Activities of Mauri PEKKARINEN related to 2023/0079(COD)
Plenary speeches (1)
Framework for ensuring a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials (debate)
Amendments (63)
Amendment 135 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) In order to ensure that the measures set out in the Regulation focus on the most relevant materials, a list of strategic raw materials and a list of critical raw materials should be established. Those lists should also serve to guide and coordinate Member States’ efforts to contribute to the realisation of the aims of this Regulation. The list of strategic raw materials should contain raw materials that are of high strategic importance, taking into account their use in strategic technologies underpinning the green and digital transitions or for defence or aerospace applications, that are characterised by a potentially significant gap between global supply and projected demand, and for which an increase in production is relatively difficult, for instance due to long lead-times for new projects increasing supply capacity. To take account of possible technological and economic changes, the list of strategic materials should be periodically reviewed and, if necessary, updated. In order to ensure that efforts to increase the Union capacities along the value chain, reinforce the Union’s capacity to monitor and mitigate supply risks and increase diversification of supply are focused on the materials for which they are most needed, the relevant measures should only apply to the list of strategic raw materials.
Amendment 145 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5a) The global demand for critical raw materials is projected to soon exceed supply, making the creation of a level playing field for innovative, sustainable alternatives vital for the EU. This requires not only investments into research but also the creation of market conditions that allow renewable substitutes to compete with traditional fossil materials.
Amendment 158 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) To strengthen Union capacities along the strategic raw materials value chain, benchmarks should be set to guide efforts and track progress. The aim should be to increase capacities for each strategic raw material at each stage of the value chain, while aiming to achieve overall capacity benchmarks for extraction, processing and recycling of strategic raw materials. Firstly, the Union should increase the use of its own geological resources of strategic raw materials and build up capacity to allow it to extract the materials needed to produce at least 105 % of the Union's consumption of strategic raw materials. Keeping in mind that extraction capacity is highly dependent on the availability of Union geological resources, the achievement of this benchmark is dependent on such availability. Secondly, in order to build a full value chain and prevent any bottlenecks at intermediate stages, the Union should in addition increase its processing capacity along the value chain and be able to produce at least 450 % of its annual consumption of strategic raw materials. Thirdly, it is expected that in the coming decades a growing share of the Union's consumption of strategic raw materials can be covered by secondary raw materials, which would improve both the security and the sustainability of the Union’s raw materials supply. Therefore, Union recycling capacity should be able to produce at least 15 % of the Union’s annual consumption of strategic raw materials. These benchmarks refer to the 2030 time horizon, in alignment with the Union's climate and energy targets set under Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council29and the digital targets under the Digital Decade30, which they underpin. Furthermore, quality jobs, including skills development and job-to-job transitions, will address risks in the sectoral labour market and help ensure the EU’s competitiveness. _________________ 29 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1). 30 Decision (EU) 2022/2481 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 establishing the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 (OJL 323, 19.12.2022, p. 4–26 )
Amendment 171 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) In order to build capacities in the Union, the Commission should, with the support of the Board, identify Strategic Projects in the Union that intend to become active in the extraction, processing or recycling of strategic raw materials, or in the development and scale-up of substitutes. Effective support to Strategic Projects has the potential to improve access to materials for downstream sectors as well as to create economic opportunities along the value chain, including for SMEs, and contribute to the creation of employment. Therefore, to ensure the development of Strategic Projects across the Union, such projects should benefit from streamlined and predictable permitting procedures and support in gaining access to finance. In order to focus support and ensure their added value, projects should, before receiving such support, be assessed against a set of criteria. Strategic Projects in the Union should strengthen the Union's security of supply for strategic raw materials, show sufficient technical feasibility and be implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner. They should also provide cross- border benefits beyond the Member State concerned. Where the Commission assesses these criteria to be fulfilled, it should publish the recognition as a Strategic Project in a decision. As a speedy recognition is key to effectively supporting the Union's security of supply, the assessment process should remain light and not overly burdensome.
Amendment 173 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) Limiting the increase in demand for critical raw materials is one of the levers to strengthen the strategic autonomy of the Union and reduce our global environmental footprint. Therefore, the Commission should develop an indicator to monitor the evolution of the level of criticality and material efficiency of intermediate and final products containing critical raw materials.
