50 Amendments of Marju LAURISTIN related to 2015/0281(COD)
Amendment 71 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) The terrorist threat has grown and rapidly evolved in recent years. Individuals referred to as "foreign terrorist fighters" travel abroad for terrorism purposes. Returning foreign terrorist fighters pose a heightened security threat to all EU Member States. Foreign terrorist fighters have been linked to several recent attacks or plots, including the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015. In addition, the European Union and its Member States face increased threats from individuals inspired or instructed by terrorist groups abroad but who remainand within Europe.
Amendment 72 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4 a (new)
Recital 4 a (new)
(4a) Considering that the internet is being used for terrorist propaganda and recruitment, Member States should take appropriate measures for flagging illegal content on the internet and facilitating the detection of such content, and cooperate with each other, with Europol and other relevant Union agencies, as well as with civil society organisations active in this field.
Amendment 89 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5a) Nothing in this directive shall have the effect of altering the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Member States, humanitarian organisations and individuals under international law. The activities of parties to armed conflict, which are governed by international humanitarian law within the meaning of these terms under that law, and, inasmuch as they are governed by other rules of international law, are not governed by this Directive. Humanitarian activities carried out by impartial humanitarian organisations internationally recognised should not be considered as contributing to the criminal activities of terrorist groups.
Amendment 93 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) The offences related to terrorist activities are of a very serious nature as they have the potential to lead to the commission of terrorist offences and enable terrorists and terrorist groups to maintain and further develop their criminal activities, justifying the criminalisation of such conduct.
Amendment 102 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) The offenses related to public provocation to commit a terrorist offence act may comprise, inter alia, the glorification and justification of terrorism or the dissemination of messages or images including those related to the victims of terrorism as a way to gain publicity for the terrorists cause or seriously intimidating the population, provided that such behaviour causes a danger that terrorist acts may be committed. To strengthen action against public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, Member States may take measures to remove webpages publicly inciting to commit terrorist offences. Such measures should be taken after adequate control by the judicial authority, in order to guarantee their proportionality and the full respect of fundamental rights and procedural safeguards.
Amendment 107 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) Considering the seriousness of the threat and the need to in particular stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters, it is necessary to criminalise the travelling abroad for terrorist purposes, being not only the commission of terrorist offences and providing or receiving training but also to participate in the activities of a terrorist group. Any act of. The act of travelling should be criminalised only when the terrorist purpose of the travel is proven by objective circumstances and facilitation of such travel should also be criminalised.
Amendment 118 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Terrorist financing should be punishable in the Member States and cover the financing of terrorist acts, the financing of a terrorist group, as well as other offences related to terrorist activities, such as the recruitment and training, or travel for terrorist purposes, with a view to disruptiIn a coherent manner with Directive 2015/849/EU on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, terrorism funding should be punishable in the Member States and cover the financing of terrorist acts, the financing of a terrorist group, as well as travels for terrorist purposes. Any physical or legal person sanctioned for terrorism financing shall be allowed to challenge the support structures facilitating the commission of terrorist offences. Aiding and abetting or attempting terrorist finrelevant decision rapidly and effectively before anc ing should also be punishabledependent authority.
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10 a (new)
Recital 10 a (new)
(10a) Given the convergence between organised crime and terrorist groups, fighting against organised crime should be part of any strategy in the fight against the financing of terrorism.
Amendment 130 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) Furthermore, tThe provision of material support for terrorism through persons engaging in or acting as intermediaries in the supply or movement of services, assets and goods, including trade transactions involving the entry into or exit from the Union should be punishable in the Member States, as aiding and abetting terrorism or as terrorism financing if performed with the knowledge that these operations or the proceeds thereof are intended to be used, in full or in part, for terrorist purposes or will, including smuggling of cultural heritage items, should be punishable in the Member States, if performed with the intent of benefiting terrorist groups.
Amendment 137 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) The attempt to travel abroad for terrorist purposes, shouldMember States may punish the attempt to travel outside the Union when such a travel results, from objectives circumstances, to be punishable, as well as the attempt toequivocally directed to commit terrorist acts or receiving or provideing training and recruitment for terrorismt purposes.
Amendment 140 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) With regard to the criminal offences provided for in this Directive, the notion of intention must apply to all the elements constituting those offences. The intentional nature of an act or omission mayshould be inferred from objective, factual circumstances.
Amendment 144 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) Furthermore, pPenalties should be provided for natural and legal persons having committed or being liable for such offences, which reflect the seriousness of such offences.
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Jurisdictional rules should be established to ensure that the terrorist offences of cross-border nature may be effectively prosecuted. In particular, it appears necessary to establish jurisdiction for the offences committed by the providers of training for terrorism, whatever their nationality, in view of the possible effects of such behaviours on the territory of the Union and of the close material connexion between the offences of providing and receiving training for terrorism.
