Activities of Sylwia SPUREK related to 2020/2035(INL)
Plenary speeches (1)
Combating gender-based violence: cyberviolence (debate)
Reports (1)
REPORT with recommendations to the Commission on combating gender-based violence: cyberviolence
Amendments (111)
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 4 a (new)
Citation 4 a (new)
— having regard to the Commission communication of 12 November 2020 entitled ‘LGBTIQ Equality Strategy (2020-2025)’,
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 a (new)
Citation 5 a (new)
— having regard to the Commission’s Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online, launched in May 2016 and to its fifth evaluation round, resulting in the document ‘Factsheet – 5th monitoring round of the Code of Conduct’,
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 a (new)
Citation 5 a (new)
— having regard to the Commission communication of 12 November 2020 entitled ‘LGBTIQ Equality Strategy (2020-2025)’,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)
Citation 6 a (new)
— having regard to its resolution of 10 June 2021 on promoting equality in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and careers,
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 7 a (new)
Citation 7 a (new)
— having regard to its resolution of 11 March 2021 on the declaration of the EU as an LGBTIQ Freedom Zone 1a, _________________ 1a P9_TA(2021)0089
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 7 a (new)
Citation 7 a (new)
— having regard to its resolution of 11 March 2021 on the declaration of the EU as an LGBTIQ Freedom Zone,1a _________________ 1a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2021)0089
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 7 b (new)
Citation 7 b (new)
— having read to its resolution of 12 September 2017 on the proposal for a Council decision on the conclusion, by the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence,
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 a (new)
Citation 10 a (new)
— having regard to the UN reports of Special Rapporteurs on violence against women, in particular the report of 18 June 2018 on online violence against women (A/HRC/38/47), the report of 6 May 2020 on combating violence against women journalists (A/HRC/44/52) and the report of 24 July 2020 on Intersection between the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic and the pandemic of gender-based violence against women, with a focus on domestic violence and the “peace in the home” initiative (A/75/144),
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 b (new)
Citation 10 b (new)
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 16 a (new)
Citation 16 a (new)
— having regard to the Fundamental Rights Agency’s ‘EU LGBTI Survey II: A long way to go for LGBTI equality',1a _________________ 1a https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra _uploads/fra-2020-lgbti-equality-1_en.pdf
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas the first objective of the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020- 2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’; whereas the Union’s LGBTIQ Equality Strategy recalls that everyone has a right to safety, be it at home, in public or online;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender norms and stereotypes, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by menand girls in all their diversity by men; whereas gender-based violence also occurs due to perceived deviation from gender norms;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in patriarchal structures, the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender stereotypes, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women and LGBTI people by men;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas violence against women and LGBTI persons and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked with, and inseparable from, offline violence because they can precede, accompany or continue them;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas violence against women and girls and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked and inseparable from offline violence because they can precede, accompany or continue them;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
C a. whereas gender-based violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; whereas the greater use of the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic increases online and ICT-facilitated gender-based violence;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence are cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullyincluding the accessing, trollaking, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolencesharing as well as the creation and manipulation of data or images, including intimate data, without consent, and hate speech online, coercive control by digital surveillance and control of the communications via stalkerware and spyware apps; whereas some Member States have adopted specific legislations on some of thoese particularspecific forms only;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing, dead- naming and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender- based cyberviolence; whereas some Member States have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas hate speech against LGBTI persons is pervasively common, in particular online, and legislation is notably absent from some Member States’ legislative framework to prevent, address and sanction such forms of online abuse; whereas, at present, 15 Member States do not include gender identity in hate speech legislation; whereas the Commission has proposed to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ under Article 83(1) TFEU to cover hate crime and hate speech, including when targeted at LGBTIQ people;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon there is a lack of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data on all forms of gender- based cyberviolence, the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of case; whereas despite a growing awareness of this phenomenon, the lack of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data collection on all forms of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the European added value assessment onlack of comparable data is also the result of a lack of harmonisation in the definitions linked to gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the Union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking; whereas comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data is essential to document all forms of gender-based violence and its root causes;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
