Activities of Cornelia ERNST related to 2020/2217(INI)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on a European strategy for data
Amendments (84)
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 22 a (new)
Citation 22 a (new)
- having regard to the Court of Justice of the European Union ruling on the Schrems II case C-311/18, from July 16 2020,
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas digitalisation has transformed the economy, society and citizens’ daily lives, and whereas data, which is duplicated every 18 months, is at the heart of this transformation; whereas digitalisation should also be an opportunity to reduce human exposure to harmful and hazardous conditions and help to create more quality and decent jobs;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
A b. whereas Midea, a Chinese household appliance company, finalised the acquisition in January 2017 of the European company KUKA AG, one of the world's leading suppliers of robotics, installation technology and intelligent systems engineering; whereas this takeover should have served as a wake-up call for the protection of the European AI sector, in particular for SMEs and start- ups;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)
Recital A c (new)
A c. whereas EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager has alerted member countries to the risks of Chinese takeovers during the coronavirus crisis; whereas the European Commission has pointed out that in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, there could be an increased risk of attempts to acquire healthcare capacity (e.g. for the production of medical or protective equipment) or related activities such as research institutes (e.g. for the development of vaccines) through foreign direct investment 1a; _________________ 1a https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/ rep/3/2020/FR/C-2020-1981-F1-FR- MAIN-PART-1.PDF
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A d (new)
Recital A d (new)
A d. whereas only public authorities have the means to undertake a large-scale social transition to a data economy; whereas the current digital giants, GAFAMs, have all benefited from the support of the American administration and the Chinese state, respectively through massive tax exemptions and subsidies; whereas European values can enable the European public authorities to plan this transition in a fair, redistributive way for companies and territories;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A e (new)
Recital A e (new)
A e. whereas there are a number of ongoing investigations in the Member States into the abuse of the dominant position of GAFAM; whereas there is concern about the data collected by Google via its applications;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas data is an essential resource for economic growththe recovery plan, job creation and societal progress and iscan be a key enabler of the transition to green and climate- neutral societies; whereas data localisation in the EU represents an important step towards strategic autonomy and reduction of emissions of the EU; whereas relocation of data centers in Europe should be considered under the Green taxonomy; whereas it is absolutely necessary to minimise the ecological footprint of digital technology and in particular the volume of electrical and electronic waste;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas the digital sector is currently responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions; whereas the greenhouse effect and the strong increase in use suggests that this carbon footprint will double by 2025;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)
Recital B b (new)
B b. whereas an average data centre already consumes the energy equivalent of a city of 10,000 inhabitants and greenhouse gas emissions due to digital technology are currently increasing by around 8% per year; whereas in its November study, the European Commission expects a 28% increase in data centre consumption from 2018 to 2030; whereas their share in European electricity consumption would also increase, from 2.7% in 2018 to 3.2% in ten years' time; whereas edge computing, an alternative to the Cloud, is also expected to explode, from 2% of energy consumption to 12% 1a; _________________ 1a https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single- market/en/news/energy-efficient-cloud- computing-technologies-and-policies-eco- friendly-cloud-market
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B c (new)
Recital B c (new)
B c. whereas artificial intelligence has an energy balance; whereas already 47% of digital carbon emissions are due to consumer equipment (computers, smartphones, tablets, connected objects); considering that a standard machine learning project today emits about 284 tons of CO2 equivalent over its entire development cycle, i.e. five times the emissions of a car, from its manufacture to its scrapping 1a; considering therefore that advocating simultaneously the "Internet of Things" and the fight against the climate crisis is nonsense and that a major change in production and consumption must be made by our societies; _________________ 1aEnergy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP, Cornell University https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02243?utm_sou rce=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm _campaign=Feed%3A+arxiv%2FQSXk+ %28ExcitingAds%21+cs+updates+on+ar Xiv.org%29
Amendment 30 #
B d. whereas under a high demand scenario, the EU would need 18 times more lithium by 2030 and 60 times more by 2050 1a; whereas the mining needed for this development is water-intensive, which may compete with the needs of local populations, especially in water-stressed regions; whereas mining activities in third countries can be the source of intense pollution affecting the quality of water, air and soil, deforestation and loss of biodiversity; whereas extractive activities are concentrated in developing countries, where labour standards are far less protective than in the EU, and whereas, as a result, working conditions in mining operations endanger the health and lives of mine workers; whereas pollution caused by mining activities has a direct impact on the livelihood of local populations and may ultimately force them into exile; whereas local populations suffer the indirect consequences of water, air and soil contamination, with a major impact on their health; _________________ 1ahttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52 020DC0493&from=FR#footnote87
