Activities of Claude TURMES related to 2008/0016(COD)
Plenary speeches (2)
Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (debate)
Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (debate)
Reports (1)
REPORT Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources PDF (1 MB) DOC (2 MB)
Amendments (140)
Amendment 75 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) The Renewable Energy Roadmap demonstrated that at least a 20% target for the overall share of energy from renewable sources and a 10% target for renewable energy in transport would be appropriate andwould be achievable as objectives, and that a framework that includes mandatory targets should provide the business community with the long term stability it needs to make rational investment decisions in the renewable energy sectorwards a renewable energies based economy.
Amendment 79 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
Amendment 84 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In the light of the positions taken by the Commission, the Council and the European Parliament, it is appropriate to establish mandatory targets for an overall 20% share of renewable energy and a 1minimum interim and overall 20% share of renewable energy in transport in the European Union's final consumption in 2020.
Amendment 89 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) By contrast, it is appropriate for the 10% target for renewable energy in transport to be set at the same level for each Member State in order to ensure consistency in transport fuel specifications and availability. Because transport fuels are traded easily, Member States with low endowments of the relevant resources will easily be able to obtain renewable transport fuels from elsewhere. While it would technically be possible for the Community to meet its biofuel target solely from domestic production, it is both likely and desirable that the targetWhile it is likely that the renewable energy targets will in fact be met through a combination of domestic production and imports. ToIn this endcontext, the Commission should monitor the supply of the Community market for biofuels, and should, as appropriate, propose relevant measures to achieve a balanced approach between domestic production and importsrenewable energies, including biomass for energy, taking into account the development of multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations as well as environmental, social, cost, energy security and other considerations.
Amendment 104 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 38
Recital 38
(38) In order to prevent unnecessary burdensome research by economic operators and in order to prevent conversion of high-carbon-stock land that in hindsight would prove to be not eligible for producing raw materials for biofuels and other bioliquids, those types of land whose carbon stock loss upon conversion could not, within a reasonable period taking into account the urgency of tackling climate change, be compensated by the greenhouse gas savings of producing biofuels and other bioliquids, should not be converted for the production of biofuels and other bioliquidcompetition for food and feed and taking into account the urgency of tackling climate change and the possible significant negative greenhouse gas impacts of indirect land use change, land used for food or feed production , should not be converted for the production of transport fuels. Transport fuels from biomass should be limited to production from idle, marginal or degraded land without high biodiversity value where the direct land use conversion results in a net carbon benefit and there are no significant negative local environmental or other impacts. Inventories of worldwide carbon stocks lead to the conclusion that wetlands and continuously forested areas should be inexcluded in this categorfrom biomass production for energy.
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 48
Recital 48
Amendment 114 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 57
Recital 57
(57) Since the general objectives of achieving a 20% share of renewable energies in the Community's overall energy consumption and a 10% share of biofuels in each Member State's transport petrol and diesel consumption by 2020 cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale of the action, be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
Amendment 120 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
Recital 2
Amendment 120 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1
Article 1
This Directive establishes a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources. It sets mandatory EU and national targets for the overall share of energy from renewable sources in energy consumption and for the share of energy from renewable sources in transport. It lays down rules relating to guarantees of origin, administrative procedures and electricity grid connections in relation to energy from renewable sources. It establishes environmental sustainability criteria for biofuels and other bioliquidenergy from biomass.
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (b)
Article 2 – point (b)
(b) "biomass" means the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances) and aquaculture, forestry and related industries, as well as the separated collected biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste;
Amendment 131 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (e)
Article 2 – point (e)
(e) "bioliquids" meansmass for energy" means solid, gaseous or liquid fuel for energy purposes produced from biomass;
Amendment 132 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (f)
Article 2 – point (f)
(f) "biofueltransport fuels from biomass" means liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass;
Amendment 133 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (f a) (new)
Article 2 – point (f a) (new)
(fa) "wetland" means land that is covered with or saturated by water permanently or for a significant part of the year;
Amendment 134 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (f b) (new)
Article 2 – point (f b) (new)
(fb) “idle, degraded, or marginal land” land that is not, and has not been, forest or wetland since 1990, that is not of High Conservation Value or in direct proximity of such land, or inside valuable nature or government protected areas, and that has not been used for agricultural purposes for at least 10 years;
Amendment 135 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point (f c) (new)
Article 2 – point (f c) (new)
(fc) "agro-fuels" are fuels from biomass which are grown on arable land and which compete for the arable land with production for food or feed;
Amendment 136 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
Amendment 142 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 3
Article 3 – paragraph 3
Amendment 164 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) To ensure that the overall targets are achieved, Member States should work towards an indicative trajectory tracing a pathcomply with mandatory interim targets towards the achievement of their 2020 targets, and should establish a national renewable energy action plan (RAP) including sectoral targets, while having in mind that there are different uses of biomass and therefore it is essential to mobilise new biomass resources.
Amendment 169 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 a (new)
Article 10 a (new)
Amendment 172 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) To permit the benefits of technological advance and economies of scale to be reaped, the indicative trajectorymandatory interim targets should take into account the possibility of a more rapid growth in the use of energy from renewable sources in later years. In this way, special attention can be given to sectors that disproportionately suffer from the absence of technological advance and economies of scale and therefore remain under- developed, but which in future could significantly contribute to reaching the targets for 2020.
