2020/2035(INL) Combating Gender-based Violence: Cyberviolence
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joint Responsible Committee | ['FEMM', 'LIBE'] |
VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI Elissavet ( EPP),
SPUREK Sylwia ( Verts/ALE)
|
WALSH Maria ( EPP),
BIEDROŃ Robert ( S&D),
KALJURAND Marina ( S&D),
RODRÍGUEZ RAMOS María Soraya ( Renew),
TOOM Yana ( Renew),
DELBOS-CORFIELD Gwendoline ( Verts/ALE),
FEST Nicolaus ( ID),
TOVAGLIERI Isabella ( ID),
WIŚNIEWSKA Jadwiga ( ECR),
KOUNTOURA Elena ( GUE/NGL),
PELLETIER Anne-Sophie ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 47, RoP 58
Legal Basis:
RoP 47, RoP 58Subjects
Events
2021/12/14
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted by 513 votes to 122, with 58 abstentions, a resolution with recommendations to the Commission on combating gender-based violence: cyber violence.
Parliament stressed that cyber violence against women and LGBTIQ people is a continuation of off-line gender-based violence and that no policy alternative will be effective if it does not take this reality into consideration. Furthermore, there is no harmonised definition of gender-based cyber-violence, which leads to wide disparities between Member States in terms of protection, support and compensation for victims.
The Council is invited to activate a passerelle clause by adopting a decision defining gender-based violence as an area of particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension, in accordance with Article 83(1), third subparagraph, TFEU.
EU legislation to combat all forms of gender-based violence
Parliament called on the Commission to submit without delay a proposal for a legislative act laying down measures to combat gender-based cyber-violence.
The future directive should include minimum rules on the definition of the offence of gender-based cyber-violence and related sanctions and put in place measures to support Member States' action in the field of prevention of this offence and provide for measures to protect and support victims and ensure that they obtain redress.
The proposal should include a common definition of cyber-violence based on the definitions contained in existing instruments, such as the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime or the Istanbul Convention.
Offences covered
The scope of the legislative proposal should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately or against LGBTIQ people on the grounds of gender identity.
The non-exhaustive list of measures that legislation should address includes:
- cyber-bullying, including cyber-bullying;
- cyberstalking;
- recording and sharing of images of sexual assaults;
- remote control or surveillance;
- threats of rape or sexual blackmail;
- gender-based hate speech (including misogyny);
- incitement to self-inflicted violence, such as suicide or anorexia;
- unlawful access to mobile phone messages, e-mail messages and social media accounts;
- breach of restrictions on communication imposed by judicial orders;
- the use of technology for trafficking in human beings.
Member States should put an end to the pornographic industry based on trafficking for sexual exploitation, rape and other forms of aggression and abuse against women and children.
Preventive measures
Measures should include:
- awareness and education programmes;
- digital literacy measures, including in school curricula, to promote a better understanding of digital technologies to avoid misuse of social media, and to empower users;
- cooperation between Member States in exchanging information through, for example, the European Crime Prevention Network in collaboration with Europol's European Cybercrime Centre and other bodies such as Eurojust;
- ensuring that online platforms which are primarily used to distribute user-generated pornographic content take the necessary steps to ensure that users who distribute such content authenticate themselves by means of double opt-in mail and mobile phone registration.
Protection, support and compensation of victims
Measures should be victim-centred and follow an intersectional approach . They should, inter alia:
- promote mandatory training for practitioners and professionals dealing with victims of gender-based cyber-violence;
- establish national contact points within social services and law enforcement agencies with staff specially trained in gender-based cyber-violence;
- establish specific services for victims of cyber-violence (hotlines, shelters, legal aid and psychological support), facilitate reporting by victims, enabling them to obtain protection orders, and develop redress mechanisms with reparation measures.
Prosecution and criminalisation of gender-based cyber-violence
The criminalisation of gender-based cyber-violence (including instigation, aiding and abetting and attempt) should take into account the following criteria: minimum and maximum penalties (prison sentences and fines), cross-border investigation and prosecution, guidelines for law enforcement agencies and prosecutors for investigation and prosecution, and effective cooperation between law enforcement agencies.
Data collection and reporting
The Commission and Member States should regularly collect and publish comprehensive, disaggregated and comparable data on different forms of gender-based cyber-violence, not only on the basis of reports from law enforcement agencies or civil society organisations, but also on the basis of victims' experiences. Indicators should be developed to measure the effectiveness of their interventions in combating gender-based cyber-violence.
Documents
2021/12/13
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2021/12/06
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
Documents
2021/12/06
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Documents
2021/11/30
EP - Vote in committee
2021/07/09
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2021/05/20
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2020/04/16
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2020/04/16
EP - Referral to joint committee announced in Parliament
2020/01/20
EP - VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI Elissavet (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in ['FEMM', 'LIBE']
2020/01/20
EP - SPUREK Sylwia (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in ['FEMM', 'LIBE']
Documents
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0489/2021
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0338/2021
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0338/2021
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE695.117
- Committee draft report: PE691.453
- Committee draft report: PE691.453
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE695.117
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0338/2021
Activities
- Lívia JÁRÓKA
Plenary Speeches (3)
- Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN
Plenary Speeches (1)
- María Soraya RODRÍGUEZ RAMOS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Gwendoline DELBOS-CORFIELD
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Nicolaus FEST
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Marcel KOLAJA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Anne-Sophie PELLETIER
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Samira RAFAELA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Ramona STRUGARIU
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Frances FITZGERALD
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Atidzhe ALIEVA-VELI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Sylwia SPUREK
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Maria-Manuel LEITÃO-MARQUES
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Ladislav ILČIĆ
Plenary Speeches (1)
Votes
Lutte contre la violence à caractère sexiste: cyberviolence - Combating gender-based violence: cyberviolence - Bekämpfung geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt: Gewalt im Internet - A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 6/1 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 472, -: 145, 0: 70
The Left
NI
PPEA9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 6/2 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 612, 0: 42, -: 33
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 6/3 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 531, -: 115, 0: 41
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 35 - Am 8 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: -: 526, +: 153, 0: 8
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Après le § 46 - Am 5 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 397, 0: 269, -: 21
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 50 - Am 6 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 420, -: 164, 0: 102
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 52 - Am 7 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 470, -: 154, 0: 61
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 53 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 524, -: 147, 0: 18
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - § 54 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 524, -: 141, 0: 22
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Annexe, Recommandation 1, § 1 - Am 1 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 525, -: 150, 0: 14
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Annexe, Recommandation 1, § 1a - Am 4PC2 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 455, -: 137, 0: 94
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Annexe, Recommandation 1, § 1b - Am 4PC3 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 526, -: 109, 0: 53
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Annexe, Recommandation 2, § 4 - Am 2 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 514, -: 147, 0: 28
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Annexe, Recommandation 2, § 5 - Am 3 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 513, -: 147, 0: 29
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Considérant Z/1 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 611, 0: 52, -: 25
A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Considérant Z/2 #
2021/12/13 Outcome: +: 526, -: 113, 0: 49
Lutte contre la violence à caractère sexiste: cyberviolence - Combating gender-based violence: cyberviolence - Bekämpfung geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt: Gewalt im Internet - A9-0338/2021 - Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi, Sylwia Spurek - Proposition de résolution (ensemble du texte) #
2021/12/14 Outcome: +: 513, -: 122, 0: 58
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 438 |
2020/2035(INL)
2021/07/12
LIBE, FEMM
438 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 1 — having regard to Articles 2 and 3(3) of the Treaty on European Union and Article 8 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 10 June 2021 on promoting equality in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and careers,
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence are cyber harassment, cyber
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, dox
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas although some Member States have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only, significant gaps remain;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing, dead- naming and image-
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image- based sexual abuse are among the most common types of
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the existing EU legislation does not provide the mechanisms needed to address gender- based cyber violence adequately; whereas there is no common understanding of what cyber violence is or what gender- based cyber violence entails for the victims or society as a whole; whereas the absence of a harmonised definition of gender-based cyber violence in the EU leads to significantly differences on the extent to which Member States combat and prevent gender-based cyber violence, leaving wide disparities and fragmentation in protection among Member States, despite the cross-border nature of the violence;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas hate speech against LGBTI persons is pervasively common, in particular online, and legislation is notably absent from some Member States’ legislative framework to prevent, address and sanction such forms of online abuse; whereas, at present, 15 Member States do not include gender identity in hate speech legislation; whereas the Commission has proposed to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ under Article 83(1) TFEU to cover hate crime and hate speech, including when targeted at LGBTIQ people;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas according to the European Insitutue for Gender Equality, seven out of 10 women have experiences cyber stalking; whereas stalkerware is software which facilitates abuse by allowing monitoring of the person’s device without his or her consent and without making the monitoring activity known to the owner of the device as well as staying hidden; whereas stalkerware is legally available for use and purchase in the European Union, often marketed as parental control software;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 a (new) — having regard to the Council of Europe Convention of 23 November 2001 on Cybercrime,
