22 Amendments of Marianne VIND related to 2021/0207(COD)
Amendment 17 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1
Recital 1
(1) Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council10 established a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union, in order to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost- effective and economically efficient manner. Aviation activities related to all flights departing from or arriving at an aerodrome in the Union were included in the EU emissions trading system by Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council11 . _________________ 10 Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32). 11Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (OJ L 8, 13.1.2009, p. 3).
Amendment 19 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1 a (new)
Recital 1 a (new)
(1a) In April 2013, the Union, under international pressure, discontinued the enforcement of certain provisions of Directive 2008/101/EC by introducing the so-called ‘stop the clock’ derogation, which excluded all extra-EU flights from the EU ETS. The derogation was put in place in order for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to establish a global agreement on regulating international aviation emissions, and it has been extended twice, first until 2017 and subsequently until 2023.
Amendment 22 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) The Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) entered into force in November 2016 (“the Paris Agreement”)12. The parties to the Paris Agreement have agreed to hold the increase in the global average temperature well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C above pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement, all sectors of the economy need to contribute to achieving emission reductions, including international aviation. Given that experts’ estimations, announced during the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP26), held in Glasgow from 31 October to 13 November 2021, indicate that the world is on a path to experiencing an average temperature increase of between1,8°C and 2,4°C, the Parties agreed in their conclusions of COP26 to revisit their commitments, as necessary, by the end of 2022 to be back on track for1,5°C of warming, maintaining the upper end of ambition under the Paris Agreement. In order to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement, all sectors of the economy need to contribute to achieving emission reductions, including international aviation. During COP26, the International Aviation Climate Ambition Coalition was launched, whereby 23countries adopted a declaration committing to ambitious action on international aviation emissions, including through a new global goal and the promotion of cleaner fuels and technologies. _________________ 12 Paris Agreement (OJ L 282, 19.10.2016, p. 4).
Amendment 23 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2 a (new)
Recital 2 a (new)
(2a) While the COVID-19 pandemic caused a temporary reduction of aviation traffic, existing pre-COVID-19 pandemic projections point to an annual increase in aviation emissions at global and Union level by 53 % and 150 % until 2040, compared to2017 and 2020, respectively2a
Amendment 24 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2 b (new)
Recital 2 b (new)
(2b) Swift policy action is therefore needed in order to regulate aviation emissions at Union and global level by increasing the level of ambition through the use of carbon pricing tools based on environmental integrity and the efficient interplay between the global and Union market-based instruments that ensure aviation’s contribution to economy-wide emissions reduction.
Amendment 25 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Council adopted the First Edition of the International Standards and Recommended Practices on Environmental Protection - Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) (Annex 16, Volume IV to the Chicago Convention) at the tenth meeting of its 214th session on 27 June 2018. The Union and its Member States continue to support CORSIA and are committed to implement it from the start of the pilot phase 2021-202313 implement CORSIA from the start of the pilot phase 2021-202313 . However, in terms of its effectiveness in reaching the Paris Agreement goals as well as the Union's climate targets, CORSIA's level of ambition for the international aviation sector is not in line with the global level of ambition required to keep within the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement3a. The Union and its Member States should therefore be actively involved in climate diplomacy with the purpose of increasing the coverage of CORSIA, improving its environmental integrity, and thereby ensuring that it effectively reduces aviation emissions. It is also important that the enforceability and transparency linked to CORSIA be improved adequately. _________________ 13Council Decision (EU) 2020/954 of 25 June 2020 on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union within the International Civil Aviation Organization as regards the notification of voluntary participation in the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) from 1 January 2021 and the option selected for calculating aeroplane operators’ offsetting requirements during the 2021-2023 period (OJ L 212, 3.7.2020, p. 14).
Amendment 29 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) The Union has enshrined into legislation the target of economy-wide climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council17 . That Regulation also establishes a binding Union domestic reduction commitment of net greenhouse gas emissions (emissions after deduction of removals) by at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. _________________ 17Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality (European Climate Law) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1).
Amendment 30 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) This amendment to Directive 2003/87/EC aims at the implementation for aviation of the Union’s contributions under the Paris Agreement, and of the regulatory framework to achieve the binding Union 2030 climate target of a domestic reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 % compared to 1990 levels by 2030 set out in Regulation (EU) 2021/ … .In this respect, in addition to actions aimed at reducing or mitigating the climate change impact of CO2, this Directive should also put forward measures to address non- CO2emissions from aviation.
Amendment 34 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) Aviation should contribute to the emission reduction efforts necessary for the Union’s 2030 and 2050 climate targets. Therefore, the total quantity of allowances for aviation should be consolidated and subject to the linear reduction factor.
Amendment 35 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Achieving the increased climate ambition will require channelling as many resources as possible to the climate transition. As a result, all auction revenues that are not attributed to the Union budget should be used for climate-related purposes. For the ETS revision for phase four (2021-2030), an increase in auction revenues is envisaged within the aviation sector due to the phasing-out of free allowances and the coverage of flights between the Union and third countries. The share of such increased auction revenues that is attributed to the general budget of the Union as well as the revenue from payments of penalties settled by the aircraft operators in accordance with Article 16 of Directive 2003/87/EC should be allocated to the Innovation Fund and used entirely for enabling a just and sustainable transition to the decarbonisation of the aviation sector. That funding should be used especially for operational, aeronautics, airframe and new propulsion technologies, and sustainable aviation fuels to reduce the climate and environmental impacts of the aviation sector. Funding should be inclusive in terms of the involvement of stakeholders from public and private sectors representing a broad geographical and competence base across the Member States. The 'Fit for 55' legislative package, in general, and this Directive, in particular, should acknowledge the social dimension of the transition towards sustainable aviation. In order to ensure there is a socially just transition in this regard and protect the most vulnerable actors within the sector, an enhanced social dialogue at all stages should be promoted. Moreover, the availability of funds within relevant funding mechanisms under the EU ETS should be ensured in order to provide training, re- skilling, and up-skilling for workers, and, where appropriate, financial schemes to manage any unemployment risks due to the transitional measures taken in the sector.
