Activities of Massimiliano SALINI related to 2023/0042(COD)
Plenary speeches (1)
Strengthening the CO2 emission performance targets for new heavy-duty vehicles (debate)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 as regards strengthening the CO₂ emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles and integrating reporting obligations, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/956
Amendments (133)
Amendment 28 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In order to contribute to the reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55 % by 2030 compared to 1990 and in conformity with the energy efficiency first principle, it is necessary to strengthenassess the reduction requirements set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 for heavy-duty vehicles. A clear pathway also needs to be set for further reductions beyond 2030 to contribute to achieving the climate neutrality objective by 2050.
Amendment 33 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In order to contribute to the reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55 % by 2030 compared to 1990 and in conformity with the energy efficiency first principle, it is necessary to strengthenassess the reduction requirements set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 for heavy-duty vehicles. A clear pathway also needs to be set for further reductions beyond 2030 to contribute to achieving the climate neutrality objective by 2050.
Amendment 34 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) The strengthened CO2 emission reduction requirements should incentivise an increasing share of zero-emission vehicles being deployed on the Union market whilst providing benefits to users and citizens in terms of air quality and energy savings, as well as ensuring that innovation in the automotive value chain can be maintained. Zero-emission vehicles currently include battery electric vehicles, fuel-cell and other hydrogen-powered vehicles, and technological innovations are continuing.
Amendment 36 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) Following consultation with stakeholders, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the Commission should make a proposal for registering heavy-duty vehicles running exclusively on CO2 neutral fuels for compliance purposes in conformity with EU law and with the Union’s climate neutrality objective.
Amendment 39 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) The strengthened CO2 emission reduction requirements should incentivise an increasing share of zero-emission vehicles being deployed on the Union market whilst providing benefits to users and citizens in terms of air quality and energy savings, as well as ensuring that innovation in the automotive value chain can be maintained. Zero-emission vehicles currently include battery electric vehicles, fuel-cell and other hydrogen-powered vehicles, and technological innovations are continuing.
Amendment 40 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Against that background, new strengthened CO2 emission reduction targets should be set for new heavy-duty vehicles for the period 2030 onwards. Those targets should be set at a level that will deliver a strong signal to accelerateconsistent with the availability of enabling conditions, namely sufficiently dense network of alternative fuels infrastructure, with the aim of promoting the uptake of zero-emission vehicles on the Union market and to stimulate innovation in zero-emission technologies in a cost- efficient way.
Amendment 41 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
Amendment 47 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Against that background, new strengthened CO2 emission reduction targets should be set for new heavy-duty vehicles for the period 2030 onwards. Those targets should be set at a level that will deliver a strong signal to accelerateconsistent with the availability of enabling conditions, namely sufficiently dense network of alternative fuels infrastructure, with the aim of promoting the uptake of zero-emission vehicles on the Union market and to stimulate innovation in zero-emission technologies in a cost- efficient way.
Amendment 52 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12 a (new)
Recital 12 a (new)
(12a) The development of infrastructures and charging points for electric vehicles must take place in a uniform and equal manner, taking into account also rural and remote areas. For long-distance journeys, the use of electric vehicles is still limited, due to the insufficient development of the appropriate infrastructure.
Amendment 57 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14a) Commercial vehicles are essential tools for the movement of goods and people, being thus fundamental for the European economy. Accessibility for customers, long recharging times, combined with the absence of adequate infrastructure and the reduced load capacity are elements that could hamper the rapid transition to zero-emission technologies
Amendment 58 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Due to the heterogeneous structure of the total truck fleet, it is not possible to fully predict whether for all niche uses, technological developments will be quick enough to ensure that zero-emission tailpipe technology is a viable choice. This may include uses such as long-haul heavy- duty vehicles in specific territorial morphology and meteorological circumstances, coaches and lorries for critical security and safety applications that cannot be fulfilled by zero-emission tailpipe technologies. The vehicles in question should constitute a limited share of the entire heavy-duty vehicle fleet. In view of such considerations, some margin in the 2040 target should be left to accommodate developments in technology yet to occur. It is important to assess the full life-cycle CO2 emissions from heavy- duty vehicles at Union level. To that end, the Commission should evaluate, not later than one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission should adopt follow-up measures, including, where appropriate, legislative proposals.
Amendment 75 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In order to contribute to the reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55 % by 2030 compared to 1990 and in conformity with the energy efficiency first principle, it is necessary to strengthenassess the reduction requirements set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 for heavy-duty vehicles. A clear pathway also needs to be set for further reductions beyond 2030 to contribute to achieving the climate neutrality objective by 2050.
Amendment 80 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) The strengthened CO2 emission reduction requirements should incentivise an increasing share of zero-emission vehicles being deployed on the Union market whilst providing benefits to users and citizens in terms of air quality and energy savings, as well as ensuring that innovation in the automotive value chain can be maintained. Zero-emission vehicles currently include battery electric vehicles, fuel-cell and other hydrogen-powered vehicles, and technological innovations are continuing.
Amendment 81 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Due to the heterogeneous structure of the total truck fleet, it is not possible to fully predict whether for all niche uses, technological developments will be quick enough to ensure that zero-emission tailpipe technology is a viable choice. This may include uses such as long-haul heavy- duty vehicles in specific territorial morphology and meteorological circumstances, coaches and lorries for critical security and safety applications that cannot be fulfilled by zero-emission tailpipe technologies. The vehicles in question should constitute a limited share of the entire heavy-duty vehicle fleet. In view of such considerations, some margin in the 2040 target should be left to accommodate developments in technology yet to occur. It is important to assess the full life-cycle CO2 emissions from heavy- duty vehicles at Union level. To that end, the Commission should evaluate, not later than one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission should adopt follow-up measures, including, where appropriate, legislative proposals.
Amendment 82 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Vocational vehicles, such as garbage trucks, tippers or concrete mixers, should continue to be exempted from the calculation of average specific CO2 emissions of manufacturers. On the other hand, zero-and-Low emission vocational vehicles could be used for the purpose of this Regulation and for the purpose of determining manufacturer’s compliance with its specific CO2 emissions targets.
