Activities of Alice KUHNKE related to 2021/2243(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
Intersectional discrimination in the EU: socio-economic situation of women of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent (A9-0190/2022 - Alice Kuhnke) (vote)
Reports (1)
REPORT on intersectional discrimination in the European Union: the socio-economic situation of women of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent
Amendments (92)
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas many women face intersecting inequalities and discrimination in the EU; whereas intersectional discrimination refers to a situation in which several grounds of discrimination operate and interact with each other, for example gender with other grounds of discrimination such as race, colour, ethnic or socio-economic status, age, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, sex characteristics, genetic features, religion or belief, nationality, residence status, migrant background, or disability, among others, in a way that is inseparable and produces specific types of discrimination;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas applying an intersectional analysis allows us to address and understand social inequalities, exclusion and discrimination from a comprehensive, systemic and structural perspective, while overcoming a single-axis approach to discrimination; whereas EU policies have not involved an intersectional approach thus far and; whereas they have focused only on the individual dimensions of discrimination, which downplays its institutional, structural and historical dimensions;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas the achievement of gender equality cannot occur if all multiples types of discrimination, intentional and unintentional, in their individual, structural, institutional and historical forms, have not been eradicated whereas applying an intersectional approach aims to examine the intersections between racism/colonialism, economic inequality and patriarchy whereas traditional anti-discrimination laws fail to combat all forms of discrimination and their compounded negative effects on the women concerned and not all Member States explicitly cover multiple discrimination and intersectional discrimination in their national legislation;
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas the impact of racism and the process of racialisation is often overlooked as an important phenomenon preventing equality in Europe; whereas intersectional policies cannot be implemented without centring racialised people at the intersections of discrimination;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas women are not a homogenous category and understanding their diversity is key to ensuring that policymaking does not continue to render certain groups of women invisible; to directly or indirectly discriminate and/or render certain groups of women invisible, for example socio-economically disadvantaged women of African, Middle- Eastern, Latin-American, Romani and Asian descent; whereas women, particularly women with disabilities, migrant and ethnic minority women, black women, women of colour, Roma women, older women, women with lower education levels, women with health problems, as well as LGBTI+ women, are more often subject to multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas a key challenge in operationalising intersectionality and addressing intersecting forms of discrimination is the absence of intersectional equality data, including data disaggregated by race and ethnicity; whereas the paucity of relevant data leads to serious shortcomings and prevents the EU and Member States from actively monitoring the situation of inequality and to address and analyse the extent of intersectional discrimination in Europe including on the situation of minority and marginalised groups; whereas some Member States currently do not collect this kind of data thus leaving groups of people invisible in policy making; whereas the collection of such data, particularly on race, ethnicity and disability should be provided voluntarily anonymously according to data protection standards and inline with the Istanbul Convention;
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas women subjected to intersecting types of discrimination face multiple obstacles in accessing the formal labour market, leaving them vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation,poverty, economic exploitation social exclusion and gender based violence, including sexual harassment and mistreatment; whereas across the EU, 91 % of Bblack women are overqualified in their jobs, compared to 48 % of white women and consistently deal with discrimination and micro-aggressions, resulting in higher rates of burnout; whereas the recognition of diplomas acquired abroad can still represent a significant challenge;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
F a. whereas women from most marginalised groups account for the majority of lowest paid positions in care services, doing the heaviest, indirect care work or domestic work often suffering from gender segregation, racism, poor working conditions and pay as well as violence and harassment at work5a; whereas the precarious situation faced by migrant domestic workers, especially young workers, is an example where the intersectionality of race, gender, socioeconomic status and nationality is visible; whereas in most EU countries, long-term residence work permits are often available only for highly skilled and paid jobs relegating medium and low- skilled workers to exploitation, precarious contracts in undervalued sectors (133);https://www.europarl.europa.eu/Reg Data/etudes/STUD/2020/662491/IPOL_S TU(2020)662491_EN.pdf
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
F a. whereas in the field of employment women continue to be overrepresented in precarious and low-payed sectors, which can lead to facing discrimination, sexual harassment and mistreatment; whereas barriers to join and remain in the labour market are often amplified by the intersection of gender with additional factors, for example racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation and have significant detrimental economic and social consequences for Member States; whereas as result of these barriers, racialised women tend to predominantly engage in occupations with a higher risk of developing occupational diseases