Amendment 175 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12 a (new)
Recital 12 a (new)
(12a) To ensure that the Member States comply with the objectives pursued by this Directive, and particularly with the mandatory interim and final targets, as well as the overall EC target of 20% by 2020, and also to provide incentives for Member States to go beyond those targets, this Directive should introduce a direct penalty mechanism. Penalties should be imposed by the European Commission against Member States which fail to meet their targets. The revenue from such penalties should be used to finance a specific fund (assigned revenue), in accordance with Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 of 25 June 2002 on the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities1. _____________________________ 1 OJ L 248, 16.9.2002, p. 1.
Amendment 178 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12 b (new)
Recital 12 b (new)
(12b) Concerning the establishment of a penalty mechanism, the European Commission should be empowered to adopt the necessary implementing measures. These measures should be adopted by the end of 2010 at the latest; they should specify the methods of calculation and collection of penalties and set out detailed provisions for the administrative handling of the penalties and the establishment of the fund, where the relevant revenues should be allocated, as well as the management and use of the fund to support renewable energy projects in Member States which have exceeded their targets, and generally to enhance and strengthen the research, production and use of renewable energies and increased energy efficiency in the European Union. Since those measures are of general scope and are designed to amend non-essential elements of the Directive by supplementing it with new non-essential elements, they must be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in Article 5a of Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission1. The Commission should also be empowered to amend the monitoring and reporting requirements in light of the experience drawn from the application of the Directive. 1 OJ L 184 , 17/07/1999 P. 0023 - 0026.
Amendment 180 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12 c (new)
Recital 12 c (new)
(12c) The penalty should be calculated on the basis of the Member State's shortfall of MWh of renewable energy compared with its mandatory interim target, and should be set at an appropriate level to provide a strong incentive for Member States to invest in renewable energy, with a view to complying with, and even exceeding, national targets.
Amendment 184 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13 a (new)
Recital 13 a (new)
(13a) It is necessary to set unambiguous definitions of renewable energy sources. Only those covered specifically by the precise category of renewable energies in Eurostat and the IPCC should be considered by this Directive.
Amendment 186 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13 b (new)
Recital 13 b (new)
(13b) Peat should not be considered as a renewable energy.
Amendment 186 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 1 – point (aa) (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 1 – point (aa) (new)
(aa) measuring compliance of transport fuels with the requirements of the Fuel Quality Directive;
Amendment 187 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
2. The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels and other bioliquidenergy from biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be at least 35calculated on the basis of Article 17(1) and shall be at least 60%.
Amendment 188 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) In calculating the contribution of hydropower and wind power, the effects of climatic variation should be smoothed through the use of a normalisation rule.
Amendment 192 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Amendment 198 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Transport fuels from biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be limited to fuels produced from (a) waste or residues, including biogas, (b) feedstock grown on idle, degraded or marginal land with a net carbon benefit regarding land use emissions over 10 years; (c) fuel from feedstock which does not result in direct or indirect land use change emissions.
Amendment 199 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Heat pumps using geothermal resources from the ground or water, and heat pumps using ambient heat from the air to transfer the thermal energy to a useful temperature level, need electricity to function. Heat pumps using ambient heat from the air often require the use of significant amounts of conventional energy. Therefore, only useful thermal energy coming from heat pumps using ambient heat from the air that meet the minimum requirements of the coefficient of performance established in Commission Decision 2007/742/EC, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1980/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 July 2000 on a revised Community eco-label award scheme,geothermal energy from the ground and water should be taken into account for the purpose of measuring compliance with the targets established by this Directive.
Amendment 200 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
3. Biofuels and other bioliquidmass for energy other than transport fuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land with recognised high biodiversity value, that is to say unless consisting of legal and regulated waste streams or wood residues arising from legitimate conservation management practices. This includes land that had one of the following statuses in or after January 20081990, whether or not the land still has this status:
Amendment 203 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point -a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point -a (new)
(-a) High Conservation Value land
Amendment 205 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point a
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point a
(a) forest undisturbed by significant human activity, that is to say, forest where there has been no known significant human intervention or where the last significant human intervention was sufficiently long ago to have allowed the natural species composition and processes to have become re-established; unless evidence is provided that any human intervention has been and will continue to be of an intensity and periodicity which allows the natural species composition and processes to be retained;
Amendment 206 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point b
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point b
(b) areas designated for nature protection purposes, including those designated for the protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species recognised by international agreements, unless evidence is provided that the production of that raw material did not interfere with those purposes;
Amendment 207 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point c
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – point c
(c) highly biodiverse grassland, that is to say grassland that is species-rich, not fertilisedmaintains the natural species composition and ecological characteristics and processes and is not degradfertilised.
Amendment 208 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2
The Commission shall establish the criteria and geographic ranges to determine which grasslandareas shall be covered by points (-a) to (c). Such a measure designed to amend non- essential elements of this Directive shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 21(3).
Amendment 209 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
4. Biofuels and other bioliquidmass for energy other than for transport fuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land with high carbon stock, that is to say land that had one of the following statuses in January 20081990 and no longer has this status:
Amendment 213 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) To create opportunities for reducing the cost of achieving the targets laid down in this Directive, in addition to the national effort required it is appropriate both to facilitate the consumption in Member States of energy produced from renewable sources in other Member States, and also to enable Member States to count electricity, heating and cooling consumed in other Member States towards their own national targets. For this reason, harmonised provisions for the design and transfer of guarantees of origin in these sectors should be adopted.