Amendment 83 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) Following consultation with stakeholders, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the Commission should make a proposal for registering heavy-duty vehicles running exclusively on CO2 neutral fuels for compliance purposes in conformity with EU law and with the Union’s climate neutrality objective.
Amendment 86 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23
Recital 23
Amendment 90 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) Against that background, new strengthened CO2 emission reduction targets should be set for new heavy-duty vehicles for the period 2030 onwards. Those targets should be set at a level that will deliver a strong signal to accelerateconsistent with the availability of enabling conditions, namely sufficiently dense network of alternative fuels infrastructure, with the aim of promoting the uptake of zero-emission vehicles on the Union market and to stimulate innovation in zero-emission technologies in a cost- efficient way.
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) The zero- and low-emission factor should last be applied for the reporting period of the year 20239, because it is no longer considered necessary after that time as an incein order to contivnue to promote the market entrance of zero-emission vehicles in the HDV sector.
Amendment 102 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Vocational vehicles, such as garbage trucks, tippers or concrete mixers, should continue to be exempted from the calculation of average specific CO2 emissions of manufacturers. On the other hand, zero-and-Low emission vocational vehicles could be used for the purpose of this Regulation and for the purpose of determining manufacturer’s compliance with its specific CO2 emissions targets.
Amendment 102 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12 a (new)
Recital 12 a (new)
(12a) The development of infrastructures and charging points for electric vehicles must take place in a uniform and equal manner, taking into account also rural and remote areas. For long-distance journeys, the use of electric vehicles is still limited, due to the insufficient development of the appropriate infrastructure.
Amendment 104 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23
Recital 23
Amendment 105 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 29
Recital 29
Amendment 107 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14a) Commercial vehicles are essential tools for the movement of goods and people, being thus fundamental for the European economy. Accessibility for customers, long recharging times, combined with the absence of adequate infrastructure and the reduced load capacity are elements that could hamper the rapid transition to zero-emission technologies.
Amendment 111 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) Due to the heterogeneous structure of the total truck fleet, it is not possible to fully predict whether for all niche uses, technological developments will be quick enough to ensure that zero-emission tailpipe technology is a viable choice. This may include uses such as long-haul heavy- duty vehicles in specific territorial morphology and meteorological circumstances, coaches and lorries for critical security and safety applications that cannot be fulfilled by zero-emission tailpipe technologies. The vehicles in question should constitute a limited share of the entire heavy-duty vehicle fleet. In view of such considerations, some margin in the 2040 target should be left to accommodate developments in technology yet to occur. It is important to assess the full life-cycle CO2 emissions from heavy- duty vehicles at Union level. To that end, the Commission should evaluate, not later than one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission should adopt follow-up measures, including, where appropriate, legislative proposals.
Amendment 114 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 42 a (new)
Recital 42 a (new)
(42a) This regulation aims to accelerate the transition towards carbon neutral mobility in a technologically neutral way. As a complement to the efforts towards an increasing availability of zero emission vehicles, a mechanism based on a carbon correction factor is introduced to duly account the contribution from the use of sustainable renewable transport fuels including biofuels, biomass fuels as well as RFNBOs when assessing the compliance with CO2 emissions reductions of newly registered heavy-duty vehicles.
Amendment 116 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) The zero- and low-emission factor should last be applied for the reporting period of the year 20239, because it is no longer considered necessary after that time as an incein order to contivnue to promote the market entrance of zero-emission vehicles in the HDV sector.
Amendment 119 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
(b) N1, which do not fall under Regulation (EU) 2019/631, N22 with a technically permissible maximum laden mass above 5 tons and N3;
Amendment 121 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
(ca) It shall also apply, for the purposes of this Regulation, to zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles.
Amendment 123 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 29
Recital 29
Amendment 133 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 42 a (new)
Recital 42 a (new)
(42a) This regulation aims to accelerate the transition towards carbon neutral mobility in a technologically neutral way. As a complement to the efforts towards an increasing availability of zero emission vehicles, a mechanism based on a carbon correction factor is introduced to duly account the contribution from the use of sustainable renewable transport fuels including biofuels, biomass fuels as well as RFNBOs when assessing the compliance with CO2 emissions reductions of newly registered heavy-duty vehicles.
Amendment 137 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Recital 21 – paragraph 5
Vocational vehicles, such as garbage trucks, tippers or concrete mixers, should continue to be exempted from the calculation of average specific CO2 emissions of manufacturers. On the other hand, zero-and-Low emission vocational vehicles could be used for the purpose of this Regulation and for the purpose of determining manufacturer’s compliance with its specific CO2 emissions targets.
Amendment 138 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) N1, which do not fall under Regulation (EU) 2019/631, N22 (a) with a technically permissible maximum laden mass above 5 tons and N3;
Amendment 141 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – point 23 a (new)
Article 3 – point 23 a (new)
(23a) 'CO 2 Neutral Fuel’ means a renewable and/or synthetic fuel as defined by Directive 2018/2001 including biofuel, biogas, biomass fuel, Renewable liquid and gaseous transport Fuel of Non Biological Origin RFNBO or a Recycled Carbon Fuel RCF, where the emissions of the fuel in use ( e u ) is taken to be net zero. Other renewable and/or synthetic fuels not listed in Directive 2018/2001 can fulfil this definition provided that they meet the above criteria and the sustainability criteria of said Directive and associated delegated acts.
Amendment 142 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point c
(ca) It shall also apply, for the purposes of this Regulation, to zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles.
Amendment 144 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 23
Recital 23
Amendment 149 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – paragraph 23 b new
Article 3 – paragraph 23 b new
(23b) ‘Carbon Correction Factor (CCF)’ means a factor which applies a correction to the CO2 tailpipe emissions of vehicles for compliance assessment, to reflect the GHG emission intensity and the share of CO 2 Neutral fuels, as defined in Article 3 (23a) of this Regulation.
