66 Amendments of Pilar del CASTILLO VERA related to 2018/2088(INI)
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)
Citation 1 a (new)
– having regard to the European Parliament resolution of 1 June 2017 on digitising European industry(2016/2271(INI));
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 b (new)
Citation 1 b (new)
– having regard to the European Parliament resolution of 11 September 2018 on language equality in the digital age(2018/2028(INI)),
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas ethics embedded artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have the potential to enrich our lives and further our capabilities;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. whereas artificial intelligence is one of the strategic technologies for the 21st century both globally and in Europe, bringing positive change for the European economy, enabling innovation, productivity, competitiveness and well- being;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)
Recital B b (new)
Bb. whereas AI constitutes a significant tool to address global societal challenges and the Member’s states through their public policy have to promote investments, to make available funds for R&D, and address barriers to AI development and adoption;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas the existing rules and processes should behave to be evaluated and if needed modified to account for artificial intelligence and robotics;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
Ca. whereas several Member States are developing their own artificial intelligence strategies, and there is a need to coordinate those strategies, to pool research efforts, set common short and long term targets for AI development in order to avoid investment gaps and overlaps;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C b (new)
Recital C b (new)
Cb. whereas building trusted ecosystem for the development of AI technology should be based on Data policy architecture. This implies the creation of smooth and simplified data collection and management programmes for educational research purposes to enable the development of AI in many domains: medical, financial, biological, energy, industrial, chemical or public sector. Believes that data driven AI ecosystem might be pan-European initiatives launched on open standards, mutual recognition of certificates and transparent rules of interoperability;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas AI alone does not ensure truth orand fairness, as bias is introduced in how the data is selected and how the algorithm is writtenre essential for the development and acceptance of the AI, whereas algorithmic design, constant re-evaluation processes as well as data quality should prevent from the bias;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas AI and robotics should be developed to complement humans and human-centred developmentand deployed in a human- centred way with an aim to support humans at their work and at home and relieve them from dangerous jobs;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas text and data mining serves as a foundation for AI and machine learning applications, and are vital for SME's and start-ups because they allow them to access to large quantities of data to train AI algorithms;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Stresses that automation derived fromcombined with artificial intelligence artificial intelligence will increase productivity and therefore increase output; notes that, as in previous technological revolutions, some jobs will be replaced but new jobs will also be created;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Calls on the European Commission to examine the impacts that the applied AI solutions in industry may bring to the EU labour force;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 b (new)
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1b. Recommends that Member States together with businesses, educators and other relevant stakeholders identify the groups that are most at risk of displacement due to AI and develop strategies to manage this transition by supporting reskilling programs, improving professional education and long-life trainings for the current and future workforce with particular focus on SMS; underlines that companies themselves have to invest in training and reskilling of existing workforce in order to meet their needs.
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Believes that digital literacy is one of the most important factors for future AI development. Notes that the digital literacy can support wide participation in the data economy solutions and facilitate communication and cooperation with all partners in the digital relationships;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Recognises that the increased use of sensors in the field of robotics has enhanced the scope of care giving and enables patients to have more personalised treatment and services, generate more meaningful data as well as receive care remotely from their own homes;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 4 a (new)
Subheading 4 a (new)
Research and development
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. WelcomNotes the ambition of Japan’s Robot Strategy to have 4 out of 5 patients opt for robotic care and calls on the Commission to reciprocate this ambition; ; Underlines that Europeans still feel uncomfortable with the idea of using robots in the care for the elderly people or in medical procedures; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop strategies and communication campaigns aiming at upgrade the perception of robots in a daily life;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 c (new)
Paragraph 5 c (new)
5c. Notes that although Artificial Intelligence has a purely technological research and innovation component, research on AI must also be undertaken in the social, ethical and liability areas;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 d (new)
