14 Amendments of Aurélia BEIGNEUX related to 2020/2012(INL)
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. Whereas the main AI research and development hubs are the United States, the EU and China, which alone account for three quarters of AI actors and, respectively, 28%, 25% and 23% of resources;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion
Recital D
Recital D
D. Whereas AI can be applied to almost any field in medicine: biomedical research, exemplified by the AI-discovered antibiotic Halicin or AI contributions to new cancer therapies, medical education, clinical decision-making, personalizsed medicine, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, in revolutionizsing robotic prostheses and support systems, telemedicine and, the overall efficiency of the health systems, and precision medicine such as genomics;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion
Recital E
Recital E
E. Whereas current policy and ethical guidelines for AI are lagging behind ethical challenges that must be identified and mitigated, since AI has tremendous capability to threaten patient preference, safety, and privacy; whereas the boundaries between the roles of physicians and machines in patient care need to be outlined, as regards AI and digital, the EU favours a soft digital ethics approach, prioritising the establishment of a protective and supportive legislative framework before the relevant technologies are developed, while the United States and China are focusing on research and intensive and even aggressive development at the expense of a legislative framework;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Fa. Whereas there are more and more AI-technology-based e-health (mobile health) applications; whereas this area is growing exponentially (up 330% between 2014 and 2017) and represents a market that will have an estimated value of USD 223.7 billion in 2023;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Points out, as stated by the Commission's Joint Research Centre, that AI remains a developing field which is not yet properly understood and that the very concept of AI has not yet been clearly defined;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Underlines that overregulation may hamper AI sector innovation, especially fore fact that AI R&D is a fast-expanding sector that is attracting a very large number of SMEs and Sstart-ups; considers that hindering the Union AI sector in delivering, but also private and public investment; underscores the benefits of AI applications in e.g. healthcare, environment protection and food quality to the citizens, may also bear ethical weight, especially in the context of global competition, where securing full respect of Union ethical values may pose a challeng, for example;
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Strongly supports the Commission in establishing a common Union AI ethical framework to counter the shortcomings caused by AI internal market fragmentation, including environmental, healthcare, and food safety applications, and to prevent AI double standards across Member States for AI developed in Union and beyond, inter alia in areas such as consumer data management, protection and privacy in smart grids, waste management, equal access to services, patient-doctor relationship standards, data protection and privacy, civil liability in AI-assisted public healthcare, civil liability regarding autonomous vehicles or machinery;
Amendment 148 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Highlights the benefits of AI for disease prevention and control, exemplified by AI predicting the COVID19 epidemic before WHO; urges the Commission to equip ECDC in its reform, which was brought about by the COVID19 crisis, with the legal framework and resources allowing for gathering necessary data independently and in compliance with data protection and privacy, including, among others, AI solutions;
Amendment 165 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Stresses that the development of AI and related technologies raises questions regarding data storage and the resulting pollution; recalls, in that regard, the high energy cost of storing data in data centres, which alone account for 4% of global electricity consumption; calls, in that connection and in parallel with initiatives taken by GAFAM, on the EU to consider establishing European 'green data centres', which would enable the EU to guarantee its independence in the collection and management of data and, at the same time, ensure that this storage is ethical and sustainable;
Amendment 167 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Recalls, further, that data centres, which are essential to the development of appropriate AI, are known to be a major source of heat loss, and this has an impact on the environment; proposes, within the context of ethical reflections on the development of AI, that an ethical charter for businesses be drawn up with a view to establishing a circular economy on the reuse of heat produced by data centres;
Amendment 169 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Paragraph 9 c (new)
9c. Points out that an AI ethical framework must not be limited to simply data and data use, but must also cover conditions for the production of AI technologies; recalls, in this connection, that the requisite raw materials and production chains are mainly in third countries, in which labour conditions and treatment of workers do not meet the EU's ethical standards;
Amendment 171 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 d (new)
Paragraph 9 d (new)
9d. Recognises the major role that AI and digital technologies may play with regard to human health; welcomes, in this connection, the major developments in genomics, radiology (particularly cancer detection), dermatology and ophthalmology;
Amendment 172 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 e (new)
Paragraph 9 e (new)
9e. Acknowledges the advantages of monitoring health via a mobile application, including for individual pathologies such as addiction, insomnia, depression and pathologies that require more intense monitoring, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis;
Amendment 173 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 f (new)
Paragraph 9 f (new)
9f. Recalls, however, AI's current limits, and that although constant progress is being made with AI, it is no replacement for a doctor's expertise or human contact; recalls that at this stage of our knowledge of AI programming, individuals remain responsible for how they programme algorithms and the information that they feed into an application; calls on the Commission, in the context of this framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, to include the fundamental principle that AI must remain a tool that serves professionals and the general public, and for its legal status to reflect this principle clearly;