Amendment 155 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – paragraph 2
Article 3 – paragraph 2
Amendment 157 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – point 23 a (new)
Article 3 – point 23 a (new)
(23a) ‘CO2 Neutral Fuel’ means a renewable and/or synthetic fuel as defined by Directive 2018/2001 including biofuel, biogas, biomass fuel, Renewable liquid and gaseous transport Fuel of Non Biological Origin RFNBO or a Recycled Carbon Fuel RCF, where the emissions of the fuel in use ( e u ) is taken to be net zero. Other renewable and/or synthetic fuels not listed in Directive 2018/2001 can fulfil this definition provided that they meet the above criteria and the sustainability criteria of said Directive and associated delegated acts.
Amendment 160 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – point 23 b (new)
Article 3 – point 23 b (new)
(23b) ‘Carbon Correction Factor (CCF)’ means a factor which applies a correction to the CO2 tailpipe emissions of vehicles for compliance assessment, to reflect the GHG emission intensity and the share of CO2 Neutral fuels, as defined in Article 3 (23a) of this Regulation.
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) The zero- and low-emission factor should last be applied for the reporting period of the year 20239, because it is no longer considered necessary after that time as an incein order to contivnue to promote the market entrance of zero-emission vehicles in the HDV sector.
Amendment 164 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – new paragraph
Article 3 – new paragraph
Amendment 165 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2030 to 2034 by 4530 %,
Amendment 169 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 a (new)
Article 3 a (new)
(b) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2030 to 2034 by 4530 %,
Amendment 172 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 a – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 3 a – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2035 to 2039 by 650 %,
Amendment 174 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 29
Recital 29
Amendment 176 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 a (new)
Article 3 a (new)
(c) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2035 to 2039 by 650 %,
Amendment 177 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 a – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 3 a – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2040 onwards by 970%.
Amendment 188 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 a (new)
Article 3 a (new)
(d) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2040 onwards by 970%.
Amendment 189 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 42 a (new)
Recital 42 a (new)
(42a) This regulation aims to accelerate the transition towards carbon neutral mobility in a technologically neutral way. As a complement to the efforts towards an increasing availability of zero emission vehicles, a mechanism based on a carbon correction factor is introduced to duly account the contribution from the use of sustainable renewable transport fuels including biofuels, biomass fuels as well as RFNBOs when assessing the compliance with CO2 emissions reductions of newly registered heavy-duty vehicles.
Amendment 189 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
1. For vehicles referred to in point 4.2 of Annex I, manufacturers shall comply with the minimum shares of zero-emission vehicles in their fleet of new heavy-duty vehicles as laid down in point 4.3 of Annex I. For new urban buses the share of zero- emissions vehicles shall be 80% as from the reporting period of the year 2030 and 100% as from the reporting period of the year 2030.5;
Amendment 195 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point b
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point b
(b) N1, which do not fall under Regulation (EU) 2019/631, N22 with a technically permissible maximum laden mass above 5 tons and N3;
Amendment 197 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 b – paragraph 1
Article 3 b – paragraph 1
1. For vehicles referred to in point 4.2 of Annex I, manufacturers shall comply with the minimum shares of zero-emission vehicles in their fleet of new heavy-duty vehicles as laid down in point 4.3 of Annex I. For new urban buses the share of zero- emissions vehicles shall be 1080% as from the reporting period of the year 2030. as from the reporting period of the year 2035;
Amendment 200 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point c a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point c a (new)
(ca) It shall also apply, for the purposes of this Regulation, to zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles.
Amendment 218 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) the data reported for the manufacturer’s new heavy-duty vehicles registered in the preceding reporting period, including zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles; and;
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) the data reported for the manufacturer’s new heavy-duty vehicles registered in the preceding reporting period, including zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles; and;
Amendment 220 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
(5a) in Article 4, first paragraph, the following point (ba) is inserted: (ba) the application of the Carbon Correction Factor (CCF) determined in accordance with paragraph7 (new) of Annex I.
Amendment 225 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 a (new)
Article 4 a (new)
(5b) the following Articles 4a is inserted: Following consultation with stakeholders, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the Commission shall develop a methodology for registering heavy-duty vehicles running exclusively on CO2 neutral fuels for compliance purposes in conformity with EU law and with the Union’s climate neutrality objective.
Amendment 227 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 23 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 23 a (new)
(23a) 'CO 2 Neutral Fuel’ means a renewable and/or synthetic fuel as defined by Directive 2018/2001 including biofuel, biogas, biomass fuel, Renewable liquid and gaseous transport Fuel of Non Biological Origin RFNBO or a Recycled Carbon Fuel RCF, where the emissions of the fuel in use (eu) is taken to be net zero. Other renewable and/or synthetic fuels not listed in Directive 2018/2001 can fulfil this definition provided that they meet the above criteria and the sustainability criteria of said Directive and associated delegated acts;
Amendment 228 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Starting from 1 July 2020 and for each subsequent reporting period until the reporting period of the year 2029, the Commission shall determine for each manufacturer the zero- and low-emission factor for the preceding reporting period.
Amendment 230 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(5a) in Article 4, first paragraph, the following point (c) is inserted: (c) the application of the Carbon Correction Factor (CCF) determined in accordance with paragraph 7 (new) of Annex I.
Amendment 234 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(5b) Art. 4 a (new): Following consultation with stakeholders, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the Commission shall develop a methodology for registering heavy-duty vehicles running exclusively on CO2 neutral fuels for compliance purposes in conformity with EU law and with the Union’s climate neutrality objective.
Amendment 235 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 1
Starting from 1 July 2020 and for each subsequent reporting period until the reporting period of the year 2029, the Commission shall determine for each manufacturer the zero- and low-emission factor for the preceding reporting period.
