Activities of Paul TANG related to 2020/2017(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
Artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector (debate)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector
Amendments (15)
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Underlines that the use of AI in the education, culture and audiovisual sectors shouldneed to fully respect fundamental rights, freedoms and values as enshrined in the EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union; welcomes the Commission’s White Paper on Artificial Intelligence in this regard, , including privacy, the protection of personal data, non- discrimination and the freedom of expression and information, as enshrined in the EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union; Calls in that regard on the Commission to implement an obligation of transparency and explainability of AI applications, penalties to enforce such obligations, the necessity of humand invitervention, as well as othe Commission to include the educationalr measures, such as independent audits and spector in the regulatory framework for high-risk AI applicationsific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 – indent 1 (new)
Paragraph 1 – indent 1 (new)
- Such independent audits should be conducted annually, in analogy with the financial sector, to examine whether the used AI-applications and checks and balances are in accordance with specified criteria and are supervised by an independent sufficient overseeing authority;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. Emphasises that the rapid development of AI requires a strong futureproof legislative framework to protect personal data and privacy; Stresses therefore in this regard that all AI applications need to fully respect Union data protection law, namely Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (GDPR)1a and Directive (EC) 2002/58 of the European Parliament and of the Council (ePrivacy)1b currently under revision, freedom of expression and non- discrimination; _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1). 1bDirective 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) (OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p. 37).
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1 b. Notes that AI is often used for automated decision making algorithms to disseminate and order the content shown to the users, including to organise their personal feed; Stresses that these algorithms, how they work and how they order the shown material, are a black box to users, which takes away choice and control from the user, enables the creation of echo chambers and leads to a distrust in digital services; Calls on the Commission to compel AI applications to offer content by default in a neutral order, and to increase user control to influence the content they see by default;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Recalls that AI may give rise to biases and thus to various forms of discrimination; in this regard, r, such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation; Recalls that everyone’s rights must be ensured and that AI initiatives that lead to discriminatory processes should not be allowbe strictly forbidden and sanctioned;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Notes that AI-poweredthe use of AI in education brings a wide range of possibilities and opportunities, for instance to understand how pupils learn and to offer them customisation, while at the same time posing risks regarding equal access to education and, learning equalities; calls for the non-discriminatory use of AI in the education sector; recalls the risks and discrimination arising from recently developed AI tools used f and regarding innovation; Recalls that following education is not restricted to any age; Recalls the risks and discrimination arising from AI tools used for school admission; Recalls the necessity for equal access to data in order to balance innovation; Observes that there is in some Member States a large market penetration in educational technology (edtech) of a few private companies; Emphasises that (educational) data of minors is strictly protected by the GDPR and thus difficult to share between these private companies and other (research) entities and can only be shared if completely made anonymously; Calls therefore for non-discriminatory use of AI in the education sector, school admission; trict enforcement of data protection regulation, measures to ensure competition on the edtech market and public initiatives and a sufficient data sharing infrastructure between AI- applications and public research entities.
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Underlines the need for transparency and explicainability of AI algorithms and the possibility of human verification and for due process, including the right of appeal, especially for decisions taken within the framework of prerogatives of public power;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Notes that AI tools have the potential to fight illegal content online in order to let the principle what is illegal offline is illegal online prevail, but strongly recalls, ahead of the Digital Services Act expected for the end of this year, that such tools should always respect fundamental rights, especially freedom of expression, and should not lead to a general monitoring of the internet;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8 a. Notes that AI is used to analyse or predict aspects concerning individual's personal preferences, interests or behaviour, for profiling; Emphasises that the quality of output of automated decision making AI is subject to the quality of used data and the chosen predetermined parameters; Stresses that the use of automated decision making AI requires a strong legislative framework which protects privacy and personal data, and together with a duty of care obligation overseeing the legitimate use of the AI, that does not apply to content moderation, ensures full compliance; Calls therefore on the Commission to work out a duty of care regime through detailed sectoral guidelines in order to use automated decision making algorithms in compliance with the fundamental rights of protection of personal data and privacy, laid down in the General Data Protection Regulation1a; _________________ 1aRecital 71 and article 22 General Data Protection Regulation
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Notes the benefits and risks of AI in terms of cybersecurity and emphasises the need for any AI solutions to be resilient to cyberattacks while respecting EU fundamental rights, especially the protection of personal data and privacy; calls on the Commission to evaluate the need for better prevention in terms of cybersecurity and mitigation measures thereof.
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9 b. Observes that AI is used to manipulate face- and audiovisual characteristics, often referred to as deepfakes; Notes that this technique can be used to manipulate elections, to disseminate disinformation and for other undersirable actions; Asks the Commission therefore to impose an obligation for all deepfake material or any other realistically made synthetic videos, to state it's not original and a strict limitation when used for electoral purposes;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Paragraph 9 c (new)
9 c. Emphasises the importance of the protection of personal data and privacy; Observes the rapid development of AI applications to recognise unique characteristic elements, such as facial, movements and attitudes; Warns for interferences of privacy, non- discrimination and the protection of personal data with the use of automated recognition applications; Calls on the Commission to consider an absolute ban on facial recognition in the public space and educational premises and a ban on not local storage of data used for facial recognition;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 d (new)
Paragraph 9 d (new)
9 d. Reckons the possibilities of AI in the culture sector to develop music, art and other cultural expressions; Emphasises that the freedom of expression is an important freedom and value and a pluriform cultural landscape is of great value to the society; Calls on the Commission to keep these values in mind while drafting its proposals on AI;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 e (new)
Paragraph 9 e (new)
9 e. Recalls the importance of linguistic and cultural diversity in the EU and they key role played by the cultural, audio-visual and educational sectors in promoting European diversity; Calls therefore on the Commission to not let AI algorithms reduce this diversity, but to keep offer access to a wide variety of content which would not over-represent a single language and/or cultural model and to condemn any attempts from algorithms which would restrict this diversity and only offer content corresponding to some already existing patterns or which could act as an 'echo- chamber' that would prevent access to more diversity;