Activities of Arlene McCARTHY related to 2011/0296(COD)
Plenary speeches (1)
Markets in financial instruments and repeal of Directive 2004/39/EC - Markets in financial instruments and amendment of the EMIR Regulation on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories (debate)
Amendments (33)
Amendment 98 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Definitions of regulated market and MTF should be introduced andclarified and remain closely aligned with each other to reflect the fact that they represent the same organised trading functionality. The definitions should exclude bilateral systems where an investment firm enters into every trade on own account, even as a riskless counterparty interposed between the buyer and seller. The term ‘'system’' encompasses all those markets that are composed of a set of rules and a trading platform as well as those that only function on the basis of a set of rules. Regulated markets and MTFs are not obliged to operate a ‘'technical’' system for matching orders. A market which is only composed of a set of rules that governs aspects related to membership, admission of instruments to trading, trading between members, reporting and, where applicable, transparency obligations is a regulated market or an MTF within the meaning of this Directive and the transactions concluded under those rules are considered to be concluded under the systems of a regulated market or an MTF. The term ‘'buying and selling interests’' is to be understood in a broad sense and includes orders, quotes and indications of interest. The requiremento address one of the main ambiguities created by the original Directive, the definitions of Regulated markets and MTFs should not include any reference to a requirement on these trading venues. The current requirements on these two venue types should be kept the same, but be presented separately from the definitions to ensure that the definition captures the trading functionality which then becomes subject to a clear set of rules. One of the important requirements concerns the obligation that the interests be brought together in the system by means of non- discretionary rules set by the system operator, which means that they are brought together under the system's rules or by means of the system's protocols or internal operating procedures (including procedures embodied in computer software). The term ‘'non-discretionary rules’' means that these rules leave the investment firm operating an MTF with no discretion as to how interests may interact. The definitions require that interests be brought together in such a way as to result in a contract, meaning that execution takes place under the system's rules or by means of the system's protocols or internal operating procedures.
Amendment 102 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) In order to make European markets more transparent, safer, more efficient, and to level the playing field between various venues offering trading services, it is necessary to introduce a newclarify the existing categoryies of organised trading facility (OTF). This new category is broadly definedtrading venues so that all functionally identical trading is subject to identical rules. These clarifications should cover all the major sources of ambiguity so that now and in the future ithe existing trading venues should be able to capture all types of organised execution and arranging of trading which do not correspond to the functionalities or regulatory specifications of existing venues. Consequently appropriate, identical organisational requirements and transparency rules which support efficient price discovery need to be applied. The new category includesas well as identical rules aimed at ensuring objective, non- discretionary execution and non- discriminatory access to the platforms need to be applied. The clarifications of the RM, MTF and SI definitions should ensure that broker crossing systems, which can be described as internal electronic matching systems operated by an investment firm which execute client orders against other client orders. The new category, are regulated either as MTFs or SIs, depending on which trading functionality they have. The clarified definitions of RMs, MTFs and SIs should also encompasses systems eligible for trading clearing-eligible and sufficiently liquid derivatives. IBy contrast, it shall not include facilities where there is no genuine trade execution or arranging taking place in the system, such as bulletin boards used for advertising buying and selling interests, other entities aggregating or pooling potential buying or selling interests, or electronic post-trade confirmation services., should continue to be defined as OTC. (This amendment (i.e. the deletion of "OTF") applies throughout the text. Adopting it will necessitate corresponding changes throughout including the definition in article 2.)
Amendment 111 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) This new category of organisede clarification of the existing types of trading venues is needed to ensure that all multilateral and bilateral trading facility will complement the existing types of trading venues. Whiletivities are subject to the same rules. In particular, the clarifications of the definitions of and the regimes imposed on regulated markets and multilateral trading facilities are characterised byshould clarify that both trading venues must have non- discretionary execution of transactions, the operator of an organised trading facility should have discretion over how a transaction is to be executed. The non- discretionary execution of transactions in a RM or MTF is fully separate from, and complementary to, the client-facing requirements imposed on intermediaries when executing client orders. Consequently, conduct of business rules, best execution and client order handling obligations should continue to apply to the transactions concluded on an O RM or MTF operated by an investment firm or a market operator. However, because an OTF constitutes a genuine trading pthe market- facing regulatform, the platform operator should be neutral. Therefore, the operator of an OTF should not be allowed to execute in the OTF any transaction between multiple third-party buying and selling interests including client orders brought together in the system against his own proprietary capital. This also excludes them from acting as systematic internay duties associated with operating a trading platform are different from the client-facing duties of an intermediary, both types of platforms must continue to be subject to the requirement to delisvers in the OTF operated by them non-discretionary execution.