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas half of all trans women experience discrimination when searching for employment; whereas only 20 % of women with disabilities are in full-time employment in the EU and have significantly lower incomes 3a;whereas estimates indicate that 22 % are at risk of poverty or social exclusion; whereas women with disabilities face significant barriers to education, as 13 % of women with disabilities have a university degree compared to 29 % of women without disabilities in the EU; 3a. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89- 503-x/2015001/article/14695-eng.htm
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas the high unemployment rate among Roma women cannot be explained by one single factor, such as discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, gender or socio-economic background, as these grounds are mutually reinforcing; whereas only 16% of Roma women are employed compared to 34% of Roma men; whereas they also lack adequate access to education and more than a quarter (28 %) of Roma women, compared to 6 % for men, are engaged in unpaid domestic work including care of children and relatives, reinforcing the difficulty to breakt he poverty cycle;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I a (new)
Recital I a (new)
I a. Whereas the prevalence of discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin remains consistently high, both over time and across different population groups in different Member States; whereas FRA survey data show that people with racial, ethnic minority or migrant backgrounds (including Roma, Muslims, Jews and people of African descent) regularly experience high levels of discrimination based on their ethnic or racial origin as well as their religion or belief in different areas of life; Whereas islamophobia and antisemitism are persistent forms of hatred and discrimination; whereas 71% of Jewish people at least occasionally avoid carrying or displaying items that reveal them to be Jewish; whereas more than one third (39 %) of all Muslim women who wear religious dress in public experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures;
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J
Recital J
J. whereas high degrees of prejudice and the subsequent policies preventing Muslim women from wearing religious dressconcerning the display of religious symbol sand clothing, further trigger unequal treatment and multiply the barriers to accessing the labour market and housing, which has a particular negative impact on Muslim women, when accessing the labour market and housing, excluding them from the public space and any form of meaningful participation in societal processes and decisions, thereby keeping them in a precarious socio- economic situation;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)
Recital J a (new)
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K
Recital K
K. whereas racialised women, women from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds, women with disabilities, migrant women and LGBTIQ people face additional barriers and violence in accessing health care and health information, including sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), as a result of discriminatory laws and policies, stigma and stereotypes; whereas these women are more likely to face the gynaecological and obstetrical violence during the pregnancy and the delivery and the lack of comprehensive education and the unavailability of methods of contraception affect them in a disproportional way; whereas the training of healthcare professionals can be beneficial in this regard, ensuring the basic right of access to health care services which should include as well access to high-quality and targeted mental health facilities;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
K a. whereas racialised women are more likely to have their symptoms dismissed by medical providers as medical education in many Member States does not address diseases and symptoms that affect women of African, Middle Easter, Latin-American and Asian descent; whereas in some European countries black women are four times as likely and Asian women twice as likely to die in childbirth compared to white women, and women of African descent have a higher risk of dying of life threatening diseases even though these are less prevalent among them; whereas improving access to healthcare, as well as preventing, eliminating and penalizing all forms of discrimination which limit access to healthcare for all women, is essential in order to reinforce women´s ability to exercise their fundamental rights;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)
Recital K b (new)
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital L
Recital L
L. whereas intersecting types of discrimination can have a serious impact on the life of survivorvictims of gender-based violence such as female or intersex genital mutilation, for example by limiting or impeding their access to the prevention, support and protection services they need as a result of a combination of types of discrimination and cultural and linguistic barriers, leading to an increased risk for complications or having a negative impact on their mental health; whereas professionals entering in contact with victims of gender-based violence often lack formation including on intersectionality; whereas gender-based violence is both the consequence and one of the causes of persisting gender inequalities;
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M
Recital M
M. whereas1 in 3 trans people experience discrimination when searching for employment and this number increases to 1 in2 trans women; whereas 26 % of trans women in the EU have experienced homelessness at some time in their lives and 25% say they are able to make ends meet only with difficulty or great difficulty; whereas racialised trans women in the EU experience unique and extraordinary structural and institutional discrimination that impacts their access to education,employment, health, housing, and ability to remain out of poverty; or social exclusion;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M a (new)
Recital M a (new)