Paragraph 5 d (new)
5d. Encourages Member States to develop multi stakeholders partnerships across industry and research institutes as well as joint AI centres of excellence that will facilitate investments in the AI research and create collaboration and networking across Europe;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 e (new)
Paragraph 5 e (new)
5e. Stresses that Europe has to dedicate the new FET flagship to the Artificial intelligence with a particular emphasis on human centric approach and language technologies;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 f (new)
Paragraph 5 f (new)
5f. Believes that Artificial Intelligence, machine learning and exponential leaps in data availability and cloud computing fuel research initiatives to understand biology at molecular and cellular levels, guide the development of medical treatments and analyse data streams to detect health threats, predict disease outbreaks and counsel patients. Notes that Data mining and data- navigation techniques can be used to identify care gaps, risks, trends and patterns;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Notes the importance of greater investment in this field in order to remain competitive; recognises that while most of the investment and innovation in this area comes from private sector ventures, Member States and the Commission should also be encouraged to invest in research in this sector and outline their development priorities; Welcomes the EU invest proposal and other public private partnerships that will foster private funding; considers that the coordination of private- and public-sector investment should be encouraged to ensure that development is focused;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Considers that public acceptance depends on how public is informed about the opportunities, challenges and developments of artificial intelligence; Recommends Member States and the Commission to launch various information campaigns on the limitations and potential of AI and robotics and addressing mains public concerns such as privacy, safety and transparency of decisions taken by automated systems;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Stresses that connectivity is a precondition for Europe to become part of the gigabit society and AI is a clear example of the exponential growth of a demand for high quality, fast, secure and pervasive connectivity; believes that the Union and the Member States should continue to foster measures to stimulate investment in and take-up of very high capacity networks in the European Union;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 b (new)
Paragraph 8 b (new)
8b. Underlines that EU legislation related to the implementation of the DSM strategy shall remove barriers for the deployment of AI, ask the Commission to evaluate where it is necessary to update policy and regulatory frameworks in order to build a single European market for AI;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 7
Subheading 7
Supporting conditions: connectivity, data accessibility and high-performance computing, cloud infrastructure
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Recalls that the availability of quality data is essential for real competitiveness in the AI industry, and calls for public authorities to ensure ways of producing, sharing and governing data by making data a common good;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Stresses the importance of the quality of data used in development of algorithms, as the standard of the AI systems relies on the data used to train them; Notes that the use of low quality, outdated, incomplete or incorrect data may lead to poor predictions and in turn discrimination and bias, it is therefore important in the age of big data to ensure that algorithms are trained on representative sample of high quality data;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Highlights that cloud computing has a key role to play in driving the uptake of AI. Stress that better access to cloud services will allows private companies, public institutions, research and academic institutions, and users to develop and use AI in an efficient and economically viable way;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Paragraph 9 c (new)
9c. Believes that the success of AI applications, tailored to users across the EU, often requires extensive knowledge of local markets, as well as access to and use of adequate local data for the datasets training, system testing and validation, especially in sectors related to natural language processing. Asks the Member states to encourage the availability of high quality, interoperable and open public sector as well as privately-held data;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 d (new)
Paragraph 9 d (new)
9d. Welcomes the establishment of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking; Underlines that supercomputing and data infrastructure are essential to ensure competitive innovation ecosystem for the development of AI technologies and applications;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 e (new)
Paragraph 9 e (new)
9e. Welcomes the measures to facilitate and support the exchange and sharing of data across borders, to increase flexibility and stimulate economies of scale, such as through the Free Flow of Data Regulation;
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 f (new)
Paragraph 9 f (new)
9f. Considers that AI at the same time can be a cybersecurity threat and the tool to fight against cyber-attacks; encourages the swift completion of the Strategy for Cybersecurity that should ensure the development and deployment of safe AI and robotic systems that are resilient to cyber-attacks; believes that ENISA should prepare an action plan on cybersecurity in the area of AI, which should assess and address threats and weaknesses specific to AI;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 g (new)
Paragraph 9 g (new)