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas AI applications can be used to generate fake content, such as ‘deepfakes’, which are growing exponentially and constitute an imminent threat to human rights and democracy; whereas the misuse of deepfakes can be particularly dangerous as it may be difficult for citizens to assess the credibility of such audiovisual content and material; whereas deepfake technology is often being used to create pornography without consent; whereas image-based sexual abuse such as fake- porn photos and videos are often being weaponized to harass and humiliate women and whereas this has severe impact on their sexual, physical and psychological health as well as on their economic and social well-being;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas technology can also facilitate intimate partner violence and domestic violence; whereas men often use, among others, phones and social networks to control, harass, humiliate and exercise other forms of violence against their partners or ex-partners; whereas revenge porn is a growing form of intimate partner violence, and the number of websites that disseminate such content is also on the increase; whereas the consequences of revenge porn can be sexual, (as the sexual encounter was recorded and/or disseminated without consent), psychological (for the impact of having their private life become public), and economic (as the image-based sexual abuse may potentially compromise the present and future professional life of victims); whereas a significant number of victims of revenge porn commit suicide;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D e (new) D e. whereas major porn websites are currently on the spotlight due to several cases of illegal content that they disseminate and benefit from economically, including videos of trafficked women and children, videos of raped and abused women, secretly filmed videos, and videos shared without the consent of the women who were recorded; whereas the dissemination of private content and particularly of sexual assaults online brings an additional traumatic element to the violence, often with dramatic consequences, including suicide;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, in order to address the issue of the eradication of gender-based violence, including of gender-based cyber violence it is necessary to rely on consistent and comparable administrative data, based on a robust and coordinated framework of data collection; whereas the Istanbul Convention and the Victims’ Rights Directive require Member States to report statistical data and to produce gender-disaggregated data; whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender-
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender- based cyberviolence, the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the European added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the Union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking; whereas the World Wide Web Foundation survey conducted in 2020 among respondents from180 countries revealed that 52 % of young women and girls have experienced online abuse and 64 % of respondents stated they know someone who have experienced it; outlining that youngwomen and girls are at a greater risk of encountering cyberviolence,particularly cyber- harassment and cyberbullying, which can have incrediblynegative impacts on both their schooling and their mental health; whereas such lack of available data is linked to the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender- based cyberviolence, the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the European added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the Union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking; whereas already in 2014, according to the FRA Survey on Violence Against Women, 11% of women have experienced cyber harassment and 14% of women have experienced stalking since the age of 15, in the EU;
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender- based cyberviolence, the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the European added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the Union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking which takes multiple forms, and is the most common form of sole or combined hate speech and has for too long been unrecognised and unacted upon;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 b (new) — having regard to the Commission Code of Conduct on countering illegal speech online of May 2016 and its fifth monitoring (June 2020),
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender- based cyberviolence, the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the European added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the Union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking, whereas the prevalence of gender-based cyberviolence is likely to continue to rise in the coming years;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas, despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas gender-based violence continues to be underreported in the EU; whereas by equipping police officers with the soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all victims of all forms of gender-based violence they can help to address underreporting, re- victimisation and create a safer environment for survivors of gender- based violence; whereas ensuring accessible reporting procedures and mechanisms, as well as remedies, is indispensable to promote a safer environment for all survivors of gender- based violence;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas the EU LGBTI Survey II conducted by FRA shows that 10% of LGBTI persons had experienced cyber harassment due to being LGBTI in the last year, including on social media; whereas intersex and trans people are over-proportionally affected (16%); whereas teenagers 15-17 years old experienced cyber-harassment due to being LGBTI the most (15%), as compared with other age groups (7%- 12%);
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas the collection of scientific, tangible and representative data is fundamental and primordial to raise awareness on gender-based cyberviolence and to prevent it;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) E b. whereas the EAVA on gender- based cyberviolence estimates that 4 to 7% of women in the EU have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months, while between 1 and 3%have experienced cyber stalking; whereas the World Wide Web Foundation survey conducted in 2020 among respondents from 180 countries revealed that 52 % of young women and girls have experienced online abuse such as sharing of private images, videos or messages without their consent, mean and humiliating messages, abusive and threatening language, sexual harassment and false content, and 64 % of respondents stated they know someone who have experienced it; whereas according to this survey, women are more skeptical with regard to tech companies using their data responsibly;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) E b. whereas a particularly-distressing aspect of gender-based cyberviolence is that victims have no information on available remedies, may be warned viciously not to contact law enforcement or may not know whom to contact;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 c (new) — having regard to the Commission Communication of 28 September 2017 on tackling illegal content online,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women in all their diversity can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women and girls can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination can exacerbate the consequences of gender-
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination can exacerbate the consequences of gender- based cyberviolence; whereas women belonging to ethnic minorities, racialized women, LBTIQ women, girls or women with disabilities are bigger targets to online attacks;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas women and men can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination can
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas the Europol Cybercrime Center, Eurojust and ENISA have conducted research onthe cyber crime online’;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 d (new) — having regard the Europol regulation, Europol’s European Cybercrime Center, and its Internet organised crime threat assessment,
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as feminist and LGBTIQ+ activists, politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, activists, artists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women and LGBTI persons, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political, social, economic, and cultural life;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence, and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also can deter
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas some women, such as politicians, women in public positions, journalists, bloggers and human rights defenders, are
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas gender-based cyberviolence often led to self-censorship and this situation can have a detrimental impact on the professional lives and reputations of survivors of gender-based cyberviolence, particularly of women journalists, politicians, activist, artists, bloggers and human rights defenders; whereas the violent and gendered nature of the threats makes that they often resort to the use of pseudonyms, maintain low online profiles, decide to suspend, deactivate or permanently delete their online accounts, or even to leave their profession entirely;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas young women and girls in particular, are being subjected to cyberviolence involving the use of new technologies, including cyber harassment and stalking by using rape threats, death threats, hacking attempts, and publication of private information and photos; whereas, in the context of the widespread use of online and social media, an estimated one in ten girls had already experienced a form of cyber violence, including cyberstalking and harassment, by the age of 15;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 e (new) — having regard to the Eurojust regulation,
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. Whereas the Commission has committed in its Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 and in the LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025 to present an initiative with a view to extending the areas of crime where harmonisation is possible to specific forms of gender-based violence in accordance with Article 83(1) TFEU, including hate crime and hate speech targeting LGBTIQ people;
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas gender-based cyberviolence impacts on mental, sexual, physical and psychological health, on the full exercise of fundamental rights and even on democracy, and has dire consequences on society, including an negative economic impact
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas gender-based cyberviolence has a direct impact
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas gender-based cyberviolence impacts on mental and physical health, on the full exercise of fundamental rights and
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas according to the Council of Europe half of the world’s students aged 13-15 have experienced violence in and around school, and nearly one in three have experienced bullying or been involved in fights; whereas at least 12.5% of school bullying cases are done online; whereas young people are now increasingly connected to social networks at an earlier age; whereas these forms of violence reinforce the weight of social inequalities because it is often the most disadvantaged young people who are the target; whereas according to UNICEF, girls are twice as harassed as boys;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas cyberviolence can lead to psychological, physical, sexual and economic harm; the overall costs of cyber harassment and cyber stalking is estimated at between €49.0 and €89.3 billion1a, including due to loss in quality of life, labour market impacts, healthcare and legal costs; _________________ 1aEuropean Parliamentary Research Service study on ‘Combating gender- based violence: Cyberviolence’ (European added value assessment - EAVA), p.II.
