receive training. These trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under Directive 89/391/EEC of the European Parliament and of the Council45 . Training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. Third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace, not at the hands of a co-worker, and includes cases, such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. _________________ 45 Council Directive 89/391/EEC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (OJ L 183, 29.6.1989, p. 1).
Amendment 139 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 60 a (new)
Recital 60 a (new)
(60 a) This Directive should ensure that preventative and protective measures aiming to combat violence, discrimination and harassment at work, including third- party violece and harassmetnts by customers, clients, visitors, patients, as applicable, should apply regardless of the reason for or cause of the harassment and are not limited to cases on discriminatory grounds. Member States, in consultation with the social partners, should provide for effective protective measures.
Amendment 140 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 61
Recital 61
(61) In order to counteract underreporting, Member States should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes and prejudices, including multiple discrimination grounds, but also in the prevention of offences, given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. Member States should recognise women's civil society organisations, including organisations working with women at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence, as partners in policy development and implementation and should, where relevant, include them in the work of government bodies and committees working to combat gender-based violence and domestic violence. In addition, other relevant stakeholders should be consulted on relevant issues, such as social partners in relation to gender-based violence and sexual harassment at work.
Amendment 143 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 62
Recital 62
(62) Intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence. The programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. Programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women.
Amendment 144 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 64
Recital 64
(64) Policies to adequately tackle violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence can only be formulated on the basis of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data. In order to effectively monitor developments in the Member States and fill the gaps of comparable data, Member States should regularly conduct surveys using the harmonised methodology of the Commission (Eurostat) to gather data and transmit these data to the Commission (Eurostat).
Amendment 145 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 65
Recital 65
(65) Member States should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. Data collected should include the context in which the offence took place, such as at home, at the workplace or online, as well as information about whether a victim is at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence, as this will inform future targeted policy actions. It should also include whether violence was committed against victims affected by intersectional discrimination as defined in recital 11. When sharing the data collected, no personal data should be included.
Amendment 147 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 68
Recital 68
(68) Since the objective of this Directive, namely to prevent and combat violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence across the Union on the basis of common minimum rules, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of the scale and effects of the envisaged measures, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve that objective.
Amendment 148 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
This Directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence. It establishes minimum rules concerning:
Amendment 150 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) the rights of victims of all forms of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence before, during or after criminal proceedings;
Amendment 151 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) victims’ protection and victims’ supportmeasures for protection, support and reparation for victims of all forms of gender-based violence.
Amendment 152 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)
(c a) the establishmend and development of minimum rules on prevention measures.
Amendment 154 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1
Article 2 – paragraph 1
1. When implementing the measures under this Directive, Member States shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of gender or sex and other grounds, as well as other victims at an increased risk of domestic violence, so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs, as set out in Article 18(4), Article 27(5), Article 35 (1) and Article 37(7).
Amendment 156 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) acts of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence as criminalised under other instruments of Union law;
Amendment 157 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) any other acts of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence as criminalised under national law.
Amendment 159 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) “gender-based violence against women” means gender-based violence, that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately, including all acts of such violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life or at work;
Amendment 161 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(a a) “gender-based violence” means violence, or threats of such violence, that is directed against a person because of that person's gender, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics;
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering, that occur within the family or domestic unit, irrespective of biological or legal family ties, or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; domestic violence shall also include acts that occur within a family or domestic unit which prevent a person from entering or remaining in the labour market;
Amendment 167 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point g
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point g
(g) “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, where it occurs in the course of, linked with, or arising in matters of employment, occupation and self-employment, including informal and undocumented work, with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim or of other forms of physical, psychological, sexual and economic harm, in particular when creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment, including where a person’s rejection of, or submission to, such conduct is used explicitly or implicitly as a basis for job-related decisions ;
Amendment 170 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point g a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point g a (new)
(g a) “sexual harassment” means any form of unwanted physical, verbal, non- verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature occurs, with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person, in particular when creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment;
Amendment 171 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point j a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point j a (new)
(j a) “gender” means the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate within the binary construction of gender as male and female.
Amendment 172 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point j b (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point j b (new)
(j b) “specialist services” means intersectional feminist services that support women and their children as well as other victims of gender-based violence. These services include but are not limited to women’s support centres, women’s shelters, helplines, rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres, as well as primary prevention services. WSS are typically run by non-governmental feminist women’s organisations.
Amendment 173 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) engaging with a woman or another person in any non- consensual act of vaginal, anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature, with any bodily part or object;
Amendment 174 #
(b) causing a woman or another person to engage with another person in any non-consensual act of vaginal, anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature, with any bodily part or object.