Amendment 152 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15 a (new)
Recital 15 a (new)
(15a) To ensure the success of investigations and prosecution of terrorist offences, offences related to a terrorist group and offences related to terrorist activities, those responsible for investigating and prosecuting such offences shall have the possibility to make use of effective investigative tools such as those used in combating organised crime and other serious crimes. Such tools should be proportionate to the nature and gravity of the offences under investigation. In order to ensure the respect of the fundamental rights and freedom and the presumption of innocence and effective procedural safeguards, the use of such investigative tools should always be subject to the control of a judicial authority, and mass surveillance should never be allowed. Every individual should dispose of effective remedies to challenge any violation of his fundamental rights.
Amendment 156 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15 b (new)
Recital 15 b (new)
(15b) In order to prevent and combat terrorism, a closer cross-border cooperation among the competent national authorities is needed with regard to timely exchange of relevant information from court records or other available sources on detainees and persons who are or have been subject to criminal proceedings or assets freezing.
Amendment 164 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Member State should adopt specific measures of protection, support and assistance responding to the specific needs of victims of terrorism, further qualifying and deepening the rights already contained in the Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and the Council28 . Victims of terrorism are those defined in Article 12 of the Directive 2012/29/EU, in relation to terrorist offences as referred to in Article 3. The measures to be taken by Member States should ensure that in the event of a terrorist attack, the victims of terrorism will obtain emotional and psychological support, including trauma support and counselling, and any relevant legal, practical or financial information and advice. __________________ 28 Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA of 15 March 2001(OJ L 315, 14.11.2012 p. 37).
Amendment 175 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) Member States should co-operate among each-other to ensure that access to information about the victims' rights, about available support services and about accessible compensation schemes is provided to all victims of terrorism. Moreover the Member States should ensure that victims of terrorism have access to a long-term support services in the country of their residence, even if the terrorist offence took place in another EU country.
Amendment 178 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 17 a (new)
Recital 17 a (new)
(17a) Repressive measures should be complemented by long-term policies to prevent the radicalisation and recruitment by terrorist organisations. Strategies on social inclusion, education, and policies tackling discrimination and exclusion to stop vulnerable individuals joining violent extremist organisations, as well as the provision of effective exit-programmes and exit-strategies, are crucial to countering terrorism.
Amendment 185 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 18
Recital 18
(18) Given that the objectives of this Directive cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States unilaterally and can therefore, because of the need for European-wide harmonised rules, be better achieved at the level of the Union, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on the European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article 5, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
Amendment 190 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19
Recital 19
(19) This Directive respects the principles recognised by, in accordance with Article 2 and 6 of the Treaty on the European Union, respects fundamental rights and freedoms and observesthe European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and other relevant obligations under international law, should not have the effect of requiring Member States to take measures arbitrarily or unnecessarily limiting fundamental rights and freedoms and the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, including those set out in Chapters II, III, V and VI thereof which encompass inter alia the right to liberty and security, freedom of expression and information, freedom of association and freedom of thought conscience and religion, the general prohibition of discrimination in particular on grounds of race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, the right to respect for private and family life and the right to protection of personal data, the principle of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties, covering also the requirement of precision, clarity and foreseeability in criminal law, the presumption of innocence as well as freedom of movement as set forth in Article 21(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Directive 2004/38/EC. This Directive has to be interpreted and implemented in accordance with these rights and principles.
Amendment 196 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The implementation of the criminalisation under this Directive should be proportional to the nature and circumstances of the offenceach case, with respect to the legitimate aims pursued and to their necessity in a democratic society, and should exclude any form of arbitrariness or discrimination.
Amendment 201 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21
Recital 21
(21) Theis Directive should replaces Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA29 for the Member States bound by this Directive. __________________ 29 As amended by Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008 amending Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA (OJ L 330, 9.12.2008, p. 21).
Amendment 205 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1
Article 1 – paragraph 1
This Directive establishes minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions in the area of terrorist offences, offences related to a terrorist group and offences related to terrorist activities, as well as specific measures of protection of and assistance and support to victims of terrorism.
Amendment 208 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) "terrorist group" shall mean: a structured group of more than two persons, established over a significant period of time and acting in concert to commit various terrorist offences
Amendment 212 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) "Structured group" shall mean a group that have the purpose and the potential of committing various terrorist offences, that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.
Amendment 220 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) undulysing violence or the threat of violence to compelling a Government or international organisation to perform or abstain from performing any act,
Amendment 236 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – point i
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – point i
(i) seriously threatening to commit any of the acts listed in points (a) to (hc).
Amendment 241 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
1. Each Member State shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the following acts, when committed intentionally and unlawfully, are punishable as a criminal offence:
Amendment 242 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) participating in the activities of a terrorist group, including by supplying information or material resources, or by funding its activities in any way, with knowledge of the fact that such participation will significantly contribute to the criminalterrorist activities of the terrorist group.
Amendment 245 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
The provision of humanitarian activities by internationally recognised humanitarian organizations shall not be considered as contributing to the criminal activities of the terrorist groups.
Amendment 249 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the distribution, or otherwise making available, of a message to the public, with the clear intent to incite the commission of one of the offences listed in points (a) to (h) of Article 3(2), where such conduct, whether or not directly advocating terrorist offences, causes a substantial and imminent danger that one or more such offences may be committed, is punishable as a criminal offence when committed intentionally and unlawfully.
