36 Amendments of Klemen GROŠELJ related to 2022/2078(INI)
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. Recognising that current and future space-based capabilities and services will enhance the operational capacity of Member States and the EU for both dual-use purposes and the implementation of common security and defence policies, as well as other Union's policies in areas such as external action, border management, protection of critical assets, crisis or humanitarian aid;
Amendment 21 #
Da. whereas the EU has lost autonomous access to space for the deployment of its civil and military satellites, resulting in security risks incurred by relying on non-European launchers, from non-EU territory for its institutional missions;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas the development of “New Space” private space capabilities constitutes opportunities of innovation in cooperation with Member States but also challenges; whereas such private capabilities have been used in the context of the illegal war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine, for example when Starlink suspended the services it was providing to Ukraine;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Fa. whereas the deliberate creation of debris fields by malicious actors, using anti-satellite missiles, can lead to collisional cascading (Kessler syndrome), preventing safe access to space; whereas such actions constitute a type of hybrid warfare;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas threats of that kind also have major humanitarian and crisis management effects, as those capacities are often used to assist people affected by emergencies (natural disasters or armed conflicts), as well as to monitor climate change effects (wildfire, sea currents, crops);
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Notes that the upsurge in risks and threats in space and on space systems, either ground- (ground stations, launchers) or space-based (satellites), is good reason to bolster the resilience of space infrastructure, systems and services;
Amendment 53 #
3. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to draw up a classified annual space threat analysis document with a view to making the EU and Member States collectively aware of the extent of those threats and the action to be taken to address them effectively;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; is worried of the fragmentation of the EU and global space market, in particular concerning the regulatory framework; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security and sustainability framework to bolster the resilience of EU space services and prevent excessive fragmentation of the global space market; points out that this framework is eagerly awaited by the Member States and the main industrial players in the space sector;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management to be boosted with the aim of better protecting the EU’s infrastructure in orbit; calls on theinsists on the fact that the EU should not rely on third-party space surveillance systems; calls therefore on the European Union and its Member States to consolidatestrengthen their efforts in the field of space surveillance and the tracking of objects in an effort to reducing the risk of collision;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls for thea boost in regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management to be boosted, with the aim of better protecting the EU’s's, Member States' and private infrastructure in orbit; cCalls on the Member States and the Commission to consolidate their efforts in the field of space surveillance and theobject tracking of objects in an effort to reducinge the risk of collisions;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Regrets the Union's heavy dependence on third countries for space surveillance and tracking (SST) data; urges for increased investments by the Commission and Member States in SST detection capacities to support the development of a more extensive European database, in cooperation with EUSST consortium; calls for a participation of all EU Member States to the EUSST consortium; highlights the need to develop a European market of SST data; recalls the role that the SST Front Desk operated by EUSPA is a good foundation for space traffic management development and operations;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 f (new)
Paragraph 5 f (new)
5f. Highlights the crucial role of the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) and emphasises the need for its continued development in subsequent generations to effectively address evolving threats;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet the EU and Member States’ operational needs and complete the existing components of the Union's Space Programme;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Highlights the significant contribution of Copernicus to missions related to Earth observation, including applications related to security; warns of the risk posed by the funding gap of 721M€, resulting from a missing contribution from the United Kingdom to the EU Space Programme; states that this funding gap severely jeopardises the continuity of the Programme; calls on the United Kingdom and the Commission to find a resolution to this funding gap this year, particularly in light of the Windsor agreement;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Takes the view that, with a view to maintaining continuity of service if an incident takes place, protective measures should be made more robust by systematically integrating cybersecurity requirements by design and throughout the lifespan of existing components; recalls that, in order to prevent long-term effects of any temporary or permanent degraded access to space, it is necessary to maintain autonomous ground-systems such as inertial navigation systems;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production of European launchers; calls on the Union and the Member States to apply the principle of "European preference" when choosing launchers;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make exclusive use of European launchers, launch from EU territory for their institutional missions, in order to guarantee maximum mission security; is of the opinion that only in case of the unavailability of EU solutions should institutional launches be carried out outside the EU or with non-EU launch services;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 b (new)
Paragraph 8 b (new)
8b. Calls for the establishment of a common procurement platform for launch services to meet the needs of both the Union and its Member States;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 c (new)
Paragraph 8 c (new)
8c. Welcomes the recent inauguration of the Esrange Space Port in Sweden, which will make the EU more resilient by offering a second launch site in the Union alongside the Guiana Space Port in France; welcomes the recent investment in the "Diamant" launch pad at the Guiana Space Port, which is designed to enable small and medium-sized launchers to be launched, diversifying the launch capabilities in the EU;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 d (new)
Paragraph 8 d (new)
8d. Stresses the vital importance of ensuring the security and resilience of Union's space ports to protect the interests of the Union and its Member States; calls for the transformation of existing and future space ports within the Union into genuine European Space Ports, with dedicated EU funding for their operations and security; calls on the European Commission to propose measures in this regard in the Union's next multiannual budget;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 e (new)
Paragraph 8 e (new)