Amendment 175 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 2
Article 5 – paragraph 2
2. An act shall be considered consensual only if it is based on voluntary consent as the result of free will of the person concerned, assessed in the context of the surrounding consequences. Member States shall ensure that a non- consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition, thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will, such as in a state of unconsciousness, intoxication, sleep, illness, bodily injury or disability.
Amendment 176 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 3
Article 5 – paragraph 3
3. Consent is needed for each separate act and can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. The absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence, verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct, or existing or past relationship with the offender.
Amendment 179 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) making intimate images, or videos or other material, including those depicting sexual activities, of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude ofother end-users by means of information and communication technologies;
Amendment 180 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude ofother end-users, by means of information and communication technologies, images, videos or other material, making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities, without that person’s consent;
Amendment 181 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) persistently engaging in threatening, coercing or intimidating conduct directed at another person, by means of information and communication technologies, which causes that the person fears for own safety or that the person fears for safety of dependanthome environment, including family dependants, relatives or partners;
Amendment 182 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) placing another person under continuous surveillance, without that person’s direct and unambiguous consent or legal authorisation to do so, by means of information and communication technologies, to track or monitor that person’s movements and activities, including in the context of the world of work ;
Amendment 185 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) making material containing the personal data of another person, without that person’s consent, accessible to a multitude ofother end-users, by means of information and communication technologies, for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significantor threaten to cause physical, economic or psychological harm or damage to the person.
Amendment 186 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 9 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) initiating an attack publicly or with third parties directed at another person, by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude ofother end-users, by means of information and communication technologies, with the effect of causing significant psychological and economic harm to the attacked person, including in the context of the world of work ;
Amendment 187 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1
Article 10 – paragraph 1
Member States shall ensure that the intentional conduct of inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to sex or gender, or other protected groups under EU law, as referenced in Article 2 of this directive, by disseminating to the public material containing such incitement to violence or hatred by means of information and communication technologies is punishable as a criminal offence.
Amendment 189 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 13 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) the offence, or another criminal offence of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, was committed repeatedly;
Amendment 190 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 13 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances, such as residence status, a situation of dependence, employment or service relationships, or a state of physical, mental, intellectual or sensory disability, or distress or living in institutions, including reception centres, detention facilities or accommodation centres for asylum seekers;
Amendment 199 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – title
Article 16 – title
Reporting of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence
Amendment 203 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 1
Article 16 – paragraph 1
1. In addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under Article 5 of Directive 2012/29/EU, Member States shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. This shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies, including the possibility to submit evidence, in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.
Amendment 204 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 2
2. Member States shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects, in good faith, that offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence have occurred, or that further acts of violence are to be expected, to report this to the competent authorities without fear of reprisals or negative consequences.
Amendment 205 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4
Article 16 – paragraph 4
4. Where children report criminal offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, Member States shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe, confidential, designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language, in accordance with their age and maturity. If the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility, Member States should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent.
Amendment 206 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 5
Article 16 – paragraph 5
5. Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against womengender- based violence or domestic violence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities, at least until completion of the first individual assessment referred to in Article 18.
Amendment 207 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 5 a (new)
Article 16 – paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. Member State shall ensure effective reporting mechanisms and procedures in cases of violence and harassment in the world of work.Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure protection against the victimisation of or retaliation against complainants, victims, witnesses and whistle-blowers and ensure the protection of the privacy of those individuals involved and confidentiality and ensure that requirements for privacy and confidentiality are not misused. Member states shall ensure that providing evidence should not represent a burden for the victims or contribute to further victimisation.
Amendment 208 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1
Article 17 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that persons, units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence have sufficient expertise, capacity and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes, especially to gather, analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence.
Amendment 209 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 2
Article 17 – paragraph 2
2. Member States shall ensure that reported offences of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence are processed and transferred without delay to the competent authorities for prosecution and investigation.
Amendment 210 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3
Article 17 – paragraph 3
3. The competent authorities shall promptly and effectively record and investigate allegations of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence and ensure that an official complaint is filed in all cases.
Amendment 213 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 6
Article 18 – paragraph 6
6. The individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings, and relevant support services, such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters, social services and, healthcare professionals and where relevant employers and trade unions.
Amendment 214 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 7
Article 18 – paragraph 7
7. Competent authorities shall update the individual assessment at regular intervals to ensure the protection measures relate toeffectively and sufficiently address the victim’s current situation and needs. This shall include an assessment of whether protection measures, in particular under Article 21, need to be adapted or taken.
