Activities of Marcel KOLAJA related to 2020/2216(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
Digital future of Europe: digital single market and use of AI for European consumers (debate)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers
Amendments (39)
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas substantial barriers still exist for the realisation of the full potential of the digital single market, and whereas a common, human and environmental centric, EU approach is essential for its success;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas digitalisation done with citizen and sustainable environment goals in mind has the potential to add significant value to the single market as a whole, and is important for both traditional and non- traditional sectors and can be a competitive advantage on the global market;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Recalls that AI should be used in a fair and ethical manner fully compliandt with due respect for Union values and principles, human rights, freedom of expression, the right to privacy, data protection, non- discrimination, media pluralism and cultural diversity;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas the digital transition requires increased investment in key enablers of the digital economy and coordination with Green transition policies;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas AI is, to a certain extent, already subject to many existing legislative requirements;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas we need to build public trust in AI whileby including by default the full respect of fundamental rights, consumer protection, data protection and security and fostering innovation in Europe;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Stresses the crucial importance of a coherent visionstrategy at Union level in order to address the challenges of achieveing a genuine digital single market within an AI-powered society that would fully benefit users; believes that AI must be human-centred and trustworthy in order to truly empower citizens and society as a whole;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Believes the EU needs to become a world leader in digital innovation; considers that the digital single market is about removing national barriers and synergies and enhancing the benefits for the European citizens, therefore having a better organised and common European approach for market integration and harmonisation can contribute to that result; believes that further actions are needed at both Member State and EU level to achieve this, including by eliminating unjustified geo-blocking;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. DeploresWarns against the omission of culture from AI strategies and policy recommendations at both national and Union level; stresses the need to set up a clear legal framework that prioritisesconsidering culture in order to bring the Union to the forefront of AI-driven innovation and value creation worldwide and to maximise its benefits, while assessing its potential risks for society;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Believes that human and environmental centric digitalisation and technologies such as AI will be important for achieving the objectivetargets of the Green Deal and for economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisisto overcome some of the difficulties created by the COVID-19 crisis; points out the potential of digital solutions, such as teleworking and AI applications, to support the participation of people with disabilities in the Digital Single Market; considers that the COVID-19 crisis also offers an opportunity to speed up digitalisation, and that the digital transformation must serve the public interest overall;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Highlights that the Commission should adopt a balancn evidence based approach to legislation in order to create a digital single market that is competitive, accessible, technologically neutral, innovation- friendly, human-centric and trustworthy, and that builds a secure data society and economy;
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Points out that SMEs and other economic actors should use cooperation as much as possible, working in an ecosystem that benefits citizens and is able to support growth. The use of open source is a path towards open and sustainable digital transformation, both through open source software and open hardware - progressing towards European strategic autonomy in digital;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4b. Calls on the Commission to assess the environmental impact of data sharing and the infrastructures required to ensure a sustainable digital deployment in line with the Green Deal; stresses that, despite the current high carbon footprint of development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, robotics and related technologies, those technologies can contribute to the reduction of the current environmental footprint; calls for the introduction of an EU digital sustainability index based on an analysis of product life cycles;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Points out that AI can be an effective tool for tool to help enforcing the rules on online content, such as illegal content or fake news, through automated content filtering, andlagging, which can also be used to implement the ‘notice, take down and stay down’ and action' mechanisms; stresses, however, that AI may poses significant challenges to fundamental rights, in particular freedom of expression, as well as access to information, cultural diversity and media pluralism;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Calls on the Commission to increase support for key enableing sectors of the digital economy; stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-in for public data collection processes and calls for all Union public procurement processes and funding programmes to include open data access, mandatory interoperability and portability requirements, as well as to promote the use of open-source software and hardware;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. Reminds that Article 13 of Charter of fundamental rights in the EU on Freedom of the arts and sciences states that the arts and scientific research must be free of constraint and that academic freedom must be respected; recalls the violation of artistic freedoms in Europe summarised in "the state of artistic freedom 2020" report;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls, therefore, for a balancedn approach between the deployment of automated enforcement andrespecting fundamental rights, and in line with the applicable regulatory framework, such as the AVMSD, the Copyright Directive and the future DSA.