E a. whereas gender-based violence continues to be underreported in the EU; whereas by equipping police officers with the soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all victims of all forms of gender-based violence they can help to address underreporting, re- victimisation and create a safer environment for survivors of gender- based violence; whereas ensuring accessible reporting procedures and mechanisms, as well as remedies, is indispensable to promote a safer environment for all survivors of gender- based violence;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)
Recital E b (new)
E b. whereas the EAVA on gender- based cyberviolence estimates that 4 to 7% of women in the EU have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3%have experienced cyber stalking; whereas the World Wide Web Foundation survey conducted in 2020 among respondents from 180 countries revealed that 52 % of young women and girls have experienced online abuse such as sharing of private images, videos or messages without their consent, mean and humiliating messages, abusive and threatening language, sexual harassment and false content, and 64 % of respondents stated they know someone who have experienced it; whereas according to this survey, women are more skeptical with regard to tech companies using their data responsibly;
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas women in all their diversity can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discriminationtargeting of LGBTI persons is often on the grounds of their gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination increase the exposure to violence for women belonging to ethnic minorities, with disabilities, as well as lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex women, and can exacerbate the consequences of gender- based cyberviolence;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discriminatiointersectional forms of discrimination can exacerbate the consequences of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas women and girls belonging to ethnic or religious communities, racialized women and girls, women can exacerbate the consequences of gender-based cyberviolenced girls with disabilities, LGBTI people or teenagers, are bigger targets to online attacks;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, activists, artists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas some women and LGBTI persons, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
G a. whereas gender-based cyberviolence often led to self-censorship and this situation can have a detrimental impact on the professional lives and reputations of survivors of gender-based cyberviolence, particularly of women journalists, politicians, activist, artists, bloggers and human rights defenders; whereas the violent and gendered nature of the threats makes that they often resort to the use of pseudonyms, maintain low online profiles, decide to suspend, deactivate or permanently delete their online accounts, or even to leave their profession entirely;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
H. whereas gender-based cyberviolence impacts on mental and physical health, on the full exercise of fundamental rights and even on democracy, and has consequences on society, including an economic impact;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Welcomes the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the Commission as a tool to combat violence against women in all their diversity and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Highlights that systemic and social discrimination, including gender, racial and economic discrimination, are reproduced and magnified online; recalls that these discriminations intersect, resulting in more extreme consequences for migrant women, women from ethnic or religious communities and racialized groups, women with functional diversity, LGBTI people and teenagers; recalls that structural discrimination, patriarchal structures and the unequal distribution of power are some of the main root causes of gender-based violence; underlines the urgency to tackle the root causes of gender-based violence and calls on the Commission to take this approach into account in its future proposal;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Welcomes the Commission’s commitments under the LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025 concerning hate speech online, and the proposal to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ under Article 83(1) TFEU to cover hate crime and hate speech, including when targeted at LGBTIQ people;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; highlights that many LGBTI persons were forced to be confined with family members, legal guardians or co-habitants who harassed, abused or exposed them to violence; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through specialised shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse, which can be physical, sexual, psychological or economic, because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls onurges Member States to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence,all human rights violations, including gender-based cyberviolence; stresses that gender-based cyberviolence has additional transnational implications considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ICT;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness -raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; adequate national legislation, including criminal justice legislation, as well as specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence such as educational programmes to address the root causes of gender-based violence in order to remove gender stereotypes and change social and cultural attitudes and programmes on digital education, literacy and skills, as well as policies and programmes to support and ensure reparation for the victims, including measures and education/trainings for justice officials and police forces for a better care of the victims of gender-based cyberviolence who decide to file complaints and face many obstacles when they want to do so, and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts, including by revising and amending the current national provisions related to restraining orders that do not include breaching restraining orders through cyberviolence;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. Highlights