30 Amendments of Marietje SCHAAKE related to 2012/2096(INI)
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)
Citation 8 a (new)
- having regard to the reports of the UN Special Rapporteur Frank La Rue, of 16 May 2011 (A/HRC/17/27) and 10 August 2011 (A/66/290), on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, which underline the applicability of international human rights norms and standards regarding the right to freedom of opinion and expression on the internet, seen as a communications medium,
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 b (new)
Citation 8 b (new)
- having regard to its legislative resolution of 27 September 2011 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 1334/2000 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use items and technology,
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 c (new)
Citation 8 c (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 17 November 2011 on the open Internet and net neutrality in Europe4, __________________ 4 Texts adopted, P7_TA(2011)0511.
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 a (new)
Citation 9 a (new)
- having regard to the resolution of the UN Human Rights Council of 5 July 2012 entitled 'The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet'5, which recognises the importance of human rights protection and the free flow of information online, __________________ 5 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HR C/RegularSessions/Session20/Pages/ResD ecStat.aspx.
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 b (new)
Citation 9 b (new)
- having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 of 18 January 2012 and introducing export restrictions on ICTs and monitoring tools6, __________________ 6 OJ L 16, 19.1.2012, p.1.
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 a (new)
Citation 10 a (new)
- having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 264/2012 of 23 March 2012 amending Regulation (EU) No 359/2011 concerning restrictive measures directed against certain persons, entities and bodies in view of the situation in Iran and introducing export restrictions on ICTs and monitoring tools7, __________________ 7 OJ L 86, 24.3.2012, p. 26.
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
A a. whereas internet access is a key enabler of access to information, free expression, press freedom, freedom of assembly, and economic, social, political and cultural developments;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
A b. whereas information and communication technologies are also used as tools of repression through (mass) censorship, surveillance, and tracing and tracking of information and individuals;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)
Recital A c (new)
A c. whereas the context in which technologies are used determines to a great extent the impact these technologies can have as a force for positive developments or for repression instead;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A d (new)
Recital A d (new)
A d. whereas these changes create new contexts which require the application of existing laws in new contexts based on a strategy to mainstream internet and ICTs in the EU's foreign and security policies;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas cyber challenges and threats are growing at a dramatic pace nd cand constitute a major threat to the security, stability and competitiveness of the nation states as well as of the private sector; whereas such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are increasinglyalso of a politically motivated nature; whereas the vast majority of cyber incidents remain primitive;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital Q
Recital Q
Q. whereas cyberspacethe internet, with its nearly 2 billion globally interconnected users, has become one of the most potent and efficient means of advancing democratic ideas and organising people as they seek to realise their aspirations for freedom and fight against dictatorships; whereas the use of cyberspacethe internet and information and communication technologies by undemocratic and authoritarian regimes poses an increasing threat to individuals' rights to freedom of expression and association; whereas it is therefore crucial to ensure that cyberspacethe internet will remain open to the free flow of ideas, information and expression;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital R a (new)
Recital R a (new)
R a. whereas the internet has flourished and developed organically as a platform of huge public value
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital S
Recital S
S. whereas the global cyber challenges and threats call for an international collective responseand borderless nature of the internet requires new forms of international cooperation and governance with multiple stakeholders;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital S a (new)
Recital S a (new)
S a. whereas net neutrality is an essential principle for the open internet, ensuring competition and transparency
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital S b (new)
Recital S b (new)
S b. whereas governments increasingly rely on private players for the security of their critical infrastructure;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital S c (new)
Recital S c (new)
S c. whereas digital security and digital freedom are both required to reap the benefits of technological developments and can not replace one another;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital V a (new)
Recital V a (new)
V a. whereas the EU only leads by example on digital freedoms when these are safeguarded in the EU;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Notes that cyber threats are a rapidly growing menace both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organised criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member States and the EU institutions;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Recognises that human rights must also be protected online, and believes ICTs should be mainstreamed in all EU programmes to advance this effort;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Calls on the Commission and Council to unequivocally recognise digital freedoms as fundamental rights and as indispensable prerequisites for enjoying universal human rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and access to information and ensuring transparency and accountability in public life;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4 a. Notes that in a globally connected world parameters of lawmaking are constantly changing and traditional concepts of jurisdiction related to nation- states' territories no longer match the borderless online environment, considers open and collaborative decision-making essential to respect the open and participatory nature of the internet, believes the EU should strive to lead in developing a balanced equilibrium between freedom online and basic ground rules, including dispute settlement mechanisms also taking into account conflicting jurisdictions;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4 b. Stresses that the internet is currently relatively unregulated and is governed through a multi-stakeholder approach, which has organically developed into a network of public and private actors, whereas the UN in 2005 convened the Internet Governance Forum as the main international platform for discussions related to internet governance;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4 c. Is concerned about attempts to undermine the open and participatory nature of internet governance by coalitions of governments and businesses, by seeking to introduce regulatory oversight and increased governmental and private control over the internet and telecom operations, which hamper innovation and digital entrepreneurship while seeking to preserve existing business models;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 d (new)
Paragraph 4 d (new)
4 d. Stresses that new technologies challenge the way in which governments perform traditional core tasks; reaffirms that defence and security policies ultimately lie in the hands of government including adequate democratic oversight; takes note of the increasingly important role of private actors in executing security and defence tasks often without transparency and accountability or democratic oversight mechanisms;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 e (new)
Paragraph 4 e (new)
4 e. Stresses that all EU cyber security policies should be based and designed to ensure the maximum protection and preservation of digital freedoms and respect for human rights online;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 f (new)
Paragraph 4 f (new)
4 f. Stresses that governments need to abide to basic international public and humanitarian law principles, such as the respect for state sovereignty and human rights, when using new technologies in the scope of security and defence policies, points to the valuable experience of EU Member States, such as Estonia, in defining and designing cyber security policies as well as cyber defence;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 g (new)
Paragraph 4 g (new)
4 g. Considers that the EU should ensure the multi-stakeholder model is inclusive, and that small businesses as well as civil society actors and users are not overruled by a few large business and government players;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. Reaffirms the notion of the Internet, data connection and storage, and ICTs as essential parts of the EU's critical infrastructure;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 39 a (new)
Paragraph 39 a (new)
39 a. Calls on the EU to address and resist the extra territorial impact of third country laws, notably IPR laws of the United States, on EU citizens, consumers and businesses, in this context calls on the Commission to swiftly present its EU-wide Cloud Computing Strategy as highlighted in the Digital Agenda for Europe;