Activities of Jens HOLM related to 2008/0013(COD)
Plenary speeches (1)
Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system (debate)
Amendments (35)
Amendment 42 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) The ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was approved on behalf of the European Community by Council Decision 94/69/EC of 15 December 1993 concerning the conclusion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In order to meet that objective, the overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment (IPCC) report shows that, in order to reach that objective, global emissions of greenhouse gases must peak by 2020. Recent scientific findings show that atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide must be reduced to below 350 parts per million, which means a Community greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 60% by 2030. This implies the increasing of efforts by the Community and the quick involvement of developed countries and encouraging the participation of developing countries in the emission reduction process.
Amendment 48 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) In order to contribute to achieving those long- term objectives, it is appropriate to set out a predictable path according to which the emissions of installations covered by the Community scheme should be reduced. To achieve cost-effectively the commitment of the Community to at least a 240% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels, emission allowances allocated in respect of those installations should be 21% below adjusted accordingly with the sectors covered by the Community scheme undertaking two-their 2005ds of the emission levels by 2020reduction effort, with verified emissions in 2005 being the year from which effort is determined.
Amendment 54 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) In order to enhance the certainty and predictability of the Community scheme, provisions should be specified to increase the level of contribution of the Community scheme to achieving an overall reduction of more than 240%, in particular in view of the objective of the European Council for a 30% reduction by 2020 twith a view to reaching what is considered scientifically necessary to avoid dangerous climate change.
Amendment 78 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) The Community-wide quantity of allowances should decrease in a linear manner calculated from the mid-point of the period 2008 to 2012, ensuring that the emissions trading system delivers gradual and predictable reductions of emissions over time. The annual decrease of allowances should be equal to 1.74% of thequantity should decrease by a linear factor compared to the average annual total quantity of allowances issued by Member States pursuant to Commission Decisions on Member States' national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012, so that the Community scheme contributes cost- effectively to achieving the commitment of the Community to an overall reduction in emissions of at least 240% by 2020.
Amendment 82 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) This contribution is equivalent to a reduction of emissions in 2020 in the Community scheme of 2140% below reported 2005 levels1990 levels by 2020, with the sectors covered by the Community scheme undertaking two- thirds of this emission reduction effort and verified emissions in 2005 being the year from which effort is determined, including the effect of the increased scope from the period 2005 to 2007 to the period 2008 to 2012 and the 2005 emission figures for the trading sector used for the assessment of the Bulgarian and Romanian national allocation plan for the period 2008 to 2012, leading to an issue of a maximum of 1 720 million allowances in the year 2020. Exact quantities of emissions will be calculated once Member States have issued allowances pursuant to Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012, as the approval of allocations to some installations was contingent upon their emissions having been substantiated and verified. Once the issue of allowances for the period 2008 to 2012 has taken place, the Commission will publish the Community-wide quantity. Adjustments should be made to the Community-wide quantity in relation to installations which are included in the Community scheme during the period 2008 to 2012 or from 2013 onwards.
Amendment 92 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14a) This Directive should not prevent any Member State from maintaining or establishing other complementary and parallel policies or measures that address the total impact of the sectors covered by the Community scheme.
Amendment 98 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Given the considerable efforts of combating climate change and of adapting to its inevitable effects, it is appropriate that at least 20% of the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances should be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to adapt to the impacts of climate change, to fund research and development for reducing emissions and adaptation, to develop renewable energies to meet the EU’s commitment to using 20% renewable energies by 2020, to meet the commitment of the Community to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2020, for the capture and geological storage of greenhouse gases, to contribute to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund, for measures to avoid deforestation and facilitate adaptation in developing countries, and for addressing social aspects such as possible increases in electricity prices in lower and middle income households. This proportion is significantly below the expected net revenues for public authorities from auctioning, taking into account potentially reduced income from corporate taxes. In addition, proceeds from auctioning of allowances should be used to cover administrative expenses of the management of the Community scheme. Provisions should be included on monitoring the use of funds from auctioning for these purposes. Such notification does not release Member States from the obligation laid down in Article 88(3) of the Treaty, to notify certain national measures. The Directive does not prejudice the outcome of any future State aid procedures that may be undertaken in accordance with Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty.
Amendment 104 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 15 a (new)
Recital 15 a (new)
(15a) To ensure an appropriate balance between actions within the EU to combat climate change and adapt to its effects and those undertaken in third countries, 50% of the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances should be invested within the EU and the remainder in developing countries, so as to take account of their greater vulnerability to climate change, their more limited resources to respond to it and industrialised countries’ historic responsibility for this problem.