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicaCalls on the Commission and Member States to, based on voluntary participation, confidentiality, anonymity, self-identification and informed consent, take steps toward the collection of reliable and comparable equality data, including data disaggregated by gender, racial and ethnic origin (as defined by the EU Racial Equality Directive), sexual orientation and identity, while respecting the key principles and standards of EU data protection and fundamental rights, for the purpose of identifying the roots, measuring the extent of and combating racism and discrimination in accordance with the relevant national legal frameworks and to work towards using such data to inform its policy making; Noteds that they wear religious dress outsideequality data is a key tool to understand, uncover and combat all types and dimensions of discrimination, especially the intersectional, structural and institutional ones; Calls ofn the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gesturesEU to encourages the collection of such data and provide technical support to implement existing EC guidelines on the matter and to promote the participation of the affected communities in the process);
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring Welcomes the appointment of a Commissioner for Equality and EU coordinators for combating racism, as well as for combating antisemitism and fostering Jewish life and the creation of a coordinator on combatting anti-Muslim hatred; and calls on the immediate appointment of the coordinator on anti- Muslim hatred which position has remained vacant for a year; stresses that in order to institutionalise an approach that takes intersectionality into account, the Commission should appoint coordinators aligned with all of the individual Equality Strategies and always implement a gender mainstreaming approach that creates policies for women in all their diversity (192); believes that the collective work of such coordinators will help to institutionalise intersectionality, contribute to the important work offensive gestures the Commissioner for Equality and strengthen the implementation of each Strategy (190);
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestur15.Notesthat access to health can be impaired by the compounded effect of intersectional discrimination Calls on the Member States to ensure universal and accessible health coverage, including specialised mental health services and to urgently remove the barriers that exist to healthcare for all, including for migrants in an irregular administrative situation and with a specific focus on women in all their diversity; highlights that access to health should never be impaired by ignorance, bias or stigma; stresses the importance of healthcare professionals to provide care in a humane, non- discriminatory, and non-judgmental manner, respecting free, prior and informed consent and patients’ rights ; notes that there is a substantial lack of data on women from marginalised groups and migrant women accessing health services especially mental health services;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times m6.Calls for the role and cooperation of the Commission’s Task Force likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim woon Equality to be reinforced and its cooperation with other bodies to be stepped up in order to ensure that all policy measures include an intersectional perspective based on impact assessments of African descent who have indicated that they wear religipolicies and legislation; Notes that the mandate of this Task Force must be institutionalised, more transparent and working in close collaboration with groups dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive geconcerned by intersectional discrimination and invites the Commission to reflect further on how to best draw the strategic potential of this initiative (195); Notes that the role of Commissioner for Equality needs to be strengthened to carry out and supervise impactful gender and equality mainstures; aming;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress Calls on the incoming EU presidencies and the currently blocking Member States( to make equal treatment and the fight against discrimination in all its forms a key priority to break the deadlock and adopt the Anti- Discrimination Directive without delay in order to achieve a harmonised protection for all people inside the EU in the fields of social protection, including social security and healthcare, social advantages, education and the access to and supply of goods and services, including houtside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures;ng; Calls to ensure that this Directive allows addressing intersectional discrimination missing in the current legislative framework and securing inclusion and protection for all racialised women,
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabi16. Calls on the Member States to adopt and implement strategies, politcies are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they weand programmes to advance the SRHR of marginalised groups of women and to eradicate the systemic, financial, legal ,practical and social barriers they face and to ensure sexual and reproductive health and rights are protected and respected in all Member States; calls on Member States to promote family planning and comprehensive age- appropriate sexuality education and to help women in vulnerable or preligcarious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestursituations to access free contraception in all its different forms, to ensure that they will not face any discriminatory practices in access to health services;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabiStresses the need for EU policymaking to address and eliminate intersecting forms of discrimination, including through EU anti-discrimination and gender equality legislation and politcies; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate stCalls for the polices and actions under the Union of Equality to be strengthened, enhanced and adapted if necessary and for an EU framework on intersectional discrimination with cross- cutting objectives and measures to be promoted; recognises the need to mainstream equality and gender equality into EU policies and create inclusive solutions that protect the most marging or offensive gesturalised and those facing intersectional discrimination in our communities;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely toCalls for the creation of a mainstreaming mechanism for cooperation and coordination for EU and national equality policies, ensuring that all types of discrimination, exsperience physical or sexual assault compared to women wicially those which intersect, are taken into account in there view and adoption of policies, including throut disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gesturesgh systematic gender and equality impact assessments; Encourages the Member States to adopt or strengthen criminal and civil laws prohibiting both intersectional and multiple discrimination and calls for the development of EU guidelines, including he exchanges of good practices on the adoption of an intersectional approach in policymaking;
