2022/2078(INI) Strategic Compass and EU space-based defence capabilities
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET |
DANJEAN Arnaud ( EPP)
|
YONCHEVA Elena ( S&D),
GRUDLER Christophe ( Renew),
ALAMETSÄ Alviina ( Verts/ALE),
MADISON Jaak ( ID),
VONDRA Alexandr ( ECR),
DALY Clare ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Events
2023/11/23
EP - Text adopted by Parliament, single reading
Documents
2023/11/23
EP - Decision by Parliament
Documents
2023/11/21
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2023/11/08
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details
The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted the own-initiative report by Arnaud DANJEAN (EPP, FR) on the strategic compass and EU space-based defence capabilities.
As a reminder, the EU adopted, on 10 March 2023, its first ever EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence. The Strategy, which is part of the implementation of the EU Strategic Compass that identifies space as a strategic domain, offers an ambitious framework to protect the EU space assets, defend its interests, deter hostile activities in space and strengthen its strategic posture and autonomy.
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has demonstrated the essential need for and strategic value of geospatial imagery and secure connectivity in military targeting, manoeuvring and defence, but has also revealed challenges that need to be addressed by international governance initiatives focused on space and cyber issues, given the close links existing between the space and cyber domains.
The report focuses on five priority areas:
Protection and resilience of systems
Noting the upsurge in risks from space debris , as well as threats in space and on space systems, Members consider it necessary to bolster the resilience of European space infrastructure, supply chain systems and services.
Members highlighted the need to establish an effective regulatory framework for new space companies based in the EU, with a significant emphasis on protective measures and information security. The Commission is encouraged to include matters of registration, liability and environmental standards in new space legislation.
The committee called for the international regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management (STM) to be boosted and for the establishment of common reaction thresholds for acts occurring in space, with the aim of better protecting the infrastructure in orbit belonging to the EU, the Member States and private companies.
Stressing that the EU should not rely on third-party space surveillance systems, the EU and its Member States are called on to strengthen their efforts in the field of space surveillance and the tracking of objects in an effort to reduce the risk of collision.
Response to threats
Members highlighted that the EU and its Member States must bolster their capabilities and governance to detect, categorise, attribute and address threats as quickly as possible. Space domain awareness (SDA) is essential to detecting, tracking and attributing a threat and enabling Member States to take appropriate decisions in the event of a space attack.
The report called for more meaningful responses on solidarity mechanisms to be taken at EU level. Members welcomed, in this regard, the commitment to develop a dedicated toolbox, complementary to cyber diplomacy and hybrid toolboxes, that would help to address the different threats in the space domain.
The EU and its Member States should adopt policies on anti-satellite testing , specifically with the aim of banning destructive testing.
Competitiveness and investment
The EU is called on to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry. The report stated that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capabilities must benefit European industrial players, both long-established groups and innovative SMEs and start-ups.
In addition, Members stressed that, if space capabilities are to be developed, the resources allocated to space in the next multiannual financial framework must be substantially increased, including in support of EU agencies such as the EU Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA), the EU Satellite Centre (SatCen) and the European Defence Agency.
Governance
The report stressed that EU and Member State resilience and their response to potential hostile actions in space, particularly malicious acts threatening EU space assets such as the testing of anti-satellite weapons, must be underpinned by clear, flexible and responsive governance, thereby addressing shortcomings stemming from the current fragmentation of competences in the EU’s approach to space and defence and enhancing accountability for all actors involved in the different components of the EU Space Programme.
Members pointed out that governance must not duplicate existing means or circumvent Member States in areas such as threat attribution, which largely relies on national capabilities.
Cooperation
The EU is called on to assume a more active role as a facilitator in international norm-building in space. The report stressed the need to develop, at UN level, an effective framework for the coordination of space situational awareness and to develop norms and principles for space debris removal. Moreover, the EU and its Member States should reaffirm commitments to transparency and confidence building measures to advance new measures for space security in the light of current threats. In this regard, Members noted the need for an international legal framework regulating the activities of new space companies.
Lastly, Members support the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States but call for deeper cooperation and for alliances to be established with a broader set of EU strategic partners.
