19 Amendments of Anders WIJKMAN related to 2008/0013(COD)
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) The ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was approved on behalf of the European Community by Council Decision 94/69/EC of 15 December 1993 concerning the conclusion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In order to meet that objective, the overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment (IPCC) report shows that, in order to reach that objective, global emissions of greenhouse gases must peak by 2020. Recent scientific findings show that atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide must be reduced to below 350 parts per million, which would imply a greenhouse gas emission reduction in the order of 60% by 2035. This implies the increasing of efforts by the Community and the quick involvement of developed countries and encouraging the participation of developing countries in the emission reduction process.
Amendment 79 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) The Community-wide quantity of allowances should decrease in a linear manner calculated from the mid-point of the period 2008 to 2012, ensuring that the emissions trading system delivers gradual and predictable reductions of emissions over time. The annual decrease of allowances should be equal to 1.74% of the allowances issued by Member States pursuant to Commission Decisions on Member States' national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012, so that the Community scheme should contributes cost- effectively to achieving the commitment of the Community to an overall reduction in emissions of at least 230% by 2020. The linear factor corresponding to this decrease should be presented by the Commission in 2010.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Given the considerable efforts of combating climate change and of adapting to its inevitable effects, it is appropriate that at least 250% of the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances should be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to adapt to the impacts of climate change, to fund research and development for reducing emissions and adaptation, to develop renewable energies to meet the EU’s commitment to using 20% renewable energies by 2020, to meet the commitment of the Community to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2020, for the capture and geological storage of greenhouse gases, to contribute to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund20, for measures to avoid deforestation and facilitate adaptation in developing countries, and for addressing social aspects such as possible increases in electricity prices in lower and middle income households. This proportion is significantly below the expected net revenues for public authorities from auctioning, taking into account potentially reduced income from corporate taxes. In addition, proceeds from auctioning of allowances should be used to cover administrative expenses of the management of the Community scheme. Provisions should be included on monitoring the use of funds from auctioning for these purposes. Such notification does not release Member States from the obligation laid down in Article 88(3) of the Treaty, to notify certain national measures. The Directive does not prejudice the outcome of any future State aid procedures that may be undertaken in accordance with Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty.
Amendment 107 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 15 a (new)
Recital 15 a (new)
Amendment 119 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Consequently, full auctioning should be the rule from 2013 onwards for the power sector, taking into account their ability to pass on the increased cost of CO2 and other sectors that can pass on the increased cost of CO2, such as aviation and mineral oil refineries, and no free allocation should be given for carbon capture and storage as the incentive for this arises from allowances not being required to be surrendered in respect of emissions which are stored. Electricity generators may receive free allowances for heat produced through high efficiency cogeneration as defined by Directive 2004/8/EC in the event that such heat produced by installations in other sectors were to be given free allocations, in order to avoid distortions of competition.
Amendment 163 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) The Community will continue to take the lead in the negotiation of an ambitious international agreement that will achieve the objective of limiting global temperature increase to 2°C and is encouraged by the progress made in Bali towards this objectivas Annex I countries under the Kyoto Protocol signed up to greenhouse gas emission reductions in the range of 25-40% by 2020 compared to 1990. To maintain the lead in the group of Annex I countries, the EU will need to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the upper end of this range. In the event that other developed countries and other major emitters of greenhouse gases do not participate in this international agreement, this could lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from less carbon efficient installations in third countries where industry would not be subject to comparable carbon constraints (“carbon leakage”), and at the same time could put certain energy- intensive sectors and sub- sectors in the Community which are subject to international competition at an economic disadvantage. This could undermine the environmental integrity and benefit of actions by the Community. To address the risk of carbon leakage, the Commission should support the setting up of global sectoral agreements and, where such agreements do not prove possible, the Community will allocate allowances free of charge up to 100% to sub-sectors or sub-sectorinstallations meeting the relevant criteria. The definition of these sub-sectors and sub-sectorinstallations and the measures required will be subject to re-assessment to ensure that action is taken where necessary and to avoid overcompensation. For those specific sub-sectors or sub-sectorand installations where it can be duly substantiated that the risk of carbon leakage cannot be prevented otherwise, where electricity constitutes a high proportion of production costs and is produced efficiently, the action taken may take into account the electricity consumption in the production process, without changing the total quantity of allowances.
