23 Amendments of Pierfrancesco MAJORINO related to 2020/2012(INL)
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion
Recital B
Recital B
B. Wwhereas AI potentially offers economic and societal benefits, while at the same time raising a number of challengesfor example with regard to fighting inequalities and improving the quality of life, while at the same time raising a number of challenges; whereas the application of AI at the workplace can help to improve occupational health and safety, while it can also be used to monitor, evaluate, predict and steer the performance of workers with direct and implicit consequences for their careers and on their mental well-being;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
Ca. whereas 42% of workers in companies that apply AI in their business processes believe that such activities lead to ethical issues, which must be addressed; whereas 28% of the employers believe that the application of AI has not developed at full scale because of a lack of ethical rules on this issue1a; _________________________ 1aCapgeminiResearch Institute, “Why addressing ethical questions in AI will benefit organizations”, July 2019
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion
Recital C b (new)
Recital C b (new)
Cb. whereas the OECD has drawn up recommendations on artificial intelligence1a; __________________ 1aOECD, “Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence”, 2019, https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instr uments/OECD-LEGAL-0449
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion
Recital C c (new)
Recital C c (new)
Cc. whereas the Council of the European Union encourages the promotion of an ethical and human- centred approach with regard to AI1a; __________________ 1aCouncil of the European Union “Council Conclusions on Shaping Europe’s Digital future”, June 2020
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion
Recital C d (new)
Recital C d (new)
Cd. whereas there are no common provisions at Union level, as regards the application of AI at the workplace, which could lead to market distortions and competition disadvantages; whereas unified rules are necessary to provide workers and companies with a reliable regulatory framework;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Recital C e (new)
Recital C e (new)
Ce. whereas social partners at Union level concluded a framework agreement on digitalisation, which amongst others includes a chapter on “Artificial intelligence and guaranteeing the human in control principle” 1a; __________________ 1a European Social Partners Framework Agreement on Digitalisation, June 2020
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion
Recital C f (new)
Recital C f (new)
Cf. whereas some Member States have already established special bodies to monitor and assess the influence of AI at the workplace;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion
Recital C g (new)
Recital C g (new)
Cg. whereas workers and their representatives are often neither aware of AI applications nor the underlying functions and data; whereas lacking awareness and competitive pressure led to some companies applying AI in breach of existing regulations, such as data protection;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion
Recital C h (new)
Recital C h (new)
Ch. whereas efforts to tackle gender bias and inequality in the digital sector are insufficient; whereas the gender gap persists across all digital technology domains and especially with regard to AI, thereby solidifying a male-biased trajectory for the digital sector in the foreseeable future;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Highlights the need to thoroughly assess the effects or implications of AI applications in companies and in public administration in relation to workers, jobs and workflows; considers it indispensable as part of this assessment that workers and their representatives are consulted and receive sufficient information before AI applications are put to use; underlines that the deployment of AI needs to be transparent and that AI systems at the workplace must not undermine the privacy and dignity of workers;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Points out that AI solutions have the potential to improve working conditions and the quality of life, yet they can also lead to disproportionate and illegal surveillance of workers, discriminatory treatment due to biased algorithms, including gender or ethnically biased algorithms3 - and they can undermine the dignity and autonomy of peopland algorithms that are to the detriment of vulnerable groups and that undermine the privacy and dignity of workers; is concerned, furthermore, that AI can undermine the dignity and autonomy of workers and contribute to mental health problems, such as burnout, occupational stress, psychological overload and fatigue; __________________ 3 European Parliament “Education and employment of women in science, technology and the digital economy, including AI and its influence on gender equality”, April 2020
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 (new)
Underlines that competent authorities should have access to all information concerning the data used for training, statistical models and theoretical principles related to AI solutions as well as the empirical validity of their outcomes;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Considers that it should be mandatory for users and consumers to receive all relevant information on the ethical aspects of AI applications so that they may mto take informed decisions;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
Underlines that trustworthy AI has to be fair, transparent, safe and secure and to comply with all applicable laws and regulations including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) throughout the system’s entire life cycle, especially when it is deployed at the workplace;
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Stresses the need to ensure that productivity gains due to the development and use of AI and robotics do not only benefit company owners and shareholders, but also society at large, especially where such gains come at the expense of jobs; underlines that companies deploying AI have the responsibility to provide the necessary re- and upskilling for the employees concerned;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls for the application of the precautionary principle with regard to new technologies based on AI; underlines that humans must always be in control of machines and AI and that AI decisions must be reversiblecontestable and reversible; stresses that safety and security standards for AI must be respected and the importance of regular checks and controls in this regard to prevent erroneous AI output;
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Stresses that applicants must be duly informed in writing in case AI is used in the course of recruitment procedures and how in this case a human review can be requested in view of reversing an automated decision;
Amendment 117 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 – subparagraph 1a (new)
Paragraph 6 – subparagraph 1a (new)
Stresses that the Skills Agenda for Europe must address the challenges of adapting and acquiring skills and knowledge, in view of the ecological and digital transition, including ethical aspects of AI, robotics and related technologies; underlines the need to make ethical aspects of AI an integral part of any education and training curricular for developers and people working with AI; considers it likewise important to ensure the comprehensive information of end users and consumers in this regard;
Amendment 120 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Stresses that developers, programmers, decision-makers and companies providing AI and robotics solutions must be aware of their ethical responsibility when it comes to providing AI and robotics solutions;
Amendment 123 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6b. Underlines that AI must not in any way affect the exercise of fundamental rights as recognised in the Member States and at Union level, including the right or freedom to strike or to take other action covered by the specific industrial relations systems in Member States, in accordance with national law and/or practice, nor affect the right to negotiate, to conclude and enforce collective agreements, or to take collective action in accordance with national law and/or practice;
Amendment 125 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)
Paragraph 6 c (new)
6c. Calls for a legislative framework on the ethical aspects of AI applications at the workplace, in order to ensure a level- playing field and fair competition in the Single Market, especially with regard to workers’ rights as well as working conditions and the protection from disproportionate and illegal surveillance; calls on the Commission to consult with social partners and other stakeholders such as researchers and developers in this regard as well to explore the potential of digital technology and AI to increase the well-being of the workforce, including a better allocation of tasks, augmented competence development and work capacities as well as the reduction of exposure to harmful working conditions;
Amendment 126 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 d (new)
Paragraph 6 d (new)
6d. Underlines that special attention must be payed to data collected at the workplace with the help of AI in so far as it is used for human resources decisions; calls on the Commission to analyse the need for special provisions on data protection at the workplace in the context of AI; stresses that workers must be the owners of their data;
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 e (new)
Paragraph 6 e (new)
6e. Underlines that AI must not reinforce gender inequalities and stereotypes by transforming analogue biases and prejudices into digital ones through algorithms;