Activities of Jarosław DUDA related to 2021/0050(COD)
Plenary speeches (2)
Strengthening the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women (debate)
Strengthening the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women (debate)
Amendments (35)
Amendment 182 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council42 provides that for the same work or for work of equal value, direct and indirect discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to all aspects and conditions of remuneration is to be eliminated. In particular, where a job classification system is used for determining pay, it should be based on the same objective criteria for both men and women and should be drawn up so as to exclude any discrimination on grounds of sex. _________________ 42 Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (OJ L 204, 26.7.2006, p. 23).
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) Article 10 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides that, in defining and implementing its policies and activities, the Union shall aim to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 4 of Directive 2006/54/EC provides that there shall be no direct or indirect discrimination on grounds of sex, notably in relation to pay. Gender- based pay discrimination where a victim’s sex plays a crucial role can take many different forms in practice. It may involve an intersection of various axes of discrimination or inequality where the worker is a member of one or several groups protected against discrimination on the basis of sex, on the one hand, and racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation (as protected under Directive 2000/43/EC or Directive 2000/78/EC), on the other hand. Migrant and disabled women are among groups who face such multiple forms of discrimination. This directive should therefore clarify that, in the context of gender-based pay discrimination, such a combination should be taken into account, thus removing any doubt that may exist in this regard under the existing legal framework. This should ensure that the courts or other competent authorities take due account of any situation of disadvantage arising from intersectional discrimination, in particular for substantive and procedural purposes, including to recognise the existence of discrimination, to decide on the appropriate comparator, to assess the proportionality, and to determine, where relevant, the level of compensation awarded or penalties imposed. This directive should also ensure that the specific obstacles and needs of disabled women are taken into account, in compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Amendment 251 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) In order to respect the right to equal pay between men and women, employers must have pay setting mechanisms which could be established through social partners or pay structures in place ensuring that there are no pay differences between male and female workers doing the same work or work of equal value that are not justified by objective and gender-neutral factors. Such pay structures should allow for the comparison of the value of different jobs within the same organisational structure. In line with the case law of the Court, the value of work should be assessed and compared based on objective criteria, such as educational, professional and training requirements, skills, effort and responsibility, work undertaken and the nature of the tasks involved.49 _________________ 49 For example, Case C-400/93, Royal Copenhagen, ECLI:EU:C:1995:155; Case C-309/97, Angestelltenbetriebsrat der Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse, ECLI:EU:C:1999:241; Case C-381/99, Brunnhofer, ECLI:EU:C:2001:358; Case C-427/11, Margaret Kenny and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform and Others [2013] ECLI:EU:C:2013:122, paragraph 28.
Amendment 261 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) The identification of a valid comparator is an important parameter in determining whether work may be considered of equal value. It enables the worker to show that they were treated less favourably than the comparator of a different sex performing equal work or work of equal value. In situations where no real-life comparator exists, the use of a hypothetical comparator should be allowed, allowing a worker to show that they have not been treated in the same way as a hypothetical comparator of another sex would have been treated. This would lift an important obstacle for potential victims of gender pay discrimination, especially in highly gender- segregated employment markets where a requirement of finding a comparator of the opposite sex makes it almost impossible to bring an equal pay claim. In addition, workers should not be prevented from using other facts from which an alleged discrimination can be presumed, such as statistics or other available information. This would allow gender-based pay inequalities to be more effectively addressed in gender-segregated sectors and professions.
Amendment 294 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 20
(20) The lack of information on the envisaged pay range of a job position creates an information asymmetry which limits the bargaining power of applicants. Ensuring transparency should enable prospective workers to make an informed decision about the expected salary without limiting in any way the employer’s or worker’s bargaining power to negotiate a salary even outside the indicated range. It would also ensure an explicit and non- gender biased basis for pay setting and would disrupt the undervaluation of pay compared to skills and experience. This transparency measure would also address intersectional discrimination where non- transparent pay settings allow for discriminatory practices on several discrimination grounds. The information to be provided to applicants prior to employment, if not published in a job vacancy notice, could be provided to the applicant prior to the job interview by the employer or in a different manner, for instance by the social partners.
Amendment 350 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 28
Recital 28
(28) In order to make the information on the pay gap between female and male workers at organisational level widely available, Member States should entrust the monitoring body designated pursuant to this Directive to aggregate in cooperation with the social partners and competent national authorities the data on the pay gap received from employers without putting additional burden on the latter. The monitoring body should make these data public, allowing to compare the data of individual employers, sectors and regions of the Member State concerned.
