Activities of Britta THOMSEN related to 2012/0288(COD)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
Amendments (38)
Amendment 47 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4 a (new)
Recital 4 a (new)
(4a) Article 19(7) of Directive 2009/28/EC and Article 7d(6) of Directive 98/70/EC require the impact of indirect land-use changes on greenhouse gas emissions to be taken into account and appropriate steps to be taken to address that impact, while taking due account of the need to protect investments already made.
Amendment 58 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced biofuels, such as those made from wastes and algae, provide high greenhouse gas savings with low risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets. It is appropriate, therefore, to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities, in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies. F. Further incentives should be provided by introducing a mandatory target for advanced biofuels within the 10% target for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC compared to conventional biofuels. However, to avoid market distortions and frauds related to the production of advanced biofuels also the latter should comply with the relevant sustainability criteria as for conventional biofuels. In addition in an energy system based on renewable energy electrical vehicles (EVs) can deliver CO2 free transportation. In Directive 2009/28/EC, Article 3(4)(c) EVs are given a counting of 2,5. EVs should keep their relative advantage and further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuelEVs towards the 10% target for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC compared to conventional and advanced biofuels. In this context, onlyEVs and advanced biofuels with low estimated low indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savings should be especially supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy framework.
Amendment 78 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) In order to ensure the long-term competitiveness of bio-based industrial sectors, and in line with the 2012 Communication ‘Innovating for Sustainable growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe’11 and the Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe12 , promoting integrated and diversified biorefineries across Europe, enhanced incentives under Directive 2009/28/EC should be set in a way that gives preference to the use of biomass feedstocks that do not have a high economic value for other uses than biofuels and that use waste materials for energy purposes only in accordance with the waste hierarchy.
Amendment 89 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3 a (new)
Recital 3 a (new)
Amendment 89 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) To prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land use change impacts in the period to 2020, it is appropriate to limit the amount of biofuels and bioliquids obtained from food crops and other energy crops grown on land as set out in part A of Annex VIII to Directive 2009/28/EC and part A of Annex V to Directive 98/70/EC that can be counted towards targets set out in Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC. Without restricting the overall use of such biofuels, the share of biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugar and oil crops, oil crops and other energy crops grown on land that can be counted towards the targets of Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC should be limited to the share of such biofuels and bioliquids consumed in 2011. Furthermore it is appropriate to establish mandatory targets for advanced biofuels to be phased in gradually from 2016 to 2020, which will provide predictability and stability for investors.
Amendment 107 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) The estimatedIn order to make sure that EU targets for greenhouse gas emission savings and biofuels are effectively met, indirect land- use change emissions should be included in the reportaken into account when calculating ofthe greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels under savings required under the sustainability criteria set out in Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC. Biofuels made from feedstocks that do not lead to additional demand for land, such as those from waste feedstocks, should be assigned a zero emissions factor.
Amendment 113 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
(11a) The use of land for growing biofuel feedstocks should not result in the displacement of local and indigenous communities. To this end, only biofuels and bioliquids whose production does not impinge on the rights of local and indigenous communities should be considered as sustainable.
Amendment 122 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced biofuels, such as those made from wastes and algae, provide high greenhouse gas savings with low risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets. It is appropriate, therefore, to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities, in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies. Further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuels towards 10% targetlaying down a separate (sub)-target of at least 3% for advanced biofuels for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC compared to conventional biofuels. In this context, only advanced biofuels with low estimated indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savings should be supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy framework.
Amendment 140 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The Commission should review the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this Directive, based on the best and latest available scientific evidence, in limiting indirect land-use change greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ways to further minimise that impact, which cshould include the introduction of estimated indirect land-use change emission factors in the sustainability scheme as of 1st January 2021sustainability criteria to be met for advanced biofuels.
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 1 – point -a (new)
Article 1 – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 2 – last subparagraph (new)
Article 7a – paragraph 2 – last subparagraph (new)
(-a) In paragraph 2, the following subparagraph is inserted after point c: "For purposes of compliance with the target referred to in Directive 98/70/EC, Article 7a, subparagraphs (a) and (b), Member States shall ensure that the maximum joint contribution made by suppliers from biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars, oil crops and other energy crops grown on land shall be no more than the energy quantity corresponding to the maximum contribution set out in Article 3(4)(d) of Directive 2009/28/EC."