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 %12.Calls on the Member States to ensure that the Council Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia13, the Racial Equality Directive, the Victim’s Rights Directive (244) and the Employment Equality Directive are consistently implemented; Calls ofn the Muslim women of African descent who have indicEuropean Commission to regularly monitor and evaluated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gesturese realisation of equal treatment taking into account the views of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and the European Gender Equality Institute and relevant action, including launch infringement proceedings against those Member States that fail to eliminate practices of segregation;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures10. Calls for the Member States and the EU to provide implicit bias and awareness-raising training courses and campaigns within their institutions, including in judicial institutions, asylum processing and intake centres, education, and for the police, healthcare professionals and other civil servants, and to address the effects of the implicit biases on decisions, actions and interactions generated resulting from persistent stereotypes, and the under-representation of certain groups in these sectors and highlights that these represent the lay ground for discrimination and exclusion;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas trans women and intersex persons experience further physical violence and sexual assaults than other LGBTQ+ categories; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures, 15 % experienced verbal insults or offensive comments and 2 % were physically attacked;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical17. Encourages the Member States to ensure accessible and transparent legal gender recognition procedures based orn sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures; lf -determination and in line with WHO’s ICD-11, to recognise trans, non- binary and intersex people in law and to abolish barriers such as mandatory surgical interventions or mandatory psychological counselling (290); urges Member States to ban intersex genital mutilation and to ensure that intersex infants are not subjected to non-vital medical or surgical treatment during infancy or childhood;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas many women face intersecting inequalities and discrimination in the EU; whereas intersectional discrimination refers to a situation in which several grounds of discrimination operate and interact with each other, for example gender with other grounds of discrimination such as race, colour, ethnicity, socio-economic status, age, sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression, sex characteristics, genetic features, religion or belief, nationality, residence status, disability, among others in a way that is inseparable and produces specific types of discrimination;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gesturesCalls for an increased presence of women in all their diversity in high-level and decision-making positions and for positive action measures, such as temporary quotas, incentive mechanisms and mentorships, for women facing intersectional discrimination to attain positions in public institutions, including in the EU institutions, to ensure a fair representation of the diversity of society indecision-making; notes that quotas alone are not sufficient to address structural discrimination in a holistic way;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 %7.Highlights the need for a comprehensive directive on gender-based violence with an intersectional approach, covering all women and girls in all their diversity and LGBTIQ people ofn the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religiousgrounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics; Stresses that in the Proposal for a diress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gective on combating violence against women and domestic violence the intersectional approach is mentioned but regrets that it has not been adequately mainsturesamed;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
Aa. Whereas applying an intersectional analysis allows us to understand the structural dimension of discrimination and design policies to combat systemic discrimination, exclusion and social inequalities accordingly, while overcoming a single-axis approach to discrimination;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African14. Calls on the Member States to support the creation of new measures, including legal pathways across sectors, according to the national context including for medium- and low-skilled workers, that promote autonomy, descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate stork, workers fundamental rights and social inclusion amongst women including women of most marging or offensive gestures;alised groups or women from diaspora CULT
