2020/2217(INI) A European strategy for data
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
S&D
EPP
Renew
Verts/ALE
ID
ECR
GUE/NGL
RELead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54, RoP 57
Legal Basis:
RoP 54, RoP 57Subjects
Events
2021/03/25
EP - Results of vote in Parliament
Documents
2021/03/25
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2021/03/25
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted by 602 votes to 8, with 78 abstentions, a resolution on a European strategy for data.
Members believe that the European data strategy will be a prerequisite for the viability of European businesses and their global competitiveness, as well as for the progress of universities, research centres and emerging artificial intelligence. It will be a crucial step in building a data society that respects EU rights and values, in defining the conditions for the data economy, and in establishing the EU's leading role.
The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the role of and need for high-quality, real-time databases, information and data sharing, as well as shortcomings in the infrastructure and interoperability of solutions across Member States. The resolution stressed the vital role of the principle of free movement of data within the EU in realising the full potential of the data-driven economy.
Values and principles
The EU must strive for EU-wide data governance and a human-centric, data society and economy based on the Union’s values of privacy, transparency and respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, empowering its citizens to take meaningful decisions over the data produced by or relating to them.
Members want future proposals that involve the processing of personal data are subject to the supervision of data protection authorities pursuant to the GDPR, in order to ensure that innovation also considers the impact on citizens’ rights. Any misuse of data, including through mass surveillance, should be excluded.
Governance
Parliament supports the creation of a data governance framework and common European data spaces, which should be subject to EU rules and cover transparency, interoperability, sharing, access, portability and security of data, with a view to enhancing the flow and reuse of non-personal data or personal data that is fully GDPR-compliant and securely anonymised in both industrial and public environments and across and within specific sectors.
Member called for the creation of a Commission-led expert group that would have the capacity to help and advise the Commission to set common, EU-wide guidelines on data governance in order to turn interoperability and data sharing into a reality in the EU.
Data spaces
The Commission and Member States are encouraged to create interoperable sectoral data spaces that follow common guidelines, legal requirements and protocols for data exchange.
The resolution encouraged the Commission to use common European data spaces to build trust, adopt common standards, encourage the creation of well-designed application programming interfaces (APIs) and robust authentication systems, and to consider using pre-agreed data experimentation spaces to test innovations.
Parliament supports the Commission's intention to promote the development of nine common European data spaces for industry (manufacturing), the Green Deal, mobility, health, finance, energy, agriculture, public administration and skills. The concept of European Common Data Spaces could be extended to other sectors such as tourism, cultural and creative industries and cultural heritage.
Mixed data
Recalling that it is not always possible to separate personal data from non-personal data such as industrial data, Parliament called on the Commission and European data protection authorities to provide further guidance on the lawful processing of data and on practices for the use of mixed data sets in industrial environments, in full compliance with the GDPR.
Data act
Parliament urged the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable a greater and fair B2B, B2G, government-to-business (G2B) and government-to-government (G2G) flow of data in all sectors. The Commission is encouraged to facilitate a data sharing culture and voluntary data sharing schemes, such as the implementation of best practices, fair contractual model agreements and security measures.
Infrastructure and cybersecurity
Parliament called on the Commission and Member States to support the development of European cloud computing offerings and to develop a ‘set of rules on cloud computing’ that will provide a solid framework for greater clarity and easier compliance with the rules applicable to cloud services, including obliging service providers to disclose where data is processed and stored, while ensuring users' sovereignty over their data.
Members welcomed the Commission's proposal to create a new European Cyber Security Competence Centre.
Global rules
Parliament considered that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate. It invited the Commission to come forward with a comparative analysis of the regulatory environment for data in third countries. The resolution highlighted the need for international rules and standards to foster global cooperation aimed at strengthening data protection and establishing safe and appropriate data transfers, while fully respecting EU and Member States’ laws and standards.
Documents
2021/03/25
EP - End of procedure in Parliament
2021/03/02
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details
The Committee on Industry, Research and Energy adopted the own-initiative report by Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI (S&D, FI) on a European strategy for data.
Values and principles
Members stressed that the EU must strive for EU-wide data governance and a human-centric, data society and economy based on the Union’s values of privacy, transparency and respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, empowering its citizens to take meaningful decisions over the data produced by or relating to them. The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the role of and need for high-quality, real-time databases, information and data sharing, as well as shortcomings in the infrastructure and interoperability of solutions across Member States. Therefore, individuals should have full control of their data and be further assisted in enforcing their data protection and privacy rights regarding the data they generate. The right to data portability and the data subject’s access, rectification and erasure rights provided for by the General Data Protection Regulation.
Data governance and spaces
The committee supports the creation of a data governance framework and common European data spaces, which should be subject to EU rules and cover transparency, interoperability, sharing, access, portability and security of data, with a view to enhancing the flow and reuse of non-personal data or personal data that is fully GDPR-compliant and securely anonymised in both industrial and public environments and across and within specific sectors.
Members called for the creation of a Commission-led expert group that would have the capacity to help and advise the Commission to set common, EU-wide guidelines on data governance in order to turn interoperability and data sharing into a reality in the EU. They encouraged the Commission to use common European data spaces to enhance trust, adopt common standards and regulations, and encourage the creation of well-formed application programming interfaces (APIs) along with robust authentication mechanisms, and to consider using pre-agreed, clearly specified and time-bound sandboxes to test innovations and new business models as well as new data management and processing tools, both in the public and private sector.
Inseparability of personal and non-personal data
The report recalled that personal and non-personal data, such as industrial data, is not always separable and can be difficult and costly to separate, with the result being that a large amount of data currently remains unused. Data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked are always treated as personal data, including in cases where the personal data represents only a small part of the data set. Therefore, Members urged the Commission to:
- provide further guidance on the lawful processing of data and on practices on the utilisation of mixed data sets in industrial environments;
- consider establishing a legislative framework and a clear definition of horizontal and cross-cutting personal data spaces alongside other data spaces, and to further clarify the challenge of mixed data sets.
Data act, access and interoperability
Members urged the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable a greater and fair B2B, B2G, government-to-business (G2B) and government-to-government (G2G) flow of data in all sectors. Collaborative approaches for sharing data and standardised data agreements should be encouraged to improve predictability and trustworthiness. There is a need for contracts to set clear obligations and liability for the accessing, processing, sharing and storing of data in order to limit the misuse of such data.
Infrastructure and cybersecurity
In relation to cloud service providers, Members called on the Commission to oblige in the future “Cloud rulebook” for service providers to show where they store data. Additionally, the report stated that cloud service providers should not have access to data stored on their servers, unless there is a separate agreement between parties. A more robust cybersecurity is a prerequisite for a stable data economy.
Global rules
Lastly, Members considered that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate. They invited the Commission to come forward with a comparative analysis of the regulatory environment for data in third countries. The report highlighted the need for international rules and standards to foster global cooperation aimed at strengthening data protection and establishing safe and appropriate data transfers, while fully respecting EU and Member States’ laws and standards.
Documents
2021/02/23
EP - Vote in committee
2021/02/18
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2021/01/28
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2021/01/27
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2021/01/27
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2021/01/12
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/11/12
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2020/10/22
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2020/10/22
EP - Referral to associated committees announced in Parliament
2020/10/20
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/10/12
EP - VOSS Axel (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in JURI
2020/09/11
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2020/06/11
EP - KALJURAND Marina (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in LIBE
2020/06/03
EP - HAIDER Roman (ID) appointed as rapporteur in TRAN
2020/05/27
EP - ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ Juan Ignacio (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in AGRI
2020/04/22
EP - MAXOVÁ Radka (Renew) appointed as rapporteur in CULT
2020/04/21
EP - KUMPULA-NATRI Miapetra (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in ITRE
2020/04/01
EP - SCHALDEMOSE Christel (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in IMCO
Documents
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0098/2021
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0027/2021
- Committee opinion: PE659.067
- Committee opinion: PE660.120
- Committee opinion: PE652.540
- Committee opinion: PE652.598
- Committee opinion: PE659.085
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE660.285
- Committee opinion: PE652.570
- Committee draft report: PE657.163
- Committee draft report: PE657.163
- Committee opinion: PE652.570
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE660.285
- Committee opinion: PE659.085
- Committee opinion: PE652.540
- Committee opinion: PE652.598
- Committee opinion: PE660.120
- Committee opinion: PE659.067
Activities
Votes
Stratégie européenne pour les données - European strategy for data - Eine europäische Datenstrategie - A9-0027/2021 - Miapetra Kumpula-Natri - Vote unique #
2021/03/25 Outcome: +: 602, 0: 78, -: 8
PPE
The Left
NI| Amendments | Dossier |
| 929 |
2020/2217(INI)
2020/11/11
CULT
51 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication on a European strategy for data (COM(2020)0066) and endorses its objective to increase and improve the use of data in the EU and to create a single market for non-personal data in order to harness economic
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Encourages Member States to set- up specialised Master programmes, modules and short-term training courses in advanced digital technologies to develop digital skills in key professions handling data, including sensitive data;
Amendment 11 #
2 c. Highlights the value of strategic partnership agreements between universities, especially within the EU, to further promote cooperation in fields of data science;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the EU should prioritise digital literacy and competencies in its cohesion policy for 2021 and beyond, with a focus on supporting teachers and the heads of education institutions in implementing digital education throughout common curricula and on sharing best practices and know-how, without creating additional administrative or financial burdens;
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the EU should include among its prioriti
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the EU should prioritise digital literacy and competencies in its cohesion policy for 2021 and beyond, with a focus on supporting teachers and the heads of education institutions in implementing digital education throughout curricula and on sharing best practices and know-how, without creating additional administrative or financial burdens; considers that education should
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the EU should
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Is deeply concerned about insufficient AI specific higher education programmes in the EU as well as lack of AI researchers pursuing an academic career in European universities; is of the view that in order to remain competitive, the EU needs to foster and retain a large pool of digital talent with advanced digital skills;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights the urgent need to close the EU’s digital skills gap and considers that
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights the urgent need to close the EU’s digital skills gap
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication on a European strategy for data (COM(2020)0066) and endorses its objective to increase and improve the use of data in the EU and to create a single market for data in order to harness economic growth, competitiveness, innovation, job creation and societal progress; believes that the EU should turn to soft law solutions for emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI);
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights the urgent need to close the EU’s digital skills gap and considers that
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Points out that low metadata quality, policy and contractual constraints of cultural institutions still stand in the way of wider use and re-use of the digitised cultural data; stresses the necessity to develop common, unified and structured data formats, which could be suited for machine learning, be based on open standards and on mutual recognition of interoperability rules;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the fact that while the increased use of data will transform our education systems, it will nevertheless be essential to maintain a human-centred and personalised approach to students and their needs;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the fact that while the increased use of data