Amendment 151 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 1 – point a
Article 1 – point 1 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 6
Article 7a – paragraph 6
6. Fuel suppliers shall by 31 March each year report to the authority designated by the Member State, the biofuel production pathways, volumes, and the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy, including the estimated indirect land-use change emissions set out in Annex V Member States shall report these data to the Commission. In addition the fuel suppliers are obliged to report to the authority designated by the Member State on progress made towards reaching the mandatory target of 3% of the target of 10 % share of energy from renewable sources in each Member State's transport energy consumption by 2020. The suppliers shall document that the biofuels are produced from feedstocks listed in Part A of Annex IX and renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin. Member States shall report these data to the Commission.
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) To prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land use change impacts in the period to 2020, it is appropriate to limit the amount of biofuels and bioliquids obtained from food crops as set out in part A of Annex VIII to Directive 2009/28/EC and part A of Annex V to Directive 98/70/EC that can be counted towards targets set out in Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC. Without restricting the overall use of such biofuels, the share of biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugar and oil crops that can be counted towards the targets of Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC should be limited to the share of such biofuels and bioliquids consumed in 2011.
Amendment 191 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
(11a) The production of biofuels should not undermine the land rights of local and indigenous communities. Therefore special measures need to be introduced by the Union in the sustainability criteria to protect the land rights of these communities.
Amendment 201 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point b
Article 2 – point 2 – point b
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
For the purpose of compliance with target referred to in the first subparagraph, the maximum joint contribution from biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars and oil crops, oil crops and other energy crops grown on land shall be no more than the energy quantity corresponding to the maximum contribution as set out in Article 3(4)d.
Amendment 214 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point c
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point c
(ia) point c is replace by the following: "(c) For the calculation of electricity from renewable energy sources consumed by electric road vehicles, that consumtion shall be considered to be 5 times the energy content of the input of electricity from renewable energy sources."
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The Commission should review the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this Directive, based on the best and latest available scientific evidence, in limiting indirect land-use change greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ways to further minimise that impact, which cshould include the introduction of estimated indirect land-use change emission factors in the sustainability scheme as of 1st January 2021establishment of appropriate sustainability criteria for advanced biofuels.
Amendment 225 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point ii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point ii
2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point d
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point d
(d) for the calculation of biofuels in the numerator, the share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars and oil crops, oil crops and other energy crops grown on land shall be no more than 5%, the estimated share at the end of 2011, of the final consumption of energy in transport in 2020. Energy from biofuels and bioliquids shall not exceed contributions set out in this Article.
Amendment 229 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
(ca) paragraph 4a is added: "(4a) For the achievement of the target set in paragraph 4 of this Article, each Member State shall reduce energy use by at least 15 % compared to that of road transport in 2008. Each Member State shall publish and notify to the Commission, one year following adoption by [one year after the date on which this Directive enters into force], a forecast document inducating the measures and actions to be taken to comply with this paragraph."
Amendment 237 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point e
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – point e
Amendment 246 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 1 – point b a (new)
Article 1 – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 7a – paragraph 6 a (new)
(ba) the following paragraph 6a is inserted: "6a. Member States shall ensure that the maximum joint contribution made by suppliers from biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars, oil crops for purposes of compliance with the targets referred to in paragraph 2 shall be no more than the energy quantity corresponding to the maximum contribution as set out in Article 3(4)(d) of Directive 2009/28/EC."
Amendment 269 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 3 – point -a (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7d – paragraph 1
Article 7d – paragraph 1
(-a) paragraph 1 is replaced by the following: "1. For the purposes of Article 7a and Article 7b(2), life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels shall be calculated as follows: (a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission savings for the biofuel production pathway, including indirect land-use change values referred to in Annex V, is laid down in Part A or B of Annex IV and where the el value for those biofuels calculated in accordance with point 7 of Part C of Annex IV is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value; (b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV; or (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of Part C of Annex IV, where disaggregated default values in Part D or E of Annex IV may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV, for all other factors, adding the estimates for indirect land-use change emissions set out in Annex V."
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7d – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 7d – paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. In order to protect investments already made, regarding installations that were in operation on or before 1st July 2014 the indirect land-use change emissions referred to in Annex V of this Directive shall not be taken into account in calculations performed under paragraph 1 in respect of the share of overall consumption of biofuels produced from cereal and other starch rich-crops, sugars and oil crops or other types of land-based energy crops until 31 December 2017.
