Activities of Kriton ARSENIS related to 2012/0288(COD)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources PDF (1 MB) DOC (1 MB)
Amendments (34)
Amendment 89 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3 a (new)
Recital 3 a (new)
Amendment 93 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) Where pasture or agricultural land previously destined for the food, feed and fibre markets is diverted to biofuel production, the non-fuel demand will still need to be satisfied either through intensification of current production, which may result in biodiversity loss, water scarcity or soil erosion, water and soil pollution and loss of critical ecosystem services; or by bringing non-agricultural land into production elsewhere. The latter case represents indirect land-use change and when it involves the conversion of high carbon stock land it can lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions as well as to a loss of biodiversity. Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC should therefore include provisions to address indirect land use change given that current biofuels are mainly produced from crops grown on existing agricultural land.
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) Based on forecasts of biofuel demand provided by the Member States and estimates of indirect land-use change emissions for different biofuel feedstocks it is likely that greenhouse gas emissions linked to indirect land use change are significant, and couldwill negate some or all of the greenhouse gas savings of individual biofuels. This is because almost the entire biofuel production in 2020 is expected to come from crops grown on land that could be used to satisfy food and feed markets. In order to reduce such emissions, it is appropriate to distinguish between crop groups such as oil crops, cereals, sugars and oFurthermore, biofuel production from food crops contributes to food price volatility. In order to reduce such emissions and mitigate such negative effects on food security, it is appropriate to set up the 5% limit laid down in Article 3(4)d as well as take into account indirect land-use change emissions when calculating the greenhouse gas emission savings required under ther starch containing crops accordinglyustainability criteria set out in Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC.
Amendment 129 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced biofuels, such as those made from wastes and algae, provide high greenhouse gas savings with low risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets. It is appropriate, therefore, to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities, in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies. Further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuels towards 10% target for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC compared to conventional biofuels. In this context, only advanced biofuels with low estimated indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savSustainability criteria are required for advanced biofuels in order to ensure that they do not result in biodiversity loss or ecosystem services loss and do not compete with food for land, water or other resources. In this context, the increased weightings should be supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy frameworknot be implemented for specific advanced biofuels until the adoption of sustainability criteria at Union level.
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) To prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land use change impacts in the period to 2020, it is appropriate to limit the amount of biofuels and bioliquids obtained from food crops as set out in part A of Annex VIII to Directive 2009/28/EC and part A of Annex V to Directive 98/70/EC that can be counted towards targets set out in Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC. Without restricting the overall use of such biofuels, the share of biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugar and oil crops that can be counted towards the targets of Directive 2009/28/EC and Directive 98/70/EC should be limited to the share of such biofuels and bioliquids consumed in 2011.
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The Commission should review the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this Directive, based on the best and latest available scientific evidence, in limiting indirect land-use change greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ways to further minimise that impact, which cshould include the introduction of estimated indirect land-use change emission factors in the sustainability scheme as of 1st January 2021establishment of appropriate sustainability criteria for advanced biofuels.
Amendment 246 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 1 – point b a (new)
Article 1 – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 7a – paragraph 6 a (new)
(ba) the following paragraph 6a is inserted: "6a. Member States shall ensure that the maximum joint contribution made by suppliers from biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars, oil crops for purposes of compliance with the targets referred to in paragraph 2 shall be no more than the energy quantity corresponding to the maximum contribution as set out in Article 3(4)(d) of Directive 2009/28/EC."
Amendment 269 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 3 – point -a (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7d – paragraph 1
Article 7d – paragraph 1
(-a) paragraph 1 is replaced by the following: "1. For the purposes of Article 7a and Article 7b(2), life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels shall be calculated as follows: (a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission savings for the biofuel production pathway, including indirect land-use change values referred to in Annex V, is laid down in Part A or B of Annex IV and where the el value for those biofuels calculated in accordance with point 7 of Part C of Annex IV is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value; (b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV; or (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of Part C of Annex IV, where disaggregated default values in Part D or E of Annex IV may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV, for all other factors, adding the estimates for indirect land-use change emissions set out in Annex V."
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Article 1 – point 3 – point a
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7d – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 7d – paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. In order to protect investments already made, regarding installations that were in operation on or before 1st July 2014 the indirect land-use change emissions referred to in Annex V of this Directive shall not be taken into account in calculations performed under paragraph 1 in respect of the share of overall consumption of biofuels produced from cereal and other starch rich-crops, sugars and oil crops or other types of land-based energy crops until 31 December 2017.
Amendment 299 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 7
Article 1 – point 7
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 2
Article 10a – paragraph 2
2. The delegation of power referred to in Article 7a(5), the second subparagraph of Article 7b(3), Articles 7d(1a), 7d(5), 7d(6), 7d(7), 8a(3) and 10(1) shall be conferred for an indeterminate period of time from the date of entry into force of this Directive.
Amendment 303 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 7
Article 1 – point 7
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 3
Article 10a – paragraph 3
3. The delegation of powers referred to in Articles 7a(5), the second subparagraph of Article 7b(3), Articles 7d(1a), 7d(5), 7d(6), 7d(7), 8a(3) and 10(1) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
Amendment 306 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – point 7
Article 1 – point 7
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 10a – paragraph 5
Article 10a – paragraph 5
5. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 7a(5), the second subparagraph of Article 7b(3), Articles 7d(1a), 7d(5), 7d(6), 7d(7), 8a(3) and 10(1) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the European Parliament or the Council.