Amendment 213 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – point a
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – point a
(a) wetlands, that is to say land that is covered with or saturated by water permanently or for a significant part of the year, including pristine peatland;(aa) peatlands,
Amendment 216 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – point b
Article 15 – paragraph 4 – point b
(b) continuously forested areas, that is to say land spanning more than 10.5 hectare with trees higher than 5 metres and a canopy cover of more than 310%, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; (ba) Savannah and scrubland, that is to say areas of mixed tree, shrub and grassland that hold high carbon stock; (bb) Permanent grassland, that is to say rangelands and pasture land which have been under grassland vegetation and pasture use for at least 20 years.
Amendment 217 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 –subparagraph 2
Article 15 – paragraph 4 –subparagraph 2
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Amendment 221 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 5
Article 15 – paragraph 5
Amendment 222 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21
Recital 21
(21) Member States should be able to establish systems of prior authorisation for the transfer of guarantees of origintransfer accounting certificates to or from other Member States if they need to do so to ensure a secure and balanced energy supply, to achieve the environmental objectives that underlie their support scheme, or to comply with the targets laid down in this Directive. Such systems should be limited to what is necessary and proportionate and should not constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination.
Amendment 225 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 22
Recital 22
Amendment 225 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 6
Article 15 – paragraph 6
Amendment 227 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 7
Article 15 – paragraph 7
Amendment 229 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 23
Recital 23
(23) To avoid interference with support schemes granted to existing installations and to avoid overcompensation of renewable energy producers, only guarantees of origintransfer accounting certificates issued to installations that were commissioned after the date of entry into force of this Directive, or for production due to an increase, after that date, in the renewable energy capacity of an installation, should be transferable between Member States.
Amendment 229 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 - paragraph 7 a (new)
Article 15 - paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Energy from biomass shall not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 unless effective measures have been taken to prevent: (a) deterioration of surface and groundwater quality by inputs of pollutants and excessive amounts of nutrients; (b) excessive water consumption in areas where water is scarce; (c) air pollution; (d) deterioration of soil quality In the production of raw materials for biomass for compliance under paragraph 1, both in the community and in third countries, no genetically modified plants and products thereof shall be used.
Amendment 232 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Amendment 234 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26
Recital 26
(26) At national and regional level, rules and obligations for minimum requirements of renewable energy use in new and refurbished buildings have led to considerable increases in renewable energy use. These measures should be encouraged in a wider European context, while promoting more energy-efficient renewable energy applications in building codes and regulationbuildings.
Amendment 234 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4
Article 16 – paragraph 4
4. The Commission may decide that bilateral and multilateral agreements between the Community and third countries demonstrate that biofuels and other bioliquids produced from raw materials cultivated in those countries comply with the environmental sustainability criteria in paragraphs 3 or 4 of Article 15. The Commission may decidshall encourage that voluntary national or international schemes setting standards for the production of biomass products contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 15(2) or demonstrate that consignments of biofuelmass for energy comply with the environmental sustainability criteria in paragraphs 3 or 4 of Article 15. The Commission may decide that national, multinational or international schemes to measure greenhouse gas savings contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 15(2 under regulatory procedure with scrutiny refereed to in Article 21 (3).
Amendment 238 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 6
Article 16 – paragraph 6
6. Decisions pursuant to paragraph 4 shall be adopted in accordance with the procedureregulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 21(23). Such decisions shall be valid for a period of no more than 5 years and can be revoked at the initiative of the Commission, the Committee provided for in Art 21 (2) or the European Parliament at any time when there is significant concern over a scheme’s reliability.
Amendment 244 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – point a
Amendment 251 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 2
Article 17 – paragraph 2
2. By 31 MarchDecember 20109 at the latest, Member States shall submit to the Commission a report including a list of those entities of their territory classified as NUTS 2 level in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council1 where the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials can be expected to be lower than or equal to the emissions reported under the heading "cultivation" in part D of Annex VII to this Directivelist of idle, degraded or marginal land where energy crop production could produce a net carbon benefit, accompanied by a description of the method and data used to establish that list. The method shall take into account soil characteristics, climate and expected raw material yields. ___________OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1.
Amendment 252 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 a (new)
Recital 30 a (new)
(30a) The administration responsible for supervising authorisation, certification and licensing renewable energy plants should be objective, transparent, non- discriminatory and proportionate when ruling specific projects. Any abuse or artificially created burden for renewables like the classification of renewable energy projects under the installations which represent a high health risk should therefore be rejected.
Amendment 252 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
3. The default values in Part A of Annex VII for biofuels, and the disaggregated default values for cultivation in Part D of Annex VII for biofuels and other bioliquids, shalltransport and liquid fuels from biomass may apply only when their raw materials are cultivated:
Amendment 253 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 31
Recital 31
Amendment 253 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Emissions caused by indirect land use change shall be added to all transport fuels from biomass where direct land use change does not apply, unless the production is based upon raw materials that do not require the use of arable, pasture or permanent crop land, including waste.
Amendment 255 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point a
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point a
(a) where the contribution of a factor to overall emissions is smallless than 5%, or where there is limited variation, or where the cost or difficulty of establishing actual values is highpractically no variation, default values shall be typical of normal production processes;
Amendment 256 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 34
Recital 34
(34) Biofuelmass production for energy should be environmentally and socially sustainable. Biofuelsmass for energy used for compliance with the targets laid down in this Directive, and those that benefit from national support systems, should therefore be required to fulfil criteria for environmental and social sustainability.