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabiB);Calls for an intersectional assessment within the current revision of the EU asylum and migration policies and for politcies; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures granting individuals migration taking into account status independent to a spouse, partner or employer in view of eliminating ties that restrict their options and limit their opportunities and their safety;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Calls to ensure access to inclusive, quality education, trainings, skills and decent employment for marginalised girls and young women in all their diversity and the Commission to support Member States with targeted Erasmus + projects, including for STEAM subjects and by giving them fair visibility in text book sand other didactic materials (CULT A) which could also serve as a tool for empowering these girls and women and facilitate their transition to the labour market;stresses the intricate impact of children’s education on women’s professional and personal endeavours and recalls the need for all children to effectively access free education as foreseen by EU law (CULT A); calls on Member States to apply an intersectional approach, addressing the specific needs of children in marginalised groups, when implementing the recommendation on a European Child Guarantee;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Highlights the importance of fighting against stereotypes and discrimination at a very early age and thus calls for analyses of bias, stereotypical representation or missing representation in teaching materials, their potential revision and a bias free education; Calls on the Member States and encourages them to ensure human rights education, to develop awareness- raising campaigns targeted at youth to combat intersectional discrimination, fight against racism as well as promotion of equality and non-discrimination in education at every level of schooling starting early age; Recognises the role of schools and teachers in promoting equality, gender equality, respect, awareness-raising and non- discrimination and the importance of better intercultural sensitivity among school personnel and more inclusive educational systems in Member States;
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Calls on Member States to end the practice of forced sterilisation forced abortion and forced contraception, including of women with disabilities and Roma women and medicalisation for trans people and to respect their physical and bodily integrity; calls on Member States to ensure effective and timely remedies to all survivors of forced and coercive sterilization and forced divorce, including through the establishment of effective reparations schemes
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Highlights that migrant women are often victims of trafficking and other forms of violence such as gender-based violence, forced marriage and genital mutilation which are still too often not recognised in asylum procedures; stresses the importance of taking into account the specific experience of women victims of intersectional discrimination in the design, implementation and evaluation of asylum, migration and integration policies;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Notes that due to a lack of generational wealth, women of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent often struggle to finance small businesses and underlines that the promotion of entrepreneurship among these group scan offer great opportunities to foster their economic independence and empowerment;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. whereas too many women and particularly migrant and ethnic minority women, black women and women of colour, LGBTIQ+ women continue to be subjected to sexual harassment in public spaces and in the workplace because of persisting stereotypes and are at higher risk of economic and sexual exploitation;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Welcomes the European Commission’s commitment to reach gender parity at all levels but regrets the lack of diversity targets and of overall diversity in the EU institutions (221); highlights in this respect the important role model function of public services and institutions;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
N a. Takes note of the ongoing revision of the European statistics on population; calls on the Commission to ensure that this revision encompasses as many explicit grounds of discrimination as possible, so as to ensure the collection of reliable equality data;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N b (new)
Recital N b (new)
N b. Calls on Member States to take note of the compounded effect of intersectional discrimination on the access health care diagnosis, particularly concerning reproductive health and specifically for Black women, women of colour and minority women; Recalls that sexual and reproductive health and rights are fundamental human rights to which all people, in their diversity, should have safe and legal access;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. whereas applying an intersectional approach aims to examine the intersections between racism/colonialism, economic inequality and patriarchy and looks at multidimensionality of people’s discrimination experiences, leading to systemic injustice and social inequality;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas women are not a homogenous category and understanding their diversity is key to ensuring that policymaking does not continue to render certain groups of women invisible for examples socio-economically disadvantaged women of African, Middle- Eastern, Latin-American, Romani and Asian descent;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas a key challenge in operationalising intersectionality and addressing intersecting forms of discrimination is the absence of intersectional equality data, including data disaggregated by race and ethnicity; whereas the paucity of relevant data prevents the EU and Member States from actively monitoring the state of equality and to address and analyse the extent of intersectional discrimination in Europe, leaving groups of people invisible in policy making;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. Whereas the impact of racism and the process of racialisation is often disregarded as an important phenomenon preventing equality in Europe; whereas intersectional policies cannot be implemented without centring racialised people at the intersections of discrimination;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)
Recital E b (new)