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. Whereas jobs increasingly involve and become dependent on the digital solutions leading to an increasing risks of women encountering gender-based cyber violence while engaging in the labour market and economic activity;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas mental health implications of gender- based cyberviolence have detrimental interpersonal, social, legal, economic, and political implications on young women and ultimately affect youth’s livelihood and identity;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas prevention, especially through education, including digital literacy and skills, must be a key element of any public policy aimed at tackling gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. whereas given the potential of being shamed and violated by both known and unknown perpetrators, the mental health impact of gender-based cyberviolence can be complex and long term; whereas the impact of shaming is multilayered and pervasive across different dimensions of one’s personal and social life and often leads to self and public blaming and stigmatising by known and unknown audiences; whereas gender- based cyberviolence leads young women to isolate themselves from social arena and withdraw from friends and families, social networks, employment, and education system as well as other daily life activities; whereas many young women continue to live with mental health challenges of gender-based cyberviolence such as anxiety, depression, and ongoing symptoms of post-trauma pushing them to isolate socially, self-inflicted injuries or suicide attempt as the only option to cope with, or end their trauma;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. Whereas the EPRS study Combating gender-based violence: Cyber violence’ estimates the overall costs of cyber harassment and cyber stalking at between €49.0 and €89.3 billion with the largest cost category being the value of the loss in terms of quality of life, which accounted for more than half of the overall costs (about 60 % for cyber harassment and about 50 % for cyberstalking);
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. whereas the growing gender-based cyber violence faced by women can prevent them from further participating in the digital sector itself, thereby solidifying gender-biased conception, development, and implementation of new technologies and causing the replication of existing discriminatory practices and stereotypes participating at the normalization of gender-based cyber violence;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender- based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; stresses that the existing EU legislation does not provide the mechanisms needed to address gender-based cyber violence adequately; regrets that the absence of a harmonised definition of gender-based cyber violence in the EU leads to significantly differences on the extent to which Member States tackle and prevent gender- based cyber violence, leaving wide disparities in protection, support and compensation of the victims among Member States; underlines that a harmonised definition of gender-based cyberviolence would facilitate the work of analysing the various forms of cyberviolence and counteracting the phenomenon; stresses that the concept of cyber violence should not be limited to the use of computer systems, but should remain broad, thereby covering the use of ICT to cause, facilitate or threaten violence against individuals; recalls that the root causes of all types of gender- based violence, including gender-based cyberviolence are the same and therefore it's important to ensure that laws and policies address them holistically;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender- based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; calls on the Member States and the EU to formulate policy responses, strategies, programmes and action plans in recognition of the fact that gender-based cyberviolence is a form of gender-based violence and to include the voices of victimes of the phenomenon, particularly women, in the strategies for addressing it;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender- based violence offline and
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that
Amendment 17 #
— having regard to its resolution of 3 February 2021 on challenges ahead for women’s rights in Europe: more than 25 years after the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action,
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Believes that the EU should aim towards agreeing on definitions of forms of gender-based cyberviolence and incorporate these forms of violence into EU legislation, to ensure that victims of gender-based cyberviolence in Member States have effective access to justice and specialised support services;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Welcomes in that sense the digital services act, aiming at creating a safer digital space where the rights of users are protected;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Calls on the EU and the Member States to undertake initiatives aiming to eradicate gender stereotypes, sexist attitudes and discrimination against women that play out online as much as offline;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 c (new) 1 c. Calls on the Member States to allocate appropriate human and financial resources to national, regional and local governance bodies, as well as to legal aid, health-care, in particular mental health, and social protection institutions, including women´s organisations, to effectively prevent and protect from gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the Commission as a tool to combat violence against women and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it; underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is deeply rooted in power dynamics, economic imbalances and patriarchal attitudes that foster the idea of women’s inferiority to men; calls on the Member States to address its root causes and to tackle established attitudes, gender roles and stereotypes that make violence against women acceptable; calls on the Commission to develop harmonized legal definitions of gender-based cyberviolence; calls on the Commission to ensure cyberviolence is also addressed, including the forms it takes through the sex industry; calls on the Commission and on the Member States to put an end to the pornography industry built based on sex trafficking, rape and other forms of assault and abuse of women and children; calls on the Commission and Member States to include misogyny in the forms of hate speech, and misogynistic assaults in hate crimes;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 11 March 2021 on the declaration of the EU as an LGBTIQ Freedom Zone 1a, _________________ 1a P9_TA(2021)0089
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the Commission as a tool to combat violence against women and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it, as well as the intention expressed for a specific proposal to extend the list of EU crimes to include all forms of hate crime and hate speech;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the Commission as a tool to combat violence against women in all their diversity and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the Commission as a tool to combat violence against women and g
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Highlights that systemic and social discrimination, including gender, racial and economic discrimination, are reproduced and magnified online; recalls that these discriminations intersect, resulting in more extreme consequences for migrant women, women from ethnic or religious communities and racialized groups, women with functional diversity, LGBTI people and teenagers; recalls that structural discrimination, patriarchal structures and the unequal distribution of power are some of the main root causes of gender-based violence; underlines the urgency to tackle the root causes of gender-based violence and calls on the Commission to take this approach into account in its future proposal;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Welcomes the Commission’s commitments under the LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025 concerning hate speech online, and the proposal to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ under Article 83(1) TFEU to cover hate crime and hate speech, including when targeted at LGBTIQ people;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an exponential increase
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses th
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 11 March 2021 on the declaration of the EU as an LGBTIQ Freedom Zone,1a _________________ 1a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2021)0089
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; highlights that many LGBTI persons were forced to be confined with family members, legal guardians or co-habitants who harassed, abused or exposed them to violence; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through specialised shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on Member States to diversify the places, such as pharmacies, where women can raise an alarm about violence to which they are being subjected, and to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse, which can be physical, sexual, psychological or economic, because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks;
Amendment 193 #
3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines, electronic tagging and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that Governments measures in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic ha
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on Member States to increase the assistance they offer through shelters, helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence, considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ICT; notes that the problem of gender- based cyberviolence is probably more significant than what data currently suggests due to underreporting and normalization of online violence against women; stresses that the overlap with human trafficking based on sexual exploitation of women and girls must be taken into account and fought; underlines that awareness-raising in relation to online human trafficking on social media is essential to prevent new victims from entering into the trafficking networks;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence, considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ICT; calls for the EU institutions, agencies and bodies, as well as the Member States and their law enforcement agencies, to cooperate and take concrete steps to coordinate their actions to counter the use of ICT to commit crimes, including online sexual harassment and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 — having regard to Article 83(1), 84 and Article 225 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 b (new) — having read to its resolution of 12 September 2017 on the proposal for a Council decision on the conclusion, by the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence,
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence, considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ICT, as well the rapid technological developments and digitalisation, generate new forms of gender-based cyberviolence, which undermines traceability and sanctioning of perpetrators;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence, considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ICT; Calls on the European Commission and Member States to adopt a harmonised legislative framework on combating cross- border cyberviolence;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence,
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the transnational nature of
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Further underlines that image- based sexual assault is an extreme violation of privacy and also constitutes a form of gender-based violence, as exemplified in Ireland in November 2020 when tens of thousands of sexually explicit images of women and girls, were made public without their consent; strongly encourages therefore, Member States to include image-based sexual assault or any non-consensual sharing of explicit intimate material, on the list of sexual offences in their national legislation, outside of instances involving child pornography;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 b (new) — having regard to is resolution of 21 January 2021 on the gender perspective in the COVID 19 crisis and post-crisis period,
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Recalls the rise of misogyny, anti- gender and anti-feminist movements and their attacks on women’s rights;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; recalls that the Budapest, Lanzarote and Istanbul Conventions require the criminalisation of specific conduct that includes or entails violence against women and children, such as gender based cyberviolence; calls on the Commission and the Member States to increase their funds devoted to raising awareness campaigns and combat gender- based violence and gender stereotypes, educate men and boys in how to behave towards women and girls online, to make a responsible and respectful use of technology, and ensure women’s continued freedom of expression and meaningful participation in public discourse; calls for funds and campaigns to raise awareness of women and girls on how to secure their accounts and communication, to warn them about potential harassers and aggressors, and to inform them about their rights and about how to seek help in case of an incident; considers, in addition, that companies and developers should address gender-based online violence and abuse on their infrastructures through effective reporting and suspension mechanisms; underlines that due to anonymity granted by the cyber sphere, ensuring accountability of perpetrators of cyberviolence against women is particularly difficult; calls on the Member States to invest the necessary resources and to implement efficient measures that will ensure accountability of perpetrators of cyberviolence against women; calls on the Commission to analyse the use of advertisements or online postings to lure women into potentially harmful situations such as getting involved in the sex industry;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies, a
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising campaigns and initiatives, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes, also targeting younger generations, to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; calls on the Member States to establish networks of national contact points and initiatives to improve the enforcement of existing rules, enhancing the prevention of gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to duly implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent and fight gender-based cyberviolence and to
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; underlines the importance of using media and social media to raise citizens’awareness in order to prevent and combat gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; emphasises the importance of increasing investment in investigating the scale and impact of the phenomenon of gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent all forms of cyberviolence, particularly gender-based cyberviolence, and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote raise-awareness
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 c (new) — having regard to its resolution of 1 February 2021 on the implementation of Directive2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims and to the European Commission's Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings (2021-2025),