8e. Notes with regrets the current lack of autonomous access to space by the EU, endangering missions related to security and defence; takes the view that this situation is the result of the fragmented governance of European space policy, haphazard industrial decisions and under-investment in the European space sector;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 f (new)
Paragraph 8 f (new)
8f. Calls for a drastic change in European launcher policy to ensure that this situation never occurs again; calls on the European Commission to develop a comprehensive strategy for the Union launcher policy that prioritises autonomous access to space, redundancy, reuse and scalability, covering all types of missions, orbits, and types of payload, and to rely on the technical expertise of the European Space Agency; highlights the importance of both competitiveness and European preference, in order to assure the economic sustainability of the European launch sector;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Notes that, given the intensification of threats in the space sector, the EU and its Member States must bolster their capabilities and governance to detect, categorise and attribute a threat;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Stresses that space domain awareness (SDA) is essential to attributing a threat and enabling Member States to take appropriate decisions in the event of a space attack; recalls that any response to an attack must be proportionate to its nature, from non-kinetic to kinetic action, and reversibility (permanent or temporary); encourages the Member States to supply the information needed to attribute hostile behaviour, for which secure, robust and reliable communication and exchange capabilities at EU level will need to be established;
Amendment 117 #
11. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to amend Decision 2021/698 with a view to attributing and addressing threats to space programme services; calls for more meaningful responses on solidarity mechanisms to be taken at EU level; calls for further work to be done to make the mutual assistance clause ready for use and particularly in the space domain (Article 42(7) TEU);
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs); supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies, including in disruptive space technologies, with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13a. Regrets the lack of ambition from the Commission regarding the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform, which could have greatly benefited from investment in space activities; emphasises the importance of investment to foster the development of strategic European capabilities in space;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 c (new)
Paragraph 13 c (new)
13c. Highlights the underutilisation of data provided by the EU components of the space program; calls for an improved utilisation of EU space data and services by public authorities, particularly in the field of security and defence; advocates for a European preference in the selection of space data and services by public authorities;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Stresses that, if space capabilities are to be developed, the current multiannual financial framework is insufficient to respond to the growing needs of the Union and the Members in space capacities and resilience, in particular concerning access to space, earth observation, space situational awareness, advanced PNT, and their related services to users; calls for the resources allocated to space in the next multiannual financial framework musto be stepped upignificantly stepped up, including the support to EU agencies like the EUSPA, the EU Sat Centre and the EDA; stresses, in particular, the need to increase funding for space traffic management and space surveillance with a view to protecting the EU’s space infrastructure and addressing threats; draws attention to the need to achieve coherence in and provide visibility for all the different types of funding allocated via instruments to European space policy;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Highlights the fragmentation of competences in the EU approach to space and defence, with competences split between the Commission, the EEAS, the EUMC, the EUMS, the EUSPA, national defence authorities, national space agencies, the EU Sat Centre, the EDA, and other non-EU bodies such as ESA; Calls the Commission and the Council to reflect on a more integrated and clear governance for the competences related to space and defence, in order to avoid duplication;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18 a (new)
Paragraph 18 a (new)
18a. Is concerned by situations where the decision to allow or suspend the use of satellite communication networks is left to private companies and their impact on the conduct of military operations, considering the increasing role that "New Space" private space companies play; calls for the establishment of specific measures to ensure that private space companies providing a service are considered, in times of crisis, as private entities with a public service mission in order to prevent any suspension or degraded access to space services, in particular satellite communication;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Stresses that changes to Copernicus services to enable it to meet defence requirementWelcomes the reflexion set out in the strategy for new governmental earth observation capacities and services; highlights that only few Member States have advanced capabilities in this field; is of the opinion that these new services could benefit all Member States and the EU, in particular by mutualising investments and capacities in this strategic area; stresses that changes these new governmental earth observation services should be subject to appropriate governance closely involving the European Union Satellite Centre (SatCen); recognises the essential role of SatCen as a single collective geospatial intelligence capability that lends weight to the EU’s and its Member States’ capacity to take autonomous decisions and action; recalls the need to make use of EU Agencies' expertise in the security accreditation, monitoring and contract implementation in this regard;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19a. Stresses the importance of ensuring coherence and further develop Permanent European Structured Cooperation (PESCO) projects in the field of governmental imagery, space-based missile early warning, military PNT, defence of space assets; is attentive to the delivery in time of PESCO capability projects related to space;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Notes that the changing geopolitical landscape must spur the EU and its Member States on to reach common and coordinated positions so that they are able to set standards; supports multilateral solutions, reached within the UN framework, in the area of space governance; calls on the European Union and its Member States to be proactive in the support of multilateral solutions, in particular relating to space traffic management, and to reaffirm the applicability of international humanitarian law;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Points out thatHighlights the role of the European Space Agency must continue to play its role as a technical agency for European satellite projects andas a technical agency, contributing among others to the implementation of the EU space policy; recalls that cooperation with itESA must be carried outonducted within a framework which protectthat safeguards the essential interests of the Union; emphasises the need for increased efforts by ESA to achieve the highest standards in the management of EU classified information and projects;