Amendment 65 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
Amendment 70 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) To ensure equal treatment on routes, flights to and from countries that are not implementing CORSIA should be exemptAircraft operators should not be able to subtract the financial value of CORSIA credits from EU ETS or CORSIA obligations. To incentivise full implementation of CORSIA starting in 2027, the exemption should only apply to emissions up to 31 December 2026allowances for flights to and from countries that are not implementing CORSIA.
Amendment 71 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20 a (new)
Recital 20 a (new)
(20a) The Union should do its utmost to advance the deployment and ensure strengthened ambition in the international carbon-offsetting scheme, CORSIA and support adopting a long- term goal to reduce global aviation emissions.
Amendment 72 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 22
Recital 22
(22) In order to ensure uniform conditions for exempting aircraft operators from surrender requirements as laid down in Article 12(8) of Directive 2003/87/EC in respect of emissions from flights to and from countries applying CORSIA in a less stringent manner in its domestic law, or failing to enforce CORSIA provisions in a manner equal to all aircraft operators pursuant to Article 25a(7) of that Directive, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission to exempt airlines based in the Union from surrender requirements in respect of emissions from flights where a significant distortion of competition to the detrimentApplying the EU ETS in conjunction with CORSIA would lead to the creation of uniform conditions and equal treatment for both Union and third country aircraft operators, in the surrendering of requirements as laid down in Article 3e of aDirlines based in the Union occurs due to a less stringent implementation or enforcement of CORSIA in the third country. The distortion of competition could be caused by a less stringent approach to eligible offset credits or double counective 2003/87/EC in respect of emissions from flights departing pfrovisions. Those powers should be exercised m and arriving accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Councilt Union aerodromes.
Amendment 91 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26 a (new)
Recital 26 a (new)
(26a) A significant amount of the Innovation Fund should support advance research and development in the aviation sector, in particular those related to deployment of decarbonisation solutions and sustainable aviation fuels.
Amendment 106 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 c – paragraph 6
Article 3 c – paragraph 6
6. In respect of flights departing from abetween aerodromes located in the EEA which arrive at, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom, and aerodromes located inoutside the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom, which were not covered by the EU ETS in 2023, the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators shall be increased by the levels of allocations, including free allocation and auctioning, which would have been made if they were covered by the EU ETS in that year, reduced by the linear reduction factor specified in Article 9.
Amendment 110 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 c – paragraph 7
Article 3 c – paragraph 7
7. By way of derogation from Articles 12(2a), 14(3) and Article 16, Member States shall consider the requirements set out in those provisions to be satisfied and shall take no action against aircraft operators in respect of emissions taking place until 20305 from flights between an aerodrome located in an outermost region, a dependency or territory of a Member State and an aerodrome located in the same Member State outside that outermost region, dependency or territory.;
Amendment 137 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 f
Article 3 f
(3) Articles 3e and 3f areis deleted;
Amendment 139 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 e
Article 3 e
(3a) Article 3e is replaced by the following: Article 3e 'Integration of the EU ETS and CORSIA 1. In order to ensure that economy- wide emissions reductions remain at a level that is consistent with the Union’s nationally determined contribution for 2030, and by way of derogation from Article 25a, from 1 April 2025, aircraft operators shall surrender allowances for emissions from flights other than flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA and arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom in the previous calendar year. For emissions from flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA and arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom, aircraft operators shall surrender allowances in accordance with Articles 3d and 3c. 2. The total quantity of allowances to be allocated shall be increased to cover two thirds of verified emissions from additional departing and incoming flights in 2023, to account for the increased scope following the completion of the surrendering exercise in 2024. The linear reduction factor as detailed in articles 9 and 28a shall continue to apply. 3. To ensure that emissions are not priced twice for departing and incoming flights and to take due account of CORSIA's offsetting obligations above a baseline set at 2019 levels for the years 2021-2023 and set at the average of 2019- 2020 levels for the years 2024-2035, aircraft operators shall be reimbursed for the financial value of expenditure on credits which they had used under CORSIA for extra-EU routes. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 23 to supplement this Directive in order to determine the methodology and mechanism for carrying out this reimbursement, which could require converting the financial value of CORSIA credits into EU ETS allowances. The Commission shall consider the average price of EU ETS allowances as the average price of the last year in which auctions on the common auction platform took place. 4. The use of revenues linked to flights covered by this Article in the EU ETS shall be the following and the provisions of this Article do not apply for emissions from flights departing from an aerodrome located in the EEA and arriving at an aerodrome located in the EEA, in Switzerland or in the United Kingdom: (a) 50 % shall be used to finance projects administered through the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), to reduce aviation’s total climate impact, including through the use of prizes to reward zero emissions technologies as provided for in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/8561a; (b) 20 % of the revenues generated shall be used to contribute to UNFCCC climate funds, in particular the Green Climate Fund and the Adaptation Fund, to advance international action to mitigate the impact of climate change on the most vulnerable communities; (c) 30 % of revenues generated shall be used as determined by Member States in line with Article 10(3).
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 a – paragraph 8 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
Article 10 a – paragraph 8 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
Amendment 167 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 14 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Amendment 168 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 b (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 14 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 3 b (new)