Amendment 105 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 15 b (new)
Recital 15 b (new)
(15b) In order to promote an equitable and cost effective distribution of projects in third countries and the dissemination of best practice concerning all activities mentioned in recital 15, mechanisms should be set up to ensure effective information sharing regarding projects undertaken by different Member States.
Amendment 113 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Consequently, full auctioning should be the rule from 2013 onwards for the power sector, taking into account their ability to pass on the increased cost of CO2, and no free allocation should be given for carbon capture and storage as the incentive for this arises from allowances not being required to be surrendered in respect of emissions which are stored. Electricity generators may receive free allowances for heat produced through high efficiency cogeneration as defined by Directive 2004/8/EC in the event that such heat produced by installations in other sectors were to be given free allocations, in order to avoid distortions of competition.
Amendment 133 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 17
Recital 17
Amendment 139 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 18
Recital 18
Amendment 169 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) The Community will continue to take the lead in the negotiation of an ambitious international agreement that will achieve the objective of limiting global temperature increase to 2°C and is encouraged by the progress made in Bali towards this objective. In the event that other developed countries and other major emitters of greenhouse gases do not participate in this international agreement, this could lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in third countries where industry would not be subject to comparable carbon constraints (“carbon leakage”), and at the same time could put certain energy- intensive sectors and sub-sectors in the Community which are subject to international competition at an economic disadvantage. This could undermine the environmental integrity and benefit of actions by the Community. To address the risk of carbon leakage, the Community will allocate allowances free of charge up to 100%take appropriate action with regard to sectors or sub-sectors meeting the relevant criteria. The definition of these sectors and sub-sectors and the measures required will be subject to re-assessment to ensure that action is taken where necessary and to avoid overcompensation. For those specific sectors or sub-sectors where it can be duly substantiated that the risk of carbon leakage cannot be prevented otherwise, where electricity constitutes a high proportion of production costs and is produced efficiently, the action taken may take into account the electricity consumption in the production process, without changing the total quantity of allowances.
Amendment 186 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The Commission should therefore review the situation by June 2011 at the latest, consult with all relevant social partners, and, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations, submit a report accompanied by any appropriate proposals. In this context, the Commission should identify which energy intensive industry sectors or sub-sectors are likely to be subject to carbon leakage not later than 30 June 2010. It should base its analysis on the assessment of the inability to pass on the cost of required allowances in product prices without significant loss of market share to installations outside the Community not taking comparable action to reduce emissions. EFor energy-intensive industries which are determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage could receive a higher amount of free allocation or, an effective carbon equalisation system could be introduced with a view to putting installations from the Community which are at significant risk of carbon leakage and those from third countries on a comparable footing. Such a system could apply requirements to importers that would be no less favourable than those applicable to installations within the EU, for example by requiring the surrender of allowances. Any action taken would need to be in conformity with the principles of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, taking into account the particular situation of Least Developed Countries. It would also need to be in conformity with the international obligations of the Community including the WTO agreement.
Amendment 195 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 22
Recital 22
(22) In order to provide predictability, operators should be given certainty about their potential after 2012 to use CERs and ERUs up toup to 50% of the remainder of the level which they were allowed to use in the period 2008 to 2012, from project types which are Gold Standard certified and were accepted by all Member States in the Community scheme during the period 2008 to 2012. As carry-over by Member States of CERs and ERUs held by operators between commitments periods under international agreements (‘banking’ of CERs and ERUs) cannot take place before 2015, and only if Member States choose to allow the banking of those CERs and ERUs within the context of limited rights to bank such credits, this certainty should be given by requiring Member States to allow operators to exchange such CERs and ERUs issued in respect of emission reductions before 2012 for allowances valid from 2013 onwards. However, as Member States should not be obliged to accept CERs and ERUs which it is not certain they will be able to use towards their existing international commitments, this requirement should not extend beyond 31 December 2014. Operators should be given the same certainty concerning such CERs issued from projects that have been established before 2013 in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards.
Amendment 211 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 33
Recital 33
(33) [As regards the approach to allocation, aviation should be treated as other industries which receive transitional free allocation rather than as electricity generators. This means that 80% of allowances should be allocated for free in 2013, and thereafter the free allocation to aviation should decrease each year by equal amounts resulting in no free allocation in 2020electricity generators. The Community and its Member States should continue to seek to reach an agreement on global measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation and review the situation of this sector as part of the next review of the Community scheme.]