Amendment 382 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 32
Recital 32
(32) Workers should have the necessary procedures at their disposal to facilitate the exercise of their right to access justice. National legislation making use of conciliation or the intervention of an equality body compulsory or subject to incentives or penalties should not prevent parties from exercising their right of access to court. Member States should ensure that disabled women, including those under substituted decision-making mechanisms, have access to justice and remedy on an equal basis with others.
Amendment 388 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 33
Recital 33
(33) Involving equality bodies, besides other stakeholders, is instrumental in effectively applying the principle of equal pay. The powers and mandates of the national equality bodies or other competent national authority should therefore be adequate to fully cover gender pay discrimination, including any pay transparency or any other rights and obligations laid down in this Directive. In order to overcome the procedural and cost- related obstacles that workers who believe to be discriminated against face when they seek to enforce their right to equal pay, equality bodies, as well as associations, organisations, bodies and workers’ representatives or other legal entities with an interest in ensuring equality between men and women, should be able to represent individuals. They should be able to decide to assist workers on their behalf or in their support, which would allow workers who have suffered discrimination to effectively claim their rights and the principle of equal pay to be enforced.
Amendment 439 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 48
Recital 48
(48) In order to ensure proper monitoring of the implementation of the right to equal pay between men and women for the same work or work of equal value, Member States should set up or designate a dedicated monitoring body. This body, which may be part of an existing body pursuing similar objectives, and which cooperates in particular with social partners and other bodies responsible for the enforcement of workers’ rights, should have specific tasks in relation to the implementation of the pay transparency measures foreseen in this Directive and gather certain data to monitor pay inequalities and the impact of the pay transparency measures.
Amendment 455 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 52
Recital 52
(52) In implementing this Directive Member States should avoid imposing administrative, financial and legal constraints in a way which would hold back the creation and development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Member States are therefore invited to assess the impact of their transposition act, on small and medium-sized enterprises in order to ensure that they are not disproportionately affected, giving specific attention to micro-enterprises, to alleviate the administrative burden, and to publish the results of such assessments. Member States shall provide support, technical assistance and training, in particular for microenterprises and small and medium- sized enterprises, to comply with these obligations.
Amendment 524 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 (new)
(d) failure by the employer to provide reasonable accommodation to workers with disabilities within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2000/78/EC.
Amendment 536 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures, after consulting the social partners and the equality bodies or other competent authority to ensure that employers have pay structures in place ensuring that women and men are paid equally for the same work or work of equal value.
Amendment 550 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 2
2. Member States shall take the necessary measures ensuring, after consulting the social partners and equality bodies or other competent authority, to ensure that tools or methodologies are established to assess and compare the value of work in line with the criteria set out in this Article. These tools or methodologies may include gender- neutral job evaluation and classification systems.
Amendment 564 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 3
Article 4 – paragraph 3
3. The tools or methodologies shall allow assessing, in regard to the value of work, whether workers are in a comparable situation, on the basis of objective criteria which shall include. These criteria shall include, for example, educational, professional and training requirements, skills, effort and responsibility, work undertaken and, the nature of the tasks involved, ability and performance, sector specific work organization, productivity and length of service. They shall not contain or be based on criteria which are based, whether directly or indirectly, on workers’ sex.
Amendment 584 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 4
Article 4 – paragraph 4
4. Whenever differences in pay can be attributed to a single source establishing the pay conditions, the assessment whether workers are carrying out the same work or work of equal value shall not be limited to situations in which female and male workers work for the same employer but may be extended to that single source. The assessment shall also not be limited to workers employed at the same time as the worker concerned. Where no real comparator can be established, a comparison with a hypothetical comparator or the use of other evidence allowing to presume alleged discrimination shall be permitted.
Amendment 589 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 5
Article 4 – paragraph 5
5. Where a job evaluation and classification system is used for determining pay, it shall be based on the same objective criteria for both men and women and drawn up so as to exclude any discrimination on grounds of sex.
Amendment 625 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 1
Article 6 – paragraph 1
The employer shall make easily accessible toprovide for its workers a description of the criteria used to determine pay levels and career progression for workers. These criteria shall be gender-neutral.
Amendment 633 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 1
Article 7 – paragraph 1
1. Workers shall have the right to receive clear and complete information on their individual pay level and the average pay levels, broken down by sex, for categories of workers doing the same work as them or work of equal value to theirs, in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4. In the case of companies that are bound by and/or apply collective agreements, it is sufficient to refer to the applicable collective agreement.
Amendment 647 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 2
Article 7 – paragraph 2
Amendment 654 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 3
Article 7 – paragraph 3
3. Employers shall provide the information referred to in paragraph 1 in writing within a reasonable period of time uponno longer than 2 months after receiving a worker’s request. The information shall be provided in accessible formats for workers with disabilities upon their request.