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the fact that while the increased use of data will transform our education systems, it will nevertheless be essential to maintain a human-centred and personalised approach to students and their needs; recalls that digitalised education should be a choice and not the only available option of access to knowledge, and that vulnerable groups are exposed to a greater risk of limitation of their possibilities of participation in traditional forms of education and culture; considers that open access to education and to scientific data and publications based on the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data principles is essential for successful innovation and science;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the fact that while the increased use of anonymised data will transform our education systems, it will nevertheless be essential to maintain a human-centred and personalised approach to students and their needs; considers that open access to education and to scientific data and publications based on the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data principles is essential for successful innovation and science;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Stresses that platforms are more and more used in schools across the EU and are becoming essential tools to prepare lessons as well as to communicate with parents; in this respect, considers that the use of children’s data should be limited to educational purposes and under no circumstances derive in commercial use; calls on the European Commission and the Member States to support and contribute to the development and the strengthening of secure, user friendly, accessible and EU-based teaching platforms;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Reminds that data protection in schools is a particularly sensitive issue due to the fact that the persons concerned are minors; reiterates that future legislation must ensure high levels of protection of individual pupils’ data; encourages the Member States to put in place information and awareness campaigns that would support parents and help them to better understand what use can be made of their children's data;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Points out that the cultural sector has a significant amount of reusable data, which combined with other sources, including open data sources, and data analytics could help cultural institutions to increase knowledge sharing, to understand better their audience and to connect to a new one, to identify gaps that could be addressed through initiatives, and to support their strategic and operational decisions;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Regrets that the potential of big data in culture is not being used sufficiently and the cultural sector is being held back by lack of infrastructure and skill gaps around intellectual property and data analysis; stresses the need to apply measures to increase digital maturity of the cultural sector and calls on the Members States to facilitate partnerships between tech companies and cultural institutions that could give the latest access to digital talents, space, data, equipment, funding and peer to peer learning opportunities;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Notes that in the context of a large-scale data collection and analysis, public trust plays a key role in the establishment of a fully functional legislative framework; notes that such a framework must guarantee a high level of privacy and accountability and remain compliant with Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Directive (EU) 2019/790, as well as with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and its Article 8 which states that ‘everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her; underlines that such data must be processed fairly for specified purposes and on the basis of the consent of the person concerned or some other legitimate basis laid down by law; underlines that everyone has the right of access to data which has been collected concerning him or her, and the right to have it rectified’;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Highlights the opportunity to increase mobility in the European Education Area through the use of digital education and data; underlines the importance of automatic mutual recognition of diplomas at all levels of education and of learning periods abroad; calls therefore on the promotion of the European Qualification Framework and the development of the European Student Card in order to include all learners;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5 c. Draws attention to potential of projects that strives to increase the cultural sector’s big data capacity by grouping together a great number of cultural institutions on shared data platform, which provides them a neutral, secure and sovereign storage and allows to develop analysis and forecasting tools to guide them in developing strategies and expanding their activities; calls on the Commission and the Member States to explore the potential of transborder virtual data warehouses for the cultural sector;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Emphasises that the implementation of the European data strategy should take account of the specific needs of v
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Emphasises that the implementation of the European data strategy should take account of the specific needs of vulnerable groups; recalls that almost 100 million persons with disabilities in the EU are facing particular challenges in accessing digital tools and quality education; calls on the Member States to make every effort to ensure that persons with disabilities and persons from disadvantaged backgrounds have full access to digital tools and infrastructure in order to harness the full potential of digitalisation and prevent a widening of gaps between different parts of society in terms of access to digital education;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Emphasises that the implementation of the European data strategy should take account of the specific needs of vulnerable groups
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Notes that digital skills should increasingly be seen not only within the context of the labour market, but also for active participation in the society and the democratic processes; stresses, therefore, that promotion of digital skills learning should be focused on all demographics, not only those in the working age;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to explore the potential merits and scope of creating a common European data space for the cultural and creative industry at large; believes that the digitalisation of cultural heritage is necessary to both promote and protect cultural heritage and could be useful and beneficial in a wide variety of ways
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to explore the potential merits and scope of creating a common European data space for the cultural and creative industry at large; believes that the digitalisation of cultural heritage cannot fully substitute physical access to tangible and intangible cultural heritage; considers nevertheless that digitalisation in the field of cultural heritage could be useful and beneficial in a wide variety of ways, by for instance facilitating physical protection and preservation or enabling three-dimensional virtual applications which could be suitable for a number of sectors, including tourism; calls for the development of a common European data space on cultural heritage,
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to explore the potential merits and scope of creating a common European data space for the cultural and creative
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to explore
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that in order to create a free and secure data flow with personal data and the protection of privacy at its core, it
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Reminds that we have a moral duty to future generations to safeguard our cultural heritage; considers that in addition to a comprehensive existing legal framework in terms of illicit export and import of cultural property, such measures as setting up of databases of stolen treasures and cultural objects can play an important role in further reinforcing cultural heritage protection;
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Calls on the EU to lead the way in the field of AI, both in the public and the private sector; highlights the opportunity given by the use of AI in education; stresses that any new legislation in the field must be observant of fundamental rights, including the right to protection of privacy and personal data, and contribute to set high ethical standards;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Emphasises that providing access for media companies to relevant data, such as audience reach and advertising data, from market dominant platforms is crucial to help prevent unfair competition and strive to level the playing field;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7 b. Points out the need to support research programmes and networks through the use of data and digital innovation; underlines the necessity to train, hire and retain talents in Europe to address and accompany digital transition; stresses that access to such jobs and curricula needs to be gender-balanced;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 c (new) 7 c. Notes that giving the importance of entrepreneurship in cultural and creative sectors, future legislation in the field of data must remain simple and include clear guidance to keep the regulatory environment free from overburden and over-regulation; recalls that micro-businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) including cultural and creative sectors will need additional support in order to comply with future standards in the field of data sharing and data protection regulation, as they bear a disproportionate legislative burden to their size;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 c (new) 7 c. Underlines the existence of a gender gap in the digital sector, both in the education and therefore in the employment fields; encourages the use of data to close such gap and develop targeted policies that promote gender equality in digital education and careers; notes that encouraging and supporting the participation of girls and women to science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) education and careers should be an important part of such policies;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 d (new) 7 d. Stresses that the use of data is increasingly important for European Cultural and Creative Sectors and Industries in order to remain relevant and sustainable on a competitive and globalised market; notes that lack of competition in Cultural and Creative Sectors and Industries could affect cultural diversity, pluralism of views and access to information, all of which are essential elements of democracy; calls on the Commission to consider ex-ante rules for dominant digital companies as well as for closed ecosystems exercising a gatekeeping activity to address these effects.
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 d (new) 7 d. Calls on the Commission to take into account cultural and creative industries in the forthcoming European SME strategy and their particular needs in the data economy, including better access to data, in order to strengthen their innovation capacities while ensuring a favourable environment for the growth of this vital sector;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 e (new) 7 e. Underlines that in order to foster data sharing, it is important to guarantee the interoperability of data and data processing systems allowing data flows among cultural operators while abiding by high standards of the protection of personal data; considers that further reinforcement of privacy standards, sharing of best practices, support for joint enforcement initiatives as well as jointly developed codes of conduct may be necessary components to enhance data sharing;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that in order to create a free and secure data flow with personal data and the protection of privacy at its core, it must be supported by data savvy and well- informed citizens across the Member States; points out that there are currently significant divergences between Member States with regard to the digital literacy of their citizens; calls on the Commission to
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 f (new) 7 f. Reminds that secure data sharing is essential to avoid potentially negative repercussions of an increased concentration of cultural data in the hands of platforms with a dominant position within the market or in a substantial part of it, and thus ensure access to genuine cultural openness and guarantee freedom of creation;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 g (new) 7 g. Reminds that investments in skills and data literacy must be accompanied by substantial financial support to equip Europe with a strong industrial base and infrastructure in terms of data processing and storage; in this regard, calls on the EU to massively invest insecure and high- quality data processing and storage technological capacities and strategic infrastructure through the long-term EU budget 2021-2027, including the EU Recovery Plan.
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Calls on the European Commission to take into consideration the use of EU funds and programmes, including the European Social Fund Plus and the Digital Europe programme, to effectively support lifelong learning and training so to advance competences in data analysis and its ethical aspects; calls for a prioritisation of inclusion and diversity, which will consequently not only help to address the problem of shortage in data experts but, from a more global perspective, will also allow to increase Europe’s technological autonomy and resilience, while putting our European values and respect of fundamental rights at its core;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Welcomes the Commission’s planned mid-term review of the Digital Education Action Plan; remains convinced that the Plan needs a clearer governance and coordination structure, involving the European Parliament, to monitor developments and performance on an ongoing basis; urges the Commission to better integrate digital education into the European Semester exercise;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Highlights that the digital sector needs to put sustainability at its heart; reminds in that regard that both the green and digital transformation must go hand in hand and that investment in research and development of technologies is needed in order to reduce the carbon footprint;
source: 653.891
2020/11/12
TRAN
493 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Citation 4 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 15 January 2020 on the European Green Deal4a _________________ 4a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2020)0005.
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 a (new) - having regard to the findings of the Digital Economy and Society Index 2020, published on the 11th of June 2020
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport sector, while ensuring sufficient interoperability with other sectors; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses should be created and promoted and fair competition between market players ensured;
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas digitalisation has transformed the economy, society and citizens’ daily lives, and whereas data, which is duplicated every 18 months, is at the heart of this transformation; whereas these processes will only accelerate in the future;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise sustainable, intelligent and affordable solutions for
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Believes that achieving the goals of the Data Strategy shall not create market distortions within the Union; underlines that future legislation must be designed to facilitate technological development, innovation, data access, interoperability and data portability;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise intelligent and affordable solutions for c
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Highlights the need to prevent gender and cultural biases being inadvertently included in algorithms, AI systems and applications and calls for diverse teams of developers and engineers working alongside key societal actors;
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise intelligent and affordable solutions for consumers and public authorities in the field of urban mobility such as integrated ticketing system, while bringing about more accessible, affordable, safe and efficient public transport, in line with the goals of European Green Deal and ensuring the maximum standards of safety requirements are met;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Emphasises the importance of the concept of individual responsibility in connection with the transmission of data, whether personal or public;
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise intelligent and affordable solutions for consumers and public authorities in the field of urban mobility
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Underlines the importance of achieving a high level of overall digital literacy, including training on how to collect, handle, share and analyse data in compliance with GDPR and other relevant requirements; supports the promotion of educational curricula providing universal basic knowledge in statistics and econometrics as well as promoting public-awareness activities concerning the societal, legal, and ethical impact of data-driven societies, including AI;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise intelligent and affordable solutions for consumers and public authorities in the field of urban mobility, while bringing
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Is of the opinion that some technologies need particular attentions and legal safeguards while some others, even with clear check and balances, have a detrimental effect on society, especially in the hand of an authoritarian regime; invites to always reflect upon ethical framework of AI before developing any technology;
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Stresses the need to devise intelligent and affordable solutions for consumers and public authorities in the field of urban and interurban mobility, while bringing about more accessible and efficient public transport;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society may benefit
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Stresses the need to regulate the exchange of data between public actors (G2G) in cross-border transactions, particularly in areas such as information on the history of second-hand vehicles; notes that the lack of uniform, cross- border circulation of vehicle information has a negative impact on road safety and consumer protection against fraud;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society benefits all, empowers workers
Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Notes that the dynamic development of innovative digital services and business models in the transport and tourism sectors will not be possible without free-of-charge and unrestricted access to public data falling within the scope of spatial information infrastructure3a, such as geodetic and cartographic data, terrain models, orthophoto maps, data on the geometry of buildings and topographic objects used in mapping; stresses that the release of such a large amount of spatial data will have a very positive impact on the use of this data by European entrepreneurs operating in the new technology sector; calls on the Commission to create a system of incentives for Member States to support the process of opening geodetic data resources and making them available free of charge; _________________ 3a OJ OJ L 108, 25.4.2007, p. 1.