Amendment 215 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1
Article 20 – paragraph 1
1. If the assessments referred to in Articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support, Member States shall ensure that specialised support services contact victims to offer support.
Amendment 217 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Member States shall issue guidelines for the competent authorities acting in criminal proceedings, including prosecutorial and judicial guidelines, concerning cases of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence. Those guidelines shall include guidance on:
Amendment 218 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(a a) how to apply a gender-responsive and intersectional approach in all actions and measures;
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) how to treat victims in a trauma-, disability-, language-, gender- and child- sensitive manner;
Amendment 225 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point g
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point g
(g) how to refer victims to support services, to ensure the appropriate treatment of victims and handling of cases of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence.
Amendment 226 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 24 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a
Article 24 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a
(a) provide independent assistance and advice to victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence and witnesses;
Amendment 227 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) This Directive should apply to criminal conduct which amounts to violence against women or domestic violence, as criminalised under Union or national law. This includes the criminal offences defined in this Directive, namely rape, female genital mutilation, intersex genital mutilation, the non- consensual sharing of intimate or manipulated material, cyber stalking, cyber harassment, cyber incitement to violence or hatred and criminal conduct covered by other Union instruments, in particular Directives 2011/36/EU36 and 2011/93/EU37 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which define criminal offences concerning the sexual exploitation of children and trafficking of human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Lastly, certain criminal offences under national law fall under the definition of violence against women. This includes crimes such as femicide, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, stalking, early and forced marriage, forced abortion, forced sterilisation and different forms of cyber violence, such as online sexual harassment, cyber bullying or the unsolicited receipt of sexually explicit material. Domestic violence is a form of violence which may be specifically criminalised under national law or covered by criminal offences which are committed within the family or domestic unit or between former or current spouses or partners. _________________ 36 Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, OJ L 101, 15.4.2011, p. 1–11. 37 Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA, OJ L 335, 17.12.2011, p. 1– 14.
Amendment 228 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 24 – paragraph 2
Article 24 – paragraph 2
2. Member States shall ensure that the bodies referred to in paragraph 1 can act on behalf or in support of one or several victims of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence in judicial proceedings, including for the application for compensation referred to in Article 26 and removal of online content referred to in Article 25, with the victims’ approval.
Amendment 229 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 26 – paragraph 1
Article 26 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence.
Amendment 230 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 26 – paragraph 4
Article 26 – paragraph 4
4. The damage shall include costs for healthcare services, support services, rehabilitation, loss of income and other reasonable, employment related benefits and opportunities and other costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. The amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm and moral prejudice.
Amendment 235 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 2
Article 27 – paragraph 2
2. Specialist support referred to in paragraph 1 shall be offered in-person and shall be easily accessible, including online or through other adequate means, such as information and communication technologies, tailored to the needs of victims of violence against women and domestic violence. gender-based violence and domestic violence. In order to ensure effective access to such support services, victims should be ensured paid leave, protection from dismissal and against discriminaiton in employment and flexible working arrangements.
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 3
Article 27 – paragraph 3
3. Member States shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1, especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph, including where such services are provided by non- governmental organisations. Member States shall particularly ensure sufficient human and financial resources for institutions and organisations providing legal aid, healthcare and social protection.
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) The measures under this Directive have been designed to address the specific needs of women and girls, given that they are disproportionately affected by the forms of violence covered under this Directive, namely violence against women and domestic violence. This Directive, however, acknowledges that other persons may also fall victim to these forms of violence and should benefit from the measures provided for therein without discrimination on account of any ground. Therefore, the term ‘victim’ should refer to all persons, regardless of their sex or gender.
Amendment 245 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 5
Article 27 – paragraph 5
5. Member States shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals, labour inspectors and other competent bodies responsbile for the monitoring and enforcement of employment and social legislation, on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence, including on referring victims to the relevant support services. Such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination.
Amendment 247 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 6
Article 27 – paragraph 6
6. Member States shall ensure that specialist support services remain fully operational for victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence in times of crisis, such as health crises or other states of emergency.
Amendment 248 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Article 28 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall provide for appropriately equipped, easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence, including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence, which should clarify whether the motives were related to the sex or gender and other personal characteristics of the victim . These centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations, trauma support and psychological counselling, after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. Where the victim is a child, such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner.