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas the Union must urgently take action to reap the benefits of data by building an ethically sustainable, human- centric, trustworthy and secure data society that respects human and labour rights, fundamental rights and democracy;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
C a. whereas there is an exponential development of task work on platforms, the so-called microwork; whereas according to the World Bank, there were 145 online work platforms in 2013, around which 50 million crowdworkers were gravitating; whereas these workers are constantly confronted with algorithmic reputation scores and automated tests, and are at constant risk of being disconnected from the platforms without recourse in the event of prolonged poor scoring; whereas they are therefore particularly exposed to insecurity, social isolation, overwork, work and unstructured lifestyles with significant consequences for their physical and mental well-being;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas all uses of personal data should be consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation and the e-Privacy Directive; whereas two years after the implementation of the GDPR, the European Commission needs to take action to make sure authorities do not abuse current data protection rules; whereas the processing of workers' data has become increasingly complex; whereas in a growing number of contexts workers interact with technologies, applications, software, tracking devices, social media or in-vehicle devices that monitor their health, biomedical data, communications and interactions with others, as well as their level of engagement and concentration, or behaviours; whereas however only one article of the GDPR is devoted to employment, Article 88 on the processing of personal data in the context of employment relations;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas data resulting from the "free collaboration" of users through their activities are the raw material on which the digital economy feeds; whereas data, and in particular personal data, are indeed at the heart of all business models in the digital economy; whereas data are acquiring a value that is increasingly well documented by the market and its observers; whereas data constitutes a common basis for the entire digital economy conducive to the establishment of a digital tax system;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
D b. whereas health is a particularly sensitive sector for the processing of personal data; whereas while AI will undoubtedly bring societal benefits in this sector, it nevertheless entails risks which justify strict supervision and regulation; whereas digital health must not pave the way for the dehumanisation of care; whereas, moreover, the digital divide, if not bridged, is likely to contribute significantly to the spread of medical deserts across Europe;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D c (new)
Recital D c (new)
D c. whereas personal health data must remain the property of the patient; whereas no information concerning a patient's health should be communicated without the patient's full and informed consent; whereas personal health data, due to their extremely sensitive nature, must be scrupulously protected; whereas the highest cybersecurity standards must be established for these networks; whereas, in particular, interesting initiatives by some AI developers born during the crisis, offering anti-spam solutions to hospitals for the protection of their messaging systems free of charge and without obligation against computer attacks;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D d (new)
Recital D d (new)
D d. whereas it is particularly important in the field of health to guarantee a high level of protection of the rights of individuals and the need to respect the principles of limitation and minimisation of data by these new research processing operations, which are extremely sensitive, in the context of the development of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of health; whereas there are risks inherent in the possible concentration of sensitive data on a technological platform, which requires the introduction of appropriate security measures; whereas, finally, there are material and legal risks in the event of transfers of data outside the European Union;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D e (new)
Recital D e (new)
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D f (new)
Recital D f (new)
D f. whereas EU data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increased complexity and interconnection of care and medical robots that may be required to handle highly sensitive personal information and medical data and aligned with the integrated protection of privacy, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on data protection;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D g (new)
Recital D g (new)
D g. whereas concerns have been repeatedly raised by the European Data Protection Committee (EDPS) regarding access by North American authorities to data transferred to the United States, in particular the collection of and access to personal data for national security purposes under Section 702 of the US FISA Act and Executive Order 12 333;
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D h (new)
Recital D h (new)
D h. whereas the provisions of the GDPR prohibit any request for access from a court or administrative authority of a third country, addressed to companies whose processing operations are subject to the GDPR, outside an applicable international agreement or, according to the interpretation of the EDPS, outside the application of a derogation relating to the vital interest of the data subject;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D i (new)
Recital D i (new)
D i. whereas most Member States have already launched legislative frameworks for driverless driving, which requires a large data infrastructure, without any debate on the social utility of autonomous vehicles;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D j (new)