Documents
2023/10/24
EP - Vote in committee
2023/07/06
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/06/09
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2022/07/07
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2022/06/30
EP - DANJEAN Arnaud (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in AFET
Documents
- Text adopted by Parliament, single reading: T9-0435/2023
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0435/2023
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0334/2023
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE751.579
- Committee draft report: PE734.332
- Committee draft report: PE734.332
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE751.579
- Text adopted by Parliament, single reading: T9-0435/2023
Activities
- Arnaud DANJEAN
Plenary Speeches (2)
- Nicola BEER
Plenary Speeches (2)
- Angel DZHAMBAZKI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Clare DALY
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Mick WALLACE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Jean-Lin LACAPELLE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Alviina ALAMETSÄ
Plenary Speeches (1)
Votes
Strategic Compass and EU space-based defence capabilities – A9-0334/2023 – Arnaud Danjean – Motion for a resolution #
2023/11/23 Outcome: +: 500, -: 43, 0: 18
PPE
NI
The Left| Amendments | Dossier |
| 192 |
2022/2078(INI)
2023/07/06
AFET
192 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) – having regard to The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD Convention) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1976,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas currently there are neither standards nor specific regulations for the use of Galileo and its dual-use services, secure satellite communications and/or Copernicus services by Civil Protection practitioners in a Disaster situation;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 e (new) 8e. Notes with regrets the current lack of autonomous access to space by the EU, endangering missions related to security and defence; takes the view that this situation is the result of the fragmented governance of European space policy, haphazard industrial decisions and under-investment in the European space sector;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 f (new) 8f. Calls for a drastic change in European launcher policy to ensure that this situation never occurs again; calls on the European Commission to develop a comprehensive strategy for the Union launcher policy that prioritises autonomous access to space, redundancy, reuse and scalability, covering all types of missions, orbits, and types of payload, and to rely on the technical expertise of the European Space Agency; highlights the importance of both competitiveness and European preference, in order to assure the economic sustainability of the European launch sector;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, given the intensification of threats in the space sector, the EU and its Member States must bolster their capabilities to detect, categorise and attribute a threat; notes with concern that the space and cyberspace domains as well as joint and enabling capabilities appear to be less funded than traditional domains such as air, land and maritime, as demonstrated in the 2022 Coordinated Annual Review on Defence Report;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, given the intensification of threats in the space sector, the EU and its Member States must bolster their capabilities to detect, categorise
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, given the intensification of threats in the space sector, the EU and its Member States must bolster their capabilities and governance to detect, categorise and attribute a threat;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, given the intensification of threats in the space sector, the EU and its Member States must
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Stresses that the infrequent public revelations on the hostile approaches of space powers aiming to target critical space infrastructure confirm both the reality of the threat of possible malicious activities and the difficulties related to determining the exact origin of these threats; recalls, in this respect, that on 15 November 2021, Russia used a direct ascent interceptor (DA-ASAT – Direct Ascent Anti-SATellite) to destroy one of its old electronic listening satellites, creating a large amount of space debris; adds that Russia eventually confirmed that it had carried out this test, without giving details of the resources used; recalls that the reality of these threats is also sufficiently supported for it to form the basis of work carried out in conjunction with the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, following Resolution 76/231 on the 'discussion of space threats with the help of norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours';
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Union to initiate and support the demilitarisation of Outer Space, for example through the further development and enforcement of the so- called Outer Space Treaty and the PAROS (Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space) UN resolution; Calls for the purely civilian use and exploration of Outer Space; insists that the Union should lead the way in strengthening the increasingly contested area of international space law;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Calls for great vigilance to be shown as regards the development of sensitive technologies by small private entities, which are more vulnerable to acquisitions by malicious or hostile actors and which could pose a risk of uncontrolled growth;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses that space domain awareness (SDA) is essential to attributing a threat and enabling Member States to
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the strategic compass and the EU space strategy on security and defence recognise the importance of space as a strategic area in which increasingly assertive and potentially conflicting powers operate in a civil, military and economic manner;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses that space domain awareness (SDA) is essential to attributing a threat and enabling Member States to take appropriate decisions in the event of a space attack; recalls that any response to an attack must be proportionate to its nature, from non-kinetic to kinetic action, and reversibility (permanent or temporary); encourages the Member States to supply the information needed to attribute hostile behaviour, for which secure, robust and reliable communication and exchange capabilities at EU level will need to be established;
Amendment 111 #
10. Stresses that space domain awareness (SDA)
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses that space domain awareness (SDA) is essential to attributing a threat and enabling Member States to take appropriate decisions in the event of a space attack; encourages the Member States to supply the information needed to attribute hostile behaviour, for which secure, robust and reliable communication and exchange capabilities at EU level will need to be established; calls, similarly, to advance space situational awareness (SAA) sharing;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Recalls the UN “Frameworks for a peaceful world – promoting peace, international law and digital coopera-tion”, where Member States agreed that outer space must be explored and utilised only for peaceful pur-poses and for the benefit of all States;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to amend Decision 2021/698 with a view to attributing and addressing threats to space programme services; calls for more meaningful responses on solidarity mechanisms to be taken at EU level; calls for further work to be done to make the mutual assistance clause ready for use (Article 42(7) TEU), including discussion on identifying a threshold of an attack and what kind of attack merits a response; calls, similarly, the EU and Member States to increase their efforts to reach a common understanding of what types of space activities warrant the UN Security Council involvement;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to amend Decision 2021/698 with a view to attributing and addressing threats to space programme services;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to amend Decision 2021/698 with a view to attributing and addressing threats to space programme services; calls for more meaningful responses on solidarity mechanisms to be taken at EU level; calls for further work to be done to make the mutual assistance clause ready for use (Article 42(7) TEU) through testing and agreeing on the modalities for identifying an attack, attributing the attacker and preparing the necessary response mechanisms;