Amendment 249 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 28 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 250 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1 b (new)
Article 28 – paragraph 1 b (new)
1 b. Member States shall ensure victims are able to take a minimum of 5 days of safe leave, not dependant on the filing of a formal complaint, which shall guarantee them the time to take any measures necessary to ensure the health and/or safety of themselves and their dependants, regardless of any other leave arrangements and independent from any other contractual obligations of the victim.
Amendment 255 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 30 – paragraph 1
Article 30 – paragraph 1
Member States shall, in consultation with the social partners, ensure external counselling services are available for victims and employers in cases of sexual harassment at work. These services shall include psychological counselling and free legal advice for the victims, advice on adequately preventing and addressing such instances at the workplace, on legal remedies available to the employerincluding through occupational health and safety measures, and on legal remedies available to victims and the employer, including with regard to removeing the offender from the workplace, and providing the possibility of early conciliation, if the victim so wishes. Member States shall ensure that employers have the obligation to inform their workers, at the start of their contract, on anti-harassment policies and procedures in place, the workers’ rights in instances of harassment and violence against them in the workplace and accessing external counselling services as stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article. The costs of such counselling services and legal services shall be borne by national competent authorities or by the employer. Member States shall ensure proper and adequate funding mechanisms for programmes and actions to combat harassment in the the world of work, including mechanisms to support women in reporting cases of harassment. Workers shall have the right to receive support and representation from their trade union, and to have access to information on available remedies and access to legal remedies. Trade union representatives shall be able to support workers in any relevant proceedings.
Amendment 263 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) Violence against women is a persisting manifestation of structural discrimination against women in all their diversity, resulting from historically unequal power relations between women and men. It is a form of gender-based violence, which is inflicted primarily on women and girls, by men. It is rooted in the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for women and men, generally referred to under the term ‘gender’.
Amendment 268 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 30 a (new)
Article 30 a (new)
Article 30 a Support at work for victims of domestic violence 1. Member States shall ensure that employers, in cooperation with trade union representatives, take appropriate measures to provide a safe working environment and support to victims of domestic violence, and to ensure that consequences of domestic violence on the safety of victims and on productivity and performance at work are not taken into account in performance evaluations. Workers shall have the right to receive support from a trade union and the workplace health and safety representative. 2. Victims of domestic violence shall be entitled to paid leave of appropriate duration.
Amendment 271 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 30 b (new)
Article 30 b (new)
Article 30 b Collective bargaining 1. Member States shall ensure that trade unions are able to bargain collectively on workplace measures to prevent and address gender-based violence, sexual harassment at work and cyber violence at work, and to identify and support victims of domestic violence. 2. Member States shall take measures to promote collective barganing on workplace practices on preventing and addressing instances of gender-based violence, sexual harassment, cyber violence and domestic violence, including through awareness-raising and training of employers, trade union representatives and workplace health and safety representatives.
Amendment 274 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 31 – paragraph 1
Article 31 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall set up state- wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines, free of charge, to provide advice for victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence. Advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. Member States shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies, including online applications.
Amendment 275 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 31 – paragraph 4
Article 31 – paragraph 4
4. [Member States shall ensure that the service under paragraph 1 for victims of violence against womengender-based violence is operated under the harmonised number at EU level “116 016” and that the end-users are adequately informed of the existence and use of such number.]
Amendment 280 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 33 – paragraph 1
Article 33 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that children are provided specific adequate support as soon as the competent authorities have reasonable grounds to believe that the children might have been subject to, including having witnessed, violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence. Support to children shall be specialised and age-appropriate, respecting the best interests of the child.
Amendment 281 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 34 – paragraph 1
Article 34 – paragraph 1
Member States shall establish and maintain safe places which allow a safe contact between a child and a holder of parental responsibilities who is an offender or suspect of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, to the extent that the latter has rights of access. Member States shall ensure supervision by trained professionals, as appropriate, and in the best interests of the child.
Amendment 282 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1
Article 35 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure the provision of specific support to victims at an increased risk of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, such as women with disabilities, women living in rural areas, women with dependant residence status or permit, undocumented migrant women, women applying for international protection, women fleeing from armed conflict, women affected by homelessness, women with a minority racial or ethnic background, LBTIQ women and other LGBTIQ people subject to gender-based violence, women sex workers, women detainees, or older women.
Amendment 285 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 3
Article 35 – paragraph 3
3. The support services shall be available for third-country nationals who are victims of violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence, including for applicants for international protection, for undocumented persons and for persons subject of return procedures in detention. Member States shall ensure that victims who request so may be kept separately from persons of the other sex in detention facilities for third-country nationals subject of return procedures, or accommodated separately in reception centres for applicants for international protection.