Eb. Whereas the prevalence of discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin remains consistently high, both over time and across different population groups in different Member States; whereas FRA survey data show that people with racial, ethnic minority or migrant backgrounds (including Roma, Muslims, Jews and people of African descent) regularly experience high levels of discrimination based on their ethnic or racial origin as well as their religion or belief in different areas of life;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas half of all trans women experience discrimination when searching for employment and this number increases to 1 in 2 trans women; whereas only 20 % of women with disabilities are in full-time employment in the EU and estimates indicate that 22 % are at risk of poverty or social exclusion;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
Ha. whereas lesbophobia must be understood as violence at the intersection of homophobia and misogyny, constituting a type of violence with its own roots, patterns, modes and consequences formed by this intersectional experience; whereas one in six (16%) lesbian or bisexual women reported episodes of discrimination when accessing healthcare or social services;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)
Recital J a (new)
Ja. whereas the precarious situation faced by many migrant domestic workers predominantly racialised women is an example where the intersectionality of race, gender, socioeconomic status and nationality is visible; whereas in most EU countries, long-term residence work permits are often available only for highly skilled and paid jobs relegating medium and low-skilled workers to exploitation, precarious contracts in undervalued sectors; whereas nearly one in three non- EU born women work in precarious jobs in the EU and 18% of migrant women are at risk of poverty;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
Ka. whereas Roma women still face racism and discrimination in access to health care and in some Member States Roma women still experience ethnic segregation in reproductive health care settings, facing exacerbated forms of verbal, physical, and psychological violence and harassment during childbirth; reminds that Roma women and women with disabilities have been subjected historically to systematic practices of forced and coercive sterilisation in the EU and many have been denied effective remedies;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
Ka. whereas social and legal changes, as well as research in the medical and biological field, have led to the recognition of diversity in the definition of ‘sex’ in addition to women and men; whereas sex discrimination has been interpreted in the case-law of the CJEU more broadly to include transgender persons who undergo medical transition;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital L
Recital L
L. whereas intersecting types of discrimination can have a serious impact on the life of survivors of gender-based violence such as female or intersex genital mutilation, for example by limiting or impeding their access to the prevention, support and protection services they need as a result of a combination of types of discrimination and cultural and linguistic barriers;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)
Recital L a (new)
La. whereas LGBTQI people across Europe still face discrimination when accessing healthcare services, with 16 % of survey respondents reporting that they have felt discriminated against by healthcare or social services staff because of their identity and trans people report especially high levels of transphobic and disrespectful behaviour towards them by healthcare personnel; whereas in several Member States trans people are subjected to the practice of forced sterilisation or medicalisation, both of which violate human rights standards;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital L b (new)
Recital L b (new)
Lb. whereas racialised trans women in the EU experience unique and extraordinary structural and institutional discrimination that impacts their access to education, employment, health, housing, and ability to remain out of poverty;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M
Recital M
M. whereas 26 % of trans women in the EU have experienced homelessness at some time in their lives and 25% say they are able to make ends meet only with difficulty or great difficulty;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N
Recital N
N. whereas women with disabilities are 10 times more likely to experience physical or sexual assault compared to women without disabilities; whereas trans people are more likely to experience assault compared to cisgender people; whereas 27 % of the Muslim women of African descent who have indicated that they wear religious dress outside of the house report that they have experienced inappropriate staring or offensive gestures, 15 % experienced verbal insults or offensive comments and 2 % were physically attacked;
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital P a (new)
Recital P a (new)
Pa. whereas LGBTIQ children and those with a minority racial or ethnic background are targets of discrimination hindering them in accessing key services such as education; whereas across all EU member states, 80% of people from the LGBTIQ community experienced bullying at school due to their real or perceived sexual orientation and Roma children and children with disabilities are often excluded from mainstream inclusive education whereas children of rainbow families are often stigmatised, making them targets of discrimination and bullying that affects their educational performance and employment prospects, their daily lives and their personal and family well-being;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Calls on the incoming EU presidencies to make equal treatment and the fight against discrimination in all its forms a key priority to break the deadlock and adopt the Anti- Discrimination Directive without delay;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Member States to collect equality data, including data disaggregated by gender, racial and ethnic origin, based on voluntary participation, anonymity, confidentiality, self- identification and informed consent, while respecting the key principles of data protection and fundamental rights; takes note of the ongoing revision of the European statistics on population; calls on the Commission to ensure that this revision encompasses as many explicit grounds as possible, so as to ensure the collection of reliable equality data;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Member