Amendment 117 #
11. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to amend Decision 2021/698 with a view to attributing and addressing threats to space programme services; calls for more meaningful responses on solidarity mechanisms to be taken at EU level; calls for further work to be done to make the mutual assistance clause ready for use and particularly in the space domain (Article 42(7) TEU);
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 – indent 1 (new) - Calls for the further development of EU Hybrid Toolbox with the aim of addressing the different types of threats in the space domain;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Highlights the need to foster the development of responsive space systems, with the aim of quickly replacing broken satellites or quickly launching small satellites into different types of orbits within a short notice;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. Recognising that current and future space-based capabilities and services will enhance the operational capacity of Member States and the EU for both dual-use purposes and the implementation of common security and defence policies, as well as other Union's policies in areas such as external action, border management, protection of critical assets, crisis or humanitarian aid;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that exercises are essential to testing and validating the EU’s response to space threats and calls for more frequent and robust exercises, possibly with the involvement of partner countries and international organisations;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that exercises are essential to testing and validating the EU’s response to space threats; as well as building a greater shared awareness towards space threats and cultivating a common strategic culture in the space domain;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Calls for the EU and Member States to adopt policies on anti-satellite (ASAT) testing, specifically aiming at banning destructive testing;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12b. Recalls that space systems and other critical infrastructure have been targeted repeatedly by cyberattacks by Russia during its illegal war against Ukraine, underscoring the intimate link between space and cyber domains; reminds therefore that EU responses and initiatives should be coherent from the point of view of both space and cyber issues;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry, including through the creation of Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI) where necessary; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs); supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies with the
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs); supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries; calls, to this end, for strengthened research and teaching to make Europe the leading place for the development of key technologies;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs) and, if need be, manufacturers in third countries so that solutions can be produced on European soil in cooperation with players in the continent; supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs); supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies, including in disruptive space technologies, with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs); supports, at the same time, heavy and risk-taking investment in key technologies with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy and to be able to draw upon a competitive industry; takes the view that EU support to enable Member States to develop their capacity must primarily benefit European industrial players (both long-established groups and innovative SMEs and start-ups); supports, at the same time, heavy investment in key technologies with the aim of reducing strategic dependence on third countries;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the EU Member States’ Heads of State or Government in the Versailles Declaration of March 11, 2022, placed the emphasis on the necessity of increased investment in strategic enablers, including cybersecurity and space-based connectivity, in order to enhance EU defence capabilities and effectively carry out a comprehensive range of EU missions and operations;
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls for the EU to adopt a genuine industrial policy
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Regrets the lack of ambition from the Commission regarding the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform, which could have greatly benefited from investment in space activities; emphasises the importance of investment to foster the development of strategic European capabilities in space;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Calls on EUSPA to identify and stimulate the combined use of the EU Space Programme components and future Secure Connectivity IRIS2 that are beneficial for the robustness and resilience of Members States’ critical infrastructure;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Reiterates the need for more uptake of space services by stimulating the adoption of space solutions across a wide range of EU policies, in particular concerning governmental use in the domain of security and defence, and to increase the competitiveness of the EU downstream space industry;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 b (new) Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 c (new) 13c. Highlights the underutilisation of data provided by the EU components of the space program; calls for an improved utilisation of EU space data and services by public authorities, particularly in the field of security and defence; advocates for a European preference in the selection of space data and services by public authorities;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that, if space capabilities are to be developed, the resources allocated to space in the next multiannual financial framework must be stepped up; stresses, in particular, the need to increase funding for space traffic management
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that, if space capabilities are to be developed, the resources allocated to space in the next multiannual financial framework must be s
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that, if space capabilities are to be developed, the resources allocated to space in the next multiannual financial framework must be stepped up; stresses, in particular, the need to increase funding for space traffic management and
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas there have been numerous calls at the United Nations for a legally binding international agreement to ensure that space does not become militarised and to prevent an arms race in space;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for coherence between existing instruments to be improved with a view to preventing unnecessary duplication of investments; considers it essential for funding to be properly channelled into those instruments, taking into account the capacities available at both EU and commercial level;
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for coherence between existing instruments to be improved with a view to preventing unnecessary duplication of investments; considers it essential for funding to be properly channelled into those instruments, taking into account the capacities available at both EU and commercial level; supports joint programming between the European De