Amendment 133 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) An investment firm executing client orders against own proprietary capital should be deemed a systematic internaliser, unless the transactions are carried out outside regulated markets, MTFs and OTFs on an occasional, ad hoc and irregular basin an over-the-counter (OTC) basis. OTC trading refers to bilateral trading outside systematic internalisers on an occasional, ad hoc and irregular basis with eligible counterparties and at sizes above standard market size. Any platform by definition cannot be considered as OTC since it cannot be ad hoc or irregular. Any trading that combines the characteristics of multilateral and bilateral trading should also not be considered as OTC, and instead be split into its separate multilateral and bilateral components. Systematic internalisers should be defined as investment firms which, on an organised, frequent and systematic basis, deal on own account by executing client orders outside a regulated market, an MTF or an OMTF. In order to ensure the objective and effective application of this definition to investment firms, any bilateral trading carried out with clients should be relevant and quantitative criteria should complement the qualitative criteria for the identification of investment firms required to register as systematic internalisers, laid down in Article 21 of Commission Regulation No 1287/2006 implementing Directive 2004/39/EC. While an OTF is any system or facility in which multiple third party buying and selling interests interact in the system, aA systematic internaliser should not be allowed to bring together third party buying and selling interests.
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 18
Recital 18
(18) It is not the intention of this Regulation to require the application of pre-trade transparency rules as well as other market-facing rules imposed on trading venues to transactions carried out on an OTC basis, the characteristics of which includare that they are bilateral, ad-hoc and irregular and are carried out with wholesaeligible counterparties and are part of a business relationship which is itself characterised by dealings above standard market size, and where the deals are carried out outside the systems usually used by the firm concerned for its business as a systematic internaliser.
Amendment 199 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 4 a (new)
4 a. Title VII of this Regulation also applies to all financial counterparties as defined in Article 2 of Directive [new MiFID].
Amendment 204 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
(2 a) 'Multilateral system' means a system that brings together or facilitates the bringing together of buying and selling interests in financial instruments, whereby the operator does not take on capital risk, irrespective of the actual number of orders that are executed in the resulting transactions;
Amendment 205 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 b (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2 b (new)
(2 b) 'Bilateral system' means a system that brings together or facilitates the buying and selling interests in financial instruments, whereby the operator of the investment firms takes on capital risk;
Amendment 206 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3
(3) ‘systematic internaliser’ means an investment firm which, on an organised, frequent and systematic basis, deals on own account by executing client orders outside a regulated market or an MTF or an OTFcarries out bilateral trading;
Amendment 211 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 5
(5) ‘regulated market’ means a multilateral system operated and/or managed by a market operator, which brings together or facilitates the bringing together of multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments – in the system and in accordance with its non-discretionary rules – in a way that results in a contract, in respect of the financial instruments admitted to trading under its rules and/or systems, and which is authorised and functions regularly and in accordance with the provisions of Title III of Directive [new MiFID];
Amendment 217 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6
(6) ‘multilateral trading facility (MTF)’ means a multilateral system, operated by an investment firm or a market operator, which brings together multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments – in the system and in accordance with non-discretionary rules – in a way that results in a contract in accordance with the provisions of Title II of Directive [new MiFID];
Amendment 221 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
(6 a) 'Over-the-counter (OTC) trading' means any bilateral trading which is, cumulatively, carried out by a broker outside a platform on its own account on an occasional, ad hoc and irregular basis with eligible counterparties and always at sizes above standard market size;
Amendment 240 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 25
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 25
(25) ‘trading venue’ means any regulated market, MTF or OTFSystematic Internaliser.