Amendment 259 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 a (new)
Article 5 a (new)
Article 5a Fundamental principles relating to freedom of expression 1. This Directive shall not have the effect of requiring Member States to take measures in contradiction to fundamental rights and principles, especially those relating to freedom of thought and expression, in particular for the press and other media, as they result from fundamental principles governing the rights and responsibilities of, and the procedural guarantees for, the press or other media where these rules relate to the determination or limitation of liability. 2. Nothing in this Directive should be interpreted as being intended to reduce or restrict the dissemination of information for scientific, academic or reporting purposes. The expression of radical, polemic or controversial views in the public debate on sensitive political questions, including terrorism, falls outside the scope of this Directive and, in particular, of the definition of public provocation to commit terrorist offences.
Amendment 280 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – title
Article 9 – title
Travelling abroad for the purpose of terrorism
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 1
Article 9 – paragraph 1
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that travelling to another country for the purpose of the commission of or contribution to a terrorist offence referred to in Article 3, the participation in the activities ofoutside the Union which is not that of traveller's nationality or residence, directly or by transiting through one or several Member States, for the purpose of the commission of or contribution to a terrorist groupoffence referred to in Article 43, or the providing or receiving of training for terrorism referred to in Articles 7 and 8 is punishable as a criminal offence when committed intentionally.
Amendment 290 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – title
Article 10 – title
Organising or otherwise facilitating travelling abroad for the purpose of terrorism
Amendment 291 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1
Article 10 – paragraph 1
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that any act of organisation or facilitation that assistsing or any acts that makes possible for any person into travelling abroad for the purpose of terrorism, as referred to in Article 9, knowing that the assistance thus rendered is for that purpose, is punishable as a criminal offence when committed intentionally and unlawfully. Member States may not punish those whose assistance to the traveller is justified only by family reasons.
Amendment 294 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 1
Article 11 – paragraph 1
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that providing or collecting funds, by any means, directly or indirectly, with the intent that they should be used, or knowing that they are to be used, in full or in part, to commit any of the offence(s)s referred to in Articles 3 to 10 and 12 to 14 or 16, 4 and 9 is punishable as a criminal offence when committed intentionally.
Amendment 324 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 1
For an offence referred to in Article 4 and Title III to be punishable, it shall not be necessary that a terrorist offence be actually committed, nor shall it be necessary to establish a link to a specific terrorist offence or, insofar as the offences in Articles 9 to 11 are concerned, to specific offences related to terrorist activities.
Amendment 326 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 1
Article 16 – paragraph 1
1. Each Member State shall take the necessary measures to ensure that aiding or abetting an offence referred to in Articles 3 to 8, 6, 7 and 112 to 14 is made punishable.
Amendment 330 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 2
2. Each Member State shall take the necessary measures to ensure that inciting an offence referred to in Articles 3 to 14 is made punishable when it provokes the commission of, or the attempt to commit, one of those offences.
Amendment 332 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 3
Article 16 – paragraph 3
3. Each Member State shall take the necessary measures to ensure that attempting to commit an offence referred to in Articles 3, 6, 7, 9 and 112 to 14, with the exception of possession as provided for in point (f) of Article 3(2) and the offence referred to in pointoffences laid down in point (f) to (i) of Article 3(2), is made punishable.
Amendment 338 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. In line with Directive 2014/42/EU, Member States should provide for the freezing and confiscation of assets used to commit or resulting from the commission of the offences laid down in this directive.
Amendment 340 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – title
Article 18 – title
Amendment 341 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point a
Amendment 343 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point b – introductory part
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point b – introductory part
(b) provides the administrative or judicial authorities with information which they would not otherwise have been able to obtain, helping them to:
Amendment 344 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point b – point 2
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point b – point 2
(2) identify or bring to justice the other offenders;
Amendment 351 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point e a (new)
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point e a (new)
(ea) freezing and confiscation of assets used for or resulting from the commission of one of the criminal offences laid down in this directive, as provided by Directive 2014/42/EU.
Amendment 360 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 a (new)
Article 21 a (new)
Article 21a Fundamental rights and principles 1. This Directive shall not have the effect of altering the obligation to respect fundamental rights and principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union, as well as in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and International humanitarian law, and shall be implemented and interpreted in accordance with these rights and principles. 2. Any restriction to fundamental rights and freedoms must be provided for by the law and be necessary and proportionate for the aim pursued. 3. Any person whose fundamental rights and freedoms have been violated in the exercise of counter-terrorism powers or the application of counter-terrorism law shall have the right to a speedy, effective and enforceable judicial remedy.
Amendment 377 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 22 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Member States shall ensure that measures are available to protect victims of terrorism and their family members, in accordance with Directive 2012/29/EU. With this regard, in the course of criminal proceedings particular attention shall be paid to the risk of intimidation and retaliation and to the need to protect the physical and mental integrity of victims of terrorism, including during questioning and testifying.
Amendment 398 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1
Article 23 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that their competent authorities cooperate among each other to ensure access to information for victims of terrorism who are residents of a Member State other than that one where the terrorist offence was committed. The access to information shall include in particular information about the victims' rights, available support services and accessible compensation schemes. Compensation should be granted to the victims for their participation in the criminal proceedings.