Recital D j (new)
D j. whereas the European Union’s ICT agency for internal security and border control, eu-LISA, has signed a framework contract for a new biometric matching system, which aims to create a database of fingerprints and facial images of more than 400 million people by 2022;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D k (new)
Recital D k (new)
D k. whereas the gender gap between women and men continues to exist across all digital technology domains, with Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity being among the domains with the largest gaps; whereas this gender gap has a concrete impact on the development of AI, reproducing and enhancing stereotypes and bias, since it has predominantly been designed by males;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for a regulation and the viability of European industries and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a democratic data society, which will bring better services, sustainable growth and jobs;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis highlights the role of real-time data; as been the occasion to develop the role of real-time data with noticeable success yet to be demonstrated; further notes concerns expressed by citizens; recalls its position regarding the application developed to fight Covid-19, especially that any use of applications developed by national and EU authorities may not be obligatory and that the generated data are not to be stored in centralised databases, which are prone to potential risk of abuse and loss of trust and may endanger uptake throughout the Union; demands that all storage of data be decentralised, full transparency be given on commercial interests of developers of these applications, and that clear projections be demonstrated as regards how the use of contact tracing apps by a part of the population, in combination with specific other measures 1a ; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/doc ument/RC-9-2020-0143_EN.html
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Stresses that the processing of workers' data has become increasingly complex; in view of the development of technologies that can analyse not only physical traits and biometric data, but also engage in facial recognition and even detect emotions or behaviour, considers that new legislation is needed to strengthen workers' rights of access to their analysed data and the way in which these data are used, stored or shared outside the employment relationship;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 b (new)
Paragraph 2 b (new)
2 b. Considers it regrettable that only one article of the GDPR is devoted to employment, Article 88 on the processing of personal data in the context of employment relations; stresses that it is imperative that workers be properly trained in how to exercise their right to respect for their personal data; calls on the Commission to present a revision of the GDPR in order to adopt more specific measures to ensure the protection of workers' rights and freedoms; urges the European Data Protection Committee, pending a proposal from the Commission, to provide guidelines extending the scope of Article 88;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 c (new)
Paragraph 2 c (new)
2 c. Considers that trade unions, at the national level, should be involved and be able to cooperate more extensively with national data protection authorities, to provide them with recommendations relating to the specific situations of workers and to encourage them to develop guidelines on data protection and privacy in the workplace;
Amendment 86 #
2 d. Insists that rules on surveillance and monitoring of employees must be clearly justified and discussed on a case- by-case basis in consultation with trade union organisations; considers that these rules should cover as many aspects as possible, set limits, and indicate where and how data is collected from employees, in particular as regards private e-mails, messages posted on social networks or off-line activities; demands that the right of employees to be disconnected or unreachable be respected;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 f (new)
Paragraph 2 f (new)
2 f. Welcomes the proposal of Data Governance Act to deliver on Commissionner Breton's stance that European data should be stored and processed in Europe because they belong in Europe; further insists that July ECJ case on the Privacy Shield should be the occasion for regulators to call for data stored in the U.S. to be relocated to Europe;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 g (new)
Paragraph 2 g (new)
2 g. Considers that if the Commission opts for a risk based approach, the levels of risk shouldn't be limited to 'high risk' and 'low risk' applications but rather a scaling up of risks to coincide with the variety of applications and relating risks;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 h (new)
Paragraph 2 h (new)
2 h. Considers that biometric data, given their specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as their potential misuses, should be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale proposed by the Commission; strongly believes that the use of biometric data should be submitted to specific safeguards such as the informed and explicit consent of their owner as well as access to effective remedies in case of misuse of such data;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 2 a (new)
Subheading 2 a (new)
Recalls that the Union is founded on the values set out in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union and on the respect of the precautionary principle set out in Article 191(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 2 b (new)
Subheading 2 b (new)