Amendment 236 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 4
Article 5 – paragraph 4
4. The zero-emission and low- emission factor shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 310 %. The contribution to that factor of the zero-emission vehicles of category N, other than those in vehicles sub-groups 4-UD, 4-RD, 4-LH, 5-RD, 5- LH, 9-RD, 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH, shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 1,53 %.;
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 6 a – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 6 a – paragraph 1 – point b
Amendment 240 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point i
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 23 b (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 23 b (new)
(23b) ‘Carbon Correction Factor (CCF)’ means a factor which applies a correction to the CO2 tailpipe emissions of vehicles for compliance assessment, to reflect the GHG emission intensity and the share of CO 2 Neutral fuels, as defined in Article 3 (23a) of this Regulation;
Amendment 243 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 4
Article 5 – paragraph 4
4. The zero-emission and low- emission factor shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 3 10%. The contribution to that factor of the zero-emission vehicles of category N, other than those in vehicles sub-groups 4-UD, 4-RD, 4-LH, 5-RD, 5- LH, 9-RD, 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH, shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 1,5 3%.;
Amendment 244 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4
Emission credits and emission debts acquired in the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2039 shall, where applicable, be carried over from one reporting period to the next reporting period. However, any remaining emission debts shall be cleared in the reporting periods of the year 2029, 2034 and 2039.;
Amendment 245 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 6a – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 6a – paragraph 1 – point b
Amendment 248 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – fourth sub–paragraph
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – fourth sub–paragraph
Emission credits and emission debts acquired in the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2039 shall, where applicable, be carried over from one reporting period to the next reporting period. However, any remaining emission debts shall be cleared in the reporting periods of the year 2029, 2034 and 2039.;
Amendment 249 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point j
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3 – paragraph 2
Article 3 – paragraph 2
Amendment 250 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) where, in any of the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2028, 2030 to 2033, 2035 to 2038 the sum of the emission debts reduced by the sum of the emission credits exceeds the emission debt limit referred to in Article 7(1), third subparagraph;
Amendment 253 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 254 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) where, in any of the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2028, 2030 to 2033, 2035 to 2038 the sum of the emission debts reduced by the sum of the emission credits exceeds the emission debt limit referred to in Article 7(1), third subparagraph;
Amendment 257 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 270 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 1
The Commission shall, in 20287, review the effectiveness and impact of this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.
Amendment 271 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
The Commission shall, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, evaluate the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment, and the consistent data reporting, of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the state of the enabling conditions for the market adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles in the Union. In this report, the Commission shall assess in particular, but not limited to, the following elements: (a) registrations of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles in Member States, (b) the deployment of charging and refuelling infrastructure suitable for heavy-duty vehicles in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX AFIR], (c) the implementation of road user charges differentiated by CO2 emissions in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX Eurovignette], (d) the level of the average price of allowances under the new the emissions trading system covering road transport [REFERENCE TO XXX ETS2], (e) other measures that support the uptake of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles. Based on the results of the above assessment and on the evidence of lack of any of the above of conditions, the CO2 targets should be reviewed and excess CO2 emissions premiums according to Art. 8 of this Regulation be waived.
Amendment 272 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2030 to 2034 by 4530 %,
Amendment 277 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15 – first paragraph
Article 15 – first paragraph
The Commission shall, in 20287, review the effectiveness and impact of this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.
Amendment 278 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 2
Article 17 – paragraph 2
The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 3b, Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from [OP, please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation].;
Amendment 278 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15
Article 15
The Commission shall, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, evaluate the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment, and the consistent data reporting, of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market.The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the state of the enabling conditions for the market adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles in the Union.In this report, the Commission shall assess in particular, but not limited to, the following elements: (a) registrations of zero-emission heavy- duty vehicles in Member States, (b) the deployment of charging and refuelling infrastructure suitable for heavy-duty vehicles in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX AFIR], (c) the implementation of road user charges differentiated by CO2 emissions in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX Eurovignette], (d) the level of the average price of allowances under the new the emissions trading system covering road transport [REFERENCE TO XXX ETS2], (e) other measures that support the uptake of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles. Based on the results of the above assessment and on the evidence of lack of any of the above of conditions, the CO2 targets should be reviewed and excess CO2 emissions premiums according to Art. 8 of this Regulation be waived.
Amendment 280 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 3
Article 17 – paragraph 3
The delegation of power referred to in Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.;
Amendment 282 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 6
Article 17 – paragraph 6
(c) in paragraph (6), “Article 11(2), the second subparagraph of Article 13(4) and Article 14(1)” is replaced by the following: “ Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1)”;
Amendment 284 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 2
Article 17 – paragraph 2
The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 3b, Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from [OP, please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation].;
Amendment 285 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2035 to 2039 by 650 %,
Amendment 285 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 3
Article 17 – paragraph 3
The delegation of power referred to in Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.;
Amendment 286 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 6
Article 17 – paragraph 6
(c) in paragraph (6), “Article 11(2), the second subparagraph of Article 13(4) and Article 14(1)” is replaced by the following: “Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1)”;
Amendment 293 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.1
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.1
2.1. Calculation of the specific CO2 emissions of a new heavy-duty vehicle The specific emissions in g/km of a new heavy-duty vehicle v attributed to a sub- group sg or of its primary vehicle shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: 𝐶𝑂2𝑣 = ∑𝑚𝑝𝑊𝑠𝑔,𝑚𝑝 × 𝐶𝑂2𝑣,𝑚𝑝 × (𝟏 ― 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 ) 𝐶𝑂2p𝑣 = ∑𝑚𝑝𝑊𝑠𝑔,𝑚𝑝 × 𝐶𝑂2p𝑣,𝑚𝑝 × (𝟏 ― 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 ) Where, ∑𝑚𝑝 is the sum over all mission profiles mp listed in Table 2; sg is the sub-group to which the new heavy-duty vehicle v has been attributed according to Section 1 of this Annex; Wsg,mp, is the mission profile weight specified in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.3; CO2v,mp is the CO2 emissions in g/km of the new heavy-duty vehicle v determined for a mission profile mp, reported in accordance with Articles 13a and 13b and normalised pursuant to Annex III; CO2pv,mp is the CO2 emissions in g/km of the primary vehicle of the new heavy- duty vehicle v, determined for a mission profile mp, reported in accordance with Articles 13a and 13b; CCFi is the Carbon Correction Factor for the fuel or blend of fuels in use i, as defined in Article 3 and calculated according to paragraph 7 of this Annex. For zero-emissions motor vehicles the values of CO2v,mp and CO2pv,mp shall be set to 0.