that the failure to address the lack of trust and confidence in the law enforcement authorities by survivors of gender-based violence is an important contributor for underreporting; calls on the Member States to invest in training and capacity building of police officers to equip them with the soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all survivors of gender-based violence to address underreporting, re-victimisation and create a safer environment for survivors; recalls the need to ensure accessible and safe reporting procedures and mechanisms, as well as remedies for survivors of gender-based violence; urges the Commission and the Member States to step up efforts in this direction;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence; recalls that comprehensive disaggregated and comparable data would help to measure the scale of the phenomenon and to find solutions; calls on the Member States to collect and provide the relevant data when requested, including to Eurostat; welcomes the Commission’s commitment to carry out a EU survey on gender-based violence with the results to be presented in 2023;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health and may lead to self-harm and suicidal ideation;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, and fear or even suicidal thoughts, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates psychological, social and economic consequencesimpacts; notes that gender-based cyberviolence affects women and girls in different ways as a consequence of overlapping forms of discrimination based, on top of their gender, on their sexual orientation, race, religion or disability, among other, and recalls that an intersectional approach is crucial to understanding these specific forms of discrimination;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to women and girls belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards gender-based cyberviolence and to develop specific free of charge support services and educational programmes, including emergency and long-term support, such as psychological, medical, legal, practical and socio-economic support, and programmes, particularly on digital education, literacy and skills, dedicated to those specific groups;
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Is concerned that most perpetrators of gender-based violence are men; underlines the essential role of education to promote and address the equal status and power relation between men and women, boys and girls, as well as to eliminate gender stereotypes, biases and patriarchal gender norms; is further concerned that men’s violence against women often starts with boy’s violence against girl’s, and considers that measures to address this phenomenon must start at an early age;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Deplores the fact that gender-based cyberviolence reduces the participation of women in publicand LGBTI people from public life and debate which, as a consequence, erodegrades theour democratic principles of the Unioncy and prevents women and LGBTI people to fully enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms; further deplores that gender-based cyberviolence also leds to self-censorship; regrets that thatis ‘silencing effect’ has been particularly aimed at targeting women activists, journalists and, politicians, human rights defenders, artists and bloggers, with the intention of discouraging the presence of women in the political life and decision- making spheres; is concerned that the chilling effect caused by gender-based cyberviolence is often spilled over into reality offline;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Recallgrets the fact that the gender gap exists across all digital technology domains, including new technologies such as AI, but is especially concerned about the gender gap in the field of technological innovation and research; reminds that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls’ entry into the ICT and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ICT sector through education,urges the Commission and the Member States to tackle the gender gap particularly in sectors such as the ICT and STEM, notably through facilitating the access of women and girls to education and academia in these sectors, and promoting awareness- raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in these sectors, in particular in decision-making positions;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Recalls that gender norms and stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ICT and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ICT sector through education, awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Recalls that the labelling of LGBTI persons as an ‘ideology’ is spreading in online and offline communication and the same is true with regard to ongoing campaigning against so-called ‘gender ideology’ or in favour of ‘anti-gender movements’; highlights that LGBTI activists are often the targets of defamation campaigns, online hate speech and cyberbullying and abuse due to their advocacy work for LGBTI equality;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Points out that discourses around information and communication technology, participation, access rights and safety in technology and online are often not informed by a narrative of gender-based violence despite its prevalence;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 b (new)
Paragraph 11 b (new)
11 b. Takes note of the Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online, promoted by the Commission, and of its fifth evaluation round, which found that most of the IT companies should improve their feedback to users’ notifications; recalls that civil society organisations should be included in evaluations and reviews of the Code of Conduct; highlights that the IT companies participating in the Code of Conduct only review requests for removal against their terms and conditions and community guidelines; acknowledges that while IT companies could have a supporting role, a wide margin of discretion to determine what violates their terms and conditions has been left to them;
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Underlines the need to protect, empower, support and ensure reparation for victims of gender-based cyberviolence; calls on the Member States to ensure quality training for practitioners and other professionals, including for social services staff, law enforcement officers and justice officials, in cooperation with civil society organizations, to increase the resources to support victims of gender- based cyberviolence and to establish a clear protocol to aid victims of gender- based cyberviolence, as well as to avoid re-victimization; further calls on the Member States to ensure that the training for all practitioners includes a gender- responsive approach;