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for coherence between existing instruments to be improved with a view to preventing unnecessary duplication of investments; considers it essential for funding to be properly channelled into those instruments, taking into account the capacities available at both EU and commercial level; supports joint programming between the European Development Fund, the EU Space Programme and Horizon Europe in an effort to speed up the development of relevant capacities; stresses the importance of synergies between EU
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Calls on EU Institutions to pursue their efforts in developing a European Union’s Earth-Observation service for governmental users for sensitive applications and to consider potential funding opportunities for this endeavour;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Calls for the technical skills needed in public administration and businesses to be improved by further investing in
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Calls for the technical skills needed in public administration and businesses to be improved by further investing in initial and ongoing training;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Recalls that in order to maintain and strengthen the security, defence and stability of Europe it is important to prevent the export of sensitive space technology to countries which endanger regional or global security and stability; urges the Member States and the Commission to make sure that the eight criteria of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP and the rules of the Dual- Use-Regulation are being fully respected regarding the export of space related technology;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Recommends Member States to expand space-related cooperative research, development and acquisition with Allied third countries and partners, particularly those capable of advancing defensive capabilities, resilient architectures and options for capability reconstitution to reduce vulnerabilities and deter potential adversaries;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses that EU and Member State resilience and their response to hostile actions in space, particularly malicious threats to EU space assets in outer space, such as the testing of anti-satellite weapons as demonstrated by Russia in 2021, must be underpinned by clear, flexible and responsive governance;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses that EU and Member State resilience and their response to potential hostile actions in space must be underpinned by clear, flexible and responsive governance;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas space security is essential to ensure global stability, and can help to mitigate the impact of conflict or to avoid conflict altogether;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses that EU and Member State resilience and their response to
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17a. Reminds that EU policies on space and security must be consistent with other sectoral policies on space, and that the participation of defence sector operators in the different pillars of the EU space policies and related research programs should be ensured; calls for the input of the defence sector to be taken into account in new EU initiatives concerning space, for example in the development of data transmission systems, GPS technology, intelligence capabilities and the space situational awareness;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17a. Highlights the fragmentation of competences in the EU approach to space and defence, with competences split between the Commission, the EEAS, the EUMC, the EUMS, the EUSPA, national defence authorities, national space agencies, the EU Sat Centre, the EDA, and other non-EU bodies such as ESA; Calls the Commission and the Council to reflect on a more integrated and clear governance for the competences related to space and defence, in order to avoid duplication;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that governance is unique to each component of the space programme; stresses that those components, which have major implications for the security of the Member States, require harmonised governance that involves the Member States and EU institutions that make
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that governance is unique to each component of the space programme; stresses that those components, which have major implications for the security of the Member States, require shar
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Is concerned by situations where the decision to allow or suspend the use of satellite communication networks is left to private companies and their impact on the conduct of military operations, considering the increasing role that "New Space" private space companies play; calls for the establishment of specific measures to ensure that private space companies providing a service are considered, in times of crisis, as private entities with a public service mission in order to prevent any suspension or degraded access to space services, in particular satellite communication;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Welcomes the Union Secure Connectivity Programme (IRIS2) as part of the EU’s space programmes and stresses the importance of strengthening transparency in the governance of all the space programmes through greater empowerment and accountability for all necessary public sector actors; considers this will ensure best use of budget and avoid that EU is dependent on non-EU bodies for the implementation and operation of its space programme and future programmes such as secure connectivity;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18b. Welcomes the governance approach of Galileo and EGNOS, which is crucial for the good functioning of the EU Space Programme architecture and for the robustness of the system; recalls the importance of extending this unique chain of command and clear division of task to all EU space components;
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 c (new) 18c. Welcomes the development of IRIS2, the EU space-based global ultra- secure communications system, as an important instrument for the security of sensitive digital communications; recalls that continuous efforts should be done to secure the European space activities, in cooperation with the EU Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA) and the European Space Agency (ESA);
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19a. Stresses the importance of ensuring coherence and further develop Permanent European Structured Cooperation (PESCO) projects in the field of governmental imagery, space-based missile early warning, military PNT, defence of space assets; is attentive to the delivery in time of PESCO capability projects related to space;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Points out that governance must not duplicate existing means or circumvent Member States in areas such as threat attribution, which largely relies on national capabilities; stresses, in this regard, that SatCen’s experience and expertise and its trust-based relationship with Member States and industry can be usefully exploited in this area; emphasises the need to further increase SatCen’s funding to allow it to effectively execute its operations in light of increased demand for its products in recent years;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Points out that governance must not duplicate existing means or circumvent Member States in areas such as threat attribution, which largely relies on national capabilities; stresses, in this regard, that SatCen’s experience and expertise and its trust-based relationship with Member States and industry
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Notes that the changing geopolitical landscape must spur the EU and its Member States on to reach common and coordinated positions so that they are able to set standards; supports multilateral solutions, reached within the UN framework, in the area of space governance; calls on the European Union and its Member States to reaffirm the applicability of international humanitarian law; and to call for a revision of the Outer Space Treaty, Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile use of Environmental Modification Technique, bringing them in line with technological developments and the increased number of threats in space; notes the need for international legal frameworks aimed at structural regulation of the New Space actors;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Notes that the changing geopolitical landscape must spur the EU and its Member States on to reach common and coordinated positions so that they are able
