BETA

33 Amendments of Andreas GLÜCK related to 2021/0197(COD)

Amendment 74 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
(6) All sectors of the economy are expected to contribute to achieving those emission reductions, including the road transport sector, which is the only sector in the EU in which emissions have been trending upwards since the 1990s. The Green Deal has set the ambitious target of a 90% reduction in transport emissions in order to achieve carbon neutrality in the EU by 2050.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 83 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7 a (new)
(7a) This regulation forms part of efforts to meet the Union's wider objective to reduce emissions from passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. With the increasing use of zero- and low-emission vehicles, emission sources will move upstream in the automotive chain. By focusing exclusively on vehicle exhaust emissions, this legislation will therefore become progressively less effective in reducing emissions at EU level. In these circumstances, the Commission needs to come up with, by 31 December 2023 at the latest, a harmonised methodology for reporting the carbon balance of the life- cycle of such vehicles (‘Well-to-Wheels’) in order to obtain an overall view of their environmental impacts and thus ensure consistency of the means brought to bear in pursuit of the Union’s climate objectives. This regulation should be reviewed in 2027 to incorporate this extended carbon accounting as a new indicator for the reduction of emissions from the sector which is better able to reflect the true carbon balance of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 87 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7 b (new)
(7b) While the review of this regulation forms part of efforts to meet the environmental objectives of decarbonising road transport in order to combat climate change, it should also take into account the significant industrial and social consequences of this process to ensure employment and accessible mobility for all.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 101 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
(9) The strengthened CO2 emission reduction requirements should incentivise an increasing share of zero-emission and low-emission vehicles being deployed on the Union market whilst providing benefits to consumers and citizens in terms of air quality and energy savings, as well as ensuring that innovation in the automotive value chain can be maintained. The automotive industry remains one of the pillars of the EU economy, contributing 7% of European GDP, providing 4.6 million jobs and remaining at the cutting edge of technological innovation with EUR 60 billion invested each year in research and development. The industry needs to be supported in its environmental and digital transition, as European manufacturers are now facing a triple bind, with tightened environmental regulations, increasing investment needs in innovation and heightened international competition. Within the global context, also the EU automotive chain must be a leading actor in the on- going transition towards zero-emissioncarbon-neutral mobility. The strengthened CO2 emission reduction standards armust become technology neutral in reaching the fleet- wide targets that they set. Different technologies are and remain available to reach the zero-emission fleet wide target. Zero-emission vehicles currently include battery electric vehicles, fuel-cell and other hydrogen powered vehicles, and technological innovations are continuing. Zero and low-emission vehicles, which run on advanced biofuels or synthetic fuels as defined in Directive (EU) 2018/20011a, which is currently under review, which also include well performing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, can continue to play a role in the transition pathway.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 109 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) While battery-powered electric vehicles have great potential to decarbonise the fleet and should be encouraged, they do not justify abandoning the principle of technological neutrality, and should rather be used in concert with other efficient technologies. It is important to stress that no technology is ‘zero emission’ or has no environmental impact, including this type of vehicle (given the battery’s carbon footprint, the higher weight of vehicles, the origin of the electricity, the extraction of raw materials). In this respect, the risk of supply tensions should be assessed and addressed in order to meet European demand in a context of increased international pressure to extract the resources needed to manufacture batteries, with projections for battery production increasing twentyfold by 2050. Moreover, the impacts on electricity networks (in terms of decarbonisation, availability, performance and standardisation) or on the rollout of recharging infrastructures (network size correlated with autonomy, high private and public investment requirements) must be considered.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 110 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 b (new)
(9b) The principle of technological neutrality is fundamental to ensure there is efficiency and a plurality of solutions, to preserve and fasten innovation and development, including in disruptive technologies, and to allow market flexibility and a diverse range of social behaviours. It is thus important that we do not limit road transport to a single technology but rather encourage innovation and complementarities between efficient alternative technologies, such as the combined use of hybrid vehicles and low-carbon fuels. Furthermore, a ‘one size fits all’ approach at European level would be compromised by the wide economic, social, geographical and infrastructural diversity within and between Member States, whereas a mix of complementary technologies allows each region to implement the solutions it deems most appropriate to reduce its emissions.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 117 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10
(10) Against that background, new strengthened CO2 emission reduction targets should be set for both new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for the period 2030 onwards. Those targets should be set at a level that will deliver a strong signal to accelerate the uptake of zero- and low-emission vehicles on the Union market and to stimulate innovation in zero- and low-emission technologies in a cost- efficient way.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 125 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11