Amendment 256 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point b
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point b
(b) in all other cases default values shall be conservative compared to normalrepresent the 90% percentile of values for production processes.
Amendment 262 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 36
Recital 36
(36) The Brussels European Council of March 2007 invited the Commission to propose a comprehensive Directive on the use of all renewable energy sources, which could contain criteria and provisions to ensure sustainable provision and use of bioenergy. These criteria should form a coherent part of a wider scheme covering also bioliquids and not biofuels aloneall biomass for energy. Such sustainability criteria should therefore be included in this Directive. In order to avoid the additional costs to business and the environmental incoherence that would be associated with an inconsistent approach, it is essential for sustainability criteria in respect of biofueltransport fuels from biomass to be aligned between this Directive and Directive 98/70/EC. The Commission should in addition review in 2010 whether other biomass applications should be included.
Amendment 262 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 4
Article 18 – paragraph 4
4. For the purposes of demonstrating compliance with national renewable energy obligations placed on operators,ensuring achievement of the share of energy from renewable sources under Article 3 and Annex I the contribution made by biotransport fuels produced from wastes, residues, non-food cellulosic material, and ligno-cellulosic material shall be considered to be twice that made by other biofuelmay receive support from Member States.
Amendment 266 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 37
Recital 37
(37) If land with high stocks of carbon in its soil or vegetation is converted for the cultivation of raw materials for biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy, some of the stored carbon will generally be released into the atmosphere, leading to the formation of carbon dioxide. The negative greenhouse gas impact of this can offset the positive greenhouse gas impact of the biofuels or bioliquid from biomass, in some cases by a wide margin. The full carbon effects of such direct or indirect conversion should therefore be accounted for in calculating the greenhouse gas savings of particular biofuels and other bioliquids. This is necessary to ensure that the greenhouse gas saving calculation takes into account the totality of the carbon effects of the use of biofuels and other bioliquids.
Amendment 266 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – point k
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – point k
(k) the estimated net greenhouse gas savings due to the use of energy from renewable sources including the impact on carbon stocks linked to direct or indirect land use change.
Amendment 267 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 2
Article 20 – paragraph 2
2. The Commission shall maintain a dialogue and exchange information with third countries, environmental and social non-governmental organisations and biofuel producer and consumer organisations concerning the general implementation of the measures in this Directive relating to biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy.
Amendment 269 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 38
Recital 38
(38) In order to prevent unnecessary burdensome research by economic operators and in order to prevent conversion of high-carbon-stock land that in hindsight would prove to be not eligiblecompetition for food and feed and taking into account the urgency of tackling climate change and the possible significant negative greenhouse gas impacts of indirect land use change, land used for food or feed production should not be converted for the producing raw materials for biofuels and other bioliquids, those types of land whose carbon stock loss upon conversion could not, within a reasonable period taking into account the urgency of tackling climate change, be compensated by the greenhouse gas savings of producing biofuels tion of transport fuels. Transport fuels from biomass should be limited to production from waste or residues, idle, marginal or degraded land without high biodiversity and with a net greenhouse gas benefit or from increased productivity of land other bioliquids, should not be converted for the production of biofuels and other bioliquidat are already occupied by biomass for transport fuels. Inventories of worldwide carbon stocks lead to the conclusion that wetlands and continuously forested areas should be inexcluded in this categorfrom biomass production for energy.
Amendment 270 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – point c a (new)
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – point c a (new)
(ca) the impact of EU biofuel policy on direct and indirect land use change and an estimate of the associated carbon emissions, and
Amendment 274 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
Recital 39
(39) The incentives provided for in this Directive for biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy, and the increasing worldwide demand for biofuels and other bioliquidtransport fuels from biomass, should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of bio-diverse lands. Such exhaustible resources, recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind, should be preserved. Consumers in the Community, in addition, would find it morally unacceptable that their increased use of biofuels and other bioliquids could have the effect of destroying bio-diverse lands. For these reasons, it is necessary to provide criteria ensuring that biofuels and other bioliquids can only qualify for the incentives when it can be guaranteed that they do not originate in bio-diverse land. The criteria chosen consider forest as bio- diverse where it is undisturbed by significant human activity (following the definition used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe) or where it is protected by national laws for nature protection purposes. Further, considering the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands, it is also appropriate that biofuels made from raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this Directive. The Commission should establish appropriate criteria and/or geographical ranges to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international norm from biomass could have the effect of destroying bio- diverse lands.
Amendment 276 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2
Amendment 279 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point B – title and introductory part
Annex I – point B – title and introductory part
B. Indicative trajectory The indicativeMandatory interim target trajectory Mandatory interim target trajectory referred to in Article 3(2) shall respect the following shares of energy from renewable sources:
Amendment 280 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40
Recital 40
(40) Where biofuels and other bioliquids are made from raw materialraw material for biomass for energy is produced in the EU, ithey should also comply with EU environmental requirements for agriculture. Applying such criteria to imports from third countries is administratively and technically unfeasiblmeet the criteria that apply to imports in addition to EU environmental requirements for agriculture.
