Activities of Silvia MODIG related to 2021/2243(INI)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on intersectional discrimination in the European Union: the socio-economic situation of women of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent
Amendments (37)
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 a (new)
Citation 5 a (new)
— having regard to the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of racial Discrimination (ICERD),
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 21 a (new)
Citation 21 a (new)
— having regard to its resolution of 26 March 2019 on fundamental rights of people of African descent in Europe
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 29 a (new)
Citation 29 a (new)
— having regard to the European Handbook on equality Data1a _________________ 1a (https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice- and-fundamental-rights/combatting- discrimination/equality-data- collection_en#equality-data)
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 29 b (new)
Citation 29 b (new)
— having regard to the Commission’s common guiding principles for national action plans against racism and racial discrimination of March 2022
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 34 a (new)
Citation 34 a (new)
— having regard to the UN Decade for People of African Descent 2015-2024
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas many women face intersecting inequalities and discrimination in the EU; whereas intersectional discrimination refers to a situation in which several grounds of discrimination operate and interact with each other, for example gender with other grounds of discrimination such as race, colour, ethnic or socio-economic status, age, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, sex characteristics, genetic features, religion or belief, nationality, residence status, migrant background, or disability, among others, in a way that is inseparable and produces specific types of discrimination;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas applying an intersectional analysis allows us to understand the structural dimension of discrimination and design policies to combat systemic discrimination, exclusion and social inequalities accordingly, while overcoming a single-axis approach to discrimination; whereas EU policies have not involved an intersectional approach thus far and have focused only on the individual dimensions of discrimination, which downplays its institutional, structural and historical dimensions;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas a key challenge in operationalising intersectionality and addressing intersecting forms of discrimination is the absence of intersectional equality data, including data disaggregated by race and ethnicity, age, disability and ethnicity; whereas the lack of relevant data prevents the EU and Member States from actively monitoring the state of inequality and to address and analyse the extent of intersectional discrimination in Europe, leaving groups of people invisible in policy making;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas women subjected to intersecting types of discrimination face multiple obstacles in accessing the formal labour market, leaving them vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation, sexual harassment and mistreatment; whereas across the EU, 91 % of Black women are overqualified in their jobs, compared to 48 % of white women; whereas the precarious situation faced by migrant domestic workers is an example where the intersectionality of race, gender, socioeconomic status and nationality is visible;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
Ha. whereas women experiencing intersectional discrimination face problems in accessing the housing market and therefore often live in areas in which they are exposed to harmful environmental influences leading to diseases for them and their children;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H b (new)
Recital H b (new)
Hb. Whereas due to a lack of generational wealth, women of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent often struggle to finance small businesses which could enable independence;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H c (new)
Recital H c (new)
Hc. whereas racialised women face obstacles in accessing the labour market and as a result predominantly engage in occupations with a higher risk of developing occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas the high unemployment rate among Roma women cannot be explained by one single factor, such as discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, gender or socio-economic background, as these grounds are mutually reinforcing; whereas in some Member States Roma women still experience ethnic segregation in reproductive health care, facing exacerbated forms of verbal, physical, and psychological violence and harassment; reminds that Roma women have been subjected historically to systematic practices of forced and coercive sterilisation in the EU;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I a (new)
Recital I a (new)
Ia. whereas racialised women, including women of African descent are more likely to have their symptoms dismissed by medical providers, whereas the medical education in many Member States does not address diseases and symptoms that affect women of African, Middle Easter, Latin-American and Asian descent;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I b (new)
Recital I b (new)
Ib. whereas in some European countries Black women are four times as likely and Asian Women twice as likely to die in childbirth then white women, and women of African descent have a higher risk of dying of life threatening diseases even if they are less prevalent among them;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
Ka. whereas the racism, xenophobia and discrimination encountered by migrant women are common occurrences throughout the EU; whereas they contribute to poverty and social exclusion and consequently make it difficult to get access to resources and basic social services, such as health care, housing, welfare and social protection benefits, and access to the employment market, education, training and promotion, rates of pay and social security;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
Ka. whereas social and legal changes, as well as research in the medical and biological field, have led to the recognition of diversity in the definition of ‘sex’ in addition to women and men; whereas sex discrimination has been interpreted in the case-law of the CJEU more broadly to include transgender persons who undergo medical transition;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)
Recital K b (new)
Kb. whereas migrant women are particularly vulnerable to poverty and social exclusion; whereas they are often victims of trafficking and other forms of violence such as gender-based violence, forced marriage and genital mutilation; whereas women are subject to specific forms of gender-based persecution and discrimination, which are still too often not recognised in asylum procedures;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital L
Recital L
L. whereas intersecting types of discrimination can have a serious impact on the life of survivors of gender-based violence such as female or intersex genital mutilation, for example by limiting or impeding their access to the prevention, support and protection services they need as a result of a combination of types of discrimination and cultural and linguistic barriers;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital P a (new)
Recital P a (new)