(11) The targets in the revised CO2 performance standards should be accompanied by a European strategy to address the challenges posed by the scale- up of the manufacturing of zero- and low- emission vehicles and associated technologies, as well as the need for up- and re-skilling of workers in the sector and the economic diversification and reconversion of activities. Particular attention should be given to the impact that this transition will have on SMEs along the supply chain. Where appropriate, financial support should be considerallocated at the level of the EU and Member States to crowd in private investment, including via the European Social Fund Plus, the Just Transition Fund, the Innovation Fund, the European Regional Development Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the Recovery and Resilience Facility and other instruments of the Multiannual Financial Framework and the Next Generation EU, in line with State aid rules. The revised environmental and energy state aid rules will enable Member States to support business to decarbonize their production processes and adopt greener technologies in the context of the New Industrial Strategy.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 148 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12
(12) The updated New Industrial Strategy26 foresees the co-creation of green and digital transition pathways in partnership with industry, public authorities, social partners and other stakeholders. In this context, a transition pathway should be developed for the mobility ecosystem to accompany the transition of the automotive value chain. The pathway should take particular heed of SMEs in the automotive supply chain, of the consultation of social partners including by Member States, and also build on the European Skills Agenda with initiatives like the Pact for Skills to mobilise the private sector and other stakeholders to up-skill and re-skill Europe’s workforce in view of the green and digital transitions. The appropriate actions and incentives at European and national level to boost the affordability of zero - and low-emission vehicles should also be addressed in the pathway. The progress made on this comprehensive transition pathway for the mobility ecosystem should be monitored every two years as part of a progress report to be submitted by the Commission, looking inter alia at the progress in the deployment of zero- emission vehicles, their price developments, deployment of alternative fuels development and infrastructure roll- out as required under the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation, the potential of innovative technologies to reach climate neutral mobility, international competitiveness, investments in the automotive value chain, up-skilling and re- skilling of workers and reconversion of activities. The progress report will also build on the two-year progress reports that Member States submit under the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation. The Commission should consult social partners in the preparation of the progress report, including the results in the social dialogue. Innovations in the automotive supply chain are continuing. Innovative technologies such as the production of electro-fuels with air capture, if further developed, could offer prospects for affordable climate neutral mobility. The Commission should therefore keep track of progress in the state of innovation in the sector as part of its progress report. _________________ 26 Commission Communication - Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a stronger Single Market for Europe’s recovery, COM(2021) 350 final of 5 May 2021
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 163 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 13 a (new)
(13a) The rollout of sufficient charging and refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels is an essential prerequisite for the development of the market for zero- and low-emission vehicles and, therefore, for the success of this Regulation; thus, any increase in this regulation’s emission-reduction targets, including on interim objectives, should go hand-in-hand with an increase in rollout targets set as part of the revision of the Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure; in this connection, it is vital that investment in its deployment should be continued and increased. The Member States should be provided with sufficient support and help to achieve this objective due to their significant investment needs in a decade in which their tax losses and transfers of tax revenues towards alternative fuels will increase. In this context, it is important to underline that the issue of refuelling is intrinsically linked to the very autonomy of vehicles, that, the more the latter increases, the less frequent refuelling will need to be – and that the Commission should therefore take account of technological developments, in particular with regard to the autonomy of batteries, which affect the deployment of infrastructure.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 174 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14
(14) Manufacturers should be provided with sufficient flexibility in adapting their fleets over time in order to manage the transition towards zero- and low-emission vehicles in a cost-efficient manner, and it is theref. The progressively more ambitious emission reduction targets have increased the costs of compliance for manufacturers. It is therefore all the more appropriate to maintain the approach of decreasing target levels in five-year steps.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 179 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
(15) With the stricter EU fleet-wide targets from 2030 onwards, manufacturers will have to deploy significantly more zero-emission vehicles on the Union market. In that context, the incentive mechanism for zero- and low- emission vehicles (‘ZLEV’) would no longer serve its original purpose and would risk undermining the effectiveness of Regulation (EU) 2019/631. The ZLEV incentive mechanism should therefore be removed as of 2030. Before that date and therefore throughout this decade, the incentive mechanism for ZLEV will continue to support the deployment of vehicles with emissions from zero up to 50 g CO2/km, including battery electric vehicles, fuel-cell electric vehicles using hydrogen and well performing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. After that date, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles continue to count against the fleet-wide targets that vehicle manufacturers must meet.deleted
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 230 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point -a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 1 – paragraph 3 a (new)
(-a) the following paragraph is inserted: ‘3a. This Regulation shall be reviewed by 31 December 2027 and supplemented by additional measures to include, in addition to exhaust emissions, the overall carbon balance of the vehicle and fuel used, based on the methodologies set out in Article 7(10) and Article 12(3a), with a view to ensuring that emissions from the sector are in line with the Union's target of carbon neutrality.’