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society benefits all, empowers workers instead of lowering their working conditions, secures the role and needs of SMEs vis à vis large multinationals, firmly supports local communities and does not lead to inequality or digital gaps;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses, while ensuring that jobs are protected; considers that the emergence of new technologies and further digitalisation as well as the transition towards decarbonisation would entail an impact in the growth, competitiveness and prosperity of the sector; believes, therefore, that regular training and the reskilling of the existing workforce in the sector is of the utmost importance, with a specific focus on digital skills and innovative technologies;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society benefits all, which rules out any possibility of mass surveillance, empowers workers instead of lowering their working conditions, and does not lead to restrictions on freedoms, inequality or digital gaps;
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight and passenger transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses and users, while ensuring that jobs are protected, by regular trainings and reskilling of the existing workforce; highlights the importance of digital skills and innovative technologies for enhancing the efficiency and the user- friendliness of the European transport sector;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society benefits all, empowers workers, start-ups and SMEs, creates quality employment, facilitates economic growth and innovation, instead of lowering
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport and tourism sector; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses should be created and promoted and fair competition between market players ensured;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas digitalisation
Amendment 110 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a well-built data society benefits all, empowers workers instead of
Amendment 111 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights th
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Notes that a
Amendment 112 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses and public authorities, while ensuring that
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of growth and innovation that should be tapped; believes that this growth can be enhanced via a level playing field and strong multi-player fair market economy; notes that data is becoming increasingly valued by the market and its observers; recalls, for example, that the McKinsey Global Institute, in a report on Big Data, estimated the value that can be created by Big Data at EUR 250 billion in public administrations in Europe; recalls also that, according to the Boston Consulting Group, personal data collected from European consumers would have been worth EUR 315 billion in 2011 and could in future create value worth 8% of European GDP from 2020 onwards;
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses, while ensuring that jobs are protected through upskilling;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, sharing, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of growth and innovation that should be tapped; believes that this growth can be enhanced via a level playing field and strong multi-player fair
Amendment 114 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses and their customers, while ensuring that jobs are protected;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of growth and innovation that should be tapped; believes that this growth can be enhanced via a level playing field and strong multi-player fair market economy, which fully respects the technological-neutrality principle;
Amendment 115 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Highlights that the digitisation of documents in freight transport should aim to reduce costs and administrative burdens for businesses,
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of
Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Calls on the Commission to devote particular attention to the situation of start-ups and SMEs, and to design future legislation in such a way as to improve conditions for these undertakings;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of
Amendment 117 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7 b. Underlines the need to avoid introducing requirements that hinder start-ups and SMEs in the digital sector, with the aim of preserving a diversity of actors, ensuring satisfactory competition and preventing the emergence of monopolies;
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that the increasing volume, development, storage and processing of industrial and public data in the Union is a source of sustainable growth and innovation that should be tapped; believes that this growth can be enhanced via a level playing field and strong multi-player fair market economy;
Amendment 118 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Points out that existing directives, such as the ITS Directive, should not be weakened by an overarching set of rules
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Stresses that in line with the GDPR principle of purpose limitation the sharing of data shall be limited to non- personal, e.g. commercial or industrial data, or securely and effectively anonymised personal data, including in mixed data sets;
Amendment 119 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Points out that existing directives, such as the ITS Directive, should not be weakened by an overarching set of rules
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Highlights the role of European start-ups, SMEs in creation of economic growth and jobs, as well as the current market imbalances in access to data;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) A a. whereas SMEs operating in the transport and tourism sectors do not fully benefit from the data they generate; whereas many small and medium-sized enterprises are unaware of the value of their data, lack the tools to process them and are not sufficiently prepared to operate in the digital economy;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the volume of data stored worldwide will increase from 33 ZB in 2018 to 175 ZB in 2025, and whereas the internet of things and China will account for a significant proportion of this sharp rise;
Amendment 120 #
8 a. Stresses that traditional employment in today’s transport sector will greatly diminish or evolve into new roles with new skills required; highlights the need for programs meant to upskill and reskill workers in the transport sector, creating a data literate workforce;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support and contribute as much as possible to sustainability, the Green Deal and Union’s climate targets; urges to take appropriate measures to reduce the ICT sector's environmental footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, accompanied by detailed impact assessments, including by preventing planned obsolescence and by improving the energy efficiency of data centres; stresses that the Union's data strategy must also be in line with the objectives of the SME and Industrial Strategy to make sure that our industries are at the forefront of the digital transformation and are able to compete fully at global level;
Amendment 121 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Welcomes the European Data Strategy’s proposal for compatible APIs and data formats, as format interoperability also ensures fair competition and level playing field;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support sustainability, the Green Deal and Union’s climate targets; notes that the ability to process and better use data has significant potential for reducing emission of greenhouse gases throughout all sectors; however, points out that exponential data growth and data processing needs to be developed in a way that it does not substantially increase ICT’s carbon footprint;
Amendment 122 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Points out that data can be an efficient element in the fight against gender bias and encourages the use of unbiased data sets to improve security in transportation for women;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support sustainability, the Green Deal and Union’s climate targets, including climate neutrality by 2050; recalls the goal of 60 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030;
Amendment 123 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 b (new) 8 b. Urges the Commission to devise policies in cooperation with Member States to promote STEM education with the goal of developing talent in the field; underlines the need to retain such talent, creating career paths, among others, in software engineering and data science, with a specific focus on gender equality in the sector, while financing research that leads to the creation of European know- how, necessary to develop next generation technologies;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support economic growth, innovation sustainability, the Green Deal and Union’s climate targets, as well as the resilient recovery of the European economy;
Amendment 124 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 b (new) 8 b. Stresses the need for an EU legislative proposal, which would provide for a governance framework for access to data, for public authorities and businesses, accessible also to technology developers; believes that allowing businesses and the public to reuse data could help address major societal challenges and boost economic development in Europe;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must
Amendment 125 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 c (new) 8 c. Underlines the enormous benefits of data for the tourism sector, which will greatly facilitate national, regional and local governments in devising policies for safeguarding the social, economic and environmental sustainability of tourism; notes the benefits of data sets use with regards the circular economy, crowd management, customer experience and linguistic services programs for tourism;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must
Amendment 126 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 d (new) 8 d. Calls for the creation of a European Data Space for Tourism with the objective of helping all actors in the sector, especially SMEs, benefit from vast amounts of data to implement policy and projects at the regional and local level, facilitating recovery and boosting digitalisation;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy must support sustainability, the Green Deal
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Stresses that the Union’s data strategy
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Urges the Commission to perform in advance an in-depth evaluation and mapping of the existing legislation covering data sharing aspects; assess if adjustments or additional requirements are needed to support the European data economy and safeguard fair competition for all affected actors, while avoiding legal overlaps with existing and new legislation on the EU Data Strategy;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) A a. whereas a European data strategy should contribute to the alignment of the European transport sector with the European Green Deal and the realisation of the European climate targets; whereas it should facilitate the transition to a sustainable, zero emission and seamless multimodal single European transport area;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas digitalisation is not only an economic opportunity but also enhances security, geopolitical resilience and strategic relevance of the Union;
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to accompany all efforts within the data strategy with complementary communication efforts in order to create awareness for the advantages of e.g. data pooling for the economy; those communication efforts should be especially targeted at SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Stresses that, in light of the growing carbon footprint of the collection, storage and sharing of data, the energy and resource efficiency of data infrastructure must be dramatically improved to achieve climate neutrality of the digital sector as soon as possible;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Supports the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 2020-2024 Strategy based on three pillars : foresight, action and solidarity 1a ; _________________ 1ahttps://edps.europa.eu/edps-strategy- 2020-2024/
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Calls on the Commission to clarify further the notion of "public good" and "public interest" purposes for utilisation of data;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Notes that European companies operating in some third countries are increasingly faced with unjustified barriers and digital restrictions; welcomes the Commission’s commitment to address, in bilateral discussions and international fora, including the WTO, and in EU Trade Policy, unjustified obstacles to international data flows;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces, covering transparency, interoperability, sharing, access and portability of data, to enhance the flow and reuse of industrial and public data;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces, covering interoperability, sharing, access and portability of data, to enhance the flow and reuse of industrial and public data; stresses that data portability principle should take into account differences in IT providers' infrastructures and practices, enabling users to port their data, noting that infrastructure and practises might change from one provider to another;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces, covering interoperability, sharing, access and portability of data, to enhance the flow and reuse of industrial and public data; urges the governance framework to promote the “data for the public good” principle while always protecting the rights of EU citizens;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Supports the creation of a data governance framework for common European data spaces, covering interoperability, sharing, access and portability of data, to enhance the flow and reuse of industrial and
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas the implementation of a European data strategy should aim to achieve interoperability, security of data usage, multimodality of transport and the further development of digitisation, particularly electronic documents, in order to reduce administrative burdens and costs
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas artificial intelligence is one of the strategic technologies for the 21st century both globally and in Europe1a; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/doc ument/TA-8-2019-0081_FR.html
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Stresses that the deployment of European data spaces should prioritise crucial economic sectors, the public sector and other areas of public interest and calls on the Commission to assess the addition of further data spaces in the future; considers that European data spaces should serve as an example for transparency and proper balance between all interests at stake;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Stresses that an ambitious regulatory framework can stimulate innovation in the AI sector by giving clear limits and standards, in particular for SMEs; further underlines that there is no such thing as overregulation when it comes to defending fundamental rights;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Stresses the need to further clarify the GDPR to provide companies with legal certanty and allow them to fully develop the potential of data economy; encourages Member States to coordinate and further harmonise their national data strategies;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Stresses the importance of implementing an EU-level master data management strategy to ensure the uniformity, accuracy, stewardship, semantic consistency and accountability of data shared by Member States;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 b (new) 7 b. Underlines the specificity of the health sector; agrees with the Commission that citizens should have secure access to a comprehensive electronic record of data concerning their health and that they should retain control over personal data concerning their health and be able to share them securely with authorised third parties, while unauthorised access should be prohibited, in compliance with data protection legislation; furthermore affirms that data should be stored on secure local servers and processed by independent bodies;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 c (new) 7 c. Stresses that insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use data from e-health applications for the purpose of discriminating in the setting of prices, as this would run counter to the fundamental right of access to health1a; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/doc ument/TA-9-2019-0105_FR.html
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 d (new) 7 d. Recalls, in line with GDPR, the recommendations issued by many national data protection authorities to reserve hosting and data management services in the health sector to entities under the exclusive jurisdiction of the European Union;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 e (new) 7 e. Recalls the position of the EDPS following its own-initiative investigation into EU institutions’ use of Microsoft products and services, notably pointing out that the discretion that Microsoft had, amounted to a broad right for Microsoft to act as a controller; supports the idea that given the EU institutions’ role as public service institutions, the EU institutions should act to retain controllership;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the data governance model be built on a decentralised data operating environment; believes that the EU should develop its own adequate capacity for cloud services and facilitate the emergence of a decentralised, interoperable ecosystem of data governance that enables efficient use of local infrastructures such as edge computing; supports the further uptake of decentralised digital technologies such as blockchain which enables individuals and organisations to manage data flows based on self-determination;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas the implementation of a European data strategy should aim to achieve
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) A b. whereas Midea, a Chinese household appliance company, finalised the acquisition in January 2017 of the European company KUKA AG, one of the world's leading suppliers of robotics, installation technology and intelligent systems engineering; whereas this takeover should have served as a wake-up call for the protection of the European AI sector, in particular for SMEs and start- ups;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the data governance model must be built on a decentralised data operating environment accessible to all market participants, both commercial and non-commercial, including start-ups and SMEs, enabling an ecosystem where data can be accessed and used in a trusted, safe and secure environment; insists that cybersecurity standards shall be coordinated with EU ENISA and the EU Cybersecurity Competence Centre;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the data governance model be built on a decentralised data operating environment, taking advantages of an open data policy and collaboration opportunities in regional clusters of SMEs, research institutions, public administrations and civil society;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the data governance model be built on a decentralised data operating environment; further recommends to use as much as possible open source software in all public administrations of the EU;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the data governance
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Believes that data management services and data architectures designed to store, use, re-use and curate data are critical components of the value chain of the European digital economy; stresses that costs related to access and storage of data determine the speed, depth and scale of the adoption of digital infrastructures and products, especially for SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for the creation of a
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for the creation of a Commission-led body, composed of the representatives of the Member States' authorities and relevant EU agencies and other bodies such as EDPB, BEREC, ENISA, that would set common Union- wide guidelines on a simple data governance; calls for citizens, civil society and businesses to be adequately represented in the governance of data spaces;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas the implementation of a European data strategy should aim to improve European digital competitiveness, achieve interoperability, security of data usage, multimodality of transport and the further development of digitisation, particularly electronic documents, in order to reduce administrative burdens and costs for companies and consumers, while also creating quality employment;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) A c. whereas EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager has alerted member countries to the risks of Chinese takeovers during the coronavirus crisis; whereas the European Commission has pointed out that in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, there could be an increased risk of attempts to acquire healthcare capacity (e.g. for the production of medical or protective equipment) or related activities such as research institutes (e.g. for the development of vaccines) through foreign direct investment 1a; _________________ 1a https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/ rep/3/2020/FR/C-2020-1981-F1-FR- MAIN-PART-1.PDF
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for the creation of a Commission-led body that would set common Union-wide
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Urges the Commission to build interoperable sectoral data spaces that follow common guidelines to avoid creating silos and preventing cross-sectoral innovations; stresses that the management of sectorial data spaces should complement or be in line with requirements and procedures foreseen in sectorial existing legislation in order to guarantee legal certainty;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Urges the Commission and Member States to build interoperable sectoral data spaces that follow common guidelines and data sharing protocols, in order to avoid creating silos
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Urges the Commission to build interoperable sectoral data spaces that follow common guidelines and legal requirements to avoid creating silos and preventing cross-sectoral innovations;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Urges the Commission to build interoperable sectoral data spaces that follow common
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Stresses that data spaces should be based on collaborative, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and should be open to all actors; calls on the Commission to strengthen its action in favour of an open explicable and inclusive data management, from access to reuse, where the reproduction of bias is effectively prevented;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust, create common standards and build well-formed application programming interfaces (APIs), and to consider using pre-agreed sandboxes to test innovations and new business models as well as new data management and processing tools; considers it crucial to avoid any risk of unauthorised access to data spaces by third parties and to create tools to counter possible misconducts;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas the implementation of a European data strategy should aim to achieve interoperability, security of data usage, multimodality of transport and the further development of digitisation, particularly electronic documents, in order to reduce unnecessary administrative burdens and costs for companies and c
