18 Amendments of Elisabetta GARDINI related to 2012/0288(COD)
Amendment 56 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) Based on forecasts of biofuel demand provided by the Member States and estimates of indirect land-use change emissions for different biofuel feedstocks it is likely that greenhouse gas emissions linked to indirect land use change are significant, and could negate some or all of the greenhouse gas savings of individual biofuels. This is because almost the entire biofuel production in 2020 is expected to come from crops grown on land that could be used to satisfy food and feed markets. In order to reduce such emissions, it is appropriate to distinguish between crop groups such as oil crops, cereals, sugars and other starch containing crops accordingly. To this should be added the potential adverse effect on food product prices and the security of food product supply.
Amendment 64 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced biofuels, such as those made from wastes and algae, provide high greenhouse gas savings with low risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets. It is appropriate, therefore, to encourage in-depth studies and research aimed at ascertaining the potential beneficial effects of greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities, in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies. Further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuels towards 10% target for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC compared to conventional biofuels. In this context, only advanced biofuels with low estimated indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savings should be supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy framework.
Amendment 77 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) In order to ensure the long-term competitiveness of bio-based industrial sectors, and in line with the 2012 Communication "Innovating for Sustainable growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe"11 and the Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe12, promoting integrated and diversified biorefineries across Europe, enhanced incentives under Directive 2009/28/EC should be set in a way that gives preference to the use of biomass feedstocks that do not have a high economic value for other uses than biofuels or which do not impact on the environment in such a way as to compromise local ecosystems by depriving food crops of land and water.
Amendment 84 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
Recital 2
(2) In view of the Union's objectives to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the significant contribution that road transport fuels make to those emissions, Article 7a(2) of Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EC requires fuel suppliers to reduce by at least 6% by 31 December 2020 the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy (‘greenhouse gas intensity’) of fuels used in the Union by road vehicles, non-road mobile machinery, agricultural and forestry tractors and recreational craft when not at sea. The target of Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources to ensure that the share of energy from renewable energy sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10% of their final energy consumption, should be consistent with Article 7a(2) of Directive 98/70/EC in order to avoid any market distortion. The blending of biofuels is one of the methods available for fossil fuel suppliers to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the fossil fuels supplied.
Amendment 176 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
2. The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be at least 60 % for biofuels produced in installations starting operation after …+30 June 2018. An installation shall be considered to be in operation if the physical production of biofuels has taken place. __________________ + OJ: please insert the date of entry into force of this Directive.
Amendment 178 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
In the case of installations that were in operation on or before …+30 June 2018, for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1, biofuels shall achieve a greenhouse gas emission saving of at least 35 % until 31 December 20178 and at least 50 % from 1 January 2018. __________________ + OJ: please insert the date of entry into force of this Directive9.
Amendment 204 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14a) In order to permit adaptation to innovative and scientific progress of Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC and for creating certainty for investments, the European Union should encourage the use of biofuels with the highest GHG savings, being the driver for the biofuels policy in Europe. Therefore, the methodology to achieve a total assessment of the life cycle of CO2 savings of individual biofuels should be amended by including the CO2 savings during production of the finished fuel, as each biofuel (whole or partial) will have a different impact on the finished fuel.
Amendment 213 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 1
Article 2 – point 1
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point s
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point s
(s) 'non-food cellulosic material' means feedstocks mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, and having a lower lignin-content than ligno-cellulosic material; it includes food and feed crop residues (such as straw, stover, husks and shells), grassy energy crops with a low starch content (such as alfalfa and other nitrogen fixing crops, cover crops before and after annual cereal and oil crops, cactus and others CAM crops, ryegrass, switchgrass, miscanthus, giant cane, etc.), industrial residues (including from food and feed crops after vegetal oils, sugars, starches and protein have been extracted), and material from biowaste ;
Amendment 257 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – point 2 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3
Article 7b – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3
The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels shall be calculated in accordance with Article 7d(1) and shall take into consideration the total GHG savings for biofuels, starting from their production through to their impact on the energy used to create the final fuel. Therefore the methodology to achieve a realistic assessment of the life cycle of CO2 savings of individual biofuels should be amended as each biofuel (whole or partial) will have a different impact on the finished fuel.
Amendment 334 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 9 – point a
Article 2 – point 9 – point a
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 – point i
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 – point i
(i) the development and share of biofuels made from feedstocks listed in Annex IX including a resource assessment focusing on the sustainability aspects relating to the effect of the replacement of food and feed products for biofuel production, taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC, the biomass cascading principle, taking into consideration the regional and local economical and technological circumstance, the maintenance of the necessary carbon stock in the soil and the quality of the soil and the ecosystems;
Amendment 339 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 10 – point c
Article 2 – point 10 – point c
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 23 – paragraph 5 – point e
Article 23 – paragraph 5 – point e
(e) the availability and sustainability of biofuels made from feedstocks listed in Annex IX, including an assessment of the effect of the replacement of food and feed products for biofuel production, taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC, the biomass cascading principle taking into consideration the regional and local economical and technological circumstances, the maintenance of the necessary carbon stock in the soil and the quality of soil and ecosystems; and
Amendment 341 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 10 – point c
Article 2 – point 10 – point c
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 23 – paragraph 5 – point f
Article 23 – paragraph 5 – point f
(f) indirect land use changes in relation to all production pathways, including an assessment of whether the range of uncertainty identified in the analysis underlying the estimations of indirect land- use change emissions can be narrowed and the possible impact of Union policies, such as environment, climate and agricultural policies, can be factored in. ;
Amendment 394 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point a
Annex IX – part A – point a
(a) Algae (autotrophic) if cultivated on land in ponds or photobioreactors, macroalgae, aquatic plants.
Amendment 406 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 3
Article 2 – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – second sentence
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – second sentence
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 25 (b)b concerning the adaptation of the energy content of transport fuels as set out in Annex III to scientific and technical progress. New values for energy content may be taken into consideration in Annex III of the Directive 2009/28/EC by adding lower heating accounting for the entire field-to- wheel bio energy contribution based on sound scientific principles, with values to be reported to one decimal place.
Amendment 406 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point e
Annex IX – part A – point e
(e) StrawCereal and beans straw, provided that the soil carbon fertility is at least maintained.
Amendment 407 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point f
Annex IX – part A – point f
(f) Animal manure and slurry, sewage sludge.
Amendment 411 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point g
Annex IX – part A – point g
(g) PSustainable palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches.
Amendment 413 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point j
Annex IX – part A – point j
(j) Bagasse, olive oil production residues, citrus and orange peel residues.