Amendment 286 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 4
Article 35 – paragraph 4
4. Member States shall ensure that persons can report occurrences of violence against womengender- based violence or domestic violence in reception and detention centres to the relevant staff and that protocols are in place to adequately and swiftly address such reports in accordance with the requirements in Article 18, 19 and 20.
Amendment 287 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 1
Article 36 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall take appropriate actions to prevent violence against womengender- based violence and domestic violence.
Amendment 288 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 36 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. Member States shall ensure that employers take the necessary actions to prevent gender-based violence and harassment in the world of work, including by: (a) adopting and implementing, in consultation with workers and trade unions, a workplace policy on violence and harassment; (b) taking into account violence and harassment and associated psychosocial risks in the management of occupational safety and health;and (c) identifying hazards and assessing the risks of violence and harassment, with the participation of workers and their representatives, and taking measures to prevent and control them; Member States should ensure that measures to prevent violence and harassment at work do not result in the restriction of the participation in specific jobs, sectors or occupations, or their exclusion therefrom, of women.
Amendment 288 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) Violence against women and domestic violence can be exacerbated where it intersects with discrimination based on sex and other grounds of discrimination prohibited by Union law, namely nationality, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. Member States should therefore pay due regard to victims affected by such intersectional discrimination and violence, through providing specific measures where intersecting forms of discrimination are present. In particular, lesbian, bisexual, trans, non-binary, intersex and queer (LBTIQ) women, women with disabilities and women with a minority racial or ethnic background are at a heightened risk of experiencing gender- based violence and domestic violence. For example, acts of gender-based violence which seek to punish victims for their sexual orientation, gender expression, gender identity or sex characteristics such as so- called “corrective rape”, should be given particular attention.
Amendment 297 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 8
Article 36 – paragraph 8
8. Member States shall ensure that sexual harassment, in consultation with the social partners, ensure that gender-based violence and sexual harassment are defined, prohibited and addressed in relevant laws or policies. Those national laws or policies shall identify and establish preventive measures, including by extending or adapting existing occupational safety and health measures, to cover sexual harassment at work and gender-based violence, as well as targeted actions referred to in paragraph 2 for sectors where workers are most exposed at work is addressed in relevant national policies. Those national policies shall identify and establish targeted actions referred to in paragraph 2 for sectors where workers are most exposed.
Amendment 304 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 1
Article 37 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims, including law enforcement authorities, court staff, judges and prosecutors, lawyers, providers of victim support and restorative justice services, healthcare professionals, workplace health and safety representatives, labour inspectors, social services, educational and other relevant staff, receive both general and specialist training and targeted information to a level appropriate to their contacts with victims, to enable them to identify, prevent and address instances of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence and to treat victims in a trauma-, gender- and child- sensitive manner.
Amendment 308 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 3
Article 37 – paragraph 3
3. Persons in the workplace, in particular those with supervisory functions in the workplace, in both the public and private sectors, shall receive training on how to recognise, prevent and address sexual harassment at work, including on risk assessments concerning occupational safety and health risks, to provide support to victims affected thereby and respond in an adequate manner. Those persons and employers shall receive information about the effects of violence against women and domestic violence on work and the risk of third party violengender-based violence and domestic violence on work and the risk of third party violence. They shall also receive training on how to recognise instances of domestic violence and provide support to victims and ensure that victims are able to continue working in a safe environment. Member States shall ensure that employers have the obligation to provide mandatory and free of charge training to management and persons in supervisory functions as well as all other workers on a regular basis and in particular on entering the workplace.
Amendment 308 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) Rape is one of the most serious offences breaching a person’s sexual integrity and is a crime that disproportionately affects women. It entails a power imbalance between the offender and the victim, which allows the offender to sexually exploit the victim for purposes such as personal gratification, asserting domination, gaining social recognition, advancement or possibly financial gain or punishment for the victim's sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics (so- called "corrective rape"). Many Member States still require the use of force, threats or coercion for the crime of rape. Other Member States solely rely on the condition that the victim has not consented to the sexual act. Only the latter approach achieves the full protection of the sexual integrity of victims. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure equal protection throughout the Union by providing the constitutive elements of the crime of rape of women. .
Amendment 312 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 4
Article 37 – paragraph 4
4. The training activities referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 23 shall include training on co-ordinated multi-agency co-operation to allow for a comprehensive and appropriate handling of referrals in cases of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence.