Pa. whereas women’s NGOs and their networks make a considerable contribution to upholding women’s rights and combating discrimination against women;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Stresses the need for EU policymaking to address intersecting forms of discrimination in EU anti- discrimination and gender equality legislation and policies and calls for the polices under the Union of Equality to be strengthened and for an EU framework on intersectional discrimination with cross- cutting objectives and measures to be promoted;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Calls on the incoming EU presidencies to adopt the Anti- Discrimination Directive without delaymake equal treatment and the fight against discrimination a key priority and to adopt the Anti- Discrimination Directive without delay; stresses that this directive presents a unique opportunity to address intersectional discrimination in fields other than employment and occupation;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Member States to collect equality data, including data disaggregated by gender, racial and ethnic origin, based on voluntary participation, anonymity, confidentiality, self- identification and informed consent, while respecting the key principles of data protection and fundamental rights; takes note of the ongoing revision of the European statistics on population; calls on the Commission to ensure that this revision encompasses as many explicit grounds as possible, so as to ensure the collection of reliable equality data;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Member States to collect equality data, including data disaggregated by gender, racial and ethnic origin, sexual orientation and identity, based on voluntary participation, anonymity, confidentiality, self- identification and informed consent, while respecting the key principles of data protection and fundamental rights;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Welcomes the appointment of a Commissioner for Equality and EU coordinators for combating racism, as well as for combating antisemitism and fostering Jewish life; stresses that in order to institutionalise an approach that takes intersectionality into account, the Commission should appoint coordinators aligned with all of the individual Equality Strategies; believes that the collective work of such coordinators will help to institutionalise intersectionality, contribute to the important work of the Commissioner for Equality and strengthen the implementation of each Strategy;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for the role and cooperation of the Commission’s Task Force on Equality to be reinforced and its cooperation with other bodies to be stepped up in order to ensure that all policy measures include an intersectional perspective based on impact assessments of policies and legislation; invites the Commission to reflect further on how to best draw the strategic potential of this initiative, which can be further developed with the inclusion of the Coordinators of each equality field;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Considers the EC Platform on Disability to be a flagship initiative with strategic potential; invites the EC to set up similar structures to ensure full implementation of all strategies under the ‘Union of Equality’ framework;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Highlights the need for a comprehensive directive on gender-based violence with an intersectional approach, covering all women and girls in all their diversity and LGBTIQ people on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics; calls on Member States to ensure that instances of gender-based violence are appropriately investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned and that victim-support services are comprehensive enough to address all forms of violence with a victim-centred perspective, particularly that which results from intersectional discrimination;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Recalls that the principle of equal treatment for men and women cannot be confined to the prohibition of discrimination based on a person’s given sex, and that it also applies to discrimination arising from the person’s gender identity; recalls that the CJEU has interpreted sex discrimination within the principle of equal treatment as encompassing transgender persons who undergone medical transition, yet notes that no such judgements were issued concerning non-binary or intersex persons, questioning the utility and capacity of EU non-discrimination legislation for the large trans population in Europe who cannot or will not access gender affirmation healthcare or for intersex persons; recalls that such individuals will be without remedy if they suffer discrimination compared to those who have physically altered their bodies; recalls the need for EU anti- discrimination to go beyond the gender binary and recognise gender discrimination; calls on the Commission to come up with a legislative proposal that avoid any risk of legal uncertainty in this matter;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Calls for the Member States and the EU to provide implicit bias and awareness- raising training courses within their institutions, including in judicial institutions, asylum processing and intake centres, education, and for the police, healthcare professionals and other civil servants, and to address the effects of the implicit biases on decisions, actions and interactions generated resulting from persistent stereotypes, and the under- representation of certain groups in these sectors; stresses the importance of taking into account the specific experience of women victims of intersectional discrimination in the design, implementation and evaluation of asylum, migration and integration policies;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 b (new)
Paragraph 11 b (new)
11b. Calls on the European Commission and Member States to support single mothers of African, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American and Asian descent in order to ensure their full participation in society;
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the Council Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia13 , the Victim’s Rights Directive, the Racial Equality Directive and the Employment Equality Directive are consistently implemented; _________________ 13 Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law, OJ L 328, 6.12.2008, p. 55.
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14a. Notes that women are disproportionately criminalised due to their situation or status and are prevented from equal access to justice as a result of gender stereotyping, discriminatory laws, intersecting or compounded discrimination, procedural and evidentiary requirements and practices; calls on the Commission and Member States to ensure that access to justice is physically, economically, socially and culturally available to all women;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Calls on the Member States to ensure universal health coverage and to urgently remove the barriers that exist to healthcare for all, including for undocumented migrants; calls on the governments concerned to take measures to improve the reproductive and sexual health protection of all women, to prevent and put an end to forced sterilisation, and to promote family planning, alternative arrangements to early marriages and sex education;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. CNotes that access to health can be impaired by the compounded effect of intersectional discrimination; calls on the Member States to ensure universal health coverage and to urgently remove the barriers that exist to healthcare for all, including for undocumented migrants;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Encourages the Member States to ensure accessible and transparent legal gender recognition procedures based on self-determination and in line with WHO’s ICD-11, and to recognise trans, non-binary and intersex people in law; urges Member States to ban intersex genital mutilation and to ensure that intersex infants are not subjected to non-vital medical or surgical treatment during infancy or childhood;