9g. Underlines the importance of strengthening the industrial base as a strategic component of the secure AI development; emphasize that in order to ensure an ambitious level of cybersecurity, data protection and trusted ICT services Europe have to invest in its technological independence; stresses the urgent need for the EU to develop its own infrastructure, data centres, cloud and components such as graphics processors and chips production;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 h (new)
Paragraph 9 h (new)
9h. Recalls that while AI and Robotics already have long-established industrial applications, advancements in the field are expanding and providing wide and diverse applications in all human activities; believes that any regulatory framework must include flexibility that allows for innovation and free development of new technologies and uses for AI;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 i (new)
Paragraph 9 i (new)
9i. Underlines the importance of SME for the AI uptake; welcomes in this context the Commission initiative to create an AI on demand platform that will boost technology transfer and catalyse the growth of start-ups and SMEs. Calls on the Commission to promote Digital Innovation Hubs for the AI that do not lead to the creation of additional administration layers but focus on accelerating investments in projects that have proven their efficiency;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 j (new)
Paragraph 9 j (new)
9j. Believes that AI will be a great asset in terms of implementing the “once only” principle, enabling the combination of data bases and information from different sources, and thereby facilitating citizens’ interactions with public administrations;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 k (new)
Paragraph 9 k (new)
9k. Stresses that public support for the AI should be concentrated to those strategic sectors in which EU industry has greatest opportunities to play a leading role at a global level and which has general public interest added value;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 l (new)
Paragraph 9 l (new)
9l. Asks the Member States to lead this digital transformation by positioning themselves as primary responsible users and buyers of trustworthy AI technology and thus demonstrate that AI can yield tangible benefits to citizens. Stresses that in this context Member States have to adapt their data policies including public data collection, use, repositories or annotation to allow the AI deployment in all public sector;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10a. Believes that trustworthy artificial intelligence can strongly support the reform of public administration in decision-making and improve public services, e.g. in preparing regulatory impact assessment, so its use should be further analysed and promoted;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Notes the impact that AI has already had on designwellness, prevention, diagnoses, research and its great potential for providing personaliszed treatments and predicting heart attacks; care. This ultimately leads to a more sustainable, efficient and outcome-based health care ecosystem;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12 a (new)
Paragraph 12 a (new)
12a. Calls on Commission to work on strategies and policies that can position the EU as a world-leader in the growing field of health care technology, while ensuring that patients have access to seamless and effective medical care;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13a. Acknowledge the potential of AI in reaching the goal of the carbon free energy sector; stresses that with more digitised energy sector energy networks become larger and more exposed to cyber threat; Calls the Member states and the Commission accompany the energy digital transformation with the measures, such as artificial intelligence, improving cyber security;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Notes that voice communication is increasingly used in interaction with vehicles and transport systems but these features are only available for a handful of European languages, so it should be ensured that all Europeans can use these possibilities in their mother tongue;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. BelievStresses that AI needs to be governed by a code of ethics in the same way that human behaviour is guided; recognises that in order to do this, rules must be in place to increase the accountethical rules must be in place to ensure the human centric AI development, the accountability, explainability and transparency of algorithmic decision-making systems, clear liability rules and fairness;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Calls for the creation of an ethical charter of best practice for AI and robotics that companies and experts should follow; Welcomes the Commission initiative to set the High-level experts group on Artificial intelligence as well as EU AI alliance network with the aim to deliver ethical guidelines for the AI. Ask the Commission to ensure the largest possible up take of those ethical guidelines by the industry, academia and public authorities. Believes that the point of departure for any guideline must be a human centric approach to AI. Recommends to the Member states to transfer the guidelines into their national AI strategies and develop real accountability structures for industries and governments as they design and deploy AI;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21a. Considers that continuous follow up of the AI ethical guidelines implementation and impact to the development of the human centric AI is essential. Ask the Commission to analyse if the voluntary ethical guidelines are sufficient to ensure the inclusive ethically embedded uptake of AI that do not generate economic and social divides in EU societies and suggest if needed regulatory and policy measures;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 b (new)
Paragraph 21 b (new)