Amendment 263 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 2 a (new)
Article 1 – point 2 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 c – paragraph 2
Article 3 c – paragraph 2
Amendment 266 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 2 b (new)
Article 1 – point 2 b (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 d – paragraph 2
Article 3 d – paragraph 2
(2b) Article 3d(2) is replaced by the following: "2. From 1 January 2013, as regards auctioning aviation shall be treated in an identical manner to electricity generators."
Amendment 272 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 5
Article 1 – point 5
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 9
Article 9
The Community-wide quantity of allowances issued each year starting in 2013 shall decrease in a linear manner beginning from the mid-point of the period 2008 to 2012. The quantity shall decrease by a linear factor of 1.74% compared to the average annual total quantity of allowances issued by Member States in accordance with the Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012. The linear factor shall correspond to meeting a Community wide greenhouse gas emission reduction target of a minimum of 40% below 1990 by 2020, with the sectors covered by the Community scheme undertaking two- thirds of this emission reduction effort, Verified emissions in 2005 shall be the year from which effort is determined. The Commission shall publish the linear factor by 30 June 2010. The Commission shall, by 30 June 2010, publish the absolute quantity of allowances for 2013, based on the total quantities of allowances issued by the Member States in accordance with the Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012. The Commission shall review the linear factor no later than 202515 in order to ensure that the EU is acting in conformity with sustainable emission levels according to latest scientific findings.
Amendment 296 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 1
Article 10 - paragraph 1
1. From 2013 onwards, Member States shall auction all allowances which are not allocated free of charge in accordance with Article 10a.
Amendment 318 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 3 - introduction
Article 10 - paragraph 3 - introduction
3. At least 20% of tThe revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances referred to in paragraph 2, including all revenues from the auctioning referred to in point (b) thereof, should shall be used for the following:
Amendment 345 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 10 - paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. The allocation of funds for the purposes listed in paragraph 3 should ensure a broad balance between spending within the Union and spending in developing countries.
Amendment 350 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 4
Article 10 - paragraph 4
4. Member States shall include information on the use of revenues for each of these purposes and the geographical distribution of the use of revenues in their reports submitted under Decision No 280/2004/EC.
Amendment 360 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 5
Article 10 - paragraph 5
5. By 31 December 2010, the Commission shall adopt a Regulation on timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning to ensure that it is conducted in an open, transparent and non- discriminatory manner that minimises the scope for speculation. Auctions shall be designed to ensure that operators, and in particular any small and medium size enterprises covered by the Community scheme, have full access and any other participants do not undermine the operation of the auction. That measure, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article [23(3)].
Amendment 363 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 8
Article 1 – point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10a
Article 10a
Amendment 593 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 8
Article 1 - point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10b - introduction
Article 10b - introduction
Amendment 603 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 8
Article 1 - point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10b - indent 1
Article 10b - indent 1
Amendment 604 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 8
Article 1 - point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10b - indent 2
Article 10b - indent 2
– inclusion in the Community scheme of importers of products produced by the sectors or sub-sectors determined in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article 10a.
Amendment 605 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 8
Article 1 - point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10b - indent 2 a (new)
Article 10b - indent 2 a (new)
– imposing a border tax adjustment to offset the effective subsidy being received by firms manufacturing in developed countries that are outside the UNFCCC.
Amendment 615 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 9
Article 1 - point 9
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 11 - paragraph 1
Article 11 - paragraph 1
1. Each Member State shall publish and submit to the Commission, by 30 September 2011, the list of installations covered by this Directive in its territory and any free allocation to each installation in its territory calculated in accordance with the rules referred to in Article 10a(1).
Amendment 620 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 9
Article 1 - point 9
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 11 - paragraph 2
Article 11 - paragraph 2
2. By 28 February of each year, the competent authorities shall issue the quantity of allowances that are to be distributed for that year, calculated in accordance with Articles 10 and 10a. An installation which ceases to operate shall receive no further free allowances.