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Notes that the changing geopolitical landscape must spur the EU and its Member States on to reach common and coordinated positions so that they are able to set standards; supports multilateral solutions, reached within the UN framework, in the area of space governance; calls on the European Union and its Member States to be proactive in the support of multilateral solutions, in particular relating to space traffic management, and to reaffirm the applicability of international humanitarian law;
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Notes that the changing geopolitical landscape must spur the EU and
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Calls on Member States to engage with the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space to establish an international mechanism to coordinate the implementation of the proposed regime or governance frameworks on the sustainability of outer space, taking into account the five United Nations treaties on outer space and other instruments for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space; notes that this international coordination mechanism, developed in cooperation with relevant bodies of the United Nations system, should incorporate a platform for broader operational stakeholder inclusion;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Notes the growing interdependency of space and terrestrial defence and security; deplores that simultaneously the international norms regulating space security has remained limited; calls on the EU to assume more active role as a facilitator in international norm-building in space, in order to also enhance its own security, and to simultaneously promote internal unity and coordination between EU member states;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21b. Welcomes the international efforts of some EU member states to advance international principles for responsible behaviour in outer space; calls for the development of safeguards to prevent rising militarisation of space, including by addressing them in the forthcoming European space legislation;
Amendment 172 #
21c. Calls for the EU and Member States to reaffirm commitments to transparency and confidence building measures (TCBM) to advance new measures for space security in the light of threats today; reminds that TCBMs can significantly support growth of domestic and commercial space sectors; notes that Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is a promising avenue for cooperation and transparency;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of developing cooperation with strategic partners; supports the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States, as equals, while remaining vigilant to the risk that it may seek to steer or dictate outlooks, standards and rules that the Member States have not helped to shape; calls for deeper cooperation
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of developing cooperation with strategic partners; supports the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States, while remaining vigilant to the risk that it may seek to steer or dictate outlooks, standards and rules that the Member States have not helped to shape; calls for deeper cooperation and for alliances to be established with like-minded states (the UK, Canada, Japan) or other EU partners (India); calls for deeper cooperation with the wider international community through forums such the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its subcommittees and working groups;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of developing cooperation with strategic partners; supports the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States, while remaining vigilant to the risk that it may seek to steer or dictate outlooks, standards and rules that the Member States have not helped to shape; calls for deeper cooperation and for alliances to be established with like-minded states, including
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of developing cooperation with strategic partners; supports the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States, while
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of developing cooperation with strategic partners; supports the continuation of an enhanced dialogue with the United States, while remaining vigilant to the risk that it may seek to steer or dictate outlooks, standards and rules that the Member States have not helped to shape; calls for deeper cooperation and for alliances to be established with like-minded states (the UK, Canada, Japan, Norway) or other EU partners
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22a. Recommends that the EU and NATO should seek to promote dialogue between Member States and the private sector on space-based challenges and opportunities for shared R&D among Member States, particularly SME's and Midcaps in the space sector.
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the space capabilities of the EU and its Member States generate activities that are essential to the economy and the functioning of our societies; including in the EU’s outermost regions (OR), such as French Guiana, which is home to the world-renowned Kourou launch centre, a European spaceport;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Notes that NATO is conducting strategic reflection in the space domain; notes, however, that the EU, in its own right and through its Member States, already has more developed programmes, capacities and institutions that do not compete with these advances; calls for considerably closer cooperation between the EU and NATO, based on shared threat analysis, to be pursued in areas of shared interest,
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Notes that NATO is conducting strategic reflection in the space domain; notes, however, that the EU, in its own right and through its Member States, already has more developed programmes, capacities and institutions that do not compete with these advances; calls for closer cooperation between the EU and
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Notes that NATO is conducting strategic reflection in the space domain;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Notes that NATO is conducting strategic reflection in the space domain; notes, however, that the EU, in its own
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Recommends Member States to support NATO's development as the principal transatlantic forum for consultation on space security; to this end, considers that the Secretary General should promote information-sharing, space-based crisis scenarios, integrated assessments of air-land-sea-space threats, and regular updates on space interoperability in the North Atlantic Council (NAC); efforts should be made now to begin incorporating more space expertise across Member States to improve Member States overall ‘space IQ’, ideally via Advanced Training Courses between NATO, EU and Member State officials;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Reminds that commercialisation of space demands a new culture of space governance, both in defining norms and in implementation of those; calls therefore on the EU to create suitable platforms and institution where also non- state actors such as companies and civil society organisations are able to participate;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 b (new) 23b. Recommends that the EEAS and NATO should lead efforts to support Member States in including outer space in resilience planning, to ensure that deterrence and defence efforts remain solvent in the event that attacks or denial in space impair critical infrastructure (e.g., communications and energy grids);
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 c (new) Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24.