Amendment 296 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3
Article 3
The Commission shall, before 31 December 2017, submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council reviewing, on the basis of the best latest available scientific evidence, the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this Directive in limitingould organize further detailed and transparent research aimed at quantifications of indirect land- use change greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of biofuel and bioliquids. The report shall, if appropriate, be accompanied by a legislative proposal based on the best available scientific evidence, forand report the findings before 1. July 2014. The report should also be accompanied by a legislative proposal to introducinge estimated indirect land use change emissions factors into the appropriate sustainability criteria to be applied from 1st January 2021 and a review of the effectiveness of the incentives provided for biofuels from non- land using feedstocks and non-food crops under Article 3(4)d of Directive 2009/28/ECin Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC by December 31, 2015.
Amendment 301 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – Part C – point 1
Annex IV – Part C – point 1
Amendment 305 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) The following point 19a is inserted: "19a. Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex V."
Amendment 309 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 2
Annex I – point 2
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex V – Part A
Annex V – Part A
Feedstock group Estimated indirect land-use change emissions (gCO2eq/MJ) Cereals and other starch rich crops 12 Sugars 13 Oil crops 55 Other energy crops grown on land 15
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 1
Annex V – part C – point 1
(-a) Point 1 is replaced by the following: "1. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biofuels shall be calculated as: E = eec + el + eiluc + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee where E = total emissions from the use of the fuel; eec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials; el = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by direct land-use change; eiluc= annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by indirect land-use change; ep = emissions from processing; etd = emissions from transport and distribution; eu = emissions from the fuel in use; esca = emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management; eccs = emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage; eccr = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement; and eee = emission savings from excess electricity from cogeneration. Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account."
Amendment 321 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) The following point 19a is inserted: "19a. The following point is added: Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex VIII."
Amendment 328 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 2
Annex II – point 2
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex VIII – Part A
Annex VIII – Part A
Feedstock group Estimated indirect land-use change emissions (gCO2eq/MJ) Cereals and other starch rich crops 12 Sugars 13 Oil crops 55 Other energy crops grown on land 15
Amendment 336 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX (new)
Annex IX (new)
Part A. Feedstocks whose contribution towards the target referred to in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be four times their energy contentich can be included in the sub-target for advanced biofuels (a) Algae. (b) Biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste, but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under Article 11(2)(a) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. (c) Biomass fraction of industrial waste. (d) Straw. (e) Animal manure and sewage sludge. (f) Palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches. (g) Tall oil pitch and crude tall oil. (h) Crude glycerine. (i) Bagasse. (j) Grape marcs and wine lees. (k) Nut shells. (l) Husks. (m) Cobs (n) Bark, branches, leaves, saw dust and cutter shavings Part B. Feedstocks whose contribution towards the target referred to in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy contentPart B. Feedstocks for advanced biofuels which can deliver to the remainder (a) Used cooking oil. (b) Animal fats classified as category I and II in accordance with EC/1774/2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by- products not intended for human consumption12. (c) Non-food cellulosic material. (d) Ligno-cellulosic material except saw logs and veneer logs. (da) Crude glycerine (db) Renewable liquids and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin
Amendment 342 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point c– second sentence
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point c– second sentence
(ia) the second sentence of point (c) is replaced by the following: "Furthermore, for the calculation of electricity from renewable energy sources consumed by electric road vehicles, that consumption shall be considered to be five times the energy content of the input of electricity from renewable energy sources."
Amendment 363 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point ii a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point ii a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point d a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point d a (new)
(iia) the following point (da) is added: "(da) The contribution made by advanced biofuels shall be at least 3% of the final consumption of energy in transport in 2020."
Amendment 407 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 5 – point -a (new)
Article 2 – point 5 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
(-a) in paragraph 1, the introductory part of the first subparagraph is replaced by the following: "1. Irrespective of whether the raw materials were cultivated inside or outside the territory of the Community, energy from biofuels and bioliquids shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) only if they fulfil the sustainability criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 6 and do not exceed contributions set out in Article 3(4)(d):"
Amendment 480 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Investors shall take into account that biofuel production technologies are still under development and further measures to mitigate negative impacts may be adopted at a later stage.
Amendment 486 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – part C – point 1
Annex IV – part C – point 1
Amendment 493 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) the following point is added: "19a. Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex V."
Amendment 501 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 1
Annex V – part C – point 1
Amendment 510 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) the following point is added: "19a. Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex VIII."