Amendment 657 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 4
Article 7 – paragraph 4
4. Workers shall have the possibilityright to request the information referred to in paragraph 1 through their representatives or and equality body or competent authority.
Amendment 699 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
(ba) the pay gap between non-disabled female and male workers and disabled female and male workers when they have communicated their disability to the employers;
Amendment 745 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 3
Article 8 – paragraph 3
3. The employer shall publish the information referred to in paragraph 1, points (a) to (f) on an annual basis in a user-friendly way on its website or shall otherwise make it publicly available. The information shall be published in accessible formats for persons with disabilities in line with EU harmonised accessibility legislation. The information from the previous four years, if available, shall also be accessible upon request. In addition, the employer shall share this information with the monitoring body referred to in paragraph 6.
Amendment 757 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 4
Article 8 – paragraph 4
4. Member States may decide to compile the information set out in paragraph 1, points (a) to (f) themselves, on the basis of administrative data such as data provided by employers to the tax or social security authorities. This information shall be made public in accordance with paragraph 6. Member States shall provide support, technical assistance and training, in particular for microenterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, to comply with the obligations pursuant to this Article.
Amendment 833 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 2 – point e
Article 9 – paragraph 2 – point e
(e) measures to address such differences if they are not justified on the basis of objective and gender-neutral criteria;. A Gender Action Plan shall be proportional, based on a balanced approach and shall not add an excessive administrative burden on the employer, in particular SMEs and micro-enterprises
Amendment 878 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Article 11 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Member States shall, without prejudice to the autonomy of the social partners and the diversity of national practices and industrial relations systems, strengthen the capacity building of the social partners to promote gender equality and to tackle pay discrimination and the undervaluation of work that is predominantly carried out by women, with the aim of ensuring the application of the principle of equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value in accordance with Article 157 TFEU.
Amendment 887 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 1
Article 13 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall, in accordance with national law and practice and industrial relations systems, ensure that associations, organisations, equality bodies and workers’ representatives or other legal entities which have, in accordance with the criteria laid down by national law, a legitimate interest in ensuring gender equality between men and women, may engage in any judicial or administrative procedure to enforce any of the rights or obligations related to the principle of equal pay between men and women for equal work or work of equal value. They may act on behalf or in support of a worker who is victim of an infringement of any right or obligation related to the principle of equal pay between men and women for equal work or work of equal value, with the latter’s approval.
Amendment 941 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 3
Article 18 – paragraph 3
3. Member States shall ensure that the limitation periods for bringing claims are set at three years at leastor in line with national specificities.
Amendment 974 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Article 20 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
2. Member States shall ensure that fines are applied to infringements of the rights and obligations relating to equal pay for the same work or work of equal value. They shall set a proportional minimum level for such fines ensuring real deterrent effect. The level of the fines shall take into account:
Amendment 1004 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 a (new)
Article 22 a (new)
Article 22 a Discrimination on multiple grounds Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that in legal proceedings relating to the enforcement of rights and obligations relating to equal pay between men and women for the same work or work of equal value, the court or other competent authority duly assesses the existence of discrimination based on a combination of sex and another ground of discrimination protected under Directive 2000/43/EC or Directive 2000/78/EC and takes due account of such circumstances for substantive and procedural purposes.
Amendment 1018 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 26 – paragraph 2
Article 26 – paragraph 2
2. Each Member State shall designate a body (‘monitoring body’) for the monitoring and support of the implementation of national legal provisions implementing this Directive and shall make the necessary arrangements for the proper functioning of such body. The monitoring body may be part of existing bodies or structures at national level. It shall work closely with the social partners involved in the application of the principle of equal pay.
Amendment 1036 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 26 – paragraph 3 – point c
Article 26 – paragraph 3 – point c
(c) to aggregate data received from employers pursuant to Article 8(6), and publish this data in a user-friendly manner and in an accessible manner for disabled persons in accordance with EU harmonised accessibility legislation;
Amendment 1065 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with up-to-date gender pay gap data annually and in a timely manner. These statistics shall be broken down by gender, economic sector, working time (full-time/part-time), economic control (public/private ownership), disability and age and be calculated on an annual basis.
Amendment 1067 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Article 28 – paragraph 1
Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with up-to-date gender pay gap data annually and in a timely manner. These statistics shall be broken down by gender, economic sector, working time (full-time/part-time), economic control (public/private ownership) disability and age and be calculated on an annual basis.
Amendment 1082 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 31 – paragraph 2
Article 31 – paragraph 2
2. When informing the Commission, Member States shall also accompany it with a summary of the results of their assessment regarding the impact of their transposition act on small and medium- sized enterprises including micro- enterprises and a reference to where such assessment is published.