Amendment 313 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5
Article 37 – paragraph 5
5. Without affecting media freedom and pluralism, Member States shall encourage and support the setting up of media training activities by media professionals’ organisations, media self- regulatory bodies and industry representatives or other relevant independent organisations, to combat stereotypical portrayals of women and men, sexist images of women, and victim- blaming in the media, aimed at reducing the risk of violence against womenall forms of gender-based violence or domestic violence.
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 7
Article 37 – paragraph 7
7. Training activities referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be regular and mandatory, including on cyber violence, and built on the specificities of violence against womengender- based violence and domestic violence. Such training activities shall include training on how to identify and address the specific protection and support needs of victims who face a heightened risk of violence due to their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds.
Amendment 322 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 1
Article 38 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that targeted and effective intervention programmes are established to prevent and minimise the risk of committing offences of violence against womengender- based violence or domestic violence, or reoffending.
Amendment 323 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 2
Article 38 – paragraph 2
2. The intervention programmes shall be made available for participation including to persons who fear they might commit any offence of violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence.
Amendment 324 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 39 – paragraph 1
Article 39 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall adopt and implement state-wide effective, comprehensive and co-ordinated policies encompassing all relevant measures to prevent and combat all forms of violence against womengender- based violence and domestic violence.
Amendment 327 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 41 – paragraph 1
Article 41 – paragraph 1
Member States shall cooperate with and consult civil society organisations, including non-governmental organisations working with victims of violence against women or domestic violencegender-based violence or domestic violence, or specialised non-governmental organisations working with vulnerable women and victims at a heightened risk of violence and trade unions, in particular in providing support to victims, concerning policymaking initiatives, information and awareness-raising campaigns, research and education programmes and in training, as well as in monitoring and evaluating the impact of measures to support and protect victims.
Amendment 331 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 43 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 43 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) providing assistance to Union networks working on matters directly relevant to violence against womengender-based violence and domestic violence.
Amendment 332 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 44 – paragraph 1
Article 44 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall have a system in place for the collection, development, production and dissemination of statistics on violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence, including the forms of violence referred to in Articles 5 to 10.
Amendment 335 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) the number of victims who experienced violence against womengender-based violence or domestic violence during the last 12 months, last five years and lifetime;
Amendment 336 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
(b a) the number of victims who experienced violence, disaggregated by the ground or multiple grounds which motivated the offense.
Amendment 338 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 44 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
Article 44 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
Member States shall consult the social partners in the data collection process, in particular when it comes to gender-based violence and sexual harassment at work.
Amendment 345 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16 a (new)
Recital 16 a (new)
(16a) In order to address the severe and long-lasting physical and psychological impairments of intersex genital mutilation performed on persons with variations of sex characteristics, also known as intersex persons, this offence should be specifically and adequately addressed in the criminal laws. Non-vital, non- consensual procedures and treatments performed on intersex children assigned female, such as labiaplasties, vaginoplasties, gonadectomies, clitoral “recession” and other forms of clitoral cutting or removal, are specifically based on sexist and misogynistic beliefs aimed at exerting control over intersex girls’ and women’s physical appearance and sexuality. The term "capacity to provide consent" shall be interpreted as the ability to understand the facts, assess the risks and benefits and balance the short- and long-term consequences of the possible choices and make a decision. Member States shall ensure that a minor is deemed capable of providing consent only if all the elements above are assessed to be in place. The term "hormonal treatments" shall be understood as any non- consensual treatments aimed at altering the sex characteristics of the person; it excludes consensual gender affirming hormonal treatments or access to hormone blockers.
Amendment 360 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) It is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. Cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians, journalists and human rights defenders, as well as persons who are part of marginalised communities. It can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. Cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings, such as schools and universities, with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health, which may, in extreme cases, lead to suicide. Women and girls exposed to discrimination and violence on the basis of a combination of their sex or gender and other grounds are disproportionately affected by cyber violence, including cyber harassment or cyber incitement to violence or hatred.
Amendment 390 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 22
Recital 22
(22) The increase in internet and social media usage has led to a sharp rise in public incitement to violence and hatred, including based on sex or gender, over the past years. The easy, fast and broad sharing of hate speech through the digital word is reinforced by the online disinhibition effect, as the presumed anonymity on the internet and sense of impunity reduce people’s inhibition to engage in such speech. Women are often the target of sexist and misogynous hate online, which can escalate into hate crime offlinOftentimes, perpetrators of such incitement online are public figures who, due to a presumed impunity, have the effect of legitimising and emboldening acts of violence offline. Women are often the target of sexist and misogynous hate online, which can escalate into hate crime offline. Children and youth can also be the target of violent cyber violence owing to personal characteristics such as disability, racial or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, sex characteristics or other grounds which, if left unaddressed, may cause social exclusion, anxiety, inducement to inflict self-harm and, in extreme situations, suicide ideation, suicide attempts or actual suicide. This needs to be intercepted at an early stage. The language used in this type of incitement does not always directly refer to the sex or gender of the targeted person(s), but the biased motivation can be inferred from the overall content or context of the incitement.