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 236 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point -a a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 1 – paragraph 4 – point a
(-aa) in paragraph 4, point (a) is replaced by the following: "(a) for the average emissions of the new passenger car fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 15 % reduction of the target in 2021determined in accordance with point 6.1.1 of Part A of Annex I; as set in Regulation (EU) 2019/631;" Or. en (02019R0631)
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 241 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point -a b (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article – paragraph 4 – point b
(-ab) paragraph 4, point (b) is replaced by the following: "(b) for the average emissions of the new light commercial vehicles fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 15 % reduction of the target in 2021determined in accordance with point 6.1.1 of Part A of Annex I; as set in Regulation (EU) 2019/631;" Or. en (02019R0631)
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 271 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 1 – paragraph 5 a (new)
(b) the following paragraph 5a is inserted: ‘5a. From 1 January 2035, the following EU fleet-wide targets shall apply: (a) for the average emissions of the new passenger car fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 100 % reduction of the target in 2021 determined in accordance with Part A, point 6.1.3, of Annex I; (b) for the average emissions of the new light commercial vehicles fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 100 % reduction of the target in 2021 determined in accordance with Part B, point 6.1.3, of Annex I.’deleted
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 310 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point a a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(aa) the following point is inserted: ‘(aa) ‘plug-in hybrid electric vehicle’ (PHEV): a vehicle powered by a combination of an electric motor with a rechargeable battery and an internal combustion engine, which may operate together or separately.’
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 333 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 4 – paragraph 3 a (new)
(4a) In Article 4, the following paragraph is added: '3a. New vehicles equipped with hydrogen combustion engines are defined as zero- emission vehicles, meaning zero-gram CO2 tailpipe emissions under WLTP.'
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 334 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4 b (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 4 – paragraph 3 b (new)
(4b) In Article 4, the following paragraph is added: '3 b. From 1 January 2035 until 31 December 2039, for the purpose of this Regulation only, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are set equal to battery electric vehicles, if the following requirements are fulfilled: - Demonstrate electric range of 100 km, - Pass WLTP cycle in fully electric mode (according to Type Approval). The share of plug-in hybrid vehicles of new passenger cars registered shall not exceed 25 % per manufacturer in any relevant year.'
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 344 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5 - point a a (new)
(aa) paragraph10) is replaced by the following: "10. The Commission shall draw up, no later than 2023 evaluate the possibility of developing, a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life- cycle CO 2 emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles that are placed on the EUnion market. The Commission shall transmit to the European Parliament and to the Council that evaluationmethodology, including, where appropriate, proposals for follow-up measures, such as legislative proposals. (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R0631-20211202)" Or. en
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 372 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 11a (new)
(6a) The following Article is inserted: ‘Article 11a Use of synthetic and alternative fuels 1. Upon application by a manufacturer, CO2 savings achieved through the use of synthetic and advanced alternative fuels (hereinafter “alternative fuels”) shall be considered to reduce the average specific emissions of CO2 of a manufacturer in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article. 2. In alternative of being included in a manufacturer’s average specific CO2 emissions as referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, CO2 savings achieved through the use of alternative fuels may be allocated to individual vehicles which are technically capable of using the credited alternative fuel in accordance with Regulation (EC) 715/2007. 3. Each Member State shall record for each calendar year the quantities of alternative fuels placed on the market by a manufacturer, or the quantities of alternative fuels allocated to a manufacturer, and shall provide appropriate certification of these quantities and the resulting CO2 savings by correspondingly applying the certification and documentation procedure laid down in Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The Member States shall ensure that credits are issued only for quantities that meet the requirements of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 and where it is ensured that no simultaneous allocation takes place against the reduction targets set out in Article 25(1) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The credits must indicate the issuing Member State, their period of validity, and the quantity and type of alternative fuel for which they were issued. The credits must be tradable. With a view to minimising the risk of single quantities being claimed more than once in the Union, Member States and the Commission shall strengthen cooperation among national systems, including, where appropriate, the exchange of data. Where the competent authority of one Member State suspects or detects a fraud, it shall, where appropriate, inform the other Member States. 4. The amount of the savings referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be calculated in accordance with Annex I, Part C.’