Amendment 344 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point i a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point c – second sentence
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point c – second sentence
(ia) the second sentence of point (c) is replaced by the following: "Furthermore, for the calculation of the electricity from renewable energy sources consumed by electric road vehicles and electrified rail, that consumption shall be considered to be 2,5 times the energy content of the input of electricity from renewable energy sources."
Amendment 376 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 1 – point i
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 1 – point i
(i) biofuels produced from feedstockwaste and residues listed in Part A of Annex IX shall be considered to be four times their energy content;
Amendment 380 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 1 – point ii
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 1 – point ii
(ii) biofuels produced from feedstockwaste and residues listed in Part B of Annex IX shall be considered to be twice their energy content;
Amendment 395 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 2
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 2
Member States shall ensure that no raw materials are intentionally modified to be covered by categories (i) to (iii). The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and to the Council before 31 December 2017 with regard to the implementation of point (e) and the measures taken by the Member States in order to ensure that raw materials covered by categories (i) to (iii) are not intentionally modified.
Amendment 400 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 3 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e – subparagraph 3 a (new)
The implementation of this point shall not be implemented for specific residues as laid down by Annex IX until the adoption of sustainability criteria at EU level.
Amendment 402 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point c – point iii a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point e a (new)
(iiia) the following point (ea) is added: "(ea) for purposes of compliance with the target referred to in this paragraph, Member States may meet their share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugars, oil crops and other energy crops grown on land through increases in non-biomass renewable energy from wind, solar, geothermal or tidal, if additional to projections contained in their national renewable energy action plans notified under Article 4(2)."
Amendment 407 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 5 – point -a (new)
Article 2 – point 5 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
Article 17 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
(-a) in paragraph 1, the introductory part of the first subparagraph is replaced by the following: "1. Irrespective of whether the raw materials were cultivated inside or outside the territory of the Community, energy from biofuels and bioliquids shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) only if they fulfil the sustainability criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 6 and do not exceed contributions set out in Article 3(4)(d):"
Amendment 435 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 7 – point -a (new)
Article 2 – point 7 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 19 – paragraph 1
Article 19 – paragraph 1
(-a) paragraph 1 is replaced by the following: "1. For the purposes of Article 17(2), the greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuel and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows: (a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission saving for the production pathway, including indirect land-use change values as referred to in Annex VIII, is laid down in Part A or B of Annex V and where the el value for those biofuels or bioliquids calculated in accordance with point 7 of Part C of Annex V is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value; (b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex V; or (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of Part C of Annex V, where disaggregated default values in Part D or E of Annex V may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex V, for all other factors, with the exception of the eiluc value, for which the values referred to in Annex VIII shall be used."
Amendment 446 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point 7 – point c a (new)
Article 2 – point 7 – point c a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 19 – paragraph 6 a (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 6 a (new)
(ca) the following paragraph 6a is inserted: "6a. In order to protect investments already made, regarding installations that were in operation on or before 1st July 2014 the indirect land-use change emissions referred to in Annex VIII to this Directive shall not be taken into account in calculations performed under paragraph 1 in respect of the share of overall consumption of biofuels produced from cereal and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops or other types of land-based energy crops until 31 December 2017."
Amendment 470 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3
Article 3
The Commission shall, before 31 December 2017, submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council reviewing, on the basis of the best latest available scientific evidence, the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this Directive in limiting indirect land- use change greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of biofuel and bioliquids. The report shall, if appropriate, be accompanied by a legislative proposal based on the best available scientific evidence, for introducing estimated indirect land use change emissions factors into the appropriate sustainability criteria to be applied from 1st January 2021 and a review of the effectiveness of the incentives providedestablishing appropriate sustainability criteria for biofuels from non- land using feedstocks and non-food crops under Article 3(4)d of Directive 2009/28/EC.
Amendment 480 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Investors shall take into account that biofuel production technologies are still under development and further measures to mitigate negative impacts may be adopted at a later stage.
Amendment 486 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – part C – point 1
Annex IV – part C – point 1
Amendment 493 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex I – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex IV – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) the following point is added: "19a. Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex V."
Amendment 501 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point -a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 1
Annex V – part C – point 1
Amendment 510 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Annex II – point 1 – point b a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
Annex V – part C – point 19 a (new)
(ba) the following point is added: "19a. Emissions from indirect land-use change, eiluc, shall be calculated in accordance with Annex VIII."
Amendment 536 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – title
Annex IX – part A – title
Part A. FeedstockWaste and residues whose contribution towards the target referred to in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be four times their energy content
Amendment 551 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point f
Annex IX – part A – point f
Amendment 561 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part A – point n
Annex IX – part A – point n
Amendment 594 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part B – title
Annex IX – part B – title
Part B. FeedstockWaste and residues whose contribution towards the target referred to in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content
Amendment 599 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part B – point a a (new)
Annex IX – part B – point a a (new)
(aa) Bark, branches, leaves, saw dust and cutter shavings. The contribution of these residues towards the target referred to in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content after the adoption of sustainability criteria at EU level.
Amendment 606 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part B – point c
Annex IX – part B – point c
Amendment 614 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex IX – part B – point d
Annex IX – part B – point d