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Member States to promote awareness raising, to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls on the member States to provide mandatory and continuous capacity building, education and training for all relevant professionals, including but not limited to law-enforcement professionals, criminal justice actors, members of the judiciary, health-care professionals, asylum officials, social service professionals and education professionals, to equip them with knowledge on gender-based cyberviolence, responding to women and girls as victims without causing secondary victimisation and re-traumatisation, and, where relevant, information on existing legal frameworks and international cooperation mechanisms relating to the gender-based cyberviolence as well as on the gathering and securing of electronic evidence; calls for the development of training tools for the police force, the justice system and the information and communication technology sector to empower law enforcement agencies to effectively investigate and prosecute malicious attackers and support the victims of gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Highlights that the failure to address the lack of trust and confidence in the law enforcement authorities by survivors of gender-based violence is an important contributor for underreporting; calls on the Member States to invest in training and capacity building of police officers to equip them with the soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all survivors of gender-based violence to address underreporting, re-victimisation and create a safer environment for survivors; recalls the need to ensure accessible and safe reporting procedures and mechanisms, as well as remedies for survivors of gender-based violence; urges the Commission and the Member States to step up efforts in this direction;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls on the Commission to promote awareness-raising, information and advocacy campaigns tackling cyber gender-based violence in all its forms while increasing the understanding of victims' rights and viewpoint and the intrinsic connections between online and offline violence to better detect, respond and prosecute this type of violence; calls on the Member States to develop specialised gender-sensitive programmes and training tools for the national services involved in the fight against cyber-violence at all stages, from prevention and protection of victims, to prosecution of cyber violence;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Stresses the importance of eliminating through early education biases, genderstereotypes and cultural beliefs that lead to harmful social gender norms;
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls additionally for awareness- raising programs and training to improve protection and support of victims of cyber violence;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Invites the Member States to develop a harmonised and regularly updated directory of support services, helplines and reporting mechanisms available in individual cases of cyberviolence against women, these could be available on a singular platform, which could also contain information on the support available for other forms of violence against women, and be user- friendly and accessible;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Calls for preventive measures and awareness campaigns focused on encouraging women and girls to talk about and report to the authorities any kind of cyberviolence they might suffer;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 c (new) 5 c. Calls for an European response on cyberviolence and other gendered cybercrimes, particularly on online luring of women and girls from all cultural contexts into harmful situations such as international trafficking;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 d (new) — having regard to its resolution of 11 September 2018 on measures to prevent and combat mobbing and sexual harassment at workplace, in public spaces, and political life in the EU,
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 d (new) 5 d. Stresses the need to addresses cyberviolence through good European governance with emphasis on accountability, transparency and participation and change social and legal norms;
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical harmonised, disaggregated and comparable EU-wide data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence making full use of the capacity and expertise of EIGE, Eurostat, Europol and ENISA; recommends that these datasets should be gathered and analysed through an intersectional lens and should include the profiles of perpetrators, their relationship with the victim, the means of perpetrations, the number of reported cases, the number of prosecuted cases and the number of condemnations, disaggregated by the sex/identified gender and age of the victim; notes the Commission’s commitment to carry out a new EU survey on gender-based violence with results to be presented in 2023;
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence; as the current lack of comparable data on instances of cyber violence makes it difficult to set clear and measurable targets to tackle these crimes, as well as potentially limiting the action law enforcement take in response to this form of violence; awaiting for the ongoing FRA related survey, and noting that one of the biggest problems is the under reporting of those crimes;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence; recalls that comprehensive disaggregated and comparable data would help to measure the scale of the phenomenon and to find solutions; calls on the Member States to collect and provide the relevant data when requested, including to Eurostat; welcomes the Commission’s commitment to carry out a EU survey on gender-based violence with the results to be presented in 2023;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence; obliges EIGE to collect this gender disaggregated data on online hate speech and urges to resource the institute accordingly;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence, including with the aim to conduct an EU wide study;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated, contextualised and comparable data on
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated, representative and comparable data on gender-based violence, including cyberviolence;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 d (new) — having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention and other measures to combat gender-based violence1a _________________ 1a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2019)0080
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Urges the Commission and the Member States to provide appropriate funding for the development of AI solutions that prevent and combat several forms of gender-based cyber violence; calls on the Commission to set up adequate transparency obligations for AI applications that generate or manipulate audiovisual content (i.e. deepfakes), and disclose when content has been artificially altered;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Reaffirms that progress in gender- based cyberviolence is conditional on the collection of tangible scientific data; acknowledges that public health decisions cannot be made without public data;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health and may have life-long consequences on health and well-being of women experiencing it;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, social alienation, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health and can lead to self- harm thoughts and actions;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health and may lead to self-harm and suicidal ideation;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Notes that inter alia stress, concentration problems, anxiety, panic attacks, low self-esteem, depression, post- traumatic stress disorder, lack of trust and lack of sense of control, and fear or even suicidal thoughts, caused by cyberviolence, can have an impact on mental health;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 e (new) — having regard to its resolution of 17 April 2018 on empowering women and girls through the digital sector,
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Notes that the detrimental economic impacts that gender-based violence and the subsequent mental health issues it causes, can have a severe impact on victims economically, including their ability to seek employment and the financial burden imposed on them by taking legal action; taking into account therefore the estimated annual societal costs of gender based violence (290billion) exceeding the estimated annual costs of particularly serious crimes listed under art 831a; _________________ 1aEPRS interim European Added Values Assessment (EAVA) on gender-based violence, p.35
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates psychological, social and economic consequences; notes that gender-based cyberviolence affects women in different ways as a consequence of overlapping forms of discrimination based, on top of their gender, on their sexual orientation, age, race, religion or disability, among other, and recalls that an intersectional approach is crucial to understanding these specific forms of discrimination;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates psychological, social and economic
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that apart from psychological impacts gender-based cyberviolence generates
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates negative psychological, social and economic consequences that mainly affect women and girls;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Underlines that
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Stresses the importance of raising public awareness regarding the impact of gender-based cyberviolence and help ensure a safe and empowering digital public space for everyone, including women and girls;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 f (new) — having regard to its resolution of 26 October 2017 on combating sexual harassment and abuse in the EU,
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to women and girls belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards gender-based cyberviolence and to develop specific free of charge support services
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation, such as women belonging to ethnic minorities, with disabilities, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex women, as well as LGBTI persons in general and in particular LGBTI youth, as regards gender-based cyberviolence and to develop specific support services and educational programmes dedicated to those specific groups;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to the intersectional forms of cyber violence which can effect women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards gender- based cyberviolence and to develop specific support services and educational programmes dedicated to those specific groups;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to give particular attention to women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards gender- based cyberviolence and to develop specific support services and educational programmes dedicated to those specific groups;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Member States to give particular attention to women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Is concerned that most perpetrators of gender-based violence are men; underlines the essential role of education to promote and address the equal status and power relation between men and women, boys and girls, as well as to eliminate gender stereotypes, biases and patriarchal gender norms; is further concerned that men’s violence against women often starts with boy’s violence against girl’s, and considers that measures to address this phenomenon must start at an early age;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Notes that younger age women groups are more often victims of different forms of cyberviolence than older groups3a, also due to their greater exposure and engagement online; therefore, calls for targeted prevention specifically for young women at EU level and awareness raising with the aim of reducing offending; _________________ 3aFRA (2014): Violence against women: an EU-wide survey.
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 g (new) — having regard to its resolution of 3 October 2017 on the fight against cybercrime,
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores the fact that gender-based cyberviolence is becoming increasingly common and reduces the participation of women in public debate which, as a consequence, erodes the democratic principles of the Union; regrets that that ‘silencing effect’ has been particularly aimed at targeting women activists, journalists and politicians with the intention of discouraging the presence of women in political life and decision- making spheres is concerned that the normalisation of online violence towards women participating in public debate actively contributes to the underreporting of these crimes and limits the engagement of young women in particular;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores the fact that gender-based cyberviolence reduces the participation of women in public debate which, as a consequence, erodes the democratic principles of the Union; regrets that that ‘silencing effect’ has been particularly aimed at targeting women activists, including feminist women and girls, LGBTIQ+ activists, artists, women in male-dominated industries, journalists and politicians with the intention of discouraging the presence of women in p
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores the fact that gender-based cyberviolence reduces the participation of women in public debate which, as a consequence, hinders victims fundamental rights, including freedom of speech, and erodes the democratic principles of the Union; regrets that that ‘silencing effect’ has been particularly aimed at targeting women activists, journalists, human rights defenders, and politicians with the intention of discouraging the presence of women in political life and decision- making spheres;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores the fact that
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Deplores the fact that
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Condemns all types of incidents of hate crime, hate speech and accusations devoid of foundation or formulated in bad faith, both offline and online, motivated by discrimination based on any grounds, such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation; expresses concern over the hate crimes and crimes relating to incitement to discrimination or violence which occurred during the COVID- 19pandemic, leading to the stigmatisation of some particularly vulnerable individuals;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination; stresses that the portrayal of gender stereotypes in the media as well as through advertising has a negative impact on gender equality; calls on media outlets and companies to strengthen self- regulatory mechanisms and codes of conduct to condemn and combat sexist imagery, language, practices and gender stereotypes;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10 b. Stresses that education starting at an early age is of utmost importance to combat gender discrimination and gender-based violence; recalls that the language, curriculum and books used in schools can reinforce gender stereotypes; calls in this regard on Member States to develop strategies to combat gender stereotypes in education through pedagogical training, review of curricula, materials and pedagogical practices; notes that education in digital skills such as cyber hygiene and netiquette are essential to ensure early understanding of transfer of the social rules of the offline world into the online world; calls on Member States, in collaboration with education and training centres, to identify existing digital skills gaps amongst minors and incorporate a comprehensive digital skills education plan into curricula;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ICT and digital fields;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 — having regard to the provisions of the United Nations legal instruments in the area of human rights, in particular those concerning women’s and children's rights, and to other United Nations instruments on violence against women and children,
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Re
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ICT and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ICT sector through education, awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector. However, emphasises the importance of the EU to respect the freedom of choice;
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ICT and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ICT sector through education,
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11.