Amendment 345 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Requests that the Commission submit, without undue delay, on the basis of Article 83(1), first subparagraph, TFEU, a proposal for an act establishingthat includes measures to combat gender-based cyberviolence following, the recommendations set out in the Annex hereto; indicates that that proposal should not undermine the efforts to identify gender-based violence as a new area of particularly serious crime with a cross- border dimension pursuant to Article 83(1), third subparagraph, TFEU or any derivative legal acts onand a holistic directive to prevent and combat gender- based violence, both online and offline, as requested by Parliament in its previous calls;
Amendment 347 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 1 – paragraph 1
Annex I – Recommendation 1 – paragraph 1
The objective of the directive should be to establishis proposal is to include in the upcoming directive on combating gender-based violence minimum rules concerning the definition of the crime of gender-based cyberviolence and related sanctions, to establish measures to promote and support the action of Member States in the field of prevention of that crime and measures to protect, support and ensure reparation for the victims.
Amendment 349 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – subheading -1 (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – subheading -1 (new)
Gender-based cyberviolence is a form of gender-based violence and is defined as any act of gender-based violence that is committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the Internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman or affects women disproportionately, or against LGBTI people because of their gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, and results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm, including threats to carry out such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, in public or private life;
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 2
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 2
Aside from that, measures that aim to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to assisprotect and support victims could be established on the basis of Article 83(1) TFEU because they are accessory to the main objective of the directive.
Amendment 351 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3
The scope should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately. The scope should encompass gender-based violence against LGBTIQ persons, who are targeted because of their gender, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3
The scope should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately or against LGBTI people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.
Amendment 355 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
Although it is not possible to present an exhaustive typology of the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence that affect women and LGBTI people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, because it is constantly evolving and new forms are emerging, the following types should be mentioned and defined:
Amendment 357 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3
- ICT-related violations of privacy (including the accessing, sharing, creation and manipulation of private data or images, including intimate data without consent,specifically including image-based sexual abuse and, which refers to the non- consensual disclosure ofcreation and/or distribution of private sexual images, doxxing, and identity theft);
Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3
- ICT-related violations of privacy (including the accessing, sharing and manipulation of private data or images, including intimate data without consent, image-based sexual abuse and non- consensual disclosure of sexual images, doxxing, dead-naming, identity theft);
Amendment 360 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 a (new)
- Recording and sharing images of rapes or other forms of sexual assault,
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 5
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 5
- threats (including direct threats and, threats of violenceand calls to violence, such as rape threats, extortion, sextortion, blackmail);
Amendment 363 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6
- sexist, transphobic or interphobic hate speech (including: posting and sharing violent content, use of sexist or gendered comments and insults, abusing women for expressing their own views and for turning away sexual advances, inciting to hatred against individuals on grounds of their gender identity, expression or sex characteristics);
Amendment 365 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6
- sexist hHate speech (including: posting and sharing violent content, use of sexist or gendered comments and insults, abusingcontent inciting to violence or hatred directed against women for expressing their own views and for turning away sexual advanceLGBTI people on the grounds of their gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics);
Amendment 368 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11
Amendment 372 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 5
Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 5
The personal scope of the proposal should cover all victims of gender-based cyberviolence, with a specific recognition of intersectional forms of discrimination and victims participating in public life., which include the following: - Women and girls in all their diversity - LGBTI people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics,
Amendment 373 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Member States should implement a series of measures in order to prevent gender- based cyberviolence, having an intersectional approach:
Amendment 375 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
- awareness-raising and educational programmes involving all relevant actors and stakeholders to address the root causes of gender-based cyberviolence, within the general context of gender-based violence in order to bring about changes in social and cultural attitudes and remove gender stereotypes, while promoting responsible behaviour in the online space, with special regard ton social media platforms, and increasing literacy about the safe use of the internet;