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 377 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 12 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 3 (new)
(6a) In Article 12, paragraph 3, the following subparagraph is added: In addition, the Commission shall in particular assess the use of fuel and energy consumption data referred to in paragraph 1 for Off-Vehicle Charging Hybrid Electric Vehicles (OVC-HEVs). Using that data, the Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 to adapt the utility factors used for OVC-HEVs, in order to ensure that their emissions are representative of real- world driving from 2030 onwards.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 379 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 12 – paragraph 3 a (new)
(6a) In Article 12, the following paragraph is inserted: ‘3a. ‘The Commission shall draw up, no later than 31 December 2023, a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of fuels and energy consumed by vehicles on the EU market.’
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 385 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 14a – paragraph 1
By 31 December 2025, and every two years thereafter, the Commission shall report on the progress towards zero emission road mobility. The report shall in particular monitor and assess the need for possible additional measures to facilitate the transition, including through financial means. climate neutral road mobility. The report shall assess and ascertain whether this regulation needs to be modified to take a more holistic and comprehensive approach to emissions, on the basis of the methodologies set out in Articles 7(10) and 12(3a). The report shall in particular monitor and assess the need for possible additional measures to facilitate the transition, including through financial means. In the reporting, the Commission shall consider all factors that contribute to a cost-efficient progress towards climate neutrality by 2050, including the following: a) the cost of zero- and low-emission vehicles; b) consumer take-up of zero- and low- emission vehicles; c) the specific characteristics of light commercial vehicles; d) progress in achieving a sufficient roll- out of recharging and refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels including, but not limited to; progress in achieving the targets as required under the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive; e) the potential contribution of innovation technologies and sustainable alternative fuels, including synthetic fuels, to reach climate neutral mobility; f) the contribution of emissions trading in road transport; g) the functioning of the incentive mechanism for zero- and low-emission vehicles; h) the impact on consumers, particularly those on low and medium incomes; i) progress in social dialogue as well as aspects to further facilitate an economically viable and socially fair transition, taking into account employment and competitiveness, towards affordable climate neutral road mobility. For each of the factors listed above, the Commission shall issue an assessment of its effectiveness, taking into account expected progress, in enabling the 2030 and 2035 fleet average CO2 targets to be met.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 405 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 9
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 14 a – paragraph 2
In the reporting, the Commission shall consider all factors that contribute to a cost-efficient progress towards climate neutrality by 2050. This includes the deployment of zero- and low-emission vehicles, the transition from a purely exhaust-emissions-based to a holistic life- cycle-analysis-based approach to emissions, the threshold of grammes of CO2 used for defining what constitutes a low-emission vehicle and, if necessary, the revision thereof, progress in achieving the targets for the roll-out of recharging and refuelling infrastructure as required under the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation, the potential contribution of innovation technologies and sustainable alternative fuels to reach climate neutral mobility, impact on consumers, progress in social dialogue as well as aspects to further facilitate an economically viable and socially fair transition towards zero emissionclimate- neutral road mobility.;
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 422 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 10 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Article 15 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. The Commission shall, in 20287, review the effectiveness and impact of this Regulation, building on the two yearly reporting, and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 478 #
(c) the following point 6.1.3 is added: ‘6.1.3. EU fleet-wide target for 2035 onwards EU fleet-wide target2035 = EU fleet-wide target2021– * (1 – reduction factor2035) where: EU fleet-wide target2021 is as defined in point 6.0; Reduction factor2035 is as defined in Article 1(5a), point (a).’deleted
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 529 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point f
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Annex I – Part A – point 6.3.2
6.3.2 Specific emissions targets for 2030 to 2034onwards