Amendment 181 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) In order to ensure the sustainability of increased raw material production, new raw materials projects should be implemented sustainably. To that end, the Strategic Projects receiving support under this Regulation should be assessed taking into account international instruments covering all aspects of sustainability highlighted in the EU principles for sustainable raw materials31, including ensuring environmental protection, socially responsible practices, including respect for human rights such as the rights of women, and transparent business practices. Projects should also ensure engagement in good faith as well as comprehensive and meaningful consultations with local communities, including with indigenous peoples. To provide project promoters with a clear and efficient way of complying with this criterion, compliance with relevant Union legislation, international standards, guidelines and principles or participation in a certification scheme recognised under this Regulation should be considered sufficient. As the Union will remain significantly dependant on third countries for its supply in raw materials, it should be particularly active in international standard setting so that a level-playing field can be reached with European producers respecting ambitious ESG criteria. _________________ 31 European Commission, Directorate- General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, EU principles for sustainable raw materials, Publications Office, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2873/27875
Amendment 187 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
(11a) Sustainable and environmentally respectful mining projects, incorporating innovative processes and conducting mineral and metallurgical processing close to the extraction sites, could be regarded as Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs). These projects must significantly contribute to economic growth, job creation, the green and digital transition, and enhance competitiveness for the Union industry and economy. Furthermore, to align with European values and objectives, these projects must exhibit an unwavering commitment to transparency, education, and community engagement, avoiding the use of fossil fuels through the integration of renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and utilizing sustainable water usage practices.
Amendment 201 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) In light of their importance for ensuring the security of supply of strategic raw materials, Strategic Projects should be considered to be in the public interest. Ensuring the security of supply of strategic raw materials is of crucial importance for the success of the green and digital transitions as well as the resilience of the defence and aerospace sectors. To contribute towards security of supply of strategic raw materials in the Union, Member States may provide for support in national permit granting procedures to speed up the realisation of Strategic Projects in accordance with Union law.
Amendment 221 #
(26) Within the Union, critical raw materials projects often face difficulties with access to finance. Critical raw materials markets are often characterised by high volatility of prices, long lead times, high concentration and opacity. Additionally, financing for the sector requires a high level of expert knowledge that is often lacking among financial institutions. To overcome these factors and contribute towards ensuring a stable and reliable supply of strategic raw materials, Member States and the Commission should assist in access to finance and administrative support. Given the essential nature of critical raw materials for the Digital and Green Transition, the Commission shall adopt as soon as possible a delegated act under the Taxonomy Regulation (EU) 2021/523 defining the technical screening criteria for mining and refining, based on the work of the Platform on Sustainable Finance.
Amendment 237 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 31 a (new)
Recital 31 a (new)
(31a) The European Investment Bank should, in agreement with the Board, the Member States, the European Commission, explore setting up an EU Export Credit Facility that enables European companies to invest in projects that contribute to achieving the targets set in this Regulation.
Amendment 269 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 42 a (new)
Recital 42 a (new)
(42a) Electronic waste contains concentrations of critical raw materials that are orders of magnitude higher than those found in the best ore grades worldwide 1a. This presents a significant economic opportunity for urban mining, with a high potential for development. _________________ 1a Torrubia, J.; Valero, A.; Valero, A.; Lejuez, A. Challenges and Opportunities for the Recovery of Critical Raw Materials from Electronic Waste: The Spanish Perspective. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021393
Amendment 304 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1
Article 1 – paragraph 1
1. The general objective of this Regulation is to improve the functioning of the internal market by establishing a framework to ensure the Union's access to ainternationally competitive, efficient, secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials in the Union.
Amendment 316 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point i
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point i
(i) Union extraction capacity is able to extract the ores, minerals or concentrates needed to produce at least 105% of the Union's annual consumption of strategic raw materials, to the extent that the Union’s reserves allow for this;
Amendment 317 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point ii
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point ii
(ii) Union processing capacity, including for all intermediate processing steps, is able to produce at least 450% of the Union's annual consumption of strategic raw materials;
Amendment 325 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point iii a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a – point iii a (new)
(iiia) One year after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, the Commission, after the issuance of an opinion of the Board, shall set benchmark targets per strategic raw materials at least equivalent to the global targets set in the (i), (ii) and (iii). After every review of the list of strategic raw materials, the Commission, following the issuance of an opinion by the Board, may review the benchmark targets set by strategic raw materials.
Amendment 344 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point c
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point c
(c) improve the Union's ability to monitor and mitigate the supply risk related to critical raw materials taking international competitiveness fully into account and avoiding any undue costs;
Amendment 347 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d
(d) ensure the free movement of critical raw materials and products containing critical raw materials placed on the Union market while ensuring a high level of environmental protection and sustainability, by improving their circularity and sustainability.cost efficient availability on the EU internal market;
Amendment 353 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d a (new)
(da) promote development and deployment of substitute raw materials by fostering production methods to substitute raw materials and research and development of alternative innovative materials;
Amendment 360 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d b (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point d b (new)
(db) encourage research and innovation and scalability of substitutes with a lower environmental footprint in Europe.
