Activities of Norica NICOLAI related to 2012/2096(INI)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on Cyber Security and Defence PDF (178 KB) DOC (107 KB)
Amendments (30)
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas in today's globalised world, the EU and its Member States have become crucially reliant on a safe cyber space and a secure use of information and digital technologies;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas cyber challenges and threat, threats and attacks are growing at a dramatic pace and constitute a major threat to the security, stability and competitiveness of the nationdefence and stability of EU states as well as of the private sector; whereas such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats arecyber challenges and attacks create a permanent liability for the security and defence of Europe, whether stemming from individual or state-based interests, increasingly of a politically motivated in nature; whereas the vast majority of cyber incidents remain primitive;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas cyberspace, with its nearly 2 billion globally interconnected users, has become one of the most potent and efficient means of advancing democratic ideas and organising people as they seek to realise their aspirations for freedom and fight against dictatorships; whereas the use of cyberspace by undemocratic and authoritarian regimes poses an increasing threat to individuals' rights to freedom of expression and association; whereas it is therefore crucial to ensure that cyberspace will remain open to the free flow of ideas, information and expression;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)
Recital B b (new)
B b. Whereas cyberspace needs to be both secured and protected;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas there are numerous obstacles of a political, legislative and organisational nature in the EU and its Member States to the development of a comprehensive and unified approach to cyberdefence; whereas there is a lack of common definition, standards and common measures in the sensitive and vulnerable area of cyber security;
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas sharing and coordination within the EU institutions and with and between Member States, as well as with outside partners is still insufficient;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas the EU has not yet developed coherent policies of its own regardingan initiative on critical information and infrastructure protection, with an Action Plan published by the Commission in 2011;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas the EU has proposed various initiatives to tackle civilian level cybercrime, including the establishment of a new Cybercrime Centre, yet lacks any concrete plan at the level of security and defence;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
H. whereas building trust and confidence between the private sector and, law enforcement authorities and defence institutions is of utmost importance in the fight against cybercrime;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J
Recital J
J. whereas a large numberthe majority of cyber incidents in the private sector remain unreported due to the sensitive nature of the information and possible damage to the image of the companies involved; whereas many cyber attacks against governmental institutions and bodies are also seldom reported;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)
Recital J a (new)
J a. Whereas the majority of perpetrators in high level cyber attacks, that threaten national or international security and defence, are never identified and prosecuted; whereas there is no internationally agreed upon response to a state-backed cyber attack against another state, nor an understanding if this could be considered as a casus belli;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital P
Recital P
P. whereas a clear balance has to be established between security measures and citizens' rights, with neither being scarified in the name of the other;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital Q
Recital Q
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital R
Recital R
R. whereas there is an increasing need to better respect and protect individuals' rights to privacy; whereas the need for securing and defending cyberspace at a national level, for institutions and military bodies, while important, should never be used as an excuse to limit in any way rights and freedoms in the cyber and informational space;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Notes that cyber threats and attacks against government, administrative, military and international bodies are a rapidly growing menace and occurrence in both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organised criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member States and the EU are significant reasons of concern that state and non-state actors, especially terrorist and criminal organisations can attack critical information and communication structures and infrastructures of EU institutions and members, with the potential to cause significant harm, including kinsetitutionc effects;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Underlines therefore the need for a global and coordinated approach to these challenges at the EU level with the development of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy which should provide a common definition of cyber security and defence, as well as of what constitutes a defence related cyber attack, a common operating vision and take into account the added value of the existing agencies and bodies; stresses the crucial importance of coordination and creating synergies at the level of the Union to help combine different initiatives, programmes and activities, military and civilian; emphasises that such a strategy should ensure flexibility and be updated on regular basis to adapt to the rapidly changing nature of cyberspace;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Urges the Commission to investigate the possibility of evoking the solidarity clause, pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (Title VII, Article 222), in the event of a serious cyber attack against a Member State that leads to the endangering its national security;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Calls on the Council and the Commission, together with Member States, to elaborate a White Paper on Cyber Defence, establishing clear definitions and criteria separating levels of cyber attacks in civilian and military, in accordance to their motivation and effects, as well as levels of reactions, including the investigation, detection and prosecution of perpetrators;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Urges the need to update the European Security Strategy with a view to identify and find means of pursuit and prosecution for both individual, network- related and state-supported cyber attackers;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Stresses the importance of horizontal cooperation and coordination on cyber security within and between EU institutions and agencies;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Defence Coordination post;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Considers that given the high level of skill required in both the adequate defence of cyber systems and infrastructures and their attack, a "white hat" strategy should be developed between the Commission, Council and member states, in order to recruit EU citizens convicted for cyber attacks that required a high level of expertise; notes that the potential for "brain drain" in these cases is high and that, notably minors convicted for such attacks, have a high potential for both rehabilitation and integration in defence agencies and bodies;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Welcomes the recent initiatives and projects relating to cyber defence, especially on gathering and mapping relevant cyber security and defence data, challenges and needs and urges Member States to cooperate more, also at military level, with the EDA on cyber defence;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Encourages Member States to create designated cyber security and cyber defence units within their military structure, with a view to cooperate with similar bodies in other EU Member States;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Stresses that Member States should aim never to endanger their citizens' rights and freedoms when developing their responses to cyber threats and attacks and should have adequate legislative differences between civilian and military level cyber incidents;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)
Paragraph 28 a (new)
28 a. Calls on the External Action Service and the Council to begin taking into account cyber security and defence when negotiating Association Agreements and Partnership and Cooperation Agreements with third states, as well as other major treaties; suggests that such agreements should have a cyber defence clause, with the aim that partner countries will recognize and cooperate on the same cyber security criteria as the EU, including on the matter of identifying, prosecuting and sentencing cyber attackers within their borders;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Is aware of the need for an internationally agreed and coordinated response to cyber threats; calls, therefore, on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take the lead in the efforts to achieve a broader international agreement on norms of behaviour in cyber spaceall fora, starting with the United Nations in order to elaborate and international agreement on the definitions and norms for cross-border cyber attacks that can affect the security and defence of a state; considers that such a document should also include appropriate means of prevention as well as mitigation of such attacks, with the aim to prevent cyber attacks to threaten international peace and stability;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Proposes to set up a joint working group with BRICS countries in order to tackle cyber security matters, and especially to explore possibilities for a possible common response to growing cybercrime and cyber attacks threats and attacks, at both civilian and military levels ;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34
Paragraph 34
34. Calls on the Council and the Commission to insist, during its negotiations and cooperation with third countries, on minimum requirements for preventing and fighting cyber criminality and cyber attacks; and on minimum standards in information system securityformation sharing at the level of counter cyber attacks bodies;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 41 a (new)
Paragraph 41 a (new)
41 a. Underlines the need for both the US and the EU, as the biggest sources of both cyber space and users, to work together for the protection of their citizen's rights and freedoms to use this space; underlines that while national security is a paramount objective, cyber space should be secured but also protected;