21b. Believes that Europe should lead worldwide by deploying only ethically embedded AI; underlines that to achieve this there is a need to ensure the governance of ethics in AI at different levels; recommends the Member States to instate AI ethics monitoring and oversight bodies and encourage companies developing AI to establish ethics board and elaborate ethical guides for their AI developers;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 c (new)
Paragraph 21 c (new)
21c. Stresses that European standards for AI must be based on the principles of digital ethics, human dignity, respect of fundamental rights, data protection and security, thus contributing to building trust among users; emphasises the importance of capitalising on the EU’s potential for creating a strong infrastructure for AI systems rooted in high standards of data and respect for humans; Notes that, in the development of AI principle, transparency and the explainability need to be embedded;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22
Paragraph 22
22. Notes that AI will not be flawless but will remain a useful tool as long as fewer errors are made than when the same decisStresses the difficulty and the complexity to predict the future behaviours of many complex AI systems and the emerging behaviours of interacting AI systems; ask the Commission to evaluate if there is a need for the specific regulations are made by humanslated to AI- enabled decision-making;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Calls for people to have aonsiders that autonomy of human beings in the context of AI development should be ensured by full and effective self-determination over themselves, including the right ofor appeal when AI is used foron decisions affecting individuals, which carry a significant risk for individuals’ rights and freedoms or may result to harm;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24 a (new)
Paragraph 24 a (new)
24a. Reiterates that AI systems should not create or reinforce bias; underlines that when developing and using algorithms considerations around bias and fairness must be included at all stages from the design to implementation phase. The data set and the algorithm must be assessed and regularly tested to ensure the decision-making is accurate;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Points out that whilest AI brings great benefits in automation and decision- making, it also carries an inherent risk when the algorithms are static and opaque; stresses, in this context, the need for greater transparency of algorithuncertainty about its usage. This needs to be guarded against through greater transparency and explainability of AI systems;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25 a (new)
Paragraph 25 a (new)
25a. Highlights that transparency and explainability should be users centred and provide meaningful information about the values, processes and outcomes;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 26
26. Points out that the lack of transparency of these technologies and their applications raises a number of ethical issues including human dignity, safety and right to privacy;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Considers that algorithmicUnderlines that transparency and clear rules is a precondition to the accountability that should fall on the operator and be regulated by policy-makers through impact assessments based on established parameteror the provider of the algorithmic decision systems;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28
28. Notes that disclosing the computer code itself would be ineffectiveopen code itself will not solve the AI transparency issue, because it would not reveal the inherent biases that exist, and wouldit fails to explain the machine- learning process; cites as an example of this Google’s 'PageRank' algorithm, which enabled website owners to manipulate their pages with hidden content that would be interpreunderlines that we have to seek to understand the behaviour of algorithm leading to a decision and this can be achieved through algorithm design itself, appropriated as desirablend comprehensive user in forder to increase viewsmation, internal and external audits, certification;
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. Acknowledges that revealing the code or trade secrets would also discourage companies from R&D of new code, since their intellectual property would be at risk; notes that development of AI should encourage instead for the interpretability of models and their interaction with the input and training data;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Notes AI is a global phenomenon and consequently a human centric approach to AI will require cooperation and compatible policies across the globe ; Calls on the Commission to work aton an international level to ensure maximalpromote EU ethical values worldwide and to ensure that there is the greatest consistency between international players;
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32 a (new)
Paragraph 32 a (new)
32a. Calls on the Commission to work towards developing a strong EU leadership which can prevent duplication/ fragmentation of efforts and ensure national-level policies and the exchange of best practices for wider usage of AI.
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. Welcomes the differentnational strategies developed by the Member States , and the Commission initiative to coordinate and monitor Member States AI uptake, impact and investments;
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 a (new)
Paragraph 33 a (new)
33a. Calls on the Commission to reinforce cybersecurity capacity by further combining and coordinating efforts across Europe;
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 b (new)
Paragraph 33 b (new)
33b. Stresses that a harmonised, risk- based and progressive EU data policy framework would increase trust and support the path of AI in Europe, thereby ensuring the completion of the Digital Single Market and increased productivity of European based businesses;