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A d (new) A d. whereas only public authorities have the means to undertake a large-scale social transition to a data economy; whereas the current digital giants, GAFAMs, have all benefited from the support of the American administration and the Chinese state, respectively through massive tax exemptions and subsidies; whereas European values can enable the European public authorities to plan this transition in a fair, redistributive way for companies and territories;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust, create common standards
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust, create common standards and build well-formed application programming interfaces (APIs),
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust,
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Encourages the Commission to use data spaces to enhance trust, create common standards and regulations and build well-formed application programming interfaces (APIs), and to consider using pre-agreed sandboxes to test innovations;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Believes that the creation of well- formed APIs would provide the best access to data and interoperability within the data spaces, and would also enable automatised and real-time interoperability between different services; thus calls on the Commission to promote well-formed APIs as a future-oriented technological solution, also for improving individuals’ data portability right in GDPR art 20;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Expresses the need to foster a partnership culture between private and public sectors in data sharing, also by providing incentives, in order to achieve the full potential of data partnerships;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Encourages the Commission to implement the „API first” principle for all public sector IT systems of Member States, that will increase the interoperability of such systems;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes th
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes the need to help private and public sector actors, especially SMEs and Start-ups, to identify the data they possess and catalogue and increase the findability of data to fuel data spaces, as well as to facilitate data cleansing routines; calls on the Commission to fund initiatives to
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Stresses the importance of having datasets based on generally accepted taxonomies at EU level in order to facilitate the accessibility, reliability and ultimately the usability of data;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A e (new) A e. whereas there are a number of ongoing investigations in the Member States into the abuse of the dominant position of GAFAM; whereas there is concern about the data collected by Google via its applications;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls the key role that will be played by "data intermediaries" as structural enabler to pool data and organise data flows; Welcomes the Commission’s plans for intermedia
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the Commission’s plans for intermediator labelling/certification for creation of interoperable data ecosystems and markets; calls on the Commission to ensure interoperability by developing minimum interoperability criteria between data intermediators, which states the overall direction of interoperable network of data sharing services;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the Commission’s plans for intermediator labelling/certification for creation of interoperable data ecosystems and markets; urges the Commission to work together with European and international standard setting organisations to identify and close gaps in data standardisation;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the Commission’s plans for intermediator labelling/certification for creation of interoperable data ecosystems
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; considers that mixed data sets, combining personal and non-personal data, should be subject to the rules of the GDPR; urges the Commission to define guidance on and practices in the utilisation of mixed data sets in industrial environments while guaranteeing privacy rules for personal data; calls on the Commission to
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and non- personal data, such as industrial data, are not always separable or difficult and costly to separate with the result that a high amount of data remains currently unused; urges the Commission to define guidance on
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; urges the Commission to
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; urges the Commission to define guidance on and practices in the utilisation of mixed data sets in industrial environments while guaranteeing privacy rules for personal data; calls on the Commission to consider creating a horizontal and cross-cutting personal data space alongside other data spaces to address the challenge of mixed data sets and empower citizens via, for example, trustworthy intermediators such as MyData operators, which store data with the consent of the owners;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; urges the Commission to define
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; urges the
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data sharing in the transport sector is aimed at improving traffic management and thus the efficiency of both passenger and freight transport, with an aim at decreasing emissions as established in the upcoming Regulation on climate neutrality (European Climate Law) and the whole European Green Deal legislative package; whereas it is of the utmost importance to focus on sensitive issues such as data protection, consumer rights, user privacy, and the security of sensitive data;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas data is an essential resource for
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Recalls that personal and industrial data are not always separable; urges the Commission to define guidance on and practices in the utilisation of mixed data sets in industrial environments while guaranteeing privacy rules for personal data; calls on the Commission to consider creating a legislative framework and a clear definition for horizontal and cross- cutting personal data spaces alongside other data spaces to address the challenge of mixed data sets and empower citizens via, for example, trustworthy intermediators such as MyData operators, which
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Recalls the importance of establishing a clear definition and clear rules on "data altruism", including the possible purposes such as for the public good; stresses that data donation should be conditional on informed consent and should always be revocable;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Emphasises the importance of genuinely European data governance, and, in that connection, calls for the introduction of supervisory mechanisms which enable the EU and the Member States, at their respective levels, to decide what kinds of data are to be exchanged;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Insists that consumers should always be able to decide who has access to their personal data and under what conditions, even for non-commercial use of the data for public interest purposes;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 4 a (new) Considers that the incorporation of user data into the production chains of the digital economy contributes to blurring the boundary between production and consumption; stresses that, through this activity and the data it generates, the user of an application not only helps to minimise the price he has to pay but also contributes to the production of value for other users or customers on another side of the business model;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 4 b (new) Considers that in the digital economy application users are also, through their bottom-up contributions, auxiliaries to production and distribution; stresses that this abundance and availability, as well as the lack of remuneration for what could be considered "free work", contributes to the low marginal cost of operation and explains the exponential returns to scale inherent in the digital economy; points out, moreover, that this form of "free work" by users has enabled many digital companies to do without employees, for example in the areas of content creation or customer support;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 4 c (new) Recalls that data resulting from the "free collaboration" of users through their activities are the raw material on which the digital economy feeds; stresses that data, and in particular personal data, are indeed at the heart of all business models in the digital economy; recalls that in the digital economy it is by default that user activity leaves traces and that this activity can be captured in the form of data, be it observed data, user-submitted data or inferred data;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Urges the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable an increasing B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G flow of data in all sectors; stresses that often public-sector data is not in machine- readable formats; encourages the Commission to coordinate with the Member States the facilitation of sharing non-sensitive public sector-generated data sets for free, whenever possible, and in machine-readable formats, and give guidance on a common model for sharing of sensitive and non-sensitive data in accordance with the GDPR requirements;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Urges the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable an increasing B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G flow of data in all sectors; supports the creation of a concept of data of general interest in the upcoming framework, in particular for private data whose opening is justified for public research purposes (energy production and consumption, biodiversity data, climate data, etc.), in accordance with the work of the Internet Governance Forum;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Urges the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable an increasing and fair B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G flow of data in all sectors, inter alia clarifying rights of utilisation, notably in B2B, B2G market settings and enhancing the portability right of individuals under art 20 GDPR, avoiding lock-in effects;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Citation 4 b (new) - having regard to the position of the European Parliament adopted on 8 October 2020 on the European Climate Law5a _________________ 5a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2020)0253.
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 a (new) - having regard to the Member States Joint Declaration on Cloud of 15 October 2020;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data sharing in the transport sector is aimed at improving traffic management and thus the efficiency
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas data
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Urges the Commission to present a data act to encourage and enable an increasing B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G flow of data in all sectors for exploiting the full potential of unused industrial data ensuring cybersecurity; when personal data is tapped consumer protection and safeguarding personal data must be ensured;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Underlines that competitive access to data is of outmost importance for the development of Artificial Intelligence; stresses that businesses and researchers should be given greater freedom to use data, with less regulatory interference, especially when the AI application for which the data is used does not entail high risks;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Calls for the creation of EU guidance mechanisms for business, such as support centres for data sharing, in order to address any potential concern on data security, privacy and liability, thus facilitating the exchange of data;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15 b. Calls on the Commission to analyse the concept of data trusts as a tool in the context of B2C with the aim of empowering citizens through the choice on how to use their data;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission and Member States to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes, through inter alia incentivising companies via fair compensation, best practices, tax incentives, public recognition programmes; encourages the Commission to work on collaborative approaches for sharing data and standardized data agreements, to enhance predictability and trustworthiness; stresses the importance of setting clear rules for fair competition and no free-riding in the future Data Act, intellectual property rights protection, clear rules on ownership regarding rights and obligations; compulsory data sharing schemes shall be proactive, on a case by case basis and limited in time and scope, and based on clear rules to avoid unfair competition;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes; urges the Commission to enact measures that would incentivise businesses to share their data, possibly through a reward system (win-win), with the objective of pooling vast sets of data, for it be equally accessed by EU businesses, in particular the less data rich, facilitating innovation; stresses the need for contracts to set clear obligations and liability for data aggregators when it comes to accessing, storing, sharing and processing data in order to limit the misuse of such data;
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission to
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16.
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes and to further explore the concepts of data donation and data altruism, defining clear, easy and secure schemes that would allow willing citizens to give access to their data for the common good;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data sharing in the transport sector is aimed at improving traffic management and thus the efficiency of both passenger and freight transport; whereas it is of the utmost importance to focus on
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas data is an essential resource for economic growth, job creation and societal progress and is a key enabler of the transition to green and climate- neutral societies as well as in boosting Europe's global competitiveness;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes for data sharing, implementation of best- practices, as well as more standardised contractual agreements and security measures;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes and to create an exception for compulsory data sharing for those data of general interest;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Stresses that access to data does not preclude privacy; calls on the Commission to promote the use of privacy enhancing or privacy-preserving technologies, such as differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, federated machine learning, pseudonomysation and generalisation;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Notes that there are specific circumstances, such as systematic imbalances in B2B data value chains or specific circumstances of overriding public interest, where access to data should be compulsory e.g. via well-formed APIs; highlights that such imbalances are present in different sectors, such as e- commerce services, transport and tourism, where a small number of digital platforms, often from third countries, accumulate large amounts of sensitive data, while achieving an essential comparative advantage over EU businesses;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Notes that there are specific circumstances, such as systematic imbalances in B2B data value chains, including in contractual agreements, where access to data should be compulsory e.g. via
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Notes that there are specific circumstances, such as systematic imbalances in B2B data value chains, where access to data should be compulsory e.g. via well-formed APIs; encourages therefore the Commission to support European SMEs in the face of GAFAM;
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Notes that concentration of information restricts competition and increases entry barriers to the market; notes that B2B contractual agreements do not guarantee adequate access to data for SMEs, for reasons of asymmetries in negotiation power or expertise;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Considers it important to guarantee that technical support is provided to companies, especially micro, SMEs and start-ups, both at national and European level to enhance the use and sharing of data;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data sharing in the transport sector is aimed at improving traffic management and thus the efficiency of both passenger and freight transport; whereas it is of the utmost importance to
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas data is an essential resource for sustainable economic growth, quality job creation and societal progress and is a key enabler of the transition to green and climate-
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the Commission to examine a
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the Commission to examine actors’ rights to access data they have been involved in generating and clarify rights of those actors to participate in the economic value created by applications trained using data they have been involved in generating;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the Commission to examine actors’ rights to access data they have been involved in generating and improve their awareness;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the Commission
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the Commission to examine actors’ rights and obligations to access data they have been involved in generating;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18 a. Insists that workers should have a right to an explanation of the decisions taken by algorithms in order to reduce the uncertainty and opacity which are detrimental to the long-term well-being of workers; calls on the Commission and the Member States to legislate to this end; urges the Commission to propose a legislative initiative concerning platform workers in order to provide them with the legal protection necessary for their physical and mental well-being;
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18 b. Insists that industrial and collaborative robots must respect the health, safety and physical or ergonomic needs of workers; stresses that this implies, inter alia, the integration of data protection requirements into machines and work processes from the design stage and the protection of data by default;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Calls on
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to lead by example and provide real-time services and a policy based on real-time data provided exclusively by European providers in order to be coherent with its defense of digital sovereignty;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Recital C C. whereas data sharing in the transport sector is aimed at improving traffic management and thus the efficiency of both passenger and freight transport; whereas it is of the utmost importance to focus on sensitive issues such as data protection, privacy, consumer rights and the security of sensitive and personal data;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas data is an essential resource for economic growth, job creation and societal progress and is a key enabler of the
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for more and better secondary uses of anonymised personal data and use of the developed privacy-enhancing technologies, especially in G2B/G2G exchanges, to boost innovation, research and services;
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for more and better secondary uses of anonymised personal data, especially in G2B/G2G exchanges, to boost innovation
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for more and better secondary uses of anonymised personal data, especially in
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Calls on the Commission to assess which datasets are essential for the ecological transition, inter alia in the energy sector to ensure the transition to renewable energies, the transportation sector and the carbon footprint of public and private entities; calls on the Commission to consider extending the scope of the high value datasets defined in Directive (EU) 2019/1024 on Open Data to private actors;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 b (new) 20 b. Calls for the Commission to analyse the benefits and drawbacks of making the de-anonymisation of personal data a punishable offence;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses the role of the public sector in fostering an innovative and competitive data economy; stresses in this context the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-in
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-ins for publicly collected data; calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements; strongly recommends the creation of a European Buy Act compelling public procurement to a minimum threshold of European digital materials, devices or services;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-ins for publicly collected data or for data of general public interest collected by private entities; supports the use of open standards, open source platforms and open, well-formed APIs; calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-ins for publicly collected data; calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements based on technical standards;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Highlights the need to protect and promote access for SMEs and in particular start-ups to public procurement processes in the context of the digitalisation of public administrations to foster the creation of a dynamic and competitive European digital sector; in this context calls for allocating at least 10% of digital Union public procurement contracts to SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Recital C a (new) C a. whereas the Union has already been taking steps in regulating how data should be used and stored in transport, with, inter alia, Regulation (EU) 2020/1056 on electronic freight transport information, Directive (EU) 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management, Regulation (EU) 2019/1239 establishing a European Maritime Single Window environment, or Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2015/757 in order to take appropriate account of the global data collection system for ship fuel oil consumption data;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Calls for improved coordination among Member States to facilitate the cross border flow of data across sectors, through government and stakeholder dialogue, with the objective of establishing a common way of collecting data based on the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Stresses that algorithms and machines that have the capacity to learn and evolve should be designed transparently and respectfully from the outset, paying particular attention to their implications for the physical and mental well-being of workers and consumers;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Calls on the Commission to further define in B2G data sharing under which circumstances and conditions the private sector should be obliged to share data with the public sector due to the nature of the data as a common good;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22.