Stresses the need to constantly question the social and environmental utility of each technology developed; affirms as elected officials our responsibility to question progress, that not every feasible technological development is necessarily beneficial to society;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Believes that the Union’s aim must be an EU-governed, human-centric, data- driven society built on trust and values of privacy, transparency and fundamental and labour rights;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Is of the opinion that some technologies need particular attentions and legal safeguards while some others, even with clear check and balances, have a detrimental effect on society, especially in the hand of an authoritarian regime; invites to always reflect upon ethical framework of AI before developing any technology;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Notes that a well-built data society may benefits all, empowers workers instead of lowering their working conditions, and does not lead to inequality or digital gapslead to equality and narrowed digital gaps; insists that, for this goal to be achieved, the EU needs to provide a legal and empowering European framework based on human rights, and therefore including labour and trade union rights and ethical rules; insists on maintaining and reinforcing workers’ protection, preventing disproportionate and undue surveillance at work, prohibiting discriminatory treatments on the basis of biased algorithms, and preventing abuse of data protection and privacy, ensuring compliance and going beyond GDPR and maintaining their privacy;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of growth and innovation that should be tapped; believes that this growth can be enhanced via a level playing field and strong multi-player fair market economy; notes that data is becoming increasingly valued by the market and its observers; recalls, for example, that the McKinsey Global Institute, in a report on Big Data, estimated the value that can be created by Big Data at EUR 250 billion in public administrations in Europe; recalls also that, according to the Boston Consulting Group, personal data collected from European consumers would have been worth EUR 315 billion in 2011 and could in future create value worth 8% of European GDP from 2020 onwards;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support sustainability, the Green Deal and Union’s climate targets, including climate neutrality by 2050; recalls the goal of 60 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6 a. Supports the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 2020-2024 Strategy based on three pillars : foresight, action and solidarity 1a ; _________________ 1ahttps://edps.europa.eu/edps-strategy- 2020-2024/
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces, covering transparency, interoperability, sharing, access and portability of data, to enhance the flow and reuse of industrial and public data; further supports the creation of a concept of data of general interest in the upcoming framework, in particular for private data whose opening is justified for public research purposes (energy production and consumption, biodiversity data, climate data, etc.), in accordance with the work of the Internet Governance Forum 1a ; _________________ 1a https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual /content/igf-2019-ws-191-public-interest- data-where-are-we-to-do-what
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7 a. Stresses that an ambitious regulatory framework can stimulate innovation in the AI sector by giving clear limits and standards, in particular for SMEs; further underlines that there is no such thing as overregulation when it comes to defending fundamental rights;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 b (new)
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7 b. Underlines the specificity of the health sector; agrees with the Commission that citizens should have secure access to a comprehensive electronic record of data concerning their health and that they should retain control over personal data concerning their health and be able to share them securely with authorised third parties, while unauthorised access should be prohibited, in compliance with data protection legislation; furthermore affirms that data should be stored on secure local servers and processed by independent bodies;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 c (new)
Paragraph 7 c (new)
7 c. Stresses that insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use data from e-health applications for the purpose of discriminating in the setting of prices, as this would run counter to the fundamental right of access to health1a; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/doc ument/TA-9-2019-0105_FR.html
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 d (new)
Paragraph 7 d (new)
7 d. Recalls, in line with GDPR, the recommendations issued by many national data protection authorities to reserve hosting and data management services in the health sector to entities under the exclusive jurisdiction of the European Union;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 e (new)
Paragraph 7 e (new)
7 e. Recalls the position of the EDPS following its own-initiative investigation into EU institutions’ use of Microsoft products and services, notably pointing out that the discretion that Microsoft had, amounted to a broad right for Microsoft to act as a controller; supports the idea that given the EU institutions’ role as public service institutions, the EU institutions should act to retain controllership;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Insists that the data governance model be built on a decentralised data operating environment; further recommends to use as much as possible open source software in all public administrations of the EU;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls for the creation of a Commission-led body or DG that would set common Union-wide guidelineregulations on data governance; calls for citizens, civil society and businesses to be adequately represented in the governance of data spaces; is opposed to the creation of a new agency following the report of October from the Court of Auditors 1a ; advises current DGs to enhance their cooperation with the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS); _________________ 1a https://www.eca.europa.eu/fr/Pages/News Item.aspx?nid=14564