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 540 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point f
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Annex I – Part A – point 6.3.3
6.3.3 Specific emissions targets for 2035 onwards Specific emissions target = EU fleet-wide target2035 + a2035 · (TM-TM0) Where, EU fleet-wide target2035 is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.3; a2035 is where, a2021 is as defined in point 6.2.1 average emissions2021 is as defined in point 6.2.1 TM is as defined in point 6.2.1 TM0 is as defined in point 6.2.1 ___________________ * The share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the new passenger car fleet of a Member State in 2017 is calculated as the total number of new zero- and low- emission vehicles registered in 2017 divided by the total number of new passenger cars registered in the same year.;deleted 𝑎2021 ∙ 𝐸𝑈 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑡 ― 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡2035 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2021
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 570 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point c
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Annex I – Part B – point 6.1.3
(c) the following point 6.1.3 is added: ‘6.1.3. The EU fleet-wide targets for 2035 onwards EU fleet-wide target2035 = EU fleet-wide target2021– * (1 – reduction factor2035) where: EU fleet-wide target2021 is as defined in point 6.0; Reduction factor2035 is as defined in Article 1(5a), point (b).’deleted
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 623 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point f Regulation (EU) 2019/631
6.3.2. Specific emissions targets for 2030 to 2034onwards
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 642 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point g
Regulation (EU) 2019/631
Annex I – part B – point 6.3.3
(g) the following point 6.3.3 is added: ‘6.3.3. Specific emissions targets for 2035 onwards Specific emissions target = specific emissions reference target – (øtargets - EU fleet-wide target2035) where: Specific emissions reference target is the specific emissions reference target for the manufacturer determined in accordance with point 6.2.3; øtargets is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emission reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.3; EU fleet-wide target2035 is as determined in point 6.1.3.’deleted
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI
Amendment 657 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – paragraph 1 – point 2 a (new)
Regulation (EU) 2019/613
Annex I – part C (new)
(2a) The following, new Annex Part C is to be inserted: Calculation of the CO2 savings achieved through the use of alternative fuels pursuant to Art. 11a; The total (origin) of all CO2 savings credits (credittotal) in g in year t pursuant to Art. 11a shall be calculated using the formula: credittotal,t = ∑𝑘(𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑘,𝑡 × 𝐶𝑂2𝑟𝑒𝑓 × 𝐶𝑂2𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑘) + bankingt-1 The total (usage) of all CO2 savings credits is also calculated using the formula: credittotal,t = creditfleet,t + ∑𝑗𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒,𝑗,𝑡 + bankingt The CO2 reduction amount in g credited in year t to the specific average emissions in accordance with Article 11a(1) (reduction amountfleet) shall be calculated using the formula: 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑡,𝑡 reduction amountfleet,t = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡 The CO2 reduction amount credited in year t to an individual vehicle “j” in accordance with Article 11a(2) (reduction amountvehicle,j,t) shall be calculated using the formula: 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒,𝑗,𝑡 reduction amountvehicle,j,t = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑔𝑒 Where: ∑𝑘(.) Total of all alternative fuels placed on the market across all fuel types ∑𝑗(.) Total of all CO2 reductions credited to individual vehicles pursuant to Article 11a(2) fuelk,t Contributed or allocated quantity in MJ of an alternative fuel k placed on the market in year t CO2ref CO2 emission comparator for fossil fuels in g/MJ pursuant to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 CO2savingk Greenhouse gas emissions saving of each alternative fuel pursuant Directive (EU) 2018/2001 in comparison to fossil fuels in % bankingt Alternative fuels credits not used and transferred by a manufacturer in year t creditfleet,t Total emission reduction credits in g CO2 credited in year t pursuant to Article 11a(1) creditvehicle,j,t Emission reductions in g CO2 credited to vehicle j in year t pursuant to Article 11a(2) mileage Average expected lifetime distance driven in km of a manufacturer’s newly registered vehicle. According to historical values 180,000 km can be used. This is in line with the Report for the European Commission by Ricardo-AEA (Ref: Ares (2014)2298698) the average diesel car lifetime mileage is approximately 208,000 km while petrol lifetime mileages fluctuate between 160,000 and 170,000 km. Diesel cars accounted for approx. 35% of new passenger cars in 2018. vehiclest Number of vehicles registered by a manufacturer in year t
2022/02/02
Committee: ENVI