States to collect equality data, including data disaggregated by gender, racial and ethnic origin, based on voluntary participation, anonymity, confidentiality, self- identification and informed consent, while respecting the key principles of data protection and fundamental rights; calls on the EU to encourage the collection of such data and provide technical support to implement existing EC guidelines on the matter; calls on MS and the EU to work towards using such data to inform its policy making;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Welcomes the appointment of a Commissioner for Equality and EU coordinators for combating racism, as well as for combating antisemitism and fostering Jewish life; stresses that in order to institutionalise an approach that takes intersectionality into account, the Commission should appoint coordinators aligned with all of the individual Equality Strategies; believes that the collective work of such coordinators will help to institutionalise intersectionality, contribute to the important work of the Commissioner for Equality and strengthen the implementation of each Strategy;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for the role and cooperation of the Commission’s Task Force on Equality to be reinforced and its cooperation with other bodies to be stepped up in order to ensure that all policy measures include an intersectional perspective based on impact assessments of policies and legislation; Notes that the mandate of this Task Force must be institutionalised, more transparent and working in close collaboration with groups concerned by intersectional discrimination; Notes that the role of Commissioner for Equality needs to be strengthened to carry out and supervise impactful gender and equality mainstreaming;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for the role and cooperation of the Commission’s Task Force on Equality to be reinforced and its cooperation with other bodies to be stepped up in order to ensure that all policy measures include an intersectional perspective based on impact assessments of policies and legislation; invites the Commission to reflect further on how to best draw the strategic potential of this initiative, which can be further developed with the inclusion of the Coordinators of each equality field;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Considers the EC Platform on Disability to be a flagship initiative with strategic potential; invites the EC to set up similar structures to ensure full implementation of all strategies under the ‘Union of Equality’ framework;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Welcomes the increasing mention of intersectionality in EU documents, including in the proposal for a pay transparency directive but regrets the lack of clear definition targets, indicators and actions to implement it;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Highlights the need for a comprehensive directive on gender-based violence with an intersectional approach, covering all women and girls in all their diversity and LGBTIQ people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics; calls on Member States to ensure that instances of gender-based violence are appropriately investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned and that victim-support services are comprehensive enough to address all forms of violence with a victim-centred perspective, particularly that which results from intersectional discrimination;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Highlights the need for a comprehensive directive on gender-based violence with an intersectional approach, covering all women and girls in all their diversity and LGBTIQ people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics; underlines the need to recognise how groups in vulnerable situations are at heightened risk of violence and that intersecting forms of discrimination exacerbate the consequences of gender- based violence including due the increasing power of law enforcement andre-victimisation of marginalised people;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Recalls that the principle of equal treatment for men and women cannot be confined to the prohibition of discrimination based on a person’s given sex, and that it also applies to discrimination arising from the person’s gender identity; recalls that the CJEU has interpreted sex discrimination within the principle of equal treatment as encompassing transgender persons who undergone medical transition, yet notes that no such judgements were issued concerning non-binary or intersex persons, questioning the utility and capacity of EU non-discrimination legislation for the large trans population in Europe who cannot or will not access gender affirmation healthcare or for intersex persons; recalls that such individuals will be without remedy if they suffer discrimination compared to those who have physically altered their bodies; recalls the need for EU anti- discrimination to go beyond the gender binary and recognise gender discrimination; calls on the Commission to come up with a legislative proposal that avoid any risk of legal uncertainty in this matter;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Calls on the Commission to operationalise intersectionality in the upcoming directive to strengthen the role and independence of equality bodies and to include the intersectionality perspective in the evaluation and implementation criteria of the Victims’ Rights Directive and the Anti-Trafficking Directive by assessing the impact on the most marginalised, especially racialised women, ensuring consultation with a diversity of stakeholders and requesting the collection of disaggregated equality data; stresses these are important steps towards strengthening and design strong and effective EU-level legal protections against all forms of discrimination across the EU;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Calls on the need for a dedicated Council configuration on equality and gender equality;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls for positive action measures, such as quotas, for women facing intersectional discrimination in public institutions, including in the EU institutions, as a way to promote public institutions that reflect the diversity of society; notes that quotas alone are not sufficient