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Points out that the European Space Agency must continue to play its role as a technical agency for European satellite projects and that cooperation with it must be carried out within a framework which
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the space capabilities of the EU and its Member States generate activities that are essential to the economy, scientific research and the functioning of our societies;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Points out that the European Space Agency
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 – indent 1 (new) - Calls on Member States to fully comply with the eight criteria on arms exports in line with Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP, which includes space capabilities and components with military use, and that their national exports do not fuel regional tensions or undermine the security of other Member States, allies, partners or of the EU as a whole, while fully supporting the legitimate security and defence needs of allies and partner countries;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24a. Points out that the EU Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA) in charge with the provision of commercial and governmental services and the operational security of the satellites systems should continue to reinforce its role in providing strategic autonomy to the EU for the security of the space systems in operations;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 30 a (new) – having regard to the Group of Governmental Experts on the prevention of an arms race in outer space established in 2017 by resolution A/RES/72/250 of the UN General Assembly,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas
Amendment 21 #
Da. whereas the EU has lost autonomous access to space for the deployment of its civil and military satellites, resulting in security risks incurred by relying on non-European launchers, from non-EU territory for its institutional missions;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas space activities have become more common, the risk of collisions
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas space activities have become more common, the risk of collisions and debris in space has grown,
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas if we combine the expected growth of the space sector in the coming years and the fact that rocket production and launches generate emissions across layers of the atmosphere, up to and including the ozone layer, it is evident that environmental pollution risks from rocket launch emissions merit consideration; whereas this issue of the potential impacts of space activities on the environment will require further attention at the international level;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas the principle against the weaponisation of space has been described as a 'myth' by the US Department of Defense's Deputy Assistant Secretary for space policy; whereas the weaponisation of space builds on the older militarisation thereof, which is governed by the United Nations' Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas the development of “New Space” private space capabilities constitutes opportunities of innovation in cooperation with Member States but also challenges; whereas such private capabilities have been used in the context of the illegal war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine, for example when Starlink suspended the services it was providing to Ukraine;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) Eb. whereas additional normative international frameworks are needed to prevent any extension of armed conflict into outer space and to prevent the weaponisation of outer space;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) Eb. whereas this weaponisation translates into the development of means to neutralise, or even destroy, spacecraft;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas threats to the space, civilian or military capabilities of the EU and its Member States, whether accidental or intentional, have grown in number, in particular given the increased number of actors with anti-satellite capabilities, and are difficult to detect and attribute to a source, and unfriendly behaviour, whether rooted in ambiguity or intimidation, has intensified;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 38 a (new) – having regard to the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (A/RES/2222 (XXI)) of 19 December 1966,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas threats to the space, civilian or military capabilities of the EU and its Member States, whether accidental
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas threats to the space, civilian or military capabilities of the EU and its Member States, whether accidental or intentional, have grown in number and are difficult to detect and attribute to a source, and
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas the deliberate creation of debris fields by malicious actors, using anti-satellite missiles, can lead to collisional cascading (Kessler syndrome), preventing safe access to space; whereas such actions constitute a type of hybrid warfare;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas an international common vision relating to possible reaction thresholds for acts occurring in space does not exist; whereas this lack could lead to an accidental or unintentional escalation;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas threats of that kind also have major humanitarian and crisis management effects, as those capacities are often used to assist people affected by emergencies (natural disasters or armed conflicts), as well as to monitor climate change effects (wildfire, sea currents, crops);
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas European space capabilities are not sufficiently secure, the
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas European space capabilities are not sufficiently secure,
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas space is one of the fastest growing economic sectors, the aggregated annual spending of EU Member States on civil space operations roughly amounts to only one-third of the United States' spending and half of China's spending with such significant disparity making it challenging to achieve the EU’s goal of open strategic autonomy in space;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas Russia's full scale invasion of Ukraine has demonstrated the essential need and strategic value of geospatial imagery in military targeting, manoeuvring, and defence;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas commercial actors are increasingly engaged in space domain, with commercial exploitation of space is growing exponentially, also affecting space security;