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Reminds the Commission and the Member States to
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Reminds the Commission and the Member States to respect Open Data Directive objectives when negotiating the implementing act on high-value data sets; calls for these data sets to include inter alia a list of company and business registers, as well as all data sets that are relevant to ensuring the transition to climate neutrality by at least 2050;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Reminds the Commission and the
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Calls for fair and transparent contractual conditions to be respected for all market players. Users and consumers should also have the right to always know the location of their data. In the event that an EU operator uses cloud services located in non-EU countries, it is important to ensure the application of as high level of legal protection as in EU in the event of disputes, including those relating to intellectual property;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Calls on the Commission to establish an open and interoperable ESG (Environmental, Social & Governance) data register on corporate sustainability and responsibility performance that would improve the comparability and transparency of companies’ sustainability and responsibility actions, and contribute to efficient implementation of the Green Deal goals; calls on the Commission to identify ESG data as high-value data;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Recital C a (new) C a. whereas a European data strategy should enhance safety, sustainability and efficiency of the European transport; whereas data should be made available in accordance with the principle ‘as open as possible, as closed as necessary’; whereas data collection, sharing and usage must respect EU fundamental rights and guarantee personal data protection, especially with regard to purpose limitation and excluding its use in sectors like advertisement, sensitive data protection and the highest standards of cybersecurity;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas incentivising the use of data and increasing data access and availability, together with more legal certainty, will represent a competitive advantage for micro, SMEs and start-ups in order to reap the benefits of the digital transition;
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Emphasises that common standards play a key role in further promoting the data economy, in sharing and exchanging data, including data interoperability and portability; therefore encourages the Commission to facilitate - in close cooperation with Member States and relevant stakeholders - the definition of common standards for data to maximise the economic and academic benefit from and accessibility of shared data spaces;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Encourages the Commission to extend the scope of the Open Data Directive to additional public data sets and to implement a principle of implicit digital transparency of public sector data, that will encourage Member States to implicitly publish existent digital raw data in real-time;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Calls on the Commission to introduce a temporary ban on foreign takeovers of European AI and robotics companies that are currently undervalued or have commercial problems due to the coronavirus crisis;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Encourages the Commission to examine the potential of open standards in order to achieve interoperability within and across the data spaces;
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) 22 b. Supports the Commission in establishing a list of assets and companies in "critical" areas, such as health, medical research, biotechnology, digital technology, artificial intelligence, robotics and infrastructure essential to our security and public order; calls for a threshold to be set in order to prevent the majority acquisition by foreign companies of companies in critical areas;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) 22 b. Underlines the importance of defining a framework of rules capable of reconciling a broad and harmonised intellectual property protection with the sharing of data (original, derived and co- generated);
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) 22 b. Calls on the Commission to examine opportunities for data curation at scale;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 c (new) 22 c. Calls for the establishment of a duty to explain the decisions taken by AI;
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s technological sovereignty, to work on technologies that are made within the EU, facilitate data sharing and analytics, and to invest in capacity building and high- impact projects to promote research, innovation and deployment of digital technologies; recommends the creation of a European Buy Act compelling public procurement to a minimum threshold of European materials or devices;
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s technological sovereignty, to work on technologies that facilitate data sharing and analytics, and to invest in capacity building and high-impact projects to promote research, innovation, skills development and deployment of digital technologies while improving interconnection levels, digital connectivity and access, including in rural areas;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas a European data area in the transport sector will only be successful if the EU manages to invest sufficiently in technologies and infrastructure facilities, which in turn will strengthen Europe’s technological independence in the data economy;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas the digital sector is currently responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions; whereas the greenhouse effect and the strong increase in use suggests that this carbon footprint will double by 2025;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s technological sovereignty, to work on technologies
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s technological sovereignty, to promote research and innovation work on technologies that facilitate data sharing and analytics, and to invest in capacity building and high-impact projects
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Commission and the Member States, in order to strengthen the Union’s open technological sovereignty, to work on technologies that facilitate data sharing and analytics, and to invest in capacity building and high-impact projects to promote research, innovation and deployment of digital technologies;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Draws attention to the high energy cost of storing data in data centres; proposes, in the context of the ethical assessment of data management and the development of AI, and in parallel with the initiatives taken by GAFAM, that the EU consider setting up European 'green data centres' which would guarantee its independence as regards data collection and management and, at the same time, ensure that data storage is ethical and sustainable;
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Recalls that for citizens and businesses to fully benefit from the data revolution without being left behind, there is an urgent need to develop and reinforce the digital infrastructure in the EU and especially in most peripheral areas where the population suffers from a digital gap and often lacks access to the most basic digital equipment and infrastructures, such as broadband connections;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT, fibre,
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, algorithmic transparency, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT,
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Recital C b (new) C b. whereas tourism is currently an economic sector heavily reliant on data, its sharing and its use by digital platforms providing for tourism related products and services;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas the EU requires the availability of flexible, scalable, reliable IT architecture, capable of supporting the most innovative applications;
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT, fibre, 5G, 6G, quantum, edge computing, block chain and high-performance computing; recalls that increased connectivity exposes to increased cyber threats and crime and in this context supports the joint and coordinated approach on the EU toolbox on 5G cybersecurity and the secure 5G deployment in the EU;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT, fibre, 5G, 6G, quantum, edge computing, block chain and high-performance computing; underscores the importance of the Digital Europe Programme and the Horizon Europe programme, including the earmarking for quantum computing;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recalls that the success of the Union’s data and AI strategies depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital gap, developing the IoT, fibre,
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Stresses that storage and transport of data further increases the use of energy if no action is taken; calls on the Commission to take measures to ensure transparency of the CO2 emissions of data storage and sharing, minimal wastage and to promote green data storage techniques; notes that new technological solutions, such as fibre compared to copper and energy efficient programming, produces a much smaller carbon footprint; supports the Commission in looking into the synergy between the district heating and cooling and the data centre sectors with the recovery and use of the waste heat generated when cooling data centre facilities;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Acknowledges the current success of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, an initiative of the EU engaging both Member States and private partners; welcomes the recently published Commission proposal on its continuation to maintain and advance Europe’s leading role in supercomputing and quantum computing;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Welcomes the Commission infrastructure of High-Performance Computing; believes that it is an important instrument to exchange information and data between scientists and researcher and more broadly private and public actors;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Considers that the roll out of 5G, 6G and every future technology with the potential of affecting human health or the environment should be dealt with on the basis of the precautionary principle;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note of the Commission’s proposal to create a European data area; stresses that such an area should yield benefits and advantages to European companies and consumers, while preventing third countries from accessing sensitive data;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) B b. whereas an average data centre already consumes the energy equivalent of a city of 10,000 inhabitants and greenhouse gas emissions due to digital technology are currently increasing by around 8% per year; whereas in its November study, the European Commission expects a 28% increase in data centre consumption from 2018 to 2030; whereas their share in European electricity consumption would also increase, from 2.7% in 2018 to 3.2% in ten years' time; whereas edge computing, an alternative to the Cloud, is also expected to explode, from 2% of energy consumption to 12% 1a; _________________ 1a https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single- market/en/news/energy-efficient-cloud- computing-technologies-and-policies-eco- friendly-cloud-market
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets reserved for European firms to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x; emphasises, by way of an example, the way in which the original idea underpinning the public cloud project Gaia-x, that of a purely European project, has been lost, since it will now involve US, Chinese and Indian tech firms and the lobby group Digital Europe, which includes Google, Apple and Facebook among its members, has just applied to join the service providers' collective;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to use the tools at its disposal, including in-depth market reviews, to pr
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x; welcomes the establishment of a European Cloud Federation, a European network of cloud infrastructures; stresses however that the freedom to opt for a non-European cloud service provider should remain unlimited for European businesses and consumers except for legitimate grounds such as risk to national security;
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x; believes that the development of European cloud infrastructures is essential to store and process EU citizens’ sensitive data; calls on the Commission to make proposals to limit the handling of European sensitive data within the EU;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x; regrets that this initiative is not an EU-led public project involving all Member States but an association of 22 companies and organisations;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x which is a leading example of federated data infrastructures, creating an ecosystem that allows the scalability of EU cloud providers;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the Commission and Member States to promote competitive markets to support the development of European cloud offerings, e.g. Gaia-x;
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Suggest that the Commission takes advantage of the review of horizontal and vertical competition guidelines to introduce new tools to counter excessive market concentration, inherent to data markets, including, inter alia ongoing monitoring for at-risk-markets and, where necessary, ex-ante regulation;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to co-invest in and create synergies among different spending programmes for the European cloud federation and for the deployment of the underlying high capacity connectivity infrastructures (e.g. submarine cables);
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note of the Commission’s proposal to create a European data
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B c (new) B c. whereas artificial intelligence has an energy balance; whereas already 47% of digital carbon emissions are due to consumer equipment (computers, smartphones, tablets, connected objects); considering that a standard machine learning project today emits about 284 tons of CO2 equivalent over its entire development cycle, i.e. five times the emissions of a car, from its manufacture to its scrapping 1a; considering therefore that advocating simultaneously the "Internet of Things" and the fight against the climate crisis is nonsense and that a major change in production and consumption must be made by our societies; _________________ 1aEnergy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP, Cornell University https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02243?utm_sou rce=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm _campaign=Feed%3A+arxiv%2FQSXk+ %28ExcitingAds%21+cs+updates+on+ar Xiv.org%29
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Stresses that cloud infrastructures should be based on the principles of trust, openness, security, interoperability and portability;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 b (new) 25 b. Stresses the importance of elaborating strategies to manage E-waste through recycling, upcycling, repurposing or reusing and to incentivise eco-design principles for ICT products and services; calls for broadening the scope of the Eco- design Directive 2009/125/EC to include more ICT products, services and structures such as data centres or cloud services;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 c (new) 25 c. Underlines that the digital sector is highly energy-intensive and is responsible for almost the 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions; highlights, in particular, the role of data centres which account today for more than 1% of the world's electricity consumption; insists that energy efficiency, circular economy and environmental protection requirements should be at the core of the development of digital technologies and the deployment of data centres;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 d (new) 25 d. Praises the Commission's intention of achieving highly energy- efficient, sustainable and climate-neutral data centres by 2030, and invites the Commission to swiftly propose corresponding regulatory initiatives and measures; in this context, urges the Commission to promote innovative and best available solutions for mitigating the environmental, resource and energy impact of data centres such as thermal containment, cooling, waste heat utilisation, while also promoting renewable energy installation requirements;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission to develop a ‘cloud rule book’ that will represent a solid framework to enhance clarity and facilitate compliance for cloud services and inter alia to oblige service providers to reveal where data is stored and ensure users have sovereignty over their data and create synergies with code of conducts for data portability and cloud provider switching already foreseen in the Regulation on the free flow of non- personal data (FFD);
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission to develop a ‘cloud rule book’ that will inter alia oblige service providers to reveal where data is stored and ensure users have sovereignty over their data; believes that the Cloud rulebook should aim to prevent technological lock ins especially in public procurement; stresses that all cloud operators, whether established or acting in EU, must follow EU rules and their compliance should be monitored;
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission to develop a
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the Commission to develop a ‘cloud rule book’ that will inter alia oblige service providers to reveal where data is processed and stored and ensure users have sovereignty over their data;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Citation 4 c (new) - having regard to Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network6a , _________________ 6a OJ L 348, 20.12.2013, p. 1.