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11a. Stresses that enabling sharing and access to essential and well-defined data sets will be key to fully unlock the potential of the Green Deal; calls on the Commission to assess which datasets are essential for the ecological transition in the context of sustainable products and services, inter alia in product manufacturing, transportation, carbon, energy and biodiversity impact, as well as their end-of life handling; calls on the Commission to consider extending the scope of the high value datasets defined in Directive(EU) 2019/1024 on Open Data to private actors;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 b (new)
Paragraph 11 b (new)
11b. Believes that there is an urgent need to incentivise access to the data that is currently locked in the private sector, while ensuring that the use of public money always result in public data; in that regard, calls for the establishment of a “public money, public data” principle and call for incentives meant to give SMEs access to non personal data produced by other private stakeholders in a voluntary and mutually benefiting process;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Recalls that we need a data economy that works for the entire EU, as it is a key enabler of digitalisation; believes that it is important for the EU to guarantee a high degree of control over data, with clear and balanced rules on intellectual property rights (IPR), but considers it essential to maintain openness towards third countries, and that the free flow of non-personal data across borders is important; considers it essential to maintain openness towards third countries;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. WBelcomesieves that the Digital Services Act proposed by the Commission; believes that this should contribute to supporting innovation, and removing unjustified and disproportionate barriers and restrictions to the provision of digital services while improving consumer protection;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13a. Calls for further support for European trade competition regulation making sure that European market will be active, highly competitive and resistant to foreign take overs; considers that further support is needed on screening procedures for further investment, with special scrutiny to be given to take overs of technological companies including SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14a. Highlights that the sharing of data should be used to enhance competition; emphasises the need for adequate safeguards against market failures on data markets; suggests that the Commission takes advantage of the review of horizontal and vertical competition guidelines to introduce new tools to counter excessive market concentration, inherent to data markets, including, inter alia ongoing monitoring for at-risk- markets and, where necessary, ex-ante regulation;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 b (new)
Paragraph 14 b (new)
14b. Calls to avoid encouraging a business model based on restricting access to data and knowledge, which is especially harmful to SMEs; therefore cautions against pushing for new IPR limitations and the use of trade secrets as a barrier, while advocating for removing restrictions on databases and ensuring that public data maintains its open character and cannot be privatised; reminds that according to the first evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases, the introduction of a new “sui generis right” has led to a decrease in the production of European produced databases; therefore encourages the Commission to repeal Directive 96/9/EC;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Strongly believes that AI can be a force for goodhas the potential to improve certain areas for all European citizens, and offer significant benefits and value for the economy, safety, security, education, healthcare, transport and the environmentbenefits for the economy; believes the security, inclusivenessnon- discrimination, accessibility and fairness, especially for groups in vulnerable situations, of AI-driven products and services need to be ensured;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Welcomes the Commission’s white paper on AI, and calls on the Commission to develop a common EU regulatory framework for AI that is risk-based, proportionatemore detailed than high and low risk, and clear;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19a. Calls to safeguard that there is always human control over algorithms and ensure that proper and effective redress mechanisms are in place; in that regard, calls to ensure that algorithms are openly auditable; calls for a ban on facial recognition algorithms for the wide damage they pose to fundamental rights of individuals;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Notes that, to varying degrees, AI is already subject to current European legislation, and calls on the Commission to issue clear guidance on the functioning and synergy between any current applicable legislation and any proposed new measures; considers it important not to over-regulate AI;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Considers that AI is a fast moving technology that requires effective legislation; believes that achieve this AI needs to be functionally and broadly defined in a manner that covers all automated decision- making, complex algorithmic-based systems and machine or deep learning processes so any regulatory measures can remain flexible and adaptable in order to take into account future developments;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Believes that such a framework should be based on an ethical, human- centric and principle-basedfundamental rights approach throughout the design, development and life cycle of AI products based on the preservation of fundamental rights and the principles of transparency, explainability (when relevant), and accountability;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Believes that the scope of new regulatory requirements should be scaled so that AI deemed to pose the highest risk is subject to the most stringent regulatory requirements; calls on the Commission to develop an objective methodology for calculating the risk of harm, in addition to what already by exists in current consumer legislation; believes that such a methodology should avoid a restrictive, binary approach that could quickly become obsolete, and instead focus on the context, application and specific use of AI;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Considers that a voluntary labelling scheme for trustworthy AI, based on clear and common guidance drawn up by the Commissionhigh level of protection of data and open technology for trustworthy AI, could help improve consumer trust;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. cCalls on the Commission and the Member States to makevaluate the use of innovative regulatory tools such as ‘regulatory sandboxes’ to help provide a clear path to scale-up for start-ups and small companies, regardless of the risk profile of their product; believes that these tools can help encourage innovation if applied in a controlled environment and without any detriment to consumer protection and other applicable rights;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 a (new)
Paragraph 29 a (new)
29a. Points out that the most efficient way of reducing bias in data based systems is by ensuring that the maximum of non-personal data is available to train them, for which it is necessary to limit any unnecessary barrier to text-and-data mining, and to facilitate cross-border uses; notes in addition that public domain or freely licensed data are often used by AI and machine learning developers when selecting training data, both for ease of access and to avoid potential infringement liability exposure; believes therefore that publishing data under free licenses should be encouraged in order to prevent selection bias in training data, as it could lead to harmful bias in results; emphasises the need to address remaining uncertainties related to the legal performance of text and data mining that developers may still face;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. Believes that the use of high-risk AI should be limited to specific and clearly warranted purposesclearly defined, multi-level , in full respect of the applicable law and subject to transparency obligations; underlines that this will be decisive for ensuring public trust and support for the necessity and proportionality of the deployment of such technologies; calls on the Commission to carefully consider whether there are certainconsider use cases, situations or practices for which specific technical standards, including underlying algorithms, should be adopted; deems necessary, should such technical standards be adopted, that these are regularly reviewed by competent authorities and re-evaluated, given the fast pace of technological development;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Calls on the Member States to encourage and support the establishment of specialised review boards for AI products and services in the Member States to assess the potential benefits and potential harm stemming from high-risk, impactful AI- based projects;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32 a (new)
Paragraph 32 a (new)
32a. Calls for impact assessments on the consequences of a digital future on people; recalls that those without digital skills are left behind and digital infrastructure cannot evolve and function without proper operators; calls for mitigation of negative impact through reskilling and upskilling; underlines that the gender dimension needs to be taken into account, given the insufficient representation of women in STEM and digital companies;