Amendment 414 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 31
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 31
(31) ‘strategic technologies’ means the technologies needed for the green and digital transitions as well as for defence and aerospace applications;
Amendment 418 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 40 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 40 a (new)
(40a) ‘geothermal extraction’ means sustainable extraction of critical raw materials that is a by-product of geothermal electricity, heating or cooling activities;
Amendment 425 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 (new)
For strategic raw materials that are a byproduct of other extraction or recycling processes, those main commodity operations shall also automatically qualify as strategic.
Amendment 433 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
An updated list of strategic raw materials shall include, from among the raw materials assessed, the raw materials that score among the highest in terms of strategic importance, forecasted demand growth, forecasted demand availability and difficulty of increasing production. The strategic importance, projected demand growth, forecasted demand availability and difficulty of increasing production shall be determined in accordance with Annex I, Section 2.
Amendment 441 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 3
Article 3 – paragraph 3
3. The Commission shall review and, if necessary, update the list of strategic raw materials by [OP please insert: four years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation], and every 4 four years thereafter. Following the first review, specific targets for each individual strategic raw material will be set with the aim of reaching the overall targets established in this Regulation.
Amendment 455 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
An updated list of critical raw materials shall include the strategic raw materials listed in Annex I, Section 1 as well as any other raw material that reaches or exceeds the thresholds for both economic importance and supply risk referred to in paragraph 3. Economic importance and supply risk shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II, Section 2. The Commission shall develop a new indicator that also reflects the scarcity of materials and their energy intensity in production by [the year of the new updated list of critical raw materials].
Amendment 460 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – paragraph 3
Article 4 – paragraph 3
3. The thresholds shall be 1 for supply risk and 2.8 for economic importance or 0.8 for supply risk and 4.5 for economic importance.
Amendment 493 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)
(da) for mining projects in the Union, the project would add value in the region of the Member State;
Amendment 636 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 14 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 14 – paragraph 2 – point b
(b) assistance to project promoters to further increase the public acceptance of the project, incorporating recommendations and best practices shared by the European Critical Raw Materials Board where necessary.
Amendment 641 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 14 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. The European Union shall provide financial risk guarantees to accelerate geothermal mineral extraction investments for Strategic Projects in instances where private insurance schemes are not operated in a Member State. The financial risk guarantee shall, in coordination with the standing sub- group outlined in Article 15, provide coverage for resource risk for Strategic Projects that all produce renewable energy as well as the sustainable extraction of critical raw materials.
Amendment 671 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 – paragraph 1
Article 18 – paragraph 1
1. Each Member State shall draw up a national programme for general exploration targeted at critical raw materials. Each Member State shall draw up the first such programme by [OP please insert: 1 year after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. The national programmes shall be reviewed and, if necessary, updated, at least every 5 years digitally updated with data incorporated from other exploration campaigns for annual publication.
Amendment 678 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18 – paragraph 2 – point e a (new)
Article 18 – paragraph 2 – point e a (new)
(ea) identify potential for geothermal extraction.
Amendment 719 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. By way of derogation from paragraph 4, sensitive information whose disclosure would jeopardize the national security of a Member States shall not be made publicly available.
Amendment 720 #
5. WhereAn Early Warning System shall be established, based on the information gathered pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, the Commission considers thatat indicates to the Commission when there a is clear indication of the risk of a supply disruption. In such a case, the Commission shall alert Member States, the Board and the Union governance bodies of crisis vigilance or crisis management mechanisms whose scope covers relevant critical or strategic raw materials.
Amendment 723 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 a (new)
Article 19 a (new)
Article19a Monitoring the level of the level of criticality and material efficiency of intermediate or final products containing critical raw materials 1. By 31 December 2024, the Commission shall adopt a delegated act to lay down the methodology to monitor the level of criticality and material efficiency of intermediate or final products containing critical raw materials. 2. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts specifying a list of intermediate or final products including critical raw materials for which the level of criticality and material efficiency shall be monitored. 3. After 31 December 2027, the Commission may adopt delegated act supplementing this Regulation by laying down minimum requirements for reducing the level of criticality and material efficiency of intermediate and final products containing critical raw materials.
Amendment 754 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
1. Each Member State shall by [OP please insert: 31 years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation] adopt and implement national programmes containing measures designed to:
Amendment 762 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) increase the collection of waste and metal scraps with high critical raw materials recovery potential and ensure their introduction into the appropriate recycling system, with a view to maximising the availability and quality of recyclable material as an input to critical raw material recycling facilities;
Amendment 766 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) increase the collection, sorting and processing of waste with high critical raw materials recovery potential and ensure their introduction into the appropriate recycling system, with a view to maximising the availability and quality of recyclable material as an input to critical raw material recycling facilities;
Amendment 771 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) increase the re-use, refurbishing, remanufacturing, and repurposing of products and components with high critical raw materials recovery potential;
Amendment 781 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point c
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point c
(c) increase the use of secondary and substitute critical raw materials, in manufacturing, including, where appropriate, by taking recycled and substitute content into account in award criteria related to public procurement;
Amendment 784 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) increase the technological maturity of recycling technologies for critical raw materials and to promote materials efficiency and the substitution of critical raw materials in applications, at least by including support actions to that effect under national research & innovation programmes; Member States shall share relevant information and best practices related to such measures with the Critical Raw Materials Board established under Article 35. Where feasible, measures related to increasing the technological maturity of recycling technologies, materials efficiency and substitution of critical raw materials are encouraged to be taken be taken in cooperation with other Member States.