Amendment 297 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 3a – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2040 onwards by 970%.
Amendment 299 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.1.1
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.1.1
Vehicle Mission profile (mp)** sub- group (sg)* RDL RDR LHL LHR UDL UDR REL, MUL MUR COL COR RER, LEL, LER 53 0,2508 0,2579 0 0 0,025 0,2511 0 0 0 0 0 54 0,2508 0,2579 0 0 0,025 0,2511 0 0 0 0 0
Amendment 301 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.2
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.2
Amendment 303 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.3 – point 2.3.2 – paragraph 1
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.3 – point 2.3.2 – paragraph 1
2.3.2 Reporting periods from 2025 to 2029onwards […]
Amendment 313 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.3 – point 2.3.3 – paragraph 2
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.3 – point 2.3.3 – paragraph 2
Amendment 316 #
2.1 Calculation of the specific CO2 emissions of a new heavy-duty vehicle The specific emissions in g/km of a new heavy-duty vehicle v attributed to a sub-group sg or of its primary vehicle shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: 𝐶𝑂2𝑣 = ∑𝑊 𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑔,𝑚𝑝 × 𝐶𝑂2𝑣,𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑂2p𝑣 = ∑𝑊 𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑂2𝑣 = ∑𝑚𝑝𝑊𝑠𝑔,𝑚𝑝 × 𝐶𝑂2𝑣,𝑚𝑝××( 𝟏 ― 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 ) 𝐶𝑂2p𝑣 = ∑𝑚𝑝𝑊𝑠𝑔,𝑚𝑝 × 𝐶𝑂2p𝑣,𝑚𝑝 × (𝟏 ― 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 ) Where, ∑𝑚𝑝 is the sum over all mission profiles mp listed in Table 2; sg is the sub-group to which the new heavy-duty vehicle v has been attributed according to Section 1 of this Annex; Wsg,mp, is the mission profile weight specified in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.3; CO2v,mp is the CO2 emissions in g/km of the new heavy-duty vehicle v determined for a mission profile mp, reported in accordance with Articles 13a and 13b and normalised pursuant to Annex III; CO2pv,mp is the CO2 emissions in g/km of the primary vehicle of the new heavy-duty vehicle v, determined for a mission profile mp, reported in accordance with Articles 13a and 13b; and 13b; CCFi is the Carbon Correction Factor for the fuel or blend of fuels in use i, as defined in article 3 point (23b) and calculated according to paragraph 7 of this Annex. For zero-emissions motor vehicles the values of CO2v,mp and CO2pv,mp shall be set to 0.
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.4
Annex I – point 2 – point 2.4
[…] Where, Vzevsg is the number of new zero-emissions heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in a subgroup sg; Vpvsg the number of new heavy-duty vehicles within the sub-group sg, which pursuant to Article 7b shall be accounted for with the CO2 emissions of their primary vehicles in the calculation of the average specific CO2 emissions of point 2.2.; Vsg is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in a, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, in a subgroup sg; V is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer. , including zero-and-low vocational vehicles.
Amendment 320 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 3b – paragraph 1
Article 3b – paragraph 1
1. For vehicles referred to in point 4.2 of Annex I, manufacturers shall comply with the minimum shares of zero-emission vehicles in their fleet of new heavy-duty vehicles as laid down in point 4.3 of Annex I. For new urban buses the share of zero- emissions vehicles shall be 80% as from the reporting period of the year 2030 and 100% as from the reporting period of the year 20305.;
Amendment 321 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2.1.1
Annex I – point 2.1.1
2.1.1. Mission profile weights (Wsg,mp) for vehicles of category N Vehicle Mission profile (mp)** sub- group (sg)* RDL RDR LHL LHR UDL UDR REL, MUL MUR COL COR RER, LEL, LER 53 0,25 08 0,2579 0 0 0,025 0,25 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 0,25 08 0,2579 0 0 0,025 0,25 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1s 0,1 0,3 0 0 0,18 0,42 0 0 0 0 0 1 0,1 0,3 0 0 0,18 0,42 0 0 0 0 0 2 0,125 0,375 0 0 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 3 0,125 0,375 0 0 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 4-UD 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 0 0 0 0 0 4-RD 0,45 0,45 0,05 0,05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4-LH 0,05 0,05 0,45 0,45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 5-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5v 0 0 5v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 9-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 10-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 11 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,15 0,35 12 0,21 0,49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,09 0,21 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,3 0,7
Amendment 322 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2.2.3
Annex I – point 2.2.3
2.2.3. For category M primary vehicles of heavy-duty vehicles: ∑𝑣𝐶𝑂2𝑝𝑣 𝑎𝑣𝑔𝐶𝑂2𝑝𝑠𝑔 = 𝑉𝑝𝑣𝑠𝑔 × 𝑃𝑁𝑠𝑔 (in g/pkm) Where, ∑𝑣 is the sum over all new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in the sub-group sg, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, subject to the provisions of Article 7b; CO2v is the specific CO2 emissions of the new heavy-duty vehicle v determined in accordance with point 2.1; CO2pv is the specific CO2 emissions of the primary vehicle of the new heavy-duty vehicle v determined in accordance with point 2.1; Vsg is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, in subgroup sg; Vpvsg the number of new heavy-duty vehicles within the sub-group sg, which pursuant to Article 7b shall be accounted for with the CO2 emissions of their primary vehicles in the calculation of the average specific CO2 emissions of point 2.2.3.; PLsg is the average payload of vehicles in the sub-group sg as determined in point 2.5. PNsg is the average passenger number of vehicles in the sub-group sg as determined in point 2.5.