Amendment 282 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part A
Annex VII – part A
Annex VII part A deleted
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part B
Annex VII – part B
Annex VII part B deleted
Amendment 284 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of transport fuels, biofuels and other bioliquids shall be calculated as: E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – eccs - eccriluc + esca+ ep + etd + eu – eee, where E = total emissions from the use of the fuel; eec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials; el = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change; ep = emissions from processing; etd = emissions from transport and distribution;eiluc = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by indirect land use change; esca = emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management eup = emissions from the fuel in use; eccs = emission savings from carbon capture and sequestraprocessing; etd = emissions from transport and distribution; eccru = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement; ands from the fuel in use; eee = emission savings from excess electricity from cogeneration.
Amendment 285 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 41
Recital 41
(41) The environmental sustainability criteria will only be effective if they lead to changes in the behaviour of market actors. Market actors will only change their behaviour if biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy meeting the criteria command a price premium compared to those that do not. According to the mass balance method of verifying compliance, there is a physical link between the production of biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy meeting the criteria and the consumption of biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy in the Community, providing an appropriate balance between supply and demand and ensuring a price premium that is greater than in systems where there is no such link. Therefore to ensure that biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy meeting the environmental sustainability criteria can be sold at a higher price, maintaining the integrity of the system while at the same time avoiding imposing an unreasonable burden on industry, the mass balance system should be used to verify compliance. Other verification methods should however be reviewed.
Amendment 286 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 42
Recital 42
(42) It is in the interest of the Community to encourage the development of multilateral and bilateral agreements, and voluntary international or national schemes setting standards for the production of sustainable biofuels and other bioliquidtransport fuels from biomass, and certifying that production of biofuels and other bioliquidtransport fuels from biomass meets those standards. For that reason, provision should be made to decide on the procedures necessary to ensure that such agreements or schemes provide reliable evidence and data, provided that they meet adequate standards of reliability, transparency and independent auditing.
Amendment 288 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 43
Recital 43
(43) It is necessary to lay down clear rules for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy and their fossil fuel comparators.
Amendment 290 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 7
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 7
7. Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change, el, shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 210 years. For the calculation of these emissions the following rule shall be applied: el = (CSR – CSA) x MWCO2/MWC x 1/210 x 1/P, where el = annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land use change (measured as mass of CO2- equivalent per unit biofueltransport fuel from biomass energy); CSR = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land use (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including aboth soil and vegetation). The reference land use shall be the land use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the latest;ve and below ground biomass, litter, soils, deadwood and harvested wood products, following the "2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gases inventories - volume 4"). The reference land use shall be the land use in January 2008 CSA = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land use (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including aboth soil and vegetationve and below ground biomass, litter, soils, deadwood and harvested wood products, following the "2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gases inventories - volume 4"); MWCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44.010 g/mol; MWC = molecular weight of carbon = 12.011 g/mol; and P = the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel ortransport fuels and other bioliquid fuels from biomass energy per unit area per year).
Amendment 291 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 45
Recital 45
(45) In order to avoid a disproportionate administrative burden, a list of default values should be laid down for parts of the common biofuel production pathways. Biofuels and other bioliquids should always be entitled to claim the level of greenhouse gas savings established by this list. Where the default value for greenhouse gas savings from a production pathway lies below the required minimum level of greenhouse gas savings, producers wishing to demonstrate their compliance with this minimum level should be required to show that actual emissions from their production process are lower than those that were assumed in the calculation of the default values.
Amendment 292 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 46
Recital 46
Amendment 292 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 8 a (new)
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Emissions caused by indirect land use change, eiluc, shall have a value of 0 where production is based upon raw materials that do not require the use of arable, pasture or permanent crop land, including waste. eiluc shall have a value of 120g CO2/MJ in all other cases.
Amendment 293 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 47
Recital 47
Amendment 295 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 12
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 12
Amendment 296 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 13
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 13
Amendment 297 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 15
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 15
15. Where a fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products ("co- products"), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity)based on substitution method. Member States shall provide for regularly reviewed default values for typical co-products.
Amendment 301 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 17 – subparagraph 1
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 17 – subparagraph 1
17. For biofueltransport fuels from biomass, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 4, the fossil fuel comparator EF shall be the latest available actual average emissions from petrol and diesel consumed in the Community as reported under [Directive 98/70/EC]. If no such data are available, the value used shall be 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ or 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ, whichever is the lowest.
Amendment 302 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 49
Recital 49
Amendment 315 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 53
Recital 53
(53) Since the primary purpose of the measures provided for in Articles 15 to 17 of this Directive is to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market by harmonising the conditions of sustainability that biofuels and other bioliquids must meet for certain purposes and thus facilitating the trade between Member States in biofuels and other bioliquids which comply with these conditions, they are based on Article 95 of the Treaty. Since the primary purpose of all otherall measures provided for in this Directive is the protection of the environment, they are based on Article 175(1) of the Treaty.
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 55
Recital 55
(55) In particular, power should be conferred on the Commission to adapt the methodological principles and values necessary for assessing whether environmental and social sustainability criteria have been fulfilled in relation to biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy and to adapt the energy content of transport fuels to technical and scientific progress. Since those measures are of general scope and are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by the adaptation of the methodological principles and values, they must be adopted in line with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC.
Amendment 488 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 6 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that, for the purpose of disclosure, the origin of electricity produced from renewable energy sources, and of heating or cooling produced from renewable energy sources in plants with a capacity of at least 51 MWth, can be guaranteed as such within the meaning of this Directive according to objective, transparent and non- discriminatory criteria laid down by each Member State.