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 22 a (new) - having regard to the Court of Justice of the European Union ruling on the Schrems II case C-311/18, from July 16 2020,
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note of the Commission’s proposal to create a European data area; stresses that such an area should yield
Amendment 30 #
B d. whereas under a high demand scenario, the EU would need 18 times more lithium by 2030 and 60 times more by 2050 1a; whereas the mining needed for this development is water-intensive, which may compete with the needs of local populations, especially in water-stressed regions; whereas mining activities in third countries can be the source of intense pollution affecting the quality of water, air and soil, deforestation and loss of biodiversity; whereas extractive activities are concentrated in developing countries, where labour standards are far less protective than in the EU, and whereas, as a result, working conditions in mining operations endanger the health and lives of mine workers; whereas pollution caused by mining activities has a direct impact on the livelihood of local populations and may ultimately force them into exile; whereas local populations suffer the indirect consequences of water, air and soil contamination, with a major impact on their health; _________________ 1ahttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52 020DC0493&from=FR#footnote87
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to further accelerate the technological developments of IoT and edge computing, while supporting the convergence of technologies such as AI, digital twins, DLTs and intelligent connectivity at the edge, e.g. via large- scale open edge IoT projects;
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Welcomes the upcoming launch of a European Alliance for Industrial Data and Clouds and welcomes the efforts towards creating a European Alliance of Processors;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy; emphasises the importance of a culture of security for entities handling large amounts of data, especially with regard to the risks of cybercrime and cyberterrorism, as well as the risks of natural and technological accidents; urges the Commission to present solutions suited to market players of all sizes to anticipate and be prepared for all these risks;
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy, as well as the importance of state-of-the-art underlying digital infrastructure; urges the Commission to present solutions that are suited to market players of all sizes; calls on the Commission to provide opportunities for conducting abusability and vulnerability audits of the infrastructure for data sharing;
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy; calls for the support of further development of technology for the secure sharing of data, e.g. via secure multi-party computing and encryption technology; urges the Commission to present solutions and standards suited to market players of all sizes, encouraging the use of transparency;
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy, notably in countering cyber threats against trade secrets; urges the Commission to present solutions suited to market players of all sizes, especially to micro and SMEs;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity for a stable data economy; urges the Commission to present solutions suited to market players of all sizes such as enhancement of blockchain technologies;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Emphasises the importance of trust and cybersecurity, including 5G network security, for a stable data economy; urges the Commission to present solutions suited to market players of all sizes;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27 a. Highlights that the gradual paradigm shift from physical centres of data storage to data architectures on the cloud and closer to the user, reinforces the need for a strengthened cybersecurity framework; underlines that the uptake and widespread use of products and services fuelled by data depend on cybersecurity standards, which will inspire trust and allow for safer data sharing mechanisms and better protocols to guarantee data protection;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27a. Draws attention to the significant costs generated by cyber attacks and the rapid increase in those costs over the years; calls, in that connection, for the development of European initiatives coordinated between national actors, with a view to combating such attacks more effectively;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Union must urgently take action to reap the benefits of data by
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27 a. Insists on the promotion and development of ecological European data centres in order to reduce our dependence on foreign and private data centres, subject to European norms and standards, with a medium-term objective of 100% renewable energy use;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27 a. Welcomes the upcoming review of the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS Directive) in order to improve cyber resilience and respond more effectively to cyber-attacks;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27 a. Supports the concept of data protection by design and by default as requirements for producers of products, services and applications that are based on the processing of personal data;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 b (new) 27 b. Stresses that the safe and widespread uptake of both products and services in the data-fuelled consumer- facing IoT and industrial IoT European ecosystems must include trust by design in order to integrate privacy standards and security safeguards in all stages of the design process as well as the data processing protocols of devices and services;
Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 b (new) 27 b. Calls on the Commission to ambitiously reform the Ecodesign Regulation for servers and the Energy Efficiency Directive in order to anticipate the explosion of energy consumption by data centres;
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 6 a (new) Stresses that the datasets and algorithmic systems used when making classifications, assessments and predictions at the different stages of data processing in the development of AI and related technologies may also result in differential treatment of and indirect discrimination against groups of people with similar characteristics; calls for a rigorous examination of AI’s classification practices and harms; emphasises that AI technologies require to take into good account science and technology studies, critical race studies, disability studies, and other disciplines attuned to social context, including how difference is constructed, the work of classification, and its consequences; stresses the need therefore to systematically invest in integrating these disciplines into AI study and research at all levels;
Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 b (new) 27 b. Believes that making sure that data-related innovation benefits all is essential and that for this to happen there is a need to improve the general data skill and literacy of the population by, inter alia, including data management in academic education of students and in training programs for professionals;
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Recognises the potential of data access to accelerate scientific research; welcomes the Commission’s work in enabling the sharing of data for research; in the light of the current sanitary crisis, considers it crucial to speed up the creation of a European Health Data Space, which will improve research and enhance the ability to use data, including creating diagnostics that better match patients and medicines; welcomes the development of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) as an open, trusted and federated environment in Europe to store, share and re-use research data across borders;
Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Recognises the potential of data access to accelerate scientific research; welcomes the Commission’s work in enabling the sharing of data for research; calls on the Commission, as a priority, to develop common standards for the anonymisation, storage and secure exchange of personal medical data while maintaining the highest level of privacy for patients;
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Recognises the potential of data access to accelerate scientific research and private innovation; welcomes the Commission’s work in enabling the sharing of data for research and private innovation;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Union must urgently take action to reap the benefits of data by building a
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Recognises the potential of data access to accelerate scientific research and education programmes; welcomes the Commission’s work in enabling the sharing of data for research and education;
Amendment 321 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 a (new) 28 a. Points out that the most efficient way of reducing bias in data based systems is by ensuring that the maximum of non-personal data is available to train them and notes that public domain or freely licensed data are often used by AI and machine learning developers when selecting training data, both for ease of access and to avoid potential infringement liability exposure; highlights in this context the necessity to remove unnecessary legal barriers to data access and to facilitate cross-border uses;
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 a (new) 28 a. Stresses that Europe’s growth potential will be determined by the skills of its population and workforce; calls on the EU to promote a reskilling revolution of educational systems that supports digital skills and competences in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, entrepreneurship and creativity;
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the Commission to promote data literacy skills for all, software engineering, ICT talent attraction, employment of women in tech
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the Commission to promote software engineering, ICT talent attraction, employment of women in tech and data literacy skills for all; underlines the need to promote women-led companies and employment of women in the digital sector and calls for measures to follow up on career development of women in STEM;
Amendment 325 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the Commission to promote STEM education, with a specific focus on gender equality, as well as software engineering, ICT talent attraction
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the Commission to promote software engineering, ICT talent attraction, employment of
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the Commission to promote software engineering, ICT talent attraction, foster the involvement and employment of women in tech and data literacy
Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 a (new) 29 a. Underlines that European programmes, namely Horizon Europe, Digital Europe and Space Programme, are designed to directly or indirectly support the generation, storage, processing, exploitation and sharing of research and business data;
Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding for SMEs to fully capitalise on data economy’s potential
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Union must urgently take action to reap the benefits of data by building an ethically sustainable, human-
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding for SMEs to
Amendment 332 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding for
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding for SMEs and Social economy enterprises to fully capitalise on data economy’s potential;
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding particularly for SMEs to fully capitalise on data economy’s potential;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for public and private funding for micro and SMEs to fully capitalise on data economy’s potential;
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 a (new) 30 a. Welcomes the Digital Europe Programme and the role of the European Digital Innovation Hubs that will help European businesses, especially those still lagging behind, to keep up with the opportunities of the digital transition;
Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling; encourages Member States to address the gender gap in STEM via resources, advocacy and salary negotiation training;
Amendment 339 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note of the Commission’s proposal to create a European data area taking account of the general data protection regulation; stresses that such an area should yield benefits and advantages to European companies and consumers, while preventing third countries from accessing sensitive data;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Union must urgently take action to reap the benefits of data by building an ethically sustainable, human- centric, trustworthy and secure data society that respects human and labour rights, fundamental rights and democracy;
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and society as a whole, and encourages companies to invest in upskilling;
Amendment 341 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling, reskilling and lifelong learning;
Amendment 342 #
31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling while respecting workers’ rights;
Amendment 343 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in
Amendment 344 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve the well- being and employability of the workforce and invest in upskilling;
Amendment 345 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase productivity, improve well- being of the workforce and invest in upskilling and reskilling;
Amendment 346 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 a (new) 31 a. calls on the Commission to promote lifelong science-mathematics education in order to support the development of adequate digital skills and tools that adequately support processes related to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity;
Amendment 347 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 b (new) 31 b. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to also promote lifelong education in school systems and through information campaigns that aims to increase the awareness and responsibility of citizens as protagonists of the data economy society;
Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are
Amendment 349 #
32. Believes that the status quo on global rules governing the use of data
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note of the Commission’s proposal to create a European
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Union must
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate; calls on the Commission to work with like-minded third countries and international organisations to agree on new international standards to govern the use of new technologies, such as AI; highlights the need for international rules and standards to foster global cooperation aimed at strengthening data protection and establishing safe and appropriate data transfers;
Amendment 351 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate; calls on the Commission to work with like-minded third countries
Amendment 353 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate
Amendment 354 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate; calls on the Commission to work with like- minded third countries and in international and multilateral fora to agree on new international ethical and technical standards to govern the use of new technologies, such as AI;
Amendment 355 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Believes that global rules governing the use of data are inadequate; calls on the Commission to work on both bilateral and multilateral level with like-minded third countries to agree on new
Amendment 356 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 a (new) 32a. Calls on the Commission to assess existing data exchange relations with third countries, in particular those which do not share our values; calls on the Commission to reconsider these partnerships, if necessary;
Amendment 357 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 b (new) 32b. Takes the view that interference in the affairs of other States through the holding of digitalised data constitutes a serious breach of digital sovereignty; emphasises that certain national authorities, in their capacity as 'digital watchdogs', have voiced concerns regarding access by the authorities in north America to data transferred to the United States, with specific reference to the collection of and access to personal data, and that these actions are often justified by citing national security considerations under the US FISA Act and executive orders; points out that this legal arsenal is rounded off by extraterritoriality rules which become a means of waging economic war, used increasingly frequently by the United States, by providing for the adoption of provisions and measures whose legal reach extends beyond US national territory; takes the view, therefore, that the agreements drawn up in connection with every transfer outside Europe have no coercive force and that data collection methods can turn into completely unsupervised commercial practices;
Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 c (new) 34c. Calls, as a matter of urgency, for the revision and invalidation of the Privacy Shield, the agreement authorising the transfer of data between the European Union and the United States subject to the requirement of reciprocity as regards the equal treatment of American and foreign data on US territory; emphasises, in that connection, that in the Shrems II case the Court of Justice of the European Union found that US surveillance practices remain incompatible with the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation;
Amendment 359 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33.
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Highlights the right of citizens to have access to all data generated by them and welcomes the measures announced by the Commission allowing citizens to exercise their data protection and privacy rights more efficiently;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas there is an exponential development of task work on platforms, the so-called microwork; whereas according to the World Bank, there were 145 online work platforms in 2013, around which 50 million crowdworkers were gravitating; whereas these workers are constantly confronted with algorithmic reputation scores and automated tests, and are at constant risk of being disconnected from the platforms without recourse in the event of prolonged poor scoring; whereas they are therefore particularly exposed to insecurity, social isolation, overwork, work and unstructured lifestyles with significant consequences for their physical and mental well-being;
Amendment 360 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Stresses the importance of cross- border data flows for growth and innovation; Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries to be permitted when privacy, security and other legitimate public policy interests are met; calls on the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy, including the prohibition of unjustified data localisation requirements; calls on the Commission to explore the possibilities to facilitate data flows with strategically important third countries;
Amendment 361 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries only when privacy, security and other legitimate public policy interests are met and when an adequate level of data protection is guaranteed e.g. via ad hoc adequacy decisions; calls on the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy, including the prohibition of unjustified data localisation requirements; recalls the importance of advancing in e- commerce negotiations at WTO level;
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Calls
Amendment 363 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries when privacy, security and other legitimate public policy interests are met; calls on the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy, including the prohibition of
Amendment 364 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries only when privacy, security and other legitimate public policy interests are met; calls on the Commission to negotiate new rules for the global digital economy, including the prohibition of unjustified data localisation requirements;
Amendment 365 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Calls for the free flow of data between the Union and third countries
Amendment 366 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 a (new) 33 a. Recalls its recommendation on the negotiations for a new partnership with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland stressing the importance of data protection both as a fundamental right, as well as a key enabler for the digital economy; notes that, according to the case law of the CJEU, in order for the Commission to declare the adequacy of the UK data protection framework, it must demonstrate that the UK provides a level of protection “essentially equivalent” to that offered by EU legal framework, including on onward transfers to third countries;
Amendment 367 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 a (new) 33 a. Calls upon the European Commission to maintain its 2018 horizontal position on cross border data flows, privacy and data protection, and not to agree to trade rules that could limit its ability to regulate, for example on AI or cybersecurity;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas the EU Earth observation system Copernicus should serve as an example of socio-economic benefits of freely and openly available large amount of data for European citizens and businesses;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Establishes the ambition to make EU the world leader in digital innovation, business digitalisation, and smart data usage in the fields of transport, mobility and tourism;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas all uses of personal data should be consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation and the e-Privacy Directive; whereas two years after the implementation of the GDPR, the European Commission needs to take action to make sure authorities do not abuse current data protection rules; whereas the processing of workers' data has become increasingly complex; whereas in a growing number of contexts workers interact with technologies, applications, software, tracking devices, social media or in-vehicle devices that monitor their health, biomedical data, communications and interactions with others, as well as their level of engagement and concentration, or behaviours; whereas however only one article of the GDPR is devoted to employment, Article 88 on the processing of personal data in the context of employment relations;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Underlines that future legislation must be designed to facilitate technological development, innovation and data portability, rather than hampering it;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas all uses of personal data should be consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation and the e-Privacy Directive
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Citation 4 d (new) - having regard to Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community7a _________________ 7a OJ L 191, 18.7.2008, p. 1.