Amendment 625 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 9
Article 1 - point 9
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 11a
Article 11a
Use of CERs and only Gold Standard certified CERUs from project activities in the Community scheme before the entry into force of a future international agreement on climate changein case no future international agreement on climate change comes into force before the end of 2012 Wherever referred to in this Directive, CERs shall only be allowed if they apply the methodologies and standards consistent with those developed by the Gold Standard Foundation. 2. Operators may request the competent authority, to the extent that the levels of CER/ERU use allowed to them by Member States for the period 2008 to 2012 have not been used up, to issue allowances to them valid from 2013 onwards in exchange for CERs and only Gold Standard certified CERUs issued in respect of emission reductions up until 2012 from project types which were accepted by all Member States in the Community scheme during the period 2008 to 2012. The amount of allowances issued, including allowances issued under paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, may not exceed 50% of the volume of the external credits as referred to above that have not been used up. Until 31 December 2014, the competent authority shall make such an exchange on request. 3. To the extent that the levels of CER/ERU use allowed to operators by Member States for the period 2008 to 2012 have not been used up, competent authorities shall allow operators to exchange only Gold Standard certified CERs from projects that were established before 2013 issued in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards for allowances valid from 2013 onwards. The amount of allowances issued, including allowances issued under paragraphs 2, 4 and 5, may not exceed 50% of the volume of the external credits as referred to above that have not been used up. The first subparagraph shall apply for all Gold Standard certified project types which were accepted by all Member States in the Community scheme during the period 2008 to 2012. 4. To the extent that the levels of CER/ERU use allowed to operators by Member States for the period 2008 to 2012 have not been used up, competent authorities shall allow operators to exchange only Gold Standard certified CERs issued in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards for allowances from new projects started from 2013 onwards in Least Developed Countries. The first subparagraph shall apply to CERs for all project types which were accepted by all Member States in the Community scheme during the period 2008 to 2012, until those countries have ratified an agreement with the Community or until 2020, whichever is the earlier. The amount of allowances issued, including allowances issued under paragraphs 2, 3 and 5, may not exceed 50% of the volume of the external credits as referred to above that have not been used up. 5. To the extent that the levels of CER/ERU use allowed to operators by Member States for the period 2008 to 2012 have not been used up and in the event that the conclusion of an international agreement on climate change is delayed, credits from projects or other emission reducing activities may be used in the Community scheme in accordance with agreements concluded with third countries, specifying levels of use. In accordance with such agreements, operators shall be able to use credits from project activities in those third countries, as long as they are Gold Standard certified, to comply with their obligations under the Community scheme. The amount of allowances issued, including allowances issued under paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, may not exceed 50% of the external credits as referred to above that have not been used up. 6. Any agreements referred to in paragraph 5 shall provide for the use of Gold Standard certified credits in the Community scheme from renewable energy or energy efficiency technologies which promote technological transfer, sustainable development. Any such agreement may also provide for the use of credits from projects where the baseline used is below the level of free allocation under the measures referred to in Article 10a or below the levels required by Community legislation. 7. Once an international agreement on climate change has been reached, only Gold Standard certified CERs from third countries which have ratified that agreement shall be accepted in the Community scheme." , up to 10% of the additional reduction effort taking place in accordance with Articles 9 and 28.
Amendment 677 #
Proposal for a regulation – amending act
Article 1 - point 10 a (new)
Article 1 - point 10 a (new)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 12 - paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 12 - paragraph 2 a (new)
In Article 12 the following paragraph 2a is inserted: "2a. In the event that Community measures to incentivise the reduction of releases of nitrogen oxides from aircraft carrying out an aviation activity listed in Annex I, which avoid perverse technological trade-offs between CO2 and NOx emission reductions and ensure equivalent climate protection, are not in place by 1 January 2012, the amount of carbon dioxide which an allowance (other than an aviation emissions allowance) or a CER or ERU permits an aircraft operator to emit shall be divided by an impact factor of 2. The Commission shall vary the impact factor if appropriate based on scientific evidence, acting in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article [23(3)].”
Amendment 695 #
Proposal for a regulation – amending act
Article 1 - point 19
Article 1 - point 19
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 24 a
Article 24 a
Amendment 740 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 21
Article 1 - point 21
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 28 - paragraphs 1 to 3
Article 28 - paragraphs 1 to 3
1. Upon the conclusion by the Community of an international agreement on climate change leading, by 2020, to mandatory reductions of greenhouse gas emissions exceeding the minimum reduction levels agreed upon by the European Councilunder Article 9, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article shall apply. 2. From the year following the conclusion of the international agreement referred to in paragraph 1, the linear factor shall increase so that the Community quantity of allowances in 2020 is lower than that established pursuant to Article 9, by a quantity of allowances equivalent to the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the Community below 240% to which the international agreement commits the Community, multiplied by the share of overall greenhouse gas emission reductions in 2020 which the Community scheme is contributing pursuant to Articles 9 and 9a. 3. Operators may use CERs, ERUs or other credits approved in accordance with paragraph 4 from third countries which have concluded the international agreement, up to half10% of the reduction taking place in accordance with paragraph 2.