Amendment 513 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 6 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Amendment 532 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 3
Article 7 – paragraph 3
3. The national register of guarantees of origin and, if they rely on the flexible instruments as set out in Article 9(1b)(a) or (c) , transfer accounting certificates, shall record the guarantees of origin and transfer accounting certificates held by each person. Any guarantee of origin or transfer accounting certificate shall only be held in one register at one time.
Amendment 571 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 a (new)
Article 8 a (new)
Article 8a Submission of transfer accounting certificates for cancellation 1. Member States that decide to opt into the schemes referred to in Article 9(1b)(a), on the basis that they rely on such schemes, shall require the submission of a transfer accounting certificate for cancellation to a competent body designated in accordance with Article 7, corresponding to the unit of energy in question, if: (a) the production of a unit of electricity from renewable energy sources, or the production of a unit of heating or cooling from renewable energy sources in a plant with a capacity of at least 5 MWth, receives support in the form of feed-in tariff payments, premium payments, tax reductions or payments resulting from calls for tenders, in which case the transfer accounting certificate shall be submitted to the competent body designated by the Member State that established the system of support; (b) a unit of electricity produced from renewable energy sources, or a unit of heating or cooling produced from renewable energy sources in a plant with a capacity of at least 5 MWth, is taken into account for the purposes of assessing an entity’s compliance with a renewable energy obligation, in which case the transfer accounting certificate shall be submitted to the competent body designated by the Member State that established the obligation. 2. For purposes of paragraph 1, Member States can require the transfer accounting certificate to be submitted to the competent body together with a guarantee of origin which has been issued for the unit of energy in question. 3. Member States shall also enable operators to submit transfer accounting certificates to a competent body for cancellation on a voluntary basis, e.g. in order to ensure additionality of a green power product offered to consumers. 4. The competent body shall cancel transfer accounting certificates submitted under paragraphs 1 and 3 and Article 8(1a) immediately after their submission. 5. Transfer accounting certificates shall not be submitted to a competent body for cancellation more than 1 year after their date of issue.
Amendment 582 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 9 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. In the absence of an EU-wide support scheme and in order to guarantee that national support schemes are able to pursue the purposes of this Directive effectively, Member States may decide if or to what extent they grant energy from renewable sources which is produced in other Member States the right to benefit from their national support scheme and to decide if or to what extent they grant energy from renewable sources which is produced on its territory the right to benefit from the national support scheme of other Member States.
Amendment 626 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 a (new)
Article 11 a (new)
Amendment 634 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) rules and their applications governing authorisation, certification and licensing are objective, transparent and, non- discriminatory, proportionate and necessary, and take fully into account the particularities of individual renewable energy technologies; rules applying to polluting activities, such as those contained in the Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (Codified version)1 (the IPPC Directive), are not appropriate as regards renewable energy installations which do not produce polluting waste during their life cycle, and shall not apply to such installations. ___________________________ 1 OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.
Amendment 731 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – title
Article 14 – title
Access to theand operation of electricity grid, gas pipelines and district heating and cooling networks
Amendment 734 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Article 14 – paragraph 1
1. Member States and the competent authorities shall take the necessary steps to develop grid infrastructure to accommodate the further development of electricity production from renewable energy sources, including interconnectors between Member Statestransmission and distribution grid infrastructure, storage facilities and appropriate network management tools to accommodate the further development of electricity production from renewable energy sources, in due time and in line with the targets set in annexes 1A and 1B, including interconnectors between Member States, as well as third countries. In their national action plans they will assess the necessities to extend and/or to reinforce existing infrastructure to facilitate the integration of the quantities of renewables needed to achieve the 2020 national target. They shall also take the necessary measures to enable renewable energy generators to connect to the distribution system where reasonably requested.
Amendment 743 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 2
Article 14 – paragraph 2
2. Without prejudice to the maintenance of the reliability and safety of the grid, Member States shall ensure that transmission system operators and distribution system operators in their territory guarantee the priority transmission and distribution of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. TheyMember States and competent regulatory authorities shall also provide for priority access to the transmission and distribution grid system of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. When dispatching electricity generating installations, transmissionnetwork system operators and power exchanges shall give priority to generating installations using renewable energy sources insofar as the security of the national electricity system permitsreliability and safety of the national electricity system permits and according to operational rules to be approved by the competent authority. Deviations from this principle are only possible if the security of the national electricity system is under threat. The burden of proof of not respecting the principle of priority dispatching lies with the relevant network operator or power exchange and must be accompanied by a compensation scheme for the renewables producer which is hurt in compliance with the renewables development plans established by each Member State. The network operator and/or the power exchange operator should report on the internet issues and on measures taken.
Amendment 757 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 14 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
3. Member States or the competent regulatory authorities shall require transmission system operators and distribution system operators to set up and publish their standard rules relating to the bearing and sharing of costs of technical adaptations, such as grid connections and grid reinforcement, grid reinforcements, improved operation of the grid and rules on the non-discriminatory implementation of the grid codes, which are necessary in order to integrate new producers feeding electricity produced from renewable energy sources into the interconnected grid. These rules shall be published by 30 June 2010 at the latest.