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 22 a (new) - having regard to the Commission communication of 21 October 2020 entitled ‘Open source software strategy 2020 – 2023’
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic importance; stresses,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas all uses of personal data should be consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation and the e-Privacy Directive; and whereas there are non personal or public sector data respectively consistent with Regulation on Free Flow of non-personal Data and Open Data Directive;
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas all uses of personal and/or business data should be consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation and the e-Privacy Directive;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport and tourism sectors as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic importance; stresses that the further digitalisation of the sectors, by creating further business models and new job opportunities, would enhance the growth, the competitiveness and the prosperity of the European transport and tourism sectors; stresses, in this context, that the exchange of data should be promoted and should comply with the appropriate privacy safeguards and the “open by default” principle;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas data resulting from the "free collaboration" of users through their activities are the raw material on which the digital economy feeds; whereas data, and in particular personal data, are indeed at the heart of all business models in the digital economy; whereas data are acquiring a value that is increasingly well documented by the market and its observers; whereas data constitutes a common basis for the entire digital economy conducive to the establishment of a digital tax system;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic importance;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas, according to Eurobarometer, the share of European citizens who would like to take a more active role in controlling the use of their personal data, including health, energy consumption and shopping habits (46%) is larger than those who would not like (38%);
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas health is a particularly sensitive sector for the processing of personal data; whereas while AI will undoubtedly bring societal benefits in this sector, it nevertheless entails risks which justify strict supervision and regulation; whereas digital health must not pave the way for the dehumanisation of care; whereas, moreover, the digital divide, if not bridged, is likely to contribute significantly to the spread of medical deserts across Europe;
Amendment 45 #
2. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic importance in respect of which ownership and rights of use must be clarified; stresses, in this context, that the exchange of data should be promoted and should comply with the appropriate privacy safeguards;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas personal health data must remain the property of the patient; whereas no information concerning a patient's health should be communicated without the patient's full and informed consent; whereas personal health data, due to their extremely sensitive nature, must be scrupulously protected; whereas the highest cybersecurity standards must be established for these networks; whereas, in particular, interesting initiatives by some AI developers born during the crisis, offering anti-spam solutions to hospitals for the protection of their messaging systems free of charge and without obligation against computer attacks;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport sector, including the EU logistics value chain, as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic importance; stresses, in this context, that the exchange of data should be promoted and should comply with the appropriate privacy safeguards;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas it is particularly important in the field of health to guarantee a high level of protection of the rights of individuals and the need to respect the principles of limitation and minimisation of data by these new research processing operations, which are extremely sensitive, in the context of the development of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of health; whereas there are risks inherent in the possible concentration of sensitive data on a technological platform, which requires the introduction of appropriate security measures; whereas, finally, there are material and legal risks in the event of transfers of data outside the European Union;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data of strategic
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D e (new) Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Encourages the Commission to facilitate voluntary data sharing schemes; urges the Commission to enact measures that would incentivise businesses to share their data, possibly through a reward system (win-win), with the objective of pooling vast sets of transport data, for it to be equally accessed by EU businesses, in particular the less data rich, facilitating innovation; stresses the need for contracts to set clear obligations and liability for data aggregators when it comes to accessing, storing, sharing and processing data in order to limit the misuse of such data;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D f (new) D f. whereas EU data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increased complexity and interconnection of care and medical robots that may be required to handle highly sensitive personal information and medical data and aligned with the integrated protection of privacy, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on data protection;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Points out that the European transport sector as a whole generates a large amount of data with potential of serving the public good within and outside the transport sector, while ensuring highest personal data protection; stresses, in this context, that the private sector generates a large amount of non-personal data; calls upon the Commission to incentivise the release of such data as open data and to develop a cooperation model between stakeholders;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D g (new) D g. whereas concerns have been repeatedly raised by the European Data Protection Committee (EDPS) regarding access by North American authorities to data transferred to the United States, in particular the collection of and access to personal data for national security purposes under Section 702 of the US FISA Act and Executive Order 12 333;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Citation 4 e (new) - having regard to Regulation (EU) 2016/919 of 27 May 2016 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the ‘control-command and signalling’ subsystems of the rail system in the European Union8a , _________________ 8a OJ L 158, 27.5.2016, p. 1.
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 29 a (new) - having regard to the Joint Declaration of Member States on Building the next generation cloud for businesses and the public sector in the EU, 2020
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Notes that the raw data generated by digital platforms and private operators in the transport and tourism sectors, i.e. raw and non-personal data, can serve important social purposes; calls on the Commission to create, within the framework of the announced Data Act, a legal framework and system of incentives for private operators to make raw data available for research, training and public interest purposes;
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D h (new) D h. whereas the provisions of the GDPR prohibit any request for access from a court or administrative authority of a third country, addressed to companies whose processing operations are subject to the GDPR, outside an applicable international agreement or, according to the interpretation of the EDPS, outside the application of a derogation relating to the vital interest of the data subject;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Notes the importance of collecting and analysing economic, environmental and socio-cultural data for the tourism industry, as a means to support decision- taking by public and private agents, and to make it possible through the combination of official statistics and real- time and big data to customise products and services throughout the tourism industry ecosystem;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D i (new) D i. whereas most Member States have already launched legislative frameworks for driverless driving, which requires a large data infrastructure, without any debate on the social utility of autonomous vehicles;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Reminds that there is also a need to strengthen the fundamental rights of people in the digital world, such as the protection of privacy, non-discrimination, dignity, fairness and freedom of expression, notwithstanding the utmost respect for minority languages of the Union;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D j (new) D j. whereas the European Union’s ICT agency for internal security and border control, eu-LISA, has signed a framework contract for a new biometric matching system, which aims to create a database of fingerprints and facial images of more than 400 million people by 2022;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Criticises the fact that the Commission has not included the tourism industry in the European Data Strategy, and calls on the Commission to incorporate it in the governance framework for common data spaces, enabling the entire tourism industry ecosystem to fully commit to innovation, digitalisation and sustainability;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D k (new) D k. whereas the gender gap between women and men continues to exist across all digital technology domains, with Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity being among the domains with the largest gaps; whereas this gender gap has a concrete impact on the development of AI, reproducing and enhancing stereotypes and bias, since it has predominantly been designed by males;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Stresses the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-ins for publicly collected data; underlines the need for public funding programmes and public procurement to sufficiently build Member States’ public authority capacity for data storage and data processing, further facilitating B2G, G2G, and G2B data sharing;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Stresses the importance of standardization in a common data space; calls on the Commission to ensure the development of common data standards in the transport sector to optimise interoperability, compatibility and continuity of data in the transport system;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas the Union should be an active global player in setting rules and standards based on its values;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Considers that the Commission should promote a European Digital Rights Charter where transport and tourism should be specifically tackled;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2 c. Highlights the imbalance present in the transport data market where a small number of digital platforms, often from third countries, accumulate large amounts of sensitive data, creating systemic imbalances while achieving an essential comparative advantage over EU businesses; deems it paramount in these circumstances, as well as in instances of overriding public interest, for the EU to set mandatory B2B and B2G data sharing and data access obligations, to ensure a level playing field with the aim of supporting the rise of EU businesses and SMEs in transport while also protecting citizens privacy rights; calls for the correct implementation of the Open Space Directive2a, which put forward new rules on the sharing of data by public undertakings in transport; _________________ 2a Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re- use of public sector information PE/28/2019/REV/1 OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 56–83
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas an adequate infrastructure is needed in the EU, through the use of high-performance hardware and storage to run applications and store data;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2 c. Acknowledge the benefits of data sharing for transport safety and sustainable and efficient transport management; stresses the importance, however, of taking strong and effective personal data protection and cybersecurity measures to prevent misuse in the processing and sharing of data;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas in 2018 a cyber attack cost the victim USD 13 million on average, and whereas that cost is increasing every year;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose some great risks that must be addressed; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) E b. whereas investments in skills in cloud and big data can help companies distant from technology to turn their business; and whereas companies considered to be at the forefront must remain constantly updated on recent technology innovations in order not to lose their competitive advantage;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport and tourism sector; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses should be created and promoted, especially for SMEs in the tourism and transport sector, which face the greatest difficulties regarding access to data and the digitalisation process, and fair competition between market players ensured;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 29 a (new) - having regard to the OECD report entitled 'Building back better: a sustainable, resilient recovery after COVID-19', published on 5 June 2020,
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose great risks that must be addressed; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role in lessening the risks that may be inherent in automated processes; points out that the gradual arrival of autonomous vehicles should not be a long-term threat to jobs in transport sectors, including those under pressure, such as road freight transport and road passenger transport;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) E b. whereas the European strategy for data will be instrumental, among other things, to achieve industrial policy objectives and will be beneficial to help European businesses, including SMEs, to successfully face the digital transition;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose great risks that must be addressed; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role in lessening the risks that may be inherent in automated processes; considers that the upcoming Data Strategy should tackle alternative means of transport using digital platforms aimed at increasing the sharing of these means, inter alia, car- sharing, alternative taxis, scooter-sharing, bike-sharing;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) Eb. whereas Article 16 TFEU states that everyone has the right to the protection of their personal data;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose great risks that must be addressed; underlines in this context that biometric recognition must always be used on a voluntary basis and its emergence should not lead to situations where the use of such technologies becomes de facto mandatory; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role in lessening the risks that may be inherent in automated processes;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E c (new) Ec. whereas in its digital package published on 19 February 2020 the Commission states that ICT today accounts for between 5% and 9% of global electricity consumption and 2% of CO2 emissions and that the volume of data transferred and stored will continue to grow exponentially in the years to come; whereas, further, the 2018 study on artificial intelligence drawn up by the Joint Research Centre already suggested that data centres and data transmission could account for 3 to 4% of the Union's total electricity consumption;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for the viability of European industries and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a democratic data society, which will bring better services, growth and jobs; underlines the importance to avoid protectionism and to allow access to data spaces to non-EU stakeholders, strictly complying with EU privacy, data protection, cybersecurity standards and rules;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose great risks that must be addressed and effectively managed so as to avoid adverse consequences for European travellers and consumers; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role in lessening and precluding the risks that may be inherent in automated processes;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; notes the determination to create a framework guaranteeing European data sovereignty, but points out that this concept has not yet been defined; believes that it is a prerequisite for the viability of European industries and enterprises and nascent AI, and a vital step towards
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for the viability of European industries, the progress of universities and research centres and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a democratic data society, which will bring better services, growth and jobs;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for the EU to acquire a leading role in the data economy and for the viability of European industries
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Warns that current developments in artificial intelligence, such as autonomous driving and face and fingerprint recognition in the travel sector, pose great risks that must be addressed and also present opportunities that must be taken; stresses that the human factor plays a crucial role in lessening the risks that may be inherent in
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for the viability of European industries and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a rights-based and democratic data society, which will
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Stresses that the lack of interoperability and uniform standards significantly hampers the exchange and combination of transport and mobility data from different sources; points out that the rapid development of modern digital solutions for transport and tourism, such as autonomous vehicles and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), is impossible without the establishment at European level of common, uniform and structured machine-readable data formats, which should be based on open standards for recording; draws attention to the important role played by the European Multi-Stakeholder Platform on ICT Standardisation in this regard;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for a regulation and the viability of European industries and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a democratic data society, which will bring better services, sustainable growth and jobs;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Highlights that the correct application of AI technology in transport can be helpful with regards to passenger safety, traffic management, lowering emissions and reducing sectorial costs; notes that AI technology benefits can only be enjoyed if vast amounts of high quality data sets are available for EU researchers and companies; stresses that without a sector specific transport data strategy on how to process, store and enhance the quality of data, the EU will fall behind in implementing AI technology across the sector, losing competitiveness;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; believes that it is a prerequisite for the viability of European industries and nascent AI, and a vital step towards a democratic data society, which will bring better services, sustainable growth and quality jobs;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport sector, particularly by incentivizing the development of technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) ; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses, especially for micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), should be created and promoted and fair competition between market players ensured;
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 29 b (new) - having regard to the programmatic book entitled 'COVID-19: The Great Reset', a plan to 'reset the world' published by the World Economic Forum and co-signed by Klaus Schwab and Thierry Malleret,