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender norms and stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ICT and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ICT sector through education, awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Recalls that gender stereotypes
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Re
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Emphasises the importance of preventive measures in combating forms of gender-based violence and recognises the central role education plays in challenging harmful gender stereotypes which support the development of non- violent relationships; calls, therefore, for an EU-wide awareness-raising campaign on gender-based cyber violence which contains, amongst other things, information targeted at educating our younger citizens that instances of cyber violence are an extension of real-world violence, on how to recognise and report forms of cyberviolence and the concept of digital consent;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Recalls that the labelling of LGBTI persons as an ‘ideology’ is spreading in online and offline communication and the same is true with regard to ongoing campaigning against so-called ‘gender ideology’ or in favour of ‘anti-gender movements’; highlights that LGBTI activists are often the targets of defamation campaigns, online hate speech and cyberbullying and abuse due to their advocacy work for LGBTI equality;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) of 20 November 1989,
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to ensure a proper application of the Directive on Combating Sexual Abuse of Children in order to raise awareness and reduce the risk of children becoming victims of onlinesexual abuse or exploitation;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Points out that discourses around information and communication technology, participation, access rights and safety in technology and online are often not informed by a narrative of gender-based violence despite its prevalence;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11 b. Takes note of the Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online, promoted by the Commission, and of its fifth evaluation round, which found that most of the IT companies should improve their feedback to users’ notifications; recalls that civil society organisations should be included in evaluations and reviews of the Code of Conduct; highlights that the IT companies participating in the Code of Conduct only review requests for removal against their terms and conditions and community guidelines; acknowledges that while IT companies could have a supporting role, a wide margin of discretion to determine what violates their terms and conditions has been left to them;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11 b. Welcomes the announcement of the Commission, in its recent strategy for the victims’ rights, to launch an EU network on the prevention of gender- based violence and domestic violence and to take actions to protect the safety of victims of gender-based cybercrime by facilitating the development of a framework for cooperation between internet platforms and other stakeholders;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 c (new) 11 c. Takes note of the call, by the advisory committee on equal opportunities between women and men of the European Commission, for legislation at European level on combatting online violence against women;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 d (new) 11 d. Stresses the importance of the Code of practice for online platforms and leading social networks and its possible implication and/or role to play within the context of cyberviolence, notes in that context the importance of the accountability and the transparence of ICT intermediaries;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 e (new) 11 e. Recalls the benefits that could be expected of a dedicated legislation on gender based cyberviolence for the society, as regards the reduction in gender-based cyber violence, a greater participation of women and girls online and less discrimination, as well as a better protection of victims together with a clearly defined framework for authorities in charge, according to the dedicated European added value assessment1a; _________________ 1a EPRS study
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect, empower, support and ensure reparation for victims of gender-based cyberviolence; calls on the Member States to ensure quality training for practitioners and other professionals, including for social services staff, law enforcement officers and justice officials, in cooperation with civil society organizations, to increase the resources to support victims of gender- based cyberviolence and to establish a clear protocol to aid victims of gender- based cyberviolence, as well as to avoid re-victimization; further calls on the Member States to ensure that the training for all practitioners includes a gender- responsive approach;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect, support and ensure reparation for victims of gender-based cyberviolence; calls on the Member States to ensure adequate support services, including legal and psychological counselling, accessible to all victims of gender-based cyberviolence, including such violence perpetrated in the context of domestic violence, by equipping existing women’s specialist support services and other services with experience in this sector with the financial and human resources to offer holistic services, including legal and technical advice on the removal of harmful online content;
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect, support and ensure reparation for victims of gender-based cyberviolence in particular with regards to the provision of essential psychological and legal consultation supports; recalls the importance in that context of providing support to independent civil society organisations which provide legal advice and psychological support, as well as counselling; highlights the necessity to raise awareness amongst victims about the available supports;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 — having regard to the Commission communication of 5 March 2020 entitled ‘A Union of Equality: Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025’, in particular its first target on freeing women and girls from violence and stereotypes,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 b (new) — having regard to General Comment No 13 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child of 18 April 2011 on the right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence,
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect, support and ensure reparation for victims of gender-based cyberviolence; Stresses the need for legal and psychological resources for assisting victims of cyberviolence in order to prevent further harm and re- victimisation;
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12.
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Underlines the need to protect, support and ensure reparation for female victims of
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Recalls that young people with easy access to the internet but whose parents lack internet skills or have a lax attitude to internet use are the first to fall victim to online harassment, but may also potentially become perpetrators as they have a feeling of impunity online; calls on the Member States to take measures in the area of digital education, to raise awareness of the consequences of harassment and the penalties incurred, and to inform potential victims of their rights and the possibilities to seek help;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Calls on the Member States to develop and disseminate accessible information on the legal avenues and support services available to victims of gender-based cyberviolence and create complaints mechanisms within law enforcement and prosecution services that are easily and immediately accessible to victims, including by digital means; calls on the Member States to make support services, incluidng legal and psychological counselling, accesssible to all victims;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Calls on Member States to improve the training for practitioners and other professionals, including in social services and law enforcement agencies, in cooperation with civil society organisations, to increase the resources to support victims of gender-based cyberviolence and to establish a clear protocol to aid victims of gender-based cyberviolence, and to avoid the irre- victimization;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Encourages the Member States to cooperate with technology companies to adopt additional measures related to reporting of cyberviolence, secure online safety and women’s privacy online, including the development of tools to eliminate abusive and harmful online content as well as appropriate redress mechanisms;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Stresses the need for a coordinated approach together with online platforms and law enforcement representatives to improve the security tools of these platforms and ensure timely and accessible reporting mechanisms in the fight against cyberviolence;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 c (new) — having regard to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) adopted on 18 December 1979,
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Underlines that the social media platforms are responsible of swiftly removing all type of hate speech and this should be legally binding and also reinforced in the upcoming Digital Services Act regulation;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Points out the main role of educational staff, who need to be permanently present and in direct contact with adolescents and their parents; stresses the importance to invest in qualified training professionals to support students in issues related to gender-based cyberviolence;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Calls on all Member States to prosecute serious cyberviolence offences and apply appropriate imprisonment sentences; Stresses the need for providing training for law enforcement agents for dealing with victims, investigating and prosecuting these cyberviolence offences;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls that the Council is to urgently conclude the Union’s ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘Istanbul Convention’) on the basis of a broad accession without any limitations, and to advocate for its ratification, swift and proper implementation, and enforcement by all Member States; deplores the fact that the Convention has not been ratified by the European Union yet; regrets that to this date only 21 EU Member States have ratified it; underlines that the Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international treaty addressing the root causes of gender-
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls that the Council is to urgently conclude the Union’s ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘Istanbul Convention’) on the basis of a broad accession without any limitations, and to advocate for its ratification
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls that the Council is to urgently conclude the Union’s ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘Istanbul Convention’) on the basis of a broad accession without any limitations, and to advocate for its ratification, swift and proper implementation, and enforcement by all Member States; underlines that the Istanbul Convention is
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 d (new) — having regard to General recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Committee),
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls that the
Amendment 321 #
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as it has previously expressed, to tackle gender-based violence and to the need to have a comprehensive directive covering all its forms and containing uniform standards and due diligence obligation to collect data, to prevent, to investigate, to protect the victims and the witnesses, and to prosecute and punish the perpetrators as the best way to put an end to gender- based violence;
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as it has previously expressed, to tackle
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as
Amendment 325 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as it has previously expressed, to tackle gender-based violence and to the need to have a comprehensive
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as it has previously expressed, to tackle gender-based violence
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly reaffirms its commitment, as it has previously expressed, to tackle
Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Notes a number of existing legislative acts of the European Union, such as the General Data Protection Regulations, the e-Commerce Directive, the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, the Directive on the Sexual Abuse and Sexual Exploitation of Children, the Directive on the Rights, Support and Protection of Victims of Crime and the Directive on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, which all contain a number of provisions which can contribute effectively to fighting cyberviolence;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 e (new) — having regard to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which entered into force on 1 January 2016, and, in particular, to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality,
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Urges the Commission to include cyber violence as a framework concept in the new comprehensive Directive on gender-based violence, enabling such Directive to serve as a cornerstone for the harmonisation of existing and future legislation on forms of violence against women and girls, such as the Anti- Trafficking Directive, the Victims’ Rights Directive and the Digital Services Act;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14 b. Calls for an effective cooperative approach and information exchange between law enforcement agencies, the ICT industry, internet service providers (ISPs), internet host providers (IHPs), social media companies, and NGOs, including youth and children’s organisations, with a view to ensuring that the rights and protection of women and girls online are safeguarded and that any harmful content, for instance any content enacting cyber gender-based violence, is promptly removed and reported;
Amendment 332 #
14 c. Calls on the Commission to work with technology platforms in the scope of the Digital Services Act to address illegal online activities such as cyber violence against women and girls, through adequate policy, legislative and technical measures such as prevention techniques and response mechanisms to harmful content;
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 d (new) 14 d. Calls on the Commission to carry out a deeper analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on online sexual exploitation and sexual trafficking inhuman beings and calls on the Member States to take effective action with the support of civil society organisations and EU agencies such as Europol, which released a report entitled ‘Pandemic profiteering: how criminals exploit the COVID-19 crisis’ in March 2020;
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 e (new) 14 e. Calls on the Member States to ratify and implement without delay the ILO Convention 190 on eliminating violence and harassment in the world of work;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 f (new) 14 f. Urges the Member States and the EU to adopt further measures, including binding legislative measures, to combat these forms of violence in the framework of the new Directive on preventing and combating all forms of violence against women and girls;
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 Amendment 339 #
15.