Amendment 260 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – title
Article 4 – title
Amendment 268 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – paragraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 2
2. Before granting a waiver in accordance with paragraph 1, competent authorities shall notify ESMA and other competent authorities of the intended use of each individual waiver request and provide an explanation regarding their functioning. Notification of the intention to grant a waiver shall be made not less than 6 months before the waiver is intended to take effect. Within 3 months following receipt of the notification, ESMA shall issue an positive opinion to the competent authority in question assessing the compatibility of each waiver with the requirements established in paragraph 1 and specified in the delegated act adopted pursuant to paragraphs 3(b) and (c). A competent authority shall only grant waivers upon that positive opinion of ESMA. Where that competent authority grants a waiver and a competent authority of another Member State disagrees with this, that competent authority may refer the matter back to ESMA, which may act in accordance with the powers conferred on it under Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010. ESMA shall monitor the application of the waivers and shall submit an annual report to the Commission on how they are applied in practice.
Amendment 272 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Competent authorities shall be able to withdraw the authorisation for regulated markets, market operators or investment firms to use one of the waivers specified in paragraph 3. Competent authorities shall withdraw the authorisation if they observe that the waiver is used in a way that is deviating from its original purpose or if they believe that the waiver is used to circumvent the rules established in this article. Before withdrawing the authorisation to use a waiver, competent authorities shall notify ESMA and other competent authorities of their intention providing a full explanation of the rationale behind such an intention. Notification of the intention to withdraw the authorisation to use a waiver shall be made as soon as possible. Within 1 month following receipt of the notification, ESMA shall issue a non-binding opinion to the competent authority in question. After receiving the opinion, the competent authority shall make its decision effective.
Amendment 308 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1
Article 7 – paragraph 1
1. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF based on the trading system operated shall make public prices and the depth of trading interests at those prices for orders or quotes advertised through their systems for bonds and structured finance products admitted to trading on a regulated market or traded on an MTF or for which a prospectus has been published, emission allowances and for derivatives admitted to trading or which are traded on an MTF or an OTF. This requirement shall also apply to actionable indications of interests. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF shall make this information available to the public on a continuous basis during normal trading hours.
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 7 – paragraph 1
Article 7 – paragraph 1
1. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF based on the trading system operated shall make public prices and the depth of trading interests at those prices for orders or quotes advertised through their systems for bonds and structured finance products admitted to trading on a regulated market or for which a prospectus has been published, emission allowances and for derivatives admitted to trading or which are traded on an MTF or an OTFwhich are subject to the trading obligations as referred to in Art. 24. This requirement shall also apply to actionable indications of interests. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF shall make this information available to the public on a continuous basis during normal trading hours.
Amendment 323 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 8 – title
Article 8 – title
Amendment 338 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 8 – paragraph 3
Article 8 – paragraph 3
3. Before granting a waiver in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2, competent authorities shall notify ESMA and other competent authorities of the intended use of waivers and provide an explanation regarding their functioning. Notification of the intention to grant a waiver shall be made not less than 6 months before the waiver is intended to take effect. Within 3 months following receipt of the notification, ESMA shall issue an positive opinion to the competent authority in question assessing the compatibility of each individual waiver request with the requirements established in paragraphs 1 and 2 and specified in the delegated act adopted pursuant to paragraph 4(b). A competent authority shall only grant waivers upon that positive opinion of ESMA. Where that competent authority grants a waiver and a competent authority of another Member State disagrees with this, that competent authority may refer the matter back to ESMA, which may act in accordance with the powers conferred on it under Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010. ESMA shall monitor the application of the waivers and shall submit an annual report to the Commission on how they are applied in practice.
Amendment 342 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 8 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 8 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Competent authorities shall be able to withdraw the authorisation for regulated markets, market operators or investment firms to use one of the waivers specified in paragraph 4. Competent authorities shall withdraw the authorisation if they observe that the waiver is used in a way that is deviating from its original purpose or if they believe that the waiver is used to circumvent the rules established in this article. Before withdrawing the authorisation to use a waiver, competent authorities shall notify ESMA and other competent authorities of their intention providing a full explanation of the rationale behind such an intention. Notification of the intention to withdraw the authorisation to use a waiver shall be made as soon as possible. Within 1 month following receipt of the notification, ESMA shall issue a non-binding opinion to the competent authority in question. After receiving the opinion, the competent authority shall make its decision effective.