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 39 a (new) – having regard to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water of 5 August 1963,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas space and cyber domains are intimately linked; whereas the war in Ukraine highlights issues that must be addressed by international space and cyber governance;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas cooperative approaches to space services are vital to detect and handle multinational issues such as climate change or natural disasters;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the findings and high level of ambition in the recommendations proposed in the EU space strategy in the area of security and defence, which lives up to the high expectations of European players in the space sector, and calls for the recommended actions to be taken in a swift and effective manner, in accordance to the EU’s guiding principle of open strategic autonomy;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – indent 1 (new) - Notes that the Climate Change and Defence Roadmap recognises climate change as a ‘threat multiplier that fundamentally affects our long-term security’ and sets out concrete actions to address the increasingly important climate and security nexus; stresses the importance of closely monitoring and reporting on climate change through the use of EU space capabilities due to its crucial consequences on the Union’s security, its effect on conflicts in neighbouring regions, migration flows, and implications on food security, energy production and international trade;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the upsurge in risks and threats in space and on space systems, either ground- (ground stations, launchers) or space-based (satellites), is good reason to bolster the resilience of space infrastructure, systems and services;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the upsurge in risks and threats in space
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the upsurge in risks and threats in space is good reason to bolster the resilience of space infrastructure, systems, supply chain and services;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the upsurge in risks and threats in space
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 40 a (new) – having regard to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile use of Environmental Modification Technique of 10 December 1976,
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point 1 (new) (1) Recognises space systems and satellites as critical infrastructure, which ought to be protected and strengthened;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to draw up a classified annual space threat analysis document with a view to making Member States collectively aware of the extent of those threats and the action to be taken to address them effectively; hopes that MEPs will be able to securely access this document in the context of the European Parliament's work on EU space policy;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to draw up a classified annual space threat analysis document with a view to making Member States collectively aware of the extent of those threats and the action to be taken to address them effectively, and call the first document to be adopted by the end of 2024;
Amendment 53 #
3. Welcomes the proposal set out in the strategy to draw up a classified annual space threat analysis document with a view to making the EU and Member States collectively aware of the extent of those threats and the action to be taken to address them effectively;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security framework to bolster the resilience of EU space services and prevent excessive fragmentation of the global space market; points out that this framework is eagerly awaited by the Member States and the
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security framework to bolster the resilience of EU space services and prevent excessive fragmentation of the global space market; points out that this framework is eagerly awaited by the Member States and the main industrial players in the space sector; encourages the Commission to include matters of registration, liability and environmental standards into the new space legislation; reminds of Member States also to invest in operationalisation of existing commitments of space treaties;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security framework to bolster the resilience of EU space services and prevent excessive fragmentation of the global space market while contributing to strengthen the European industry’s competitiveness; points out that this harmonised EU framework is eagerly awaited by the Member States and the main industrial
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; is worried of the fragmentation of the EU and global space market, in particular concerning the regulatory framework; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security and sustainability framework to bolster the resilience of EU space services
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that 11 of the 27 Member States have already introduced national space laws; welcomes the Commission’s initiative to propose space legislation for the EU establishing a common, harmonised and coherent security framework to bolster the resilience and strategic autonomy of EU space services and
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recognises that Member States respective Ministries and Departments of Commerce, Energy, Aeronautics, Space Administration and other relevant departments and agencies should carry out periodic reviews of their functionality, competitiveness and capacity to contribute to the space-industrial base across Member States and to ensure frequent benchmarks and key performance indicators that prioritise their resilience and technological advancement;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 40 b (new) – having regard to the Climate Change and Defence Roadmap of 9 November 2020,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the need to develop at a UN level an effective framework for the coordination of space situational awareness and to develop norms and principles for space debris removal;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management (STM) to be boosted with the aim of better protecting the EU’s infrastructure in orbit; calls on the Member States to consolidate their efforts in the field of space surveillance and the tracking of
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management to be boosted with the aim of better protecting the EU’s infrastructure in orbit;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management to be boosted with the aim of
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the regulatory and capacity resources for space traffic management to be boosted with the aim of better protecting the EU’s infrastructure in orbit and reducing the space sector's environmental footprint; calls on the Member States to consolidate their efforts in the field of
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Regrets the Union's heavy dependence on third countries for space surveillance and tracking (SST) data; urges for increased investments by the Commission and Member States in SST detection capacities to support the development of a more extensive European database, in cooperation with EUSST consortium; calls for a participation of all EU Member States to the EUSST consortium; highlights the need to develop a European market of SST data; recalls the role that the SST Front Desk operated by EUSPA is a good foundation for space traffic management development and operations;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses the need of raising awareness at EU scale of the importance of using the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) and new Galileo differentiators such as High Accuracy, Authentication Service, Galileo Emergency warning service – and their use by civil and governmental users in a synergetic way with Earth Observation and Secure communications in order to strengthen the operational capacity of the European Union to act in all phases of disaster risk management (natural and man-made disasters);
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU has
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the European Union and its Member States to consider supporting the establishment of an international administrative body tasked with enforcing existing legislation relating to space, following the example of that already existing for air traffic;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 f (new) 5f. Highlights the crucial role of the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) and emphasises the need for its continued development in subsequent generations to effectively address evolving threats;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet the Member States’ operational