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 f (new) — having regard to the Commission proposal of 4 March 2016for a Council decision on the conclusion, by the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (COM(2016)0109),
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Recalls that there is no common definition accepted for the recognition of cyber violence and hate speech online against women and calls on the Commission and Member States to define and adopt a common definition to the various forms of violence and hate speech targeting women and sexual minorities online that could serve as a basis for legislation.
Amendment 341 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 342 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 343 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 344 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Requests that the Commission submit, without undue delay, on the basis of Article 83(1), first subparagraph, TFEU, a proposal for an act establishing measures to combat gender-based cyberviolence following, the recommendations set out in the Annex hereto; indicates that that proposal should not undermine the efforts to identify gender-based violence as a new area of particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension pursuant to Article 83(1), third subparagraph, TFEU or any derivative legal acts on gender-based violence as requested by Parliament in its previous calls; believes however that gender-based cyberviolence would be more efficiently addressed through a comprehensive directive to prevent and combat all forms of gender-based violence;
Amendment 345 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Requests that the Commission submit, without undue delay, on the basis of Article 83(1), first subparagraph, TFEU, a proposal for an act
Amendment 347 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 1 – paragraph 1 The objective of th
Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 1 – paragraph 1 The objective of the directive should be to establish a harmonised policy response on minimum rules concerning the definition of the crime of gender-based cyberviolence and related sanctions, to establish measures to promote and support the action of Member States in the field of prevention of that crime and measures to protect, support and ensure reparation for the victims.
Amendment 349 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – subheading -1 (new) Gender-based cyberviolence is a form of gender-based violence and is defined as any act of gender-based violence that is committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the Internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman or affects women disproportionately, or against LGBTI people because of their gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, and results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm, including threats to carry out such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, in public or private life;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 g (new) — having regard to the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women of 20 December 1993
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 2 Aside from that, measures that aim to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to
Amendment 351 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3 The scope should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately. The scope should encompass gender-based violence against LGBTIQ persons, who are targeted because of their gender, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3 The scope should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately or against LGBTI people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.
Amendment 353 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3 The scope should cover any form of gender-based violence committed, assisted or aggravated in part or fully by the use of ICT, such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet, social media platforms, messaging apps or email, against a woman because she is a woman, or affects women disproportionately.
Amendment 354 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 3 The scope should cover a
Amendment 355 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – introductory part Although it is not possible to present an exhaustive typology of the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence that affect women and LGBTI people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, because it is constantly evolving and new forms are emerging, the following types should be mentioned and defined:
Amendment 356 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 1 - cyber harassment (including: cyberbullying, online sexual harassment, unsolicited receiving of sexually explicit material, mobbing);
Amendment 357 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 - ICT-related violations of privacy (including the accessing, sharing, creation and manipulation of private data or images,
Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 - ICT-related violations of privacy (including the accessing, sharing and manipulation of private data or images, including intimate data without consent, image-based sexual abuse and non- consensual disclosure of sexual images, doxxing, dead-naming, identity theft);
Amendment 359 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 - ICT-related violations of privacy (including the accessing, sharing and manipulation of private data or images, including intimate data without consent, image-based sexual abuse and non- consensual disclosure of sexual images, doxxing, identity theft, hacking);
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 a (new) — having regard to the UN reports of Special Rapporteurs on violence against women, in particular the report of 18 June 2018 on online violence against women (A/HRC/38/47), the report of 6 May 2020 on combating violence against women journalists (A/HRC/44/52) and the report of 24 July 2020 on Intersection between the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic and the pandemic of gender-based violence against women, with a focus on domestic violence and the “peace in the home” initiative (A/75/144),
Amendment 360 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 3 a (new) - Recording and sharing images of rapes or other forms of sexual assault,
Amendment 361 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 5 - threats (including direct threats and threats of violence, extortion, sextortion, blackmail) directed at the victim, their children or relatives as well as other persons affected by second order violence;
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 5 - threats (including direct threats
Amendment 363 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6 - sexist, transphobic or interphobic hate speech (including: posting and sharing violent content, use of sexist or gendered comments and insults, abusing women for expressing their own views and for turning away sexual advances, inciting to hatred against individuals on grounds of their gender identity, expression or sex characteristics);
Amendment 364 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6 - sexist hate speech (including: posting and sharing violent content, use of sexist or gendered comments and insults, abusing and threatening women for expressing their own views and for turning away sexual advances);
Amendment 365 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 6 -
Amendment 366 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 7 - self-inflicted violence, such as suicide or anorexia induction and psychic injury conducts;
Amendment 367 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 9 - "Real-World Attacks" (cyber violence having repercussions in “real life”), hacking and unlawful access to mobile, email, instant messaging messages or social media accounts;
Amendment 368 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11 Amendment 369 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11 - direct violence
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 a (new) — having regard to the UN report of 18 June 2018 of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences on online violence against women and girls from a human rights perspective (A/HRC/38/47 (2018),
Amendment 370 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11 a (new) Amendment 371 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 4 – indent 11 b (new) - Cyberviolence against women is an act of gender-based violence perpetrated directly or indirectly through information and communication technologies that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women and girls, including threats of such acts, whether occurring in public or private life, or hindrances to the use of their fundamental rights and freedoms.
Amendment 372 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 2 – paragraph 5 The personal scope of the proposal should cover all victims of gender-based cyberviolence, with a specific recognition of intersectional forms of discrimination and victims participating in public life
Amendment 373 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – introductory part Member States should implement a series of measures in order to prevent gender- based cyberviolence, having an intersectional approach:
Amendment 374 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 - awareness-raising and educational programmes, including programmes addressed to boys and men, as well as campaigns involving all relevant actors
Amendment 375 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 - awareness-raising and educational programmes involving all relevant actors and stakeholders to address the root causes of gender-based cyberviolence, within the general context of gender-based violence in order to bring about changes in social and cultural attitudes and remove gender stereotypes, while promoting responsible behaviour in the online space, with special regard to
Amendment 376 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 - awareness-raising and educational programmes involving all relevant actors and stakeholders to address the root causes of gender-based cyberviolence, within the general context of gender-based violence in order to bring about changes in social and cultural attitudes and remove gender norms and stereotypes, while promoting responsible behaviour on social media and increasing literacy about the safe use of the internet;
Amendment 377 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 - research on gender-based cyberviolence (including causes, prevalence, impact
Amendment 378 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 - digital education, literacy and skills, including in the school curricula, in order to promote an enhanced understanding of digital technologies
Amendment 379 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 - digital education, literacy and skills, cyber hygiene and netiquette, including in the school curricula, in order to promote an enhanced understanding of digital technologies, communication skills and the empowerment of users, to improve digital inclusion, to ensure the respect for fundamental rights, to eliminate any gender inequality in access to technologies and to ensure gender diversity in the technology sector, particularly in the development of new technologies, including training for teachers;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 b (new) Amendment 380 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 - digital education, literacy and skills, including in the school curricula, in order to promote an enhanced understanding of digital technologies and the empowerment of users, to improve digital inclusion, to ensure the respect for fundamental rights, to eliminate any gender inequality and biases in access to technologies and to ensure gender diversity in the technology sector, particularly in the development of new technologies;
Amendment 381 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 - Mainstream digital education, literacy and skills, including in the school curricula, in order to promote an enhanced understanding of digital technologies and the empowerment of users, to improve digital inclusion, to ensure the respect for fundamental rights, to eliminate any gender inequality in access to technologies and to ensure gender diversity in the technology sector, particularly in the development of new technologies;
Amendment 382 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new) - Facilitate the access of women to education and academia in all digital technology domains in order to remove the gender gap.