Amendment 430 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 29
Recital 29
(29) When assessing the victim’s protection and support needs, the primary concern should lie in safeguarding the victim’s safety and providing tailored support, taking into account, among other matters, the individual circumstances of the victim, specific needs and vulnerability. Such circumstances requiring special attention could include the victim’s pregnancy or the victim’s dependence on or relationship to the offender.
Amendment 504 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 46
Recital 46
(46) Specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence, including sexual violence, female genital mutilation, intersex genital mutilation, forced marriage, forced abortion and sterilisation, sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.
Amendment 537 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 50
Recital 50
(50) The traumatic nature of sexual violence, including rape, requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. Victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. Rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each Member State. Similarly, victims of female genital mutilation, who are often girls, and of intersex genital mutilation, typically are in need of targeted support. Therefore, Member States should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.
Amendment 558 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 53
Recital 53
(53) Shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. Beyond providing a safe place to stay, shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health, financial situation and the well-being of their children, ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. Member States should ensure the availability of sufficient dedicated domestic violence shelters, with an adequate geographical distribution. A variety of different models should be made available, including single-gender shelters, thereby ensuring maximum flexibility for victims. Shelters should always be available free of charge for the victim.
Amendment 587 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 56
Recital 56
(56) Victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence, such as women with disabilities, women with dependant residence status or permit, undocumented migrant women, women applicants for international protection, women fleeing armed conflict, women affected by homelessness, with a minority racial or ethnic background, living in rural areas, women sex workers, detainees, or older women, children, victims of so-called "honour crimes" or LBTIQ women and other LGBTIQ people subject to gender- based violence, should receive specific protection and support.
Amendment 603 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 58
Recital 58
(58) Member States should ensure that preventive measures, such as awareness- raising campaigns, are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. Special attention must be paid in awareness-raising campaignst to women andexperiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds, and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. Prevention should also take place in formal education, in particular, through strengthening sexualityinclusive sexuality and relationships education and socio- emotional competencies, empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationshipssuch as empathy.
Amendment 632 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 61
Recital 61
(61) In order to counteract underreporting, Member States should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes and prejudices, including multiple discrimination grounds, but also in the prevention of offences, given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.
Amendment 636 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 61 a (new)
Recital 61 a (new)
(61a) Member States should recognise women's civil society organisations, including organisations working with women at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence, as partners in policy development and implementation and should, where relevant, include them in the work of government bodies and committees working to combat violence against women and domestic violence. In addition, other relevant stakeholders should be consulted on relevant issues, such as social partners in relation to sexual harassment at the workplace.
Amendment 653 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 65
Recital 65
(65) Member States should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. Data collected should include the context in which the offence took place, such as at home, at the workplace or online, as well as information about whether a victim is at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence, as this will inform future targeted policy actions. It should also include whether violence was committed against victims affected by intersectional discrimination as defined in recital 11. When sharing the data collected, no personal data should be included.
Amendment 685 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1
Article 2 – paragraph 1
1. When implementing the measures under this Directive, Member States shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds, as well as to victims at an increased risk of domestic violence, so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs, as set out in Article 18(4), Article 27(5), Article 35(1) and Article 37(7).
Amendment 800 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 a (new)
Article 6 a (new)
Article 6 a Intersex Genital Mutilation Member States shall ensure that the following intentional conduct is punishable as a criminal offence: 1) Performing any surgical or medical procedure or hormonal treatment on the sex characteristics of a person with variations of sex characteristics, with the purpose or effect of altering such characteristics so that they align with those considered typically female or male: a. In the case the person referred to in point 1) has the capacity to provide consent to the procedure or treatment, if the person does not provide informed consent; b. In the case the person referred to in point 1) does not have the capacity to provide consent to the procedure or treatment, unless an urgent procedure or treatment is undertaken on reasonable grounds to save the person’s life or prevent serious damage to the person’s physical health. 2) Coercing a person with variations of sex characteristics to undergo any of the procedures or treatments referred to in point 1), or coercing the person holding parental responsibility to authorise any of the procedures referred to in point 1).
Amendment 912 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4
Article 12 – paragraph 4
4. Member States shall ensure that the criminal offences referred to in Articles 6 isand 6a are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in Article 13.