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet the Member States’ operational needs; calls for the inclusion of the entire European space sector in its implementation, in particular small and medium size enterprises;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet the EU and Member States’ operational needs and complete the existing components of the Union's Space Programme;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the IRIS² secure connectivity constellation to be swiftly set up, with an appropriate industrial participation across Europe, and made ready for use with a view to providing constant access to secure and sovereign connectivity services that meet the Member States’ operational needs;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights the significant contribution of Copernicus to missions related to Earth observation, including applications related to security; warns of the risk posed by the funding gap of 721M€, resulting from a missing contribution from the United Kingdom to the EU Space Programme; states that this funding gap severely jeopardises the continuity of the Programme; calls on the United Kingdom and the Commission to find a resolution to this funding gap this year, particularly in light of the Windsor agreement;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for the secure, multi-orbital connectivity infrastructure to be developed into a genuinely global service, covering also areas that are poorly covered currently such as the Arctic; calls for ensuring access of public security and defence actors to common satellite services in strategically significant areas to support operation of critical infrastructure, crisis management, and situational awareness;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Acknowledges the difficulty of delineating and distinguishing between outer space and cyberspace and that these dimensions are closely linked;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the EU Space Programme and the Union Secure Connectivity Programme (IRIS2) play an important role in the context of European security and defence and in demonstrating the EU as a credible actor on the international stage;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Welcomes the Commission proposal to create EU Earth Observation Governmental Service that specifically complies with defence requirements; calls for an indebt feasibility study to guide decision-making to realise such a service, and ensuring sufficient funding for the purpose;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that, with a view to maintaining continuity of service if an
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that, with a view to maintaining continuity of service if an incident takes place, protective measures should be made more robust by systematically integrating cybersecurity requirements by design and throughout the lifespan of existing components; calls for a distinction to be made between objects used for civil or military purposes, by design, in order to protect objects whose sole function would be to help people affected by humanitarian crises;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that, with a view to maintaining continuity of service if an incident takes place, protective measures should be made more robust by systematically integrating cybersecurity requirements by design and throughout the lifespan of existing components; recalls that, in order to prevent long-term effects of any temporary or permanent degraded access to space, it is necessary to maintain autonomous ground-systems such as inertial navigation systems;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that,
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that, with a view to maintaining continuity of service if an
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Takes the view that,
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Notes that the Union's space capabilities allow it to protect space infrastructure, increase its resilience and improve the contributions made by European space assets to operational defence and security capabilities; is concerned by the real risks posed by the uncontrolled development of new technologies in and from space; calls, to this end, for an assessment and stricter monitoring of the risks of militarisation to be carried out at European level, including in particularly sensitive matters, such as access to space or operations in orbit;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production of European launchers and the long-term development of spaceports, furthering the EU’s strategic autonomy in the space domain and reducing dependence on third country launchers; emphasises the importance of the existence of geographical diversified spaceports and launch complexes;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to f
Amendment 9 #
Ab. whereas the EU space actions demonstrate tangibly an important contribution to the security of EU citizens and beyond, which no individual Member State could do alone;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production of European launchers; calls on the Union and the Member States to apply the principle of "European preference" when choosing launchers;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further and support the long-term production of European launchers, particularly the future launchers Altair, Vega and Ariane 6;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production of reusable European launchers;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production and use of the portfolio of European launchers;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Stresses that capacity for autonomous access to space is an essential element of European space policy; takes the view, therefore, that a special, synergy- based effort must be made to further the long-term production of reusable, European launchers;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make exclusive use of European launchers, launch from EU territory for their institutional missions, in order to guarantee maximum mission security; is of the opinion that only in case of the unavailability of EU solutions should institutional launches be carried out outside the EU or with non-EU launch services;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 b (new) 8b. Calls for the establishment of a common procurement platform for launch services to meet the needs of both the Union and its Member States;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 c (new) 8c. Welcomes the recent inauguration of the Esrange Space Port in Sweden, which will make the EU more resilient by offering a second launch site in the Union alongside the Guiana Space Port in France; welcomes the recent investment in the "Diamant" launch pad at the Guiana Space Port, which is designed to enable small and medium-sized launchers to be launched, diversifying the launch capabilities in the EU;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 d (new) 8d. Stresses the vital importance of ensuring the security and resilience of Union's space ports to protect the interests of the Union and its Member States; calls for the transformation of existing and future space ports within the Union into genuine European Space Ports, with dedicated EU funding for their operations and security; calls on the European Commission to propose measures in this regard in the Union's next multiannual budget;
source: 751.579
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