Amendment 383 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new) - Ensure gender diversity in the tech sectors, such as ICT and STEM, particularly in the development of new technologies, including AI, and notably in decision-making positions.
Amendment 384 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new) Amendment 385 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new) - Provide educational programmes to promote and address the equal status and power relation between men and women, boys and girls, as well as to eliminate gender stereotypes, biases and patriarchal gender norms.
Amendment 386 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new) - Promote and share best practices in access to justice, sentencing and remedies that have a gender-responsive approach.
Amendment 387 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 - development of cooperation among Member States for the purposes of exchanging information, expertise and best practices, in particular through the European Crime Prevention Network (EUPCN) coordinating together with the Europol European Cybercrime Center, as well as with other related agencies such as Eurojust;
Amendment 388 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 - support to civil society organisations working in the field of prevention of gender-based violence, including by providing financing support, as well as recognition of these organisations by ensuring that victims are referred to these by authorities and law enforcement.
Amendment 389 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 6 - promotion of focused and continuous training for practitioners and other professionals, including
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 a (new) — having regard to the European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2017 on Strengthening Media Freedom: the Protection of Journalists in Europe, Hate Speech, Disinformation and the Role of Platforms,
Amendment 390 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 a (new) - regulation of software development of monitoring applications and include at least in the criteria for development: no software program should engage in monitoring or surveillance without: (i)the user’s consent; (ii)persistent notification to that user; and (iii)clearly marked icons on the user’s device that highlight both the software’s presence and its functionality; marketing software which does not fulfil these criteria should be prohibited;
Amendment 391 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 a (new) Amendment 392 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 a (new) - promote cooperation between Member States, Internet intermediaries and NGOs working on the issue – such as peer learning events and public conferences;
Amendment 393 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 b (new) - Take into account the Code of practice for online platforms and its possible implication and/or role to play within the context of cyberviolence;
Amendment 394 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 b (new) - Ensure that all measures prevent re-traumatization and stigmatization of victims of gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 395 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 c (new) - Ensure the participation of civil society organizations in the evaluations and reviews of the Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online and ensure that IT companies improve their feedback to users’ notifications, thus react quickly and effectively to the content flagged as illegal.
Amendment 396 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 d (new) - For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to warrant that those users who disseminate content have verified themselves through a double opt-in e-mail and cell phone registration.
Amendment 397 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 3 – paragraph 1 – indent 7 e (new) - All measures should be victims- centred and have an intersectional approach.
Amendment 398 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – title Recommendation 4 on protection of, support to and
Amendment 399 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 12 November 2020 entitled ‘LGBTIQ Equality Strategy (2020-2025)’,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 a (new) — having regard to the report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)of 3 March 2014 entitled ‘Violence against women: an EU-wide survey’,
Amendment 400 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 - promote specific training for practitioners and professionals dealing with victims of gender-based cyberviolence, including law enforcement authorities, social, child and healthcare staff, and members of the judiciary; Union-wide training programmes could be implemented in the framework of the Justice and the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values programmes and together with CEPOL and the EU Judicial Training Network; in particular, emphasis should be given to secondary victimisation and how to avoid it, to the dual dimension of gender-based violence (online/offline) and to intersectional discrimination;
Amendment 401 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 a (new) - Ensure that all training for practitioners have a gender-responsive approach and that the programme includes actions to abstain from practicing institutional behaviours that make individuals relive the trauma of the attack and thus add on to the negative experience (re-victimisation and stigmatisation).
Amendment 402 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 1 b (new) - Install specialized contact points in social services and law enforcement agencies with special staff trained on gender-based cyberviolence as focal points for victims to report gender-based cyberviolence in an environment that is safe and comfortable for them. Contact points should be coordinated. These measures would contribute to address underreporting, re-victimisation and create a safer environment for victims of gender-based violence.
Amendment 403 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 -
Amendment 404 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 - facilitating access to information and developing specific services for victims of cyberviolence (helplines, shelters, legal and psychological assistance);
Amendment 405 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 2 a (new) - Equip the national telephone helplines with the necessary resources and expertise to also respond to the digital dimension of gender-based violence.
Amendment 406 #
- Set up an EU wide telephone helpline as a contact point for victims across the EU and ensure that victims can easily and freely use it.
Amendment 407 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 -
Amendment 408 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new) - to ensure that victims of gender- based cyberviolence in Member States have effective access to justice and specialised support services;
Amendment 409 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new) - Individual assessments to identify the specific needs of the victims.
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 a (new) — having regard to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women of 18 December 1979,
Amendment 410 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new) - Remove all the obstacles, including bureaucratic obstacles, that victims who decide to file a complaint may face.
Amendment 411 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new) - Create complaints mechanisms that are easily and immediately accessible to victims, including by digital means.
Amendment 412 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 d (new) - For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to warrant the accessibility of a qualified notification procedure in the form that individuals may notify the platform with the claim that image material depicting them or purporting to be depicting them is being disseminated without their consent and supply the platform with prima facie evidence of their physical identity and that content notified through this procedure is to be suspended within 48 hours.
Amendment 413 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 e (new) - For online platforms that are primarily used for the dissemination of user generated pornographic content, ensure that the platforms take the necessary technical and organisational measures to a warrant professional human-powered content moderation, where content having a high probability of being illegal, such as content depicting to be voyeuristic or enacting rape scenes, is reviewed.
Amendment 414 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 f (new) - Ensure that victims have access to justice, remedies, as well as to safe and accessible reporting procedures and mechanisms, particularly in the country of residence. Access to remedies should not be contingent on the filing of a complaint.
Amendment 415 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 -
Amendment 416 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 a (new) - Support to civil society organisations, particularly those that provide service, including by providing financing support.
Amendment 417 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 a (new) - promote cooperation between Member States, Internetintermediaries and NGOs working on the issue;
Amendment 418 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 b (new) - Promotion of the ethical development and use of technological solutions that support victims and that help identify perpetrators, in line with fundamental rights.
Amendment 419 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 b (new) - develop a directory of support services, including helplines and reporting mechanisms available in individual cases of cyberviolence;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 b (new) — having regard to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 10 December 1984,
Amendment 420 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 c (new) - All actions should be victims- centred and have an intersectional approach.
Amendment 421 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 d (new) - The Commission should develop guiding principles for law enforcement officials when dealing with victims who are reporting gender-based cyberviolence, which should equip them with the necessary soft skills to carefully listen, understand and respect all victims of gender-based violence. The guiding principles should have agender- responsive approach.
Amendment 422 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 4 – paragraph 1 a (new) Develop protection and support services which are accessible to all victims, free of charge including emergency and long- term support, such as psychological, medical, legal, practical and socio- economic support, taking into account the specific needs of the victims, and give particular attention to victims belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation.
Amendment 423 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – introductory part Based on the definition referred to in Recommendation 1, the criminalisation of gender-based cyberviolence should take into account the following criteria
Amendment 424 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 a (new) Amendment 425 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 b (new) - Ensure effective cooperation between law enforcement authorities and tech companies and service providers, especially with regards to identification of perpetrators and gathering of evidence, which should be in full compliance with fundamental rights and freedoms and data protection rules.
Amendment 426 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 3 c (new) - Any evidence should be gathered in a way that it does not cause secondary victimisation and re-traumatisation of the victim.
Amendment 427 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 - aggravating circumstances, depending on the profile of the
Amendment 428 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 4 - aggravating circumstances, depending on the profile of the women
Amendment 429 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 -
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 b (new) — having regard to the European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2020 on Cybercrime,
Amendment 430 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 a (new) - Risk assessments should have a section to include and consider behavioural patterns and gendered aspects of the incident, such as stereotypes, discrimination, sexualized threats and intimidation. This information should be used to determine follow-up actions and to enhance the collection of data related to the different manifestations of gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 431 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 5 – paragraph 1 – indent 5 b (new) - Ensure that the burden of proof is not on the victims’ side.