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Urges the Commission to give tourism the place it deserves in its upcoming Data Strategy, since this sector is today heavily reliant on the use by consumers of digital platforms; urges the Commission to promote high standards of privacy by these tourism-related applications;
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Believes that the free flow of data across borders is critical to seize all the potential of the data economy and stresses that preserving the flow of data must remain a foundation of Europe’s values and objectives;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Notes that the success of an EU data strategy, in particular for transport, relies on a sound industrial policy, with investments, both for public and private, in new data infrastructure and the data economy meant to build a resilient EU network that promotes rapid data consumption and sharing, enhancing the efficiency and interoperability of the system to the benefit all stakeholders while better safeguarding European digital leadership;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Underlines that Artificial Intelligence (AI) relies on high-quality and increased data availability to create data sets able to train algorithms and improve their performance;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that data sharing could improve the efficiency of traffic management and road safety; stresses the importance, however, of taking strong and effective cyber-security measures to prevent misuse in the processing and sharing of data, and of finding common ground in addressing the relevant technical and legal issues; stresses the need for cooperation among all the Member States' bodies responsible for supervising the use of these data, making it possible to identify and neutralise suspects or individuals preparing attacks on people in the EU;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that data sharing could improve the efficiency of traffic management and road safety; stresses the potential benefits of sharing data, as for example the real-time traffic avoidance navigation and the real-time notification for delayed common transport, for saving extra working hours, better efficiency and avoiding bottleneck; stresses the importance
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis h
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that data sharing could improve the efficiency of traffic management and
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis highlights the role of real-time data sharing and the need for interoperability of solutions across Member States; stresses the need to accelerate the establishment of sectoral data spaces, as well as the deployment of data infrastructures, tools and computing capacity, in particular Common European Health Data Space by supporting the development of national electronic health records and interoperability of health data;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that data sharing
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis has highlight
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Takes note of ENISA’s work on securing transport critical infrastructure; underlines the enormous potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) for transport which can guarantee better operational performance, increased security, and efficient real-time service; highlights that next generation technologies in Transport will store data close to where the data is generated (data at the edge) increasing cyber risks; calls for coordinated EU approach in establishing common protocols for the safe access, storage, and processing of data across the transport sector;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis highlights the role of real-time data while showing severe infrastructural shortcomings in all those areas in Europe that do not have reliable access to broadband and those basic tools that are necessary to participate in the digital transformation;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Points out that private operators in the transport sector generate a significant amount of the data created during the provision of services of general interest or the carrying out of tasks which are co- financed by public funds, such as public transport; stresses that, given their importance and high value for society, such data should be made available for re-use in the general interest, while guaranteeing a high level of personal data protection,
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis highlights the role of real-time
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Highlights that European partnerships could play an important role in advancing in innovation and research in the transport sector's performance and safety; stresses that data sharing could be of particular importance for strengthening the role of European partnerships; highlights that European partnerships in the different modes of transport can have a very positive impact on the safe, sustainable and smart deployment of the Trans-European Transport Network;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis highlights the role
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Urges the Commission to establish means to certify the goodness of applications and services that include the traceability of transport users, passengers and consumers; asks the Commission to guarantee the proper use and protection of personal data and the right to privacy of users of these transport and tourism- related applications;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Recalls the role Recovery and Resilience Facility should play in contributing to the digital agenda and supports the proposed 20% earmarking for digital for each national plan; calls on Member States to provide adequate resources for EU relevant programmes such as Digital Europe Programme, Connecting Europe Facility and Horizon Europe to support digital priorities, in order to improve Europe's competitiveness in the global digital economy and reinforce the Union’s strategic autonomy;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport sector; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses, especially SMEs, should be created and promoted and fair competition between market players ensured; whereas the third sector and civil society could also have a say together with businesses and political administrations;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 29 b (new) - having regard to the Final report prepared by the High-Level Expert Group on Business-to-Government Data Sharing, 2020
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Stresses the importance of data exchange for the creation of interoperable multimodal ticketing systems; highlights the particular need of through-ticketing in the railway sector, and calls upon the Commission to enable data sharing between different railway operators with the aim to facilitate international rail travel;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Stresses that the processing of workers' data has become increasingly complex; in view of the development of technologies that can analyse not only physical traits and biometric data, but also engage in facial recognition and even detect emotions or behaviour, considers that new legislation is needed to strengthen workers' rights of access to their analysed data and the way in which these data are used, stored or shared outside the employment relationship;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Stresses that any legislative proposals related to data should be based on an in-depth impact assessment to avoid unnecessary administrative or regulatory burden that could hamper the emergence of high-tech unicorns, start-ups and SMEs in Europe in order to unleash their potential at the global scale; invites therefore the European Commission to come forward with comparative analysis of regulatory environment in third countries;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4 b. Notes that European companies operating in some third countries are increasingly faced with unjustified barriers and digital restrictions; Welcomes the Commission’s commitment to address, in bilateral discussions and international fora, including the WTO, such unjustified obstacles to international data flows;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Notes that the COVID-19 crisis has highlighted how crucial the digital transformation and the availability of a wide range of technologies is for our economy and society, especially in the public sector and the healthcare industries, notably preserving continuity and maintaining the efficiency of all activities and public services, and the role of real-time and reliable data;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4 b. Stresses the importance of data exchange for new market entrants and innovation; highlights the benefits of data sharing in the transport sector, particularly with regard to ticketing systems, both for businesses and consumers;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Considers it regrettable that only one article of the GDPR is devoted to employment, Article 88 on the processing of personal data in the context of employment relations; stresses that it is imperative that workers be properly trained in how to exercise their right to respect for their personal data; calls on the Commission to present a revision of the GDPR in order to adopt more specific measures to ensure the protection of workers' rights and freedoms; urges the European Data Protection Committee, pending a proposal from the Commission, to provide guidelines extending the scope of Article 88;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4 c. Asks the Commission to explore the possibilities to facilitate data flows with strategically important third countries; to this end, data localisation requirements should be avoided where appropriate, data must be covered by the EU's free trade agreements, and efforts to conclude adequacy decisions with third countries must be accelerated;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Stresses the need to continue addressing effectively the digital divide both across and within Member States, including by improving access to broadband and ICT services, thus promoting cohesion and economic and social development; regrets that currently only 60% of European remote and rural areas have access to high-speed broadband connections and highlights the role that satellites and other space-based assets and services will play in providing connectivity in those areas, building the preconditions for a full digital transformation;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4 c. Notes the importance of data exchange from vehicle to vehicle, transport infrastructure to transport infrastructure and vehicle to transport infrastructure; calls on the Commission to ensure interoperability between vehicles and transport infrastructure and to make available in-vehicle secure data;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 c (new) 2 c. Considers that trade unions, at the national level, should be involved and be able to cooperate more extensively with national data protection authorities, to provide them with recommendations relating to the specific situations of workers and to encourage them to develop guidelines on data protection and privacy in the workplace;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4 d. Underlines that competitive access to data is of outmost importance for the development of Artificial Intelligence, which will be increasingly important to the transport and tourism sectors; stresses that businesses and researchers should be given greater freedom to use data, with less regulatory interference, especially when the AI application for which the data is used does not entail high risks;
Amendment 86 #
2 d. Insists that rules on surveillance and monitoring of employees must be clearly justified and discussed on a case- by-case basis in consultation with trade union organisations; considers that these rules should cover as many aspects as possible, set limits, and indicate where and how data is collected from employees, in particular as regards private e-mails, messages posted on social networks or off-line activities; demands that the right of employees to be disconnected or unreachable be respected;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4 d. Calls for a data strategy which aims for sustainability of all transport modes; highlights the importance of railways as the transport mode with the lowest carbon footprint for both passenger and freight and underlines its importance for the green and digital transition;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 f (new) 2 f. Welcomes the proposal of Data Governance Act to deliver on Commissionner Breton's stance that European data should be stored and processed in Europe because they belong in Europe; further insists that July ECJ case on the Privacy Shield should be the occasion for regulators to call for data stored in the U.S. to be relocated to Europe;
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4 e. Emphasises that a regulatory separation is needed between high- and low risk AI based on how the data is used. This separation must not be made on a sectorial basis, potentially hampering technological development in an entire sector, but instead on the way of application, in order to ensure precision in the regulatory scope and that unnecessary administrative burdens are avoided;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 g (new) 2 g. Considers that if the Commission opts for a risk based approach, the levels of risk shouldn't be limited to 'high risk' and 'low risk' applications but rather a scaling up of risks to coincide with the variety of applications and relating risks;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4 e. Calls on the Commission to swiftly finalise the deployment of the ERTMS in the European railway network, in order to yield the benefits from an interoperable signalling system;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 h (new) 2 h. Considers that biometric data, given their specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as their potential misuses, should be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale proposed by the Commission; strongly believes that the use of biometric data should be submitted to specific safeguards such as the informed and explicit consent of their owner as well as access to effective remedies in case of misuse of such data;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas a common European data strategy should provide benefits for the European transport sector and contribute to the transition towards a safe, sustainable and efficient transport system; whereas fair conditions in the marketplace for the European economy and businesses should be created and promoted and fair competition between market players and all transport modes ensured;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas digitalisation has transformed the economy, society and citizens’ daily lives, and whereas data, which is duplicated every 18 months, is at the heart of this transformation; whereas digitalisation should also be an opportunity to reduce human exposure to harmful and hazardous conditions and help to create more quality and decent jobs;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 f (new) Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 a (new) Recalls that the Union is founded on the values set out in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union and on the respect of the precautionary principle set out in Article 191(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union;
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 g (new) 4 g. Underlines that legal certainty and a fair possibility to oversee and comprehend data rules are key factors to unleashing the innovative potential of European businesses and researchers;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 b (new) Stresses the need to constantly question the social and environmental utility of each technology developed; affirms as elected officials our responsibility to question progress, that not every feasible technological development is necessarily beneficial to society;
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the implementation of transport legislation to be monitored,
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the Union’s aim must be a
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the implementation of transport legislation to be monitored, notably the upcoming regulation on electronic freight transport information, Directive (EU) 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management4 and Regulation (EU) 2019/1239 establishing a European Maritime Single Window environment5 , with a view to ensuring support for businesses, promoting digitisation and improving data exchange in both B2B
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the Union’s aim must be a
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the implementation of transport legislation to be monitored, notably the upcoming regulation on electronic freight transport information, Directive (EU) 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management4 and Regulation (EU) 2019/1239 establishing a European Maritime Single Window environment5 , with a view to ensuring support for businesses, promoting digitisation and improving data exchange in
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the Union’s aim must be an EU-governed, human-centric, data- driven society built on trust and values of privacy, transparency and fundamental rights, that put individual interest first while also fostering the common good;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the Commission to promote the GNSS system for heavy goods transport through the establishment of an EU-GNSS portal and appropriate software; is of the view that a GNSS- based monitoring system is an effective tool for monitoring lorries and goods traceability in real time, on an ongoing basis; points out that such a portal would serve as a reference for the costs of carrying out roadside checks, would enable savings to be made with regard to the costs of treatment and hospitalisation due to road accidents, providing greater safeguards in terms of road safety while ensuring the processing of data in real time, such as data on available parking areas; notes, moreover, that the GNSS system could be a means of restoring legality, ensuring law enforcement and preventing illegal operations from the outset, as well as enabling monitoring to combat social dumping and unfair market conditions;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the Union’s
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Stresses that data sharing in the European transport sector could facilitate cross-border TEN-T infrastructure projects, which often face particular challenges as regards the coordination of permit granting procedures; highlights that a European data area that entails an increase in data sharing and digitalisation could have a positive impact in the implementation of the SMART TEN-T Directive, and consequently in implementation of EU streamlining measures in permit - granting procedures, cross-border procurement procedures and other administrative procedures; highlights this simplification of procedures is key to advance in the realisation of the trans-European transport network in a more efficient way, reducing technical obstacles and the administrative burden, and thus possible delays and increase costs in TEN-T transport infrastructure projects;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the Union’s aim must be an EU-governed, human-centric, data- driven society built on trust and values of privacy, transparency and fundamental and labour rights;
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Proposes that, in the process of creating a regulatory framework for interoperable data exchange in rail transport, the Commission should revise Regulation (EU) No 454/2011 of 5 May 2011 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the subsystem 'telematics applications for passenger services' of the trans-European rail system1a and Regulation (EU) No 1305/2014 of 11 December 2014 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the telematics applications for freight subsystem of the rail system in the European Union and repealing the Regulation (EC) No 62/20062a; _________________ 1a OJ L 123, 12.5.2011, p. 11. 2a OJ L 356, 12.12.2014, p. 438.
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Highlights the central role of transportation in ensuring the uninterrupted activities of other sectors such as health, food, and manufacturing; stresses, therefore, the need to build synergies among the different data spaces the Commission intends to