Amendment 178 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The Commission should therefore review the situation by June 20110 at the latest, consult with all relevant social partners, and, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations, submit a report accompanied by any appropriate proposals. In this context, the Commission should at the same time identify which energy intensive industry sub-sectors or sub-sectorand installations are likely to be subject to carbon leakage not later than 30 June 2010. It should base its analysis on the assessment of the inability to pass on the increased cost of required allowances in product prices due only to the provisions in this Directive without significant loss of market share to installations outside the Community not taking comparable action to reduce emissions. Energy-intensive industries which are determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage could receive a higher amount of free allocation or an effective carbon equalisation system could be introduced with a view to putting installations from the Community which are at significant risk of carbon leakage and those from third countries on a comparable footing. Such a system could apply requirements to importers that would be no less favourable than those applicable to installations within the EU, for example by requiring the surrender of allowances. Any action taken would need to be in conformity with the principles of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, taking into account the particular situation of Least Developed Countries. It would also need to be in conformity with the international obligations of the Community including the WTO agreement.
Amendment 210 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 33
Recital 33
(33) [As regards the approach to allocation, aviation should be treated as other industries which receive transitional free allocation rather than as electricity generators. This means that 80% of allowances should be allocated for free in 2013, and thereafter the free allocation to aviation should decrease each year by equal amounts resulting in no free allocation in 2020and mineral oil refineries should be subject to full auctioning of allowances. The Community and its Member States should continue to seek to reach an agreement on global measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation and review the situation of this sector as part of the next review of the Community scheme.]
Amendment 255 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 2 – point (c)
Article 1 – point 2 – point (c)
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 3 – point [(v)] (new)
Article 3 – point [(v)] (new)
[(v)] 'carbon leakage' means the relocation of production to installations with a higher net CO2 intensity outside the borders of the EU directly related to the increasing costs of production due to the implementation of this Directive;
Amendment 276 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 5
Article 1 – point 5
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 9 – paragraph 1
Article 9 – paragraph 1
The Community-wide quantity of allowances issued each year starting in 2013 shall decrease in a linear manner beginning from the mid-point of the period 2008 to 2012. The quantity shall decrease by a linear factor of 1.74% compared to the average annual total quantity of allowances issued by Member States in accordance with the Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period 2008 to 2012. The linear factor shall correspond to meeting a Community wide greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 30 % below 1990 by 2020, with the sectors covered by the Community scheme undertaking two-thirds of this emission reduction effort. Verified emissions in 2005 shall be the year from which effort is determined. The Commission shall publish the linear factor by 30 June 2010.
Amendment 312 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - Point 7
Article 1 - Point 7
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10 - paragraph 3
Article 10 - paragraph 3
3. At least 250% of the revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances referred to in paragraph 2, including all revenues from the auctioning referred to in point (b) thereof, should be used for the following: (a) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, includ shall be transferred by Member States to a fund established at Community or international level for the following: (a) one quarter for capacity-building in developing by countributing to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund, to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to fund research and development for reducing emisses that have ratified the future international agreement, to provide the basis for credible and market-based avoided deforestations and adapting, including participation in initiatives within the framework of European Strategic Energy Technology Plan; (b) to develop renewable energies to meet the commitment of the Community to using 20% renewable energies by 2020, and to meet the commitment of the Community to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2020; (c) forfforestation and reforestation projects and activities in these countries, taking into account: - the rights and needs of indigenous peoples; - the preservation of biodiversity; and - the sustainable use of forest resources; (b) one quarter to reduce emissions in developing countries that have ratified the future international agreement, and to transfer technology to those capture and geological storage of greenhouse gases, in particular from coal power stations; (d) for measures to avoid deforestation, in particular in Least Developed Countries; (e) to facilitate developing countries'ountries, e.g. through supporting and financing development and deployment of carbon capture and storage and through the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund; and (c) one half to facilitate adaptation to the impaadverse effects of climate change; (f) to address social aspects in lower and middle income households, for example by increasing their energy efficiency and insulation; and (g) to cover administrative expenses of the management of the Community schem in developing countries that have ratified the future international agreement on climate change, including through contributions to the Global Climate Change Alliance.