Amendment 432 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 Amendment 433 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 The Commission and Member States should collect and publish disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based cyberviolence, in particular on the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence, not only based on law enforcement reports but also on women’s experiences. The FRA should conduct new extensive EU-wide research on all forms of gender-based cyber violence, based on the most recent EU data to provide an accurate response to violence against women.
Amendment 434 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 The Commission and Member States should collect and publish disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based cyberviolence, in particular on the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence, not only based on law enforcement reports but also on women’s experiences. The Commission should also improve gender- disaggregated data at EU level on the prevalence and harms of gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 435 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 The Commission and Member States should collect and publish disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based cyberviolence, in particular on the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence, not only based on law enforcement reports but also on women’s experiences. Those could be followed by comprehensive studies;
Amendment 436 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 The Commission and Member States should collect and publish disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based cyberviolence, in particular on the different forms of gender-based cyberviolence, not only based on law enforcement reports but also on
Amendment 437 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 a (new) Additional recommendations could include: - the production of statistics on the prevalence and forms of cyberviolence, fostering at the same time the uniformity and comparability of data gathered by Member States, - an EU wide data collection programme, - gathering data on a regular basis for knowledge to keep up with the constant evolution in tools and technologies that can be used to perpetrate cyber-violence; - tasking agencies such as EIGE, FRA, EUROPOL, EUROJUST to collect data and information on this problem to help inform the policymaking of institutions;
Amendment 438 #
Motion for a resolution Annex I – Recommendation 6 – paragraph 1 a (new) The Commission and the Member States should develop indicators to measure the effectiveness of their interventions to address gender-based cyberviolence.
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 c (new) — having regards to its resolution of 21 January 2021 on closing the digital gender gap: women’s participation in the digital economy,
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 c (new) — having regard to the European commission proposal on the Digital Services Act COM 2020(0825),
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 d (new) — having regard to the proposal for combatting sexual abuse of children online (interim regulation on the procession of personal and other data), COM 2020 (568),
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 d (new) — having regard to the report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) of March 2014 entitled ‘Violence against women: an EU-wide survey’,
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 e (new) Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regard to Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA,
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to the Commission’s Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online, launched in May 2016 and to its fifth evaluation round, resulting in the document ‘Factsheet – 5th monitoring round of the Code of Conduct’,
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regards to resolution of 11 February 2021 on challenges ahead for women’s rights in Europe: more than 25 years after the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action,
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regard to the Commission’s proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act, COM(2020) 825),
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) — having regard to its resolution of 17 April 2020 on EU coordinated action to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences,
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) — having regard to the European Parliamentary Research Service study entitled ‘Cyber violence and hate speech online against women’
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) — having regard to the Advocate General’s opinion of 19March 2021 in Avis 1/19,
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 c (new) — having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention and other measures to combat gender-based violence,
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 d (new) — having regard to its resolution of 13 February 2019 on experiencing a backlash in women’s rights and gender equality in the EU,
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 e (new) — having regard to its resolution of 11 September 2018 on measures to prevent and combat mobbing and sexual harassment at the workplace, in public spaces, and in political life in the EU,
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 14 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 26 October 2017 on combating sexual harassment and abuse in the EU,
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 a (new) — having regard to the Fundamental Rights Agency’s ‘EU LGBTI Survey II: A long way to go for LGBTI equality',1a _________________ 1a https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra _uploads/fra-2020-lgbti-equality-1_en.pdf
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 12 November 2020 entitled ‘LGBTIQ Equality Strategy (2020-2025)’,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A (new) -A. whereas violence against women is a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women and should mean all acts of gender-based violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life, and also perpetrated online; whereas gender- based cyberviolence is an extension of patriarchal gender and sexual violence against women developed through the advancement in digital technology;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A a (new) -A a. whereas gender-based cyberviolence limits women’s right to express themselves equally, freely and without fear, and women are often silenced through violence and abuse online; whereas in many instances the impact on victims that experienced online abuse or harassment is major such as lower self-esteem or loss of self- confidence as a result to stress, anxiety or panic attacks after experiencing online abuse or harassment; whereas cyberviolence affects women disproportionately not only causing them psychological harm and suffering but also deterring them from digital participation in political, social and cultural life;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas gender equality is a fundamental value and a core objective of the EU, and should be reflected in all EU policies; whereas the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination is a fundamental right enshrined in the Treaties1a and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights1b; whereas the first objective of the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020-
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the first objective of the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020- 2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’; whereas the Union’s LGBTIQ Equality Strategy recalls that everyone has a right to safety, be it at home, in public or online;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the first objective of the Union’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020- 2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas violence against women can take different forms, recognising the structural nature of violence against women as gender-based violence, and that violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men; whereas women’s rights are human rights and hence universal and indivisible,
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas the response of the criminal justice sector in many Member States to victims of cyberviolence is still lagging behind, demonstrating a lack of empathy and understanding of the seriousness of these offences and discouraging women and girls to report these actions;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas in 2017 the EU signed the Istanbul Convention, which remains the benchmark for international standards for eradication of gender based violence, concluding the EU’s accession is a key priority for the Commission;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender norms and stereotypes, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination which has a huge impact on victims, their families, and communities; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender stereotypes, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination and a violation of human rights; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender stereotypes and prejudice, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination and a serious violation of human rights; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men, in sexism and gender stereotypes, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the Union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in patriarchal structures, the unequal distribution of power between women and men,
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas violence against women and other forms of
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the expansion in Europe of radical Islam, which leads to women being considered inferior to men, contributes to the aggravation of violence against women, including cyberviolence, as demonstrated in France in the Mila case;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. Whereas the increasing reach of the internet, the rapid spread of mobile information, and the use of social media, coupled with the violence against women has led to the proliferation of cyber violence against women and gender-based violence;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 — having regard to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, which opened for signature in Istanbul on 11 May2011 (hereinafter the ‘IstanbulConvention’),
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas internet connectivity and the need to access the digital public sphere are becoming increasingly necessary for the development of our societies and economies;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas complementarity between men and women, accompanied by mutual respect, is the best safeguard against the rise of gender-based violence;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women and girls and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women and gender-based violence present
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the expression "violence against women
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women and LGBTI persons and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked with, and inseparable from, offline violence because they can precede, accompany or continue them;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women and girls and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked and inseparable from offline violence because they can precede, accompany or continue them;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas violence against women and
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 — having regard to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (“the Istanbul Convention”),
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas innovation happens at a pace that often does not allow for reflection its long-term consequences, whereas rapid technological developments, such as the increasing reach of the internet, the spread of mobile information, and the widespread use of social media frequently give ground and generate new forms of gender-based violence online;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas gender-based violence included in its cyber dimension and domestic violence have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; whereas one in ten women in the EU have already experienced a form of cyber violence since the age of 151a; _________________ 1aEuropean Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). Violence against women: an EU-wide survey
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas gender-based violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; whereas the greater use of the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic increases online and ICT-facilitated gender-based violence;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas according to WHO1a one in three women worldwide experience physical or sexual violence mostly by an intimate partner and lockdowns have aggravated the risk of domestic violence and abuse; whereas the greater use of the internet during the pandemic increases online and ICT-facilitated gender-based violence; _________________ 1aWHO report ´Violence against women prevalence estimates 2018´
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) C c. whereas existing forms of cyber violence and gender-based cyber violence are constantly evolving and new forms are emerging, and the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women noted that new technologies “will inevitably give rise to different and new manifestations of online violence against women”;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas existing forms of gender- based cyber violence are constantly evolving and new forms are emerging due to the rapid development and deployment of digital technologies and applications; whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas cyberviolence can manifest as various forms of violence, including sexual, psychological and, as growing trends would indicate, economic, whereby the victim’s current or future employment status is compromised by information released online; whereas the potential for violence in the cyber-sphere to manifest psychically should also not be discounted; whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image-
Amendment 98 #
D. whereas different forms of online harassment targets all age groups starting from early ages to school and professional life, to elderly years and can take diverse forms from general intimidation, belittlement, inappropriate naming and shaming to undermining, distorting opinions, inappropriate commenting on outlooks and general negative, harassing commentary that targets women and sexual minorities in multiple compared to men, cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate speech, flaming, doxxing and image-
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas currently there is no common definition or effective policy approach to combating gender-based cyber violence at EU or national level, whereas cyber harassment, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, trolling, online hate and sexist speech, flaming, dox
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