to address structural discrimination in a holistic way;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Welcomes the European Commission’s commitment to reach gender parity at all levels but regrets the lack of diversity targets and of overall diversity in the EU institutions;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9 b. Calls on the Member States to develop and adopt national action plans against racism and racial discrimination, against Roma discrimination and to foster LGBTIQ equality in accordance with the strategic frameworks; notes that this should be done in close collaboration with civil society organisations, including racialised women and non-binary people; Calls on the Commission to ensure that the comprehensive assessment of the legal framework as outlined in the anti-racism action plan is implemented with an intersectional approach and explicitly considers the impact of women subject to intersecting forms of discrimination, such as racialised women;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11a. Calls on the Member States to design targeted policies and maximising the use of EU funding from the multi- annual financial framework (MFF) and Recovery and Resilience Facility to support women affected by intersectional discrimination;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the Council Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia13 , the equality directives on racial equality the Racial Equality Directive and the Employment Equality Directive are consistently implemented; Calls on the European Commission to regularly monitor and evaluate the realisation of equal treatment taking into account the views of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and the European Gender Equality Institute and launch infringement proceedings against those Member States that fail to eliminate practices of segregation; _________________ 13 Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law, OJ L 328, 6.12.2008, p. 55.
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the Council Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia13 , the Victim’s Rights Directive, the Racial Equality Directive and the Employment Equality Directive are consistently implemented; _________________ 13 Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law, OJ L 328, 6.12.2008, p. 55.
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Calls on the Member States to support the creation of new legal pathways across sectors, including for medium- and low-skilled workers, that promote autonomy, decent work and social inclusion; Calls for an intersectional assessment within the current revision of the EU asylum and migration policies and for policies granting individuals migration status independent to a spouse, partner or employer in view of eliminating ties that restrict their options and limit their opportunities and their safety;
Amendment 262 #
14a. Calls for holistic, rights-based multi-disciplinary and person-centred approaches to protection and support services (including gender-based violence and trafficking) that address the institutional factors that push women into situations of dependence and abuse, and to provide real opportunities for decent and stable residence and work permits, non-discriminatory access to services, support and remedy;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 b (new)
Paragraph 14 b (new)
14b. Calls to ensure access to inclusive, quality education, trainings, skills and decent employment for marginalised girls and young women in all their diversity; calls on Member States to apply an intersectional approach, addressing the specific needs of children in marginalised groups, when implementing the recommendation on a European Child Guarantee;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Calls on the Member States to ensure universal health coverage and to urgently remove the barriers that exist to healthcare for all, including for undocumented migrants; highlights that access to health should never be impaired by ignorance, bias or stigma; stresses the importance of healthcare professionals to provide care in a humane, non- discriminatory, and non-judgmental manner, respecting free, prior and informed consent and patients’ rights;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. CNotes that access to health can be impaired by the compounded effect of intersectional discrimination; calls on the Member States to ensure universal health coverage and to urgently remove the barriers that exist to healthcare for all, including for undocumented migrants;
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Encourages the Member States to ensure accessible and transparent legal gender recognition procedures based on self-determination and to recognise trans, non-binary and intersex people in law; Calls on Member States to end the practice of forced sterilisation forced abortion and forced contraception, including of women with disabilities and Roma women and medicalisation for trans people and to respect their physical and bodily integrity; calls on Member States to ensure effective and timely remedies to all survivors of forced and coercive sterilization and forced divorce, including through the establishment of effective reparations schemes;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Encourages the Member States to ensure accessible and transparent legal gender recognition procedures based on self-determination and in line with WHO’s ICD-11, and to recognise trans, non-binary and intersex people in law; urges Member States to ban intersex genital mutilation and to ensure that intersex infants are not subjected to non-vital medical or surgical treatment during infancy or childhood;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Reminds that women in all their diversity, in particular those facing intersecting forms of discrimination, in marginalized situations and in conflict settings, are disproportionally affected by climate change and its consequences; calls to the European Commission and Member States to ensure that all climate action includes an intersectional perspective, including gender and race, that targeted funds and measures are implemented for that aim and to guarantee the equal participation of women in all their diversity in decision making bodies at international, European, national and local level;