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust, create common standards and regulations and build well-formed application programming interfaces (APIs), and to consider using pre-agreed sandboxes to test innovations;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; considers that mixed data sets, combining personal and non-personal data, should be subject to the rules of the GDPR; urges the Commission to define guidance on and practices in the utilisation of mixed data sets in industrial environments while guaranteeing privacy rules for personal data; calls on the Commission to consider creating a horizontal and cross-cutting personal data space alongside other data spaces to addressempower citizens via, for example, trustworthy intermediators such as MyData operators, which store data with the consent of the owners; asks the Commission to look into the cshalleringe of mixed data sets and empower citizens vianon-personal data held by the private sector with NGOs, and in particular with consumer organisations, for example, trustworthy intermediators such as MyData operators, which store data with the consent of the ownero improve product testing; stresses that organisations pursuing public interest objectives should have access to non-personal data to strengthen their actions;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14 a. Insists that consumers should always be able to decide who has access to their personal data and under what conditions, even for non-commercial use of the data for public interest purposes;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 4 a (new)
Subheading 4 a (new)
Considers that the incorporation of user data into the production chains of the digital economy contributes to blurring the boundary between production and consumption; stresses that, through this activity and the data it generates, the user of an application not only helps to minimise the price he has to pay but also contributes to the production of value for other users or customers on another side of the business model;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 4 b (new)
Subheading 4 b (new)
Considers that in the digital economy application users are also, through their bottom-up contributions, auxiliaries to production and distribution; stresses that this abundance and availability, as well as the lack of remuneration for what could be considered "free work", contributes to the low marginal cost of operation and explains the exponential returns to scale inherent in the digital economy; points out, moreover, that this form of "free work" by users has enabled many digital companies to do without employees, for example in the areas of content creation or customer support;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 4 c (new)
Subheading 4 c (new)
Recalls that data resulting from the "free collaboration" of users through their activities are the raw material on which the digital economy feeds; stresses that data, and in particular personal data, are indeed at the heart of all business models in the digital economy; recalls that in the digital economy it is by default that user activity leaves traces and that this activity can be captured in the form of data, be it observed data, user-submitted data or inferred data;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Urges the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable an increasing B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G flow of data in all sectors; supports the creation of a concept of data of general interest in the upcoming framework, in particular for private data whose opening is justified for public research purposes (energy production and consumption, biodiversity data, climate data, etc.), in accordance with the work of the Internet Governance Forum;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes and to create an exception for compulsory data sharing for those data of general interest;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Notes that there are specific circumstances, such as systematic imbalances in B2B data value chains, where access to data should be compulsory e.g. via well-formed APIs; encourages therefore the Commission to support European SMEs in the face of GAFAM;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18 a (new)
Paragraph 18 a (new)
18 a. Insists that workers should have a right to an explanation of the decisions taken by algorithms in order to reduce the uncertainty and opacity which are detrimental to the long-term well-being of workers; calls on the Commission and the Member States to legislate to this end; urges the Commission to propose a legislative initiative concerning platform workers in order to provide them with the legal protection necessary for their physical and mental well-being;
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18 b (new)
Paragraph 18 b (new)
18 b. Insists that industrial and collaborative robots must respect the health, safety and physical or ergonomic needs of workers; stresses that this implies, inter alia, the integration of data protection requirements into machines and work processes from the design stage and the protection of data by default;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to lead by example and provide real-time services and a policy based on real-time data provided exclusively by European providers in order to be coherent with its defense of digital sovereignty;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Calls for more and better secondary uses of anonymised personal data, especially in G2B/G2G exchanges, to boost innovation, research and services;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-ins for publicly collected data; calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements; strongly recommends the creation of a European Buy Act compelling public procurement to a minimum threshold of European digital materials, devices or services;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Stresses that algorithms and machines that have the capacity to learn and evolve should be designed transparently and respectfully from the outset, paying particular attention to their implications for the physical and mental well-being of workers and consumers;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 a (new)
Paragraph 22 a (new)
22 a. Calls on the Commission to introduce a temporary ban on foreign takeovers of European AI and robotics companies that are currently undervalued or have commercial problems due to the coronavirus crisis;
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 b (new)