Amendment 773 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 8 a (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. EU Commission and Member States will develop a coordinated approach to the development of off-shore wind and marine energies in the North Sea, Irish Sea, Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. This plan will comprise streamlined authorisation procedure and the necessary grid infrastructure both off-shore and on- shore will be a priority project in the Trans-European Network (TEN) initiative. EU Commission and Member States will develop a coordinated approach to the development of wind and solar thermal electricity capacities in the Mediterranean region both in EU and in non-EU countries. The necessary grid infrastructure and an improved coordination between the different system operators on a European level will be a priority project in the Trans-European Network (TEN) initiative.
Amendment 791 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(aa) measuring compliance of transport fuels with the requirements of the Fuel Quality Directive;
Amendment 796 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2
Article 15 – paragraph 2
2. The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels and other bioliquidtransport fuels from biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be at least 35%. In the case of biofuels and other bioliquidcalculated on the basis of Article 17(1) and shall be at least 60%. In the case of transport fuels from biomass produced by installations that were in operation in January 2008, the first subparagraph shall apply from 1 AprilJanuary 20130.
Amendment 805 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Transport fuels from biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be limited to fuels produced from (a) waste or residues, including biogas, (b) feedstock grown on idle, degraded or marginal land with a net carbon benefit regarding land use emissions over 10 years, (c) fuel from feedstock which does not result in direct or indirect land use change emissions.
Amendment 808 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3
Article 15 – paragraph 3
3. Biofuels and other bioliquidmass for energy other than transport fuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land with recognised high biodiversity value, that is to say unless consisting of legal and regulated waste streams or wood residues arising from legitimate conservation management practices. This includes land that had one of the following statuses in or after January 20081990, whether or not the land still has this status: (-a) High Conservation Value land (a) forest undisturbed by significant human activity, that is to say, forest where there has been no known significant human intervention or where the last significant human intervention was sufficiently long ago to have allowed the natural species composition and processes to have become re-established; (b) areas designated for nature protection purposeunless evidence is provided that any human intervention has been and will continue to be of an intensity and periodicity which allows the natural species composition and processes to be retained; (b) areas designated for nature protection purposes, including those designated for the protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species recognised by international agreements, unless evidence is provided that the production of that raw material did not interfere with those purposes; (c) highly biodiverse grassland, that is to say grassland that is species-rich, not fertilised and not degradmaintains the natural species composition and ecological characteristics and processes and is not fertilised. The Commission shall establish the criteria and geographic ranges to determine which grasslandareas shall be covered by points (-a) to (c). Such a measure designed to amend non- essential elements of this Directive shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 21(3).
Amendment 823 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4
Article 15 – paragraph 4
4. Biofuels and other bioliquidmass for energy other than for transport fuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land with high carbon stock, that is to say land that had one of the following statuses in January 20081990 and no longer has this status: (a) wetlands, that is to say land that is covered with or saturated by water permanently or for a significant part of the year, including pristine peatland;(aa) peatlands, (b) continuously forested areas, that is to say land spanning more than 10.5 hectare with trees higher than 5 metres and a canopy cover of more than 310%, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; The provisions in this paragraph shall not apply if at the time the raw material was obtained, the land had the same status as it had i(ba) Savannah and scrubland, that is to say areas of mixed tree, shrub and grassland that hold high carbon stock; (bb) Permanent grassland, that is to say rangelands and pasture land which have been under grassland vegetation January 2008d pasture use for at least 20 years.
Amendment 842 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Biomass for energy shall not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 unless the raw material from which they are produced was cultivated in accordance with the following criteria: (a) respect of land rights of local communities and indigenous peoples as set out in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other relevant international frameworks such that: - the right to use the land can be demonstrated and is not legitimately contested by local communities with demonstrable rights; - the use of the land for biomass for energy production does not diminish the legal rights, customary rights or traditional rights of other users without their free, prior and informed consent, and (b) procedures to consult and communicate with local populations and interest groups through their own institutions; (c) compliance with national law relating to health and safety of workers as well as minimum wages; (d) compliance with the relevant conventions and recommendations of the International Labour Organization; (e) contracts with smallholder farmers which are reasonable, transparent and complied with. In particular: - agreed payments are made in a timely manner and that all costs, fees and levies are clearly explained and agreed in advance; - pricing of inputs, services and produce is clearly explained; - debt repayment schemes are fully transparent and operate on a reasonable rate of interest.
Amendment 843 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 5
Article 15 – paragraph 5
Amendment 860 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 6
Article 15 – paragraph 6
Amendment 865 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 7
Article 15 – paragraph 7
Amendment 871 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 7 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Energy from biomass shall not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 unless effective measures have been taken to prevent: (a) deterioration of surface and groundwater quality by inputs of pollutants and excessive amounts of nutrients; (b) excessive water consumption in areas where water is scarce; (c) air pollution; (d) deterioration of soil quality. In the production of raw materials for biomass for compliance under paragraph 1, both in the community and in third countries, no genetically modified plants and products thereof shall be used.
Amendment 885 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Amendment 893 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1
Amendment 896 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
The Commission may decidshall encourage that voluntary national or international schemes setting standards for the production of biomass products contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 15(2) or demonstrate that consignments of biofuelmass for energy comply with the environmental sustainability criteria in paragraphs 3 or 4 of Article 15.
Amendment 899 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 3
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 3
The Commission may decide that national, multinational or international schemes to measure greenhouse gas savings contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 15(215 under regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 21 (3).