Amendment 323 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2.3.2 – title
Annex I – point 2.3.2 – title
2.3.2. Reporting periods from 2025 to 2029onwards
Amendment 324 #
Amendment 325 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 2.4
Annex I – point 2.4
Amendment 330 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.2 –table
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.2 –table
Amendment 330 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4.2
Annex I – point 4.2
4.2. Vehicle sub-groups included in the calculation of average specific CO2 emissions and specific emissions targets of manufacturers The following sub-groups sg shall be included in the calculation of the specific CO2 emissions CO2(X),, specific emissions targets T(X) and CO2 emissions trajectory ET(X)Y: X = 2025 X= NO X = MCO2 X= MZE vehicle sub-groups, sub-groups of sub-groups of sub-groups of transport subject to CO2 transport of transport of of persons vehicles, emissions targets goods vehicles, persons subject to zero-emissions according to Article 3a subject to CO2 vehicles, vehicle targets according paragraph 1 (a) emissions subject to CO2 to Article 3b targets emissions according to targets Article 3a according to paragraphs Article 3a 1(b), 1(c) and paragraphs 1(d) and 1(b), 1(c) and paragraph 3 1(d) 4-UD, 4-RD, 4-LH, 5- All vehicle sub- 32-C2, 32-C3, 31-LF, 31-L1, 31-L2, 31-DD, RD, 5-LH, 9-RD, 9-LH, groups referred 32-DD, 34-C2, DD, 33-LF, 33-L1, 33-DD, 10-RD, 10-LH to in points 34-C3, 34-DD, L2, 33 34-C3, 34-DD, 35-FE, 39-FE 1.1.1 and 1.1.3. 31-L2, 33-L2
Amendment 336 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4.3.1
Annex I – point 4.3.1
4.3.1. The following CO2 emissions reduction targets rfsg and rfpsg pursuant to Article 3a shall apply to vehicles in the sub-group sg for different reporting periods: CO2 reduction targets rfsg and rfpsg groups sg Reporting period of the years Sub- 2025 – 2029 2030 – 2034 2035 – 2039 As from 2040 Medium lorries 53, 54 0 4315% 64 50% 90% 70% Heavy lorries > 7,4t 1s, 1, 2, 3 0 430% 6450% 970% Heavy lorries > 16 t 4-UD, 4-RD, 15% with 4x2 and 6x4 axle 4-LH, 5-RD, configurations 5-LH, 9-RD, 430% 6450% 970% 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH Heavy lorries > 16 t 11, 12, 16 0 with special axle 30% 50% 43% 64% 90%70% with special axle configurations Coaches (rfsg)and 32-C2, 32- 0 0 interurban buses C3, 32-DD, (rfsg) 34-C2, 34- 4315% 6450% 970% 34-C2, 34- C3, 34-DD, C3, 34-DD31-L2, 33-L2 Primary vehicles of 32-C2, 32- 0 coaches (rfpsg) C3, 32-DD, 4315% 6450% 970% 34-C2, 34- C3, 34-DD Trailers 0 0 7,5% 7,5% 7,5% Semi-trailers 0 0 15% 15% 15%
Amendment 337 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.3.1 – table
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.3.1 – table
CO2 reduction targets rfsg and rfpsg Sub-groups sg Reporting period of the years 2025 – 2029 2030 – 2034 2035 – 2039 As from 2040 2040 Medium lorries 53, 54 0 43% 15% 64% 50% 970% Heavy lorries > 7,4t 1s, 1, 2, 3 0 0 43 30% 6450% 90% 70% Heavy lorries > 16 t 4-UD, 4-RD, 15% with 4x2 and 6x4 axle 4-LH, 5-RD, 15% configurations 5-LH, 9-RD, 43 30% 6450% 90% 70% 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH 10-LH Heavy lorries > 16 t 11, 12, 16 0 with special axle 43 30% 6450% 970% configurations Coaches (rfsg) and 32-C2, 32- 0 interurban buses(rfsg) C3, 32-DD, C3, 32-DD, 34-C2, 34- 4315% 64%50% 970% 34-C2, 34-C3, 34-DD, 31- L2, 33- C3, 34-DD L2 Primary vehicles of 32-C2, 32- 0 coaches (rfpsg) C3, 32-DD, 4315% 64% 50% 90% 70% 34-C2, 34- C3, 34-DD Trailers 0 7,5% 7,5% 7,5% Semi-trailers 0 15% 15% 15%
Amendment 342 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4.3.2
Annex I – point 4.3.2
4.3.2. The following zero-emission vehicle targets zevMsg pursuant to Article 3b are applicable to vehicles in the sub-group sg for different reporting periods: Zero-emission vehicle mandates zevMsg Sub-groups Reporting period of the years sg sg before 2030 2030 – 2034 2035 – 2039 As from 2040 Urban heavy 31-LF, 31-L1, 31- 0 10 80% 100% 100% buses DD, 33-LF, 33- L1, 33-DD, 35- FE, 39-FE, 31-L2, 33-L2
Amendment 343 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.3.2 – table
Annex I – point 4 – point 4.3.2 – table
Zero-emission vehicle mandates zevMsg Sub-groups sg Reporting period of the years before 2030 2030 – 2035 – 2039 As from 2034 2040 Urban heavy 31-LF, 31-L1, 31- 0 1080% 100% 100% buses DD, 33-LF, 33- L1, 33-DD, 35- FE, 39-FE, 31-L2, 33-L2
Amendment 348 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 6 a (new)
Annex I – point 6 a (new)
6a. CALCULATION OF THE CARBON CORRECTION FACTOR (CCF) For each fuel or blend of fuels i, the CCF shall be calculated according to the following method: 6a.1. For CO2-Neutral Fuels, as defined in article 3 point (23 b), CCFi = 1. 6a.2. For conventional and fossil fuels, CCFi = 0 6a.3. For blends of conventional and CO2-Neutral Fuels, the CCF shall be calculated according to the following formula: 𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑺𝒏,𝒊 𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑺𝒏 ― 𝟏,𝒊 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 = 𝟐 Where: CCFi is the Carbon Correction Factor for a specific blend of conventional and CO2-Neutral Fuel i used in the road transport sector SHARESn,i percentage of renewable fuel i reported in Shares database, referred to the last available reporting period n and calculated as the average share over all EU member states. SHARESn - 1,i percentage of renewable fuel i reported in Shares database, referred to the second last available reporting period n and calculated as the average share over all EU member states. The Shares database is accessible at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shares
Amendment 352 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – point 7(new)
Annex I – point 7(new)