Amendment 376 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
- awareness-raising and educational programmes involving all relevant actors and stakeholders to address the root causes of gender-based cyberviolence, within the general context of gender-based violence in order to bring about changes in social and cultural attitudes and remove gender norms and stereotypes, while promoting responsible behaviour on social media and increasing literacy about the safe use of the internet;
Amendment 377 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 2
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 2
- research on gender-based cyberviolence (including causes, prevalence, impact);, victims, perpetrators, manifestations, channels and need for support services), including studies and adjustment of crime statistics of gender based cyberviolence to derive legislative and non-legislative needs. Research on gender-based cyberviolence should include data collection that is disaggregated, intersectional in perspective and holistic in scope
Amendment 381 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3
- Mainstream digital education, literacy and skills, including in the school curricula, in order to promote an enhanced understanding of digital technologies and the empowerment of users, to improve digital inclusion, to ensure the respect for fundamental rights, to eliminate any gender inequality in access to technologies and to ensure gender diversity in the technology sector, particularly in the development of new technologies;
Amendment 382 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
- Facilitate the access of women to education and academia in all digital technology domains in order to remove the gender gap.
Amendment 383 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
- Ensure gender diversity in the tech sectors, such as ICT and STEM, particularly in the development of new technologies, including AI, and notably in decision-making positions.
Amendment 384 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
Amendment 385 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new)
- Provide educational programmes to promote and address the equal status and power relation between men and women, boys and girls, as well as to eliminate gender stereotypes, biases and patriarchal gender norms.
Amendment 386 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new)
- Promote and share best practices in access to justice, sentencing and remedies that have a gender-responsive approach.
Amendment 388 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
- support to civil society organisations working in the field of prevention of gender-based violence, including by providing financing support, as well as recognition of these organisations by ensuring that victims are referred to these by authorities and law enforcement.
Amendment 389 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 6
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 6
- promotion of focused and continuous training for practitioners and other professionals, including in social services andstaff, law enforcement agencies; officers, justice officials and other relevant actors to ensure that the causes and impacts of gender-based cyberviolence are understood and victims are treated appropriatedly, and ensure that training for all practitioners has a gender- responsive approach.
Amendment 391 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 a (new)
Amendment 394 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 b (new)
- Ensure that all measures prevent re-traumatization and stigmatization of victims of gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 395 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 c (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 c (new)
- Ensure the participation of civil society organizations in the evaluations and reviews of the Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online and ensure that IT companies improve their feedback to users’ notifications, thus react quickly and effectively to the content flagged as illegal.
Amendment 396 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 d (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 d (new)
- For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to warrant that those users who disseminate content have verified themselves through a double opt-in e-mail and cell phone registration.
Amendment 397 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 e (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 e (new)
- All measures should be victims- centred and have an intersectional approach.
Amendment 398 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – title
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – title
Recommendation 4 on protection of, support to and compensreparation of victims
Amendment 399 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1
Amendment 401 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 a (new)
- Ensure that all training for practitioners have a gender-responsive approach and that the programme includes actions to abstain from practicing institutional behaviours that make individuals relive the trauma of the attack and thus add on to the negative experience (re-victimisation and stigmatisation).
Amendment 402 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 b (new)
- Install specialized contact points in social services and law enforcement agencies with special staff trained on gender-based cyberviolence as focal points for victims to report gender-based cyberviolence in an environment that is safe and comfortable for them. Contact points should be coordinated. These measures would contribute to address underreporting, re-victimisation and create a safer environment for victims of gender-based violence.
Amendment 403 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2
- fFacilitatinge access to information in a language that the victim can understand, particularly on the legal avenues and support services, and developing specific services for victims of cyberviolence (helplines, shelters);
Amendment 405 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 a (new)
- Equip the national telephone helplines with the necessary resources and expertise to also respond to the digital dimension of gender-based violence.