Amendment 368 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 8
Article 1 – point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 1
Article 10a – paragraph 1
1. The Commission shall, by 30 June1 December 20110, adopt Community wide and fully- harmonised implementing measures for allocating the allowances referred to in paragraphs 2 to 6 and 8 in a harmonised manner. Those measures, designed to amend non- essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article [23(3)]. The measures referred to in the first subparagraph shall, to the extent feasible, ensure that allocation takes place in a manner that establish harmonised benchmarks for greenhouse gas and energy efficiency for installations in each sector receiving free allocations. These sectoral benchmarks shall be based on the best greenhouse gas and energy efficient techniques and technologives incentives for greenhouse gas and energy efficient techniques and for reductions in emissions, by taking account of the most efficient techniques, substitutes, alternative production processes, use of biomass and greenhouse gas capture and storage, and shall not give incentives to increase emissionsavailable on the market, including substitutes, alternative production processes, use of biomass, cogeneration and greenhouse gas capture, use and storage. For each sector, the benchmark shall be calculated preferably on the final product, not just on the inputs, so as to maximise greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency savings throughout the production process of the sector concerned. Free allocations to installations shall be made at a level no higher than is indicated by the appropriate sectoral benchmark, so as to reward the most energy and emissions efficient operators. None of the measures referred to in the first subparagraph shall give incentives to increase the overall level of emissions for the sector concerned. Those measures may also take into account emissions related to the use of combustible waste gases from blast oxygen furnaces when the production of these waste gases cannot be avoided in the blast furnace production process for steel; in this respect the measures may provide for allowances to be allocated for free to the blast furnaces where these gases originate. No free allocation shall be made in respect of any net sale of electricity production to third parties. The Commission shall, upon the conclusion by the Community of an international agreement on climate change leading to mandatory reductions of greenhouse gas emissions comparable to those of the Community, review those measures to provide that free allocation only takes place where this is fully justified in the light of that agreement.
Amendment 433 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 8
Article 1 – point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 2
Article 10a – paragraph 2
2. Subject to paragraph 3, no free allocation shall be given to electricity generators, mineral oil refineries, aviation or to installations for the capture, pipelines for the transport or to storage sites for greenhouse gas emissions.
Amendment 439 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 – point 8
Article 1 – point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 10a – paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Free allocation shall be given to installations for the combined capture and storage of greenhouse gas emissions originating from biomass.
Amendment 592 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 8
Article 1 - point 8
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 10b - paragraph 1
Article 10b - paragraph 1
Not later than June 2011, the Commission shall, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations and the extent to which these lead to global greenhouse gas emission reductions, and after consulting with all relevant social partners, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council an analytical report assessing the situation with regard to energy-intensive sub-sectors or sub-sectorand installations that have been determined to be exposed to significant risks of carbon leakage. This shall be accompanied by any appropriate proposals, which may include: – adjusting the proportion of allowances received free of charge by those sub- sectors or sub-sectorand installations under Article 10a; – inclusion in the Community scheme of importers of products produced by the sub- sectors or sub-sectorand installations determined in accordance with Article 10a.
Amendment 667 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 9
Article 1 - point 9
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 11a - paragraph 7
Article 11a - paragraph 7
7. Once an international agreement on climate change has been reached, only CERs from third countries which have ratifiedFrom 2013, only credits from third countries which have ratified the future international agreement on climate change and that are in accordance with that agreement shall be accepted in the Community scheme.
Amendment 670 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 9
Article 1 - point 9
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 11a - paragraph 7 a (new)
Article 11a - paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. The Commission shall endeavour to ensure that any agreement referred to in paragraph 5 and the international agreement referred to in paragraph 7 includes a crediting system for afforestation, reforestation, reduced emissions from deforestation and other sustainable forestry projects and activities.
Amendment 769 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 21
Article 1 - point 21
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 28 - paragraph 4 - subparagraph 1 a (new)
Article 28 - paragraph 4 - subparagraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 774 #
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Article 1 - point 21
Article 1 - point 21
Directive 2003/87/EC
Article 28 - paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 28 - paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Upon the conclusion by the Community of a comprehensive international agreement on climate change, all allowances shall be auctioned and Articles 10a and 10b shall not be applied.