Paragraph 22 b (new)
22 b. Supports the Commission in establishing a list of assets and companies in "critical" areas, such as health, medical research, biotechnology, digital technology, artificial intelligence, robotics and infrastructure essential to our security and public order; calls for a threshold to be set in order to prevent the majority acquisition by foreign companies of companies in critical areas;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 c (new)
Paragraph 22 c (new)
22 c. Calls for the establishment of a duty to explain the decisions taken by AI;
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s technological sovereignty, to work on technologies that are made within the EU, facilitate data sharing and analytics, and to invest in capacity building and high- impact projects to promote research, innovation and deployment of digital technologies; recommends the creation of a European Buy Act compelling public procurement to a minimum threshold of European materials or devices;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 a (new)
Paragraph 23 a (new)
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT, fibre, 5G, 6G, quantum, edge computing, block chain and high-performance computing; recalls that all development of technologies should be properly assessed, bearing in mind its social utility, preceded by a broad public debate and in respect of national democratic scrutiny and votes; further stresses that this is a precondition to avoid technophobia; expresses its worriedness via a vis the lack of public debate and impact assessment, notably on environnement, before launching 5G deployment;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x; regrets that this initiative is not an EU-led public project involving all Member States but an association of 22 companies and organisations;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 26
26. Calls on the Commission to develop a ‘cloud rule book’egulation that will inter aliapromote European cloud and oblige service providers to reveal where data is stored and ensure users have sovereignty over their data;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy; urges the Commission to present solutions suited to market players of all sizes such as enhancement of blockchain technologies;
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27 a (new)
Paragraph 27 a (new)
27 a. Insists on the promotion and development of ecological European data centres in order to reduce our dependence on foreign and private data centres, subject to European norms and standards, with a medium-term objective of 100% renewable energy use;
Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27 b (new)
Paragraph 27 b (new)
27 b. Calls on the Commission to ambitiously reform the Ecodesign Regulation for servers and the Energy Efficiency Directive in order to anticipate the explosion of energy consumption by data centres;
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 6 a (new)
Subheading 6 a (new)
Stresses that the datasets and algorithmic systems used when making classifications, assessments and predictions at the different stages of data processing in the development of AI and related technologies may also result in differential treatment of and indirect discrimination against groups of people with similar characteristics; calls for a rigorous examination of AI’s classification practices and harms; emphasises that AI technologies require to take into good account science and technology studies, critical race studies, disability studies, and other disciplines attuned to social context, including how difference is constructed, the work of classification, and its consequences; stresses the need therefore to systematically invest in integrating these disciplines into AI study and research at all levels;
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. Calls on the Commission to promote data literacy skills for all, software engineering, ICT talent attraction, employment of women in tech and data literacy skills for all; further draws attention to the still important gender gap in AI and cybersecurity sectors; recommends to use machine learning training datasets that come from diverse human samples or to ensure that humans labelling the training datasets come from diverse backgrounds;
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling; encourages Member States to address the gender gap in STEM via resources, advocacy and salary negotiation training;
Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequateregrettably still weak in the face of its already overwhelming place in our societies; calls on the Commission to work with like-mindethe UN and third countries to agree on new international standards to govern the use of new technologies, such as AI; recalls the precedents of espionage by some of our so-called like-minded partners; calls on the European Union not to be naïve in its relations with its partners on digital and cybersecurity issues; stresses, particularly in the context of global competition, that the European Union has been able, with the GDPR, to lead the way towards an ethically demanding binding model;
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries when privacy, security and other legitimate public policy interests are met; calls on the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy, including the prohibion the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy; recalls EU Court decision regarding the Privacy Shield and recommendations of unjustified data localisation requirementthe EDPS regarding transfer of data to third countries;
Amendment 366 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 a (new)
Paragraph 33 a (new)
33 a. Recalls its recommendation on the negotiations for a new partnership with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland stressing the importance of data protection both as a fundamental right, as well as a key enabler for the digital economy; notes that, according to the case law of the CJEU, in order for the Commission to declare the adequacy of the UK data protection framework, it must demonstrate that the UK provides a level of protection “essentially equivalent” to that offered by EU legal framework, including on onward transfers to third countries;