Amendment 795 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point e b (new)
Article 25 – paragraph 1 – point e b (new)
(eb) establish funding programs in research and innovation, focused on enhancing the recyclability of critical raw materials sourced from production waste and products at the end of their lifecycle, as well as the substitution and development of advanced materials.
Amendment 805 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 25 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 25 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
With respect to points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1, the programmes referred to in that paragraph may include, without prejudice to Articles 107 and 108 of the TFEU, the introduction of financial incentives, such as discounts, monetary rewards or deposit-refund systems, to encourage the re-use of products with high critical raw materials recovery pocontential, and the collection of waste from such products with high critical raw material recovery potential.
Amendment 822 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 27 – paragraph 2
Article 27 – paragraph 2
2. The Commission shall adopt an implementing act establishing the format for the labelling referred to in paragraph 1 three years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation at the latest. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 37(3).
Amendment 826 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 27 – paragraph 3
Article 27 – paragraph 3
3. From [OP please insert: 3 years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation], any natural or legal person that places on the market products referred to in paragraph 1 incorporating one or more permanent magnets of the types referred in paragraph 1, point (b), points (i) to (iii), shall ensure that a data carrier is present on or in the product. The information shall be complete, up-to-date and accurate.
Amendment 830 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 27 – paragraph 7 – subparagraph 1
Article 27 – paragraph 7 – subparagraph 1
The information referred to in paragraph 3 shall be complete, up-to-date and accurate and shall remain available for a period at least equal to the product’s typical lifetime plus ten years, including a. After an insolvency, a liquidation or a cessation of activity in the Union of the responsible natural or legal person, the Commission shall be responsible for accessibility of the information referred to in paragraph 3.
Amendment 833 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 27 – paragraph 10
Article 27 – paragraph 10
10. Products primarily designed for defence or aerospace applications shall be exempted from the requirements of this Article
Amendment 847 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Governments or organisations or industrial companies that have developed and oversee certification schemes related to the sustainability of critical raw materials ("scheme owners") may apply to have their schemes recognised by the Commission.
Amendment 849 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Governments or, organisations or industrial companies that have developed and oversee certification schemes related to the sustainability of critical raw materials ("scheme owners") may apply to have their schemes recognised by the Commission.
Amendment 851 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Article 29 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Applications referred in the first subparagraph shall contain any relevant evidence related to the fulfilment of the criteria laid down in Annex IV. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt implementing acts specifying the information that applications shall at least contain. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 37(3) no later than three years after the entry into force of the Regulation.
Amendment 857 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 3
Article 29 – paragraph 3
3. The Commission shall pveriodically verifyfy at least every two years that recognised schemes continue to fulfil the criteria laid down in Annex IV.
Amendment 983 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(aa) Bauxite/Aluminium
Amendment 1021 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point k
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point k
(k) Nickel - battery grade
Amendment 1025 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point k
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point k
(k) Nickel - battery grade
Amendment 1033 #
(m) Rare Earth Elements for magnets (Nd, Pr, Tb, Dy, Gd, Sm, and Ce)
Amendment 1041 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p a (new)
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p a (new)
(pa) Aluminium
Amendment 1048 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p a (new)
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p a (new)
(pa) Zinc
Amendment 1051 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p b (new)
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point p b (new)
(pb) Zinc
Amendment 1065 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I – Section 2 – point 1 – introductory part
Annex I – Section 2 – point 1 – introductory part
1. The strategic importance shall be determined based on the relevance of a raw material for the green and digital transition as well as defence and aerospace applications, taking into account:
Amendment 1072 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point -a (new)
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point -a (new)
(-a) Aluminium
Amendment 1082 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point q b (new)
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point q b (new)
(qb) Indium
Amendment 1093 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point w
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point w
(w) Nickel – battery grade
Amendment 1097 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point z a (new)
Annex II – Section 1 – paragraph 1 – point z a (new)
(za) Zinc
Amendment 1156 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex IV – paragraph 1 – point b – point ii
Annex IV – paragraph 1 – point b – point ii
(ii) requirements for ensuring socially responsible practices, including respect for human rights and labour rights including community life of indigenous peoples;