7. CALCULATION OF THE CARBON CORRECTION FACTOR (CCF) For each fuel or blend of fuels i, the CCF shall be calculated according to the following method: 7.1. For CO2-Neutral Fuels, as defined in article 3 point (25) and used in compliance with Art. 4 a, CCFi = 1; 7.2. For fuels other than CO2-Neutral Fuels, CCFi = 0; 7.3. For blends of CO2-Neutral Fuels and fuels other than CO2-Neutral Fuels, the CCF shall be calculated according to the following formula: 𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑺𝒏,𝒊 𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑺𝒏 ― 𝟏,𝒊 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝑭𝒊 = 𝟐 Where: CCFi is the Carbon Correction Factor for a specific blend of conventional and CO2-Neutral Fuel i SHARESn,i percentage of renewable fuel i reported in Shares database, referred to the last available reporting period n and calculated as the average share over all EU member states. SHARESn - 1,i percentage of renewable fuel i reported in Shares database, referred to the second last available reporting period n and calculated as the average share over all EU member states. The Shares database is accessible at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shares
Amendment 361 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) the data reported for the manufacturer’s new heavy-duty vehicles registered in the preceding reporting period, including zero-and-low emission vocational vehicles; and;
Amendment 373 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
(5a) in Article 4, first paragraph, the following point (c) is inserted: (c) the application of the Carbon Correction Factor (CCF) determined in accordance with paragraph 7 (new) of Annex I;
Amendment 377 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 b (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 4 a (new)
Article 4 a (new)
(5b) Art. 4 a (new): Following consultation with stakeholders, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, the Commission shall develop a methodology for registering heavy-duty vehicles running exclusively on CO2 neutral fuels for compliance purposes in conformity with EU law and with the Union’s climate neutrality objective.
Amendment 378 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Starting from 1 July 2020 and for each subsequent reporting period until the reporting period of the year 2029, the Commission shall determine for each manufacturer the zero- and low-emission factor for the preceding reporting period.
Amendment 393 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 5 – paragraph 4
Article 5 – paragraph 4
4. The zero-emission and low- emission factor shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 3 10%. The contribution to that factor of the zero-emission vehicles of category N, other than those in vehicles sub-groups 4-UD, 4-RD, 4-LH, 5-RD, 5- LH, 9-RD, 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH, shall reduce the average specific CO2 emissions of a manufacturer by a maximum of 1,5 3%.;
Amendment 397 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 8
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 6a – paragraph 1
Article 6a – paragraph 1
Amendment 410 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9 – point d
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4
Article 7 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 4
Emission credits and emission debts acquired in the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2039 shall, where applicable, be carried over from one reporting period to the next reporting period. However, any remaining emission debts shall be cleared in the reporting periods of the year 2029, 2034 and 2039.;
Amendment 424 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 8 – paragraph 2 – point a
(a) where, in any of the reporting periods of the years 2025 to 2028, 2030 to 2033, 2035 to 2038 the sum of the emission debts reduced by the sum of the emission credits exceeds the emission debt limit referred to in Article 7(1), third subparagraph;
Amendment 427 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 11 – point c
Amendment 457 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Article 15 – paragraph 1
The Commission shall, in 20287, review the effectiveness and impact of this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.
Amendment 460 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 1 a (new)
The Commission shall, at the latest one year after the entry into force of the regulation, evaluate the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment, and the consistent data reporting, of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the state of the enabling conditions for the market adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles in the Union. In this report, the Commission shall assess in particular, but not limited to, the following elements: (a) registrations of zero-emission heavy- duty vehicles in Member States ; (b) the deployment of charging and refuelling infrastructure suitable for heavy-duty vehicles in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX AFIR]; (c) the implementation of road user charges differentiated by CO2 emissions in Member States [REFERENCE TO XXX Eurovignette]; (d) the level of the average price of allowances under the new the emissions trading system covering road transport [REFERENCE TO XXX ETS2]; (e) other measures that support the uptake of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles; Based on the results of the above assessment and on the evidence of lack of any of the above of conditions, the CO2 targets should be reviewed and excess CO2 emissions premiums according to Art. 8 of this Regulation be waived.
Amendment 472 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Article 17 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 3b, Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from [OP, please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation].;
Amendment 474 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 17 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
The delegation of power referred to in Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13e(4), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.;
Amendment 476 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 19 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/1242
Article 17 – paragraph 6 – point c
Article 17 – paragraph 6 – point c
(c) in paragraph (6), “Article 11(2), the second subparagraph of Article 13(4) and Article 14(1)” is replaced by the following: “Article 4a, Article 11(2), Article 13(4) second subparagraph, Article 13c(3), Article 13d(2), Article 13f(2) and Article 14(1)”;
Amendment 525 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.1
Annex I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.1
Amendment 535 #
Proposal for a regulation
ANNEX I – Paragraph 2 – Subparagraph 2.1. – Table 2.1.1.
ANNEX I – Paragraph 2 – Subparagraph 2.1. – Table 2.1.1.