Amendment 906 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 6
Article 16 – paragraph 6
6. Decisions pursuant to paragraph 4 shall be adopted in accordance with the procedureregulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 21(23). Such decisions shall be valid for a period of no more than 5 years. and can be revoked at the initiative of the Commission, the Committee provided for in Art 21 (2) or the European Parliament at any time when there is significant concern over a scheme’s reliability.
Amendment 916 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – point a
Amendment 926 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 2
Article 17 – paragraph 2
2. By 31 MarchDecember 20109 at the latest, Member States shall submit to the Commission a report including a list of those entities of their territory classified as NUTS 2 level in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council where the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials can be expected to be lower than or equal to the emissions reported under the heading "cultivation" in part D of Annex VII to this Directivelist of idle, degraded or marginal land where energy crop production could produce a net carbon benefit, accompanied by a description of the method and data used to establish that list. The method shall take into account soil characteristics, climate and expected raw material yields.
Amendment 928 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
3. The default values in Part A of Annex VII for biofuels, and the disaggregated default values for cultivation in Part D of Annex VII for biofuels and other bioliquids, shalltransport and liquid fuels from biomass may apply only when their raw materials are cultivated:
Amendment 931 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 3a (new)
3a. Emissions caused by indirect land use change shall be added to all transport fuels from biomass where direct land use change does not apply, unless the production is based upon raw materials that do not require the use of arable, pasture or permanent crop land, including waste.
Amendment 941 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point a
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point a
(a) where the contribution of a factor to overall emissions is smallless than 5%, or where there is limited variation, or where the cost or difficulty of establishing actual values is highpractically no variation, default values shall be typical of normal production processes;
Amendment 942 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point b
Article 17 – paragraph 5 – point b
(b) in all other cases default values shall be conservative compared to normalrepresent the 90% percentile of values for production processes.
Amendment 984 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – point g
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – point g
(g) developments in the availability and use of biomass resources for energy purposesthe specification of the use of and the proportion of biomass resources for energy purposes, including the nature, the quantity and the country of origin of these resources that are imported;
Amendment 990 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – point k
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – point k
(k) the estimated net greenhouse gas savings due to the use of energy from renewable sources including the impact on carbon stocks linked to direct or indirect land use change.
Amendment 997 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 2
Article 20 – paragraph 2
2. The Commission shall maintain a dialogue and exchange information with third countries, environmental and social non-governmental organisations and biofuel producer and consumer organisations concerning the general implementation of the measures in this Directive relating to biofuels and other bioliquidsmass for energy.
Amendment 1011 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – point c a (new)
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – point c a (new)
(ca) the impact of EU biofuel policy on direct and indirect land use change and an estimate of the associated carbon emissions, and
Amendment 1022 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2
Article 20 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2
Amendment 1032 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – part B – title
Annex I – part B – title
B. IndicativeMandatory interim target trajectory
Amendment 1081 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Part A
Annex VII – Part A
Annex VII part A deleted
Amendment 1082 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Part B
Annex VII – Part B
Annex VII part B deleted
Amendment 1086 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Part C – paragraph 1
Annex VII – Part C – paragraph 1
1. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of transport fuels, biofuels and other bioliquids shall be calculated as: E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – eccs - eccriluc + esca+ ep + etd + eu – eee, where E = total emissions from the use of the fuel; eec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials; el = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use ep = emissions from processing; etd = emissions from transport and distribution;iluc = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by indirect land use change; esca = emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management eup = emissions from the fuel in use; eccs = emission savings from carbon capture and sequestraprocessing; etd = emissions from transport and distribution; eccru = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement; ands from the fuel in use; eee = emission savings from excess electricity from cogeneration. Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.
Amendment 1094 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 7
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 7
7. Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change, el, shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 210 years. For the calculation of these emissions the following rule shall be applied: el= (CSR – CSA) x MWCO2/MWC x 1/210 x 1/P, where el = annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land use change (measured as mass of CO2- equivalent per unit biofueltransport fuel from biomass energy); CSR = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land use (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including aboth soil and vegetation). The reference land use shall be the land use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the latest;ve and below ground biomass, litter, soils, deadwood and harvested wood products, following the “2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gases inventories - volume 4”). The reference land use shall be the land use in January 2008 CSA = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land use (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including aboth soil and vegetationve and below ground biomass, litter, soils, deadwood and harvested wood products, following the “2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gases inventories - volume 4”); MWCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44.010 g/mol; MWC = molecular weight of carbon = 12.011 g/mol; and P = the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel ortransport fuels and other bioliquid fuels from biomass energy per unit area per year).
Amendment 1098 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 8 a (new)
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Emissions caused by indirect land use change, eiluc, shall have a value of 0 where production is based upon raw materials that do not require the use of arable, pasture or permanent crop land, including waste. eiluc shall have a value of 120g CO2/MJ in all other cases.
Amendment 1101 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 12
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 12
Amendment 1103 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 13
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 13
Amendment 1106 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 15
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 15
15. Where a fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products (“co- products”), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity)based on substitution method. Member States shall provide for regularly reviewed default values for typical co-products.
Amendment 1115 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 17 – subparagraph 1
Annex VII – part C – paragraph 17 – subparagraph 1
17. For biofueltransport fuels from biomass, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 4, the fossil fuel comparator EF shall be the latest available actual average emissions from petrol and diesel consumed in the Community as reported under [Directive 98/70/EC]. If no such data are available, the value used shall be 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ or 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ, whichever is the lowest.