Amendment 973 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3
Article 15 – paragraph 3
3. Member States shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in Articles 6 and 6a of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.
Amendment 1042 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 4
Article 17 – paragraph 4
4. The competent authorities shall promptly refer victims to relevant health care professionals or specialised support services referred to in Articles 27, 28 and 29 to assist in securing evidence, in particular in cases of sexual violence, where the victim wishes to bring charges and make use of such services.
Amendment 1070 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 4
Article 18 – paragraph 4
4. The assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances, including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence, as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. It shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim, paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation.
Amendment 1107 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1
Article 20 – paragraph 1
1. If the assessments referred to in Articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support, Member States shall ensure that specialised support services contact victims to offer support.
Amendment 1176 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point e
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point e
(e) how to cater to the enhanced protection and support needs of victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds;
Amendment 1294 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 5
Article 27 – paragraph 5
5. Member States shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence, including on referring victims to the relevant support services. Such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds of discrimination.
Amendment 1314 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Article 28 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall provide for appropriately equipped, easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence, including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence, which should clarify whether the motives were related to the sex or gender and other personal characteristics of the victim. These centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations, trauma support and psychological counselling, after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. Where the victim is a child, such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner.
Amendment 1339 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 a (new)
Article 29 a (new)
Article 29a Specialist support for victims of intersex genital mutilation 1. Member States shall ensure that victims of intersex genital mutilation are provided with effective support, including gynaecological, psycho-social, psychological and trauma care and counselling tailored to the specific needs of such victims, after the offence has been committed and for as long as necessary thereafter. This shall also include access to treatment and medications needed as a consequence of intersex genital mutilation. 2. Article 27(3) and (6) and Article 28(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provision of support to victims of intersex genital mutilation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
Amendment 1377 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 32 – paragraph 1
Article 32 – paragraph 1
1. The shelters and other appropriate interim accommodations as provided for in Article 9(3), point (a), of Directive 2012/29/EU shall address the specific needs of women victims of domestic violence and sexual violence, including by ensuring that there is access to single- gender shelters. They shall assist them in their recovery, providing adequate and appropriate living conditions with a view on a return to independent living.
Amendment 1431 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1
Article 35 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure the provision of specific support to victims at an increased risk of violence against women or domestic violence, such as women with disabilities, women living in rural areas, women with dependant residence status or permit, undocumented migrant women, women applying for international protection, women fleeing from armed conflict, women affected by homelessness, women with a minority racial or ethnic background, women sex workers, women detainees, or older women, victims of so-called "honour crimes" or LBTIQ women and other LGBTIQ people subject to gender-based violence.
Amendment 1481 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 5
Article 36 – paragraph 5
5. Preventive measures shall in particular aim at challenging harmful gender stereotypes, capacitating society with the knowledge to understand consent and identify and address instances of violence, promoting equality between women and men, encouraging all, including men and boys, to act as positive role models to support corresponding behaviour changes across society as a whole in line with the objectives of this directive.
Amendment 1491 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 6
Article 36 – paragraph 6
6. Preventive measures shall develop and/or increase sensitivity about the harmful practice of female genital mutilation, intersex mutilation and other harmful practices.
Amendment 1521 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 2
Article 37 – paragraph 2
2. Relevant health professionals, including paediatricians and midwives, shall receive targeted training to identify and address, in a cultural-sensitive manner, the physical, psychological and sexual consequences of female genital mutilation, intersex genital mutilation and other harmful practices.
Amendment 1536 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5
Article 37 – paragraph 5
5. Without affecting media freedom and pluralism, Member States shall encourage and support the setting up of media training activities by media professionals’ organisations, media self- regulatory bodies and industry representatives or other relevant independent organisations, to combat stereotypical portrayals of women and men, sexist images of women, and victim- blaming in the media, aimed at reducing the risk of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence.
Amendment 1579 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 41 – paragraph 1
Article 41 – paragraph 1
Member States shall cooperate with and consult civil society organisations, including non-governmental organisations working with victims of violence against women or domestic, domestic violence, or specialised non-governmental organisations working with vulnerable women and victims at a heightened risk of violence, in particular in providing support to victims, concerning policymaking initiatives, information and awareness-raising campaigns, research and education programmes and in training, as well as in monitoring and evaluating the impact of measures to support and protect victims.
Amendment 1626 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
Article 44 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
(ba) the number of victims who experienced violence, disaggregated by the ground or multiple grounds which motivated the offense.