Amendment 406 #
- Set up an EU wide telephone helpline as a contact point for victims across the EU and ensure that victims can easily and freely use it.
Amendment 407 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3
- fFacilitatinge reports by victims, allowing them to obtain protection orders, and developing redress mechanisms with adequate compensreparation measures;
Amendment 409 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
- Individual assessments to identify the specific needs of the victims.
Amendment 410 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
- Remove all the obstacles, including bureaucratic obstacles, that victims who decide to file a complaint may face.
Amendment 411 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
- Create complaints mechanisms that are easily and immediately accessible to victims, including by digital means.
Amendment 412 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new)
- For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to warrant the accessibility of a qualified notification procedure in the form that individuals may notify the platform with the claim that image material depicting them or purporting to be depicting them is being disseminated without their consent and supply the platform with prima facie evidence of their physical identity and that content notified through this procedure is to be suspended within 48 hours.
Amendment 413 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new)
- For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to a warrant professional human-powered content moderation, where content having a high probability of being illegal, such as content depicting to be voyeuristic or enacting rape scenes, is reviewed.
Amendment 414 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 f (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 f (new)
- Ensure that victims have access to justice, remedies, as well as to safe and accessible reporting procedures and mechanisms, particularly in the country of residence. Access to remedies should not be contingent on the filing of a complaint.
Amendment 415 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
- dDeveloping cooperation mechanisms between relevant actors, such as social services, the judiciary, public prosecutors, law enforcement agencies, local and regional authorities and CSOs.
Amendment 416 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 a (new)
- Support to civil society organisations, particularly those that provide service, including by providing financing support.
Amendment 418 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 b (new)
- Promotion of the ethical development and use of technological solutions that support victims and that help identify perpetrators, in line with fundamental rights.
Amendment 420 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 c (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 c (new)
- All actions should be victims- centred and have an intersectional approach.
Amendment 421 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 d (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 d (new)
- The Commission should develop guiding principles for law enforcement officials when dealing with victims who are reporting gender-based cyberviolence, which should equip them with the necessary soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all victims of gender-based violence. The guiding principles should have agender- responsive approach.
Amendment 422 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Develop protection and support services which are accessible to all victims, free of charge including emergency and long- term support, such as psychological, medical, legal, practical and socio- economic support, taking into account the specific needs of the victims, and give particular attention to victims belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation.
Amendment 424 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new)
Amendment 425 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new)
- Ensure effective cooperation between law enforcement authorities and tech companies and service providers, especially with regards to identification of perpetrators and gathering of evidence, which should be in full compliance with fundamental rights and freedoms and data protection rules.
Amendment 426 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new)
- Any evidence should be gathered in a way that it does not cause secondary victimisation and re-traumatisation of the victim.
Amendment 427 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
- aggravating circumstances, depending on the profile of the women and girl victims (exploiting specific characteristics, vulnerabilities of women and girls online)victim;
Amendment 428 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4
- aggravating circumstances, depending on the profile of the women and, girls and LGBTI victims (exploiting specific characteristics, vulnerabilities of women and girl, girls and LGBTI persons online);
Amendment 429 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5
- aAll actions should be victim- centred and have an intersectional approach.
Amendment 430 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 a (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 a (new)
- Risk assessments should have a section to include and consider behavioural patterns and gendered aspects of the incident, such as stereotypes, discrimination, sexualized threats and intimidation. This information should be used to determine follow-up actions and to enhance the collection of data related to the different manifestations of gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 431 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 b (new)
Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 b (new)
- Ensure that the burden of proof is not on the victims’ side.
Amendment 432 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1
Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1
Amendment 436 #
Motion for a resolution
Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1
Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1
The Commission and Member States should collect and publish disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based cyberviolence, in particular on the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence, not only based on law enforcement reports but also on women’sthe experiences of women and LGBTI persons.