2.1.1. Mission profile weights (Wsg,mp) for vehicles of category N Vehicle Mission profile (mp)** sub- group (sg)* RDL RDR LHL LHR UDL UDR REL, MUL MUL MUR COL COR RER, LEL, LEL, LER 53 0,25 08 0,25 79 0 0 0,2502 0,25 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 0,25 08 0,25 79 0 0 0,2502 0,25 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1s 0,1 0,3 0 0 0,18 0,42 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0,1 0,3 0 0 0,18 0,42 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0,125 0,375 0 0 0 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0,125 0,375 0 0 0 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 4-UD 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 0 0 0 0 0 4-RD 0,45 0,45 0,05 0,05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4-LH 0,05 0,05 0,45 0,45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 5-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 9-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 10-RD 0,27 0,63 0,03 0,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10-LH 0,03 0,07 0,27 0,63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 11 0,15 0,35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,15 0,35 12 0,21 0,49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,09 0,21 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,3 0,7
Amendment 536 #
Proposal for a regulation
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3. – subparagraph 2.3.2 – title
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3. – subparagraph 2.3.2 – title
2.3.2 Reporting periods from 2025 to 2029 JustificationIt should be noticed that market penetration of zero-emission technologies in the aconwards Or. en HDV sector is still unceprtance. The Regulation should continue to provide some flexibility to help vehicle makers sell new zero-emission vehicles. For these reasons, the ZLEV factor should be prolonged for the duration of the regulain due to the availability of enabling condition,s and the maximum contribution from the ZLEV factor should becustomer raised.
Amendment 537 #
Proposal for a regulation
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3 – subparagraph 2.2.3
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3 – subparagraph 2.2.3
[…] Where, ∑𝑣 is the sum over all new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in the sub- group sg, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, subject to the provisions of Article 7b; CO2v is the specific CO2 emissions of the new heavy-duty vehicle v determined in accordance with point 2.1; CO2pv is the specific CO2 emissions of the primary vehicle of the new heavy- duty vehicle v determined in accordance with point 2.1; Vsg is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, in subgroup sg; Vpvsg the number of new heavy-duty vehicles within the sub-group sg, which pursuant to Article 7b shall be accounted for with the CO2 emissions of their primary vehicles in the calculation of the average specific CO2 emissions of point 2.2.3.; PLsg is the average payload of vehicles in the sub-group sg as determined in point 2.5. PNsg is the average passenger number of vehicles in the sub-group sg as determined in point 2.5.
Amendment 541 #
Proposal for a regulation
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3. – subparagraph 2.3.3
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.3. – subparagraph 2.3.3
Amendment 542 #
Proposal for a regulation
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.4
ANNEX I – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2.4
[…] Where, Vzevsg is the number of new zero- emissions heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer in a subgroup sg; Vpvsg the number of new heavy- duty vehicles within the sub-group sg, which pursuant to Article 7b shall be accounted for with the CO2 emissions of their primary vehicles in the calculation of the average specific CO2 emissions of point 2.2.; Vsg is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer, including zero-and-low vocational vehicles, in a subgroup sg; V is the number of new heavy-duty vehicles of the manufacturer including zero-and-low vocational vehicles.
Amendment 551 #
Proposal for a regulation
Paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.1. – table 4.2.
Paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.1. – table 4.2.
4.2. Vehicle sub-groups included in the calculation of average specific CO2 emissions and specific emissions targets of manufacturers X = 2025 X= NO X = MCO2 X= MZE vehicle sub- sub-groups of sub-groups of sub-groups of transport of persons groups, subject transport of transport of vehicles, subject to zero-emissions to CO2 goods vehicles, persons vehicle targets according to Article emissions subject to CO2 vehicles, 3b targets emissions subject to CO2 according to targets emissions Article 3a according to targets paragraph 1 (a) Article 3a according to paragraphs Article 3a 1(b), 1(c) and paragraphs 1(d) and 1(b), 1(c) and paragraph 3 1(d) 4-UD, 4-RD, All vehicle sub- 32-C2, 32-C3, 31-LF, 31-L1, 31-L2DD, 31-DD3-LF, 33- 4-LH, 5-RD, 5- groups referred 32-DD, 34- LF, 33-L1, 33-L21, 33-DD, 35-FE, 39-FE LH, 9-RD, 9- to in points C2, 34-C3, 34- 39-FE LH, 10-RD, 10- 1.1.1 and 1.1.3. DD, 31-L2, LH 33-L2
Amendment 564 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.3. – table 4.3.1
Annex I – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.3. – table 4.3.1
4.3.1. The following CO2 emissions reduction targets rfsg and rfpsg pursuant to Article 3a shall apply to vehicles in the sub-group sg for different reporting periods: CO2 reduction targets rfsg and rfpsg groups sg Sub- Reporting period of the years Sub- 2025 – 2029 2030 – 2034 2035 – 2039 As from 2040 Medium lorries 53, 54 0 4315% 6450% 970% Heavy lorries > 7,4t 1s, 1, 2, 3 0 430% 6450% 970% Heavy lorries > 16 t 4-UD, 4-RD, 15% with 4x2 and 6x4 axle 4-LH, 5-RD, configurations 5-LH, 9-RD, 430% 6450% 970% 9-LH, 10-RD, 10-LH Heavy lorries > 16 t 11, 12, 16 0 with special axle 430% 6450% 970% configurations Coaches (rfsg)and 32-C2, 32- 0 interurban buses C3, 32-DD, (rfsg) 34-C2, 34- 15% 4350% 64% 9 70% C3, 34-C2DD, 34- C3, 34-DD31-L2, 33-L2 Primary vehicles of 32-C2, 32- 0 coaches (rfpsg) C3, 32-DD, 4315% 6450% 970% 34-C2, 34- C3, 34-DD Trailers 0 0 7,5% 7,5% 7,5% Semi-trailers 0 0 15% 15% 15%
Amendment 576 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.3 – table 4.3.2
Annex I – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 4.3 – table 4.3.2
4.3.2. The following zero-emission vehicle targets zevMsg pursuant to Article 3b are applicable to vehicles in the sub-group sg for different reporting periods: Zero-emission vehicle mandates zevMsg Sub-groups Zero-emission vehicle mandates Reporting period of the years sg zevMsg before 2030 2030 – 2034 2035 – 2039 As from 2040 Urban heavy 31-LF, 31-L1, 0 10 80% 100% 100% buses 31-DD, 33-LF, 33-L1, 33-DD, 35-FE, 39-FE, 31-L2, 33-L2
Amendment 587 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 6 a (new)
Annex I – paragraph 6 a (new)