Amendment 372 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 9 – paragraph 1
Article 9 – paragraph 1
1. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF shall make public the price, volume and time of the transactions executed in respect of bonds and structured finance products admitted to trading on a regulated market or for which a prospectus has been published, emission allowances and for derivatives admitted to trading or which are traded on an MTF or an OTFwhich are subject to the trading obligations as referred to in Article 24. Regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF shall make details of all such transactions public as close to real-time as is technically possible.
Amendment 400 #
Proposal for a regulation
Title 3
Title 3
Transparency for investment firms trading OTC including systematic internaliserstrading venues with bilateral systems including OTC
Amendment 423 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
1. Systematic internalisers shall provide firm quotes in bonds and structured finance products admitted to trading on a regulated market or for which a prospectus has been published, emission allowances and derivatives which are clearing-eligible or are admitted tosubject to the trading obligation as regulated market or are traded on an MTF or an OTFferred to in Art. 24 when the following conditions are fulfilled:
Amendment 487 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 23 – paragraph 2
Article 23 – paragraph 2
Amendment 492 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 23 – paragraph 3
Article 23 – paragraph 3
3. The reports shall, in particular, include details of the type, asset class, names and numbers of the instruments bought or sold, the quantity, the dates and times of execution, the transaction prices, a designation to identify the clients on whose behalf the investment firm has executed that transaction, a designation to identify the persons and the computer algorithms within the investment firm responsible for the investment decision and the execution of the transaction, and means of identifying the investment firms concerned. For transactions not carried out on a regulated market, MTF or OTF, the reports shall also include a designation identifying the types of transactions in accordance with the measures to be adopted pursuant to Article 19(3)(a) and Article 20(3)(a).
Amendment 705 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 32 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point a
Article 32 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point a
(a) an investment product, a financial instrument or activity or practice gives rise to significant investor protection concerns or poses a serious threat to the orderly functioning and integrity of financial markets or the stability of whole or part of the financial system, or a derivative product has a detrimental effect on the price formation mechanism in the underlying market;
Amendment 720 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 32 a (new)
Article 32 a (new)
Article 32a Prohibition of certain financial instruments National competent authorities shall prohibit the marketing, distribution and sale of all financial instruments offering commodity index replications. This measure shall take effect six months after the entry into force of this Regulation.
Amendment 721 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 33 – paragraph 1
Article 33 – paragraph 1
1. ESMA shall perform a facilitation and coordination role in relation to action taken by competent authorities under Article 32 and 32a. In particular ESMA shall ensure that action taken by a competent authority is justified and proportionate and that where appropriate a consistent approach is taken by competent authorities.
Amendment 724 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 33 – paragraph 2
Article 33 – paragraph 2
2. After receiving notification under Article 32 and 32a of any action that is to be imposed under that Article, ESMA shall adopt an opinion on whether it considers the prohibition or restriction is justified and proportionate. If ESMA considers that the taking of a measure by other competent authorities is necessary to address the risk, it shall also state this in the opinion. The opinion shall be published on ESMA's website.
Amendment 733 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) after analysing the information obtained, require any such person to take steps to reduce the size of or to eliminate the position or exposure;
Amendment 742 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 35 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
Article 35 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
ESMA shall only take a decision under paragraph 1 if all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
Amendment 747 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 35 – paragraph 3 – point a
Article 35 – paragraph 3 – point a
(a) does significantly address the threat to the orderly functioning and integrity of financial markets or of delivery arrangements for physical commodities, or the stability of the whole or part of the financial system in the Union or significantly improve the ability of competent authorities to monitor the threat, and in particular the extent to which the measure: (i) supports liquidity as necessary to facilitate transactions which objectively reduce risks directly related to commercial activities related to the commodity; (ii) prevents market abuse; (iii) supports orderly pricing and settlement conditions; (iv) ensures price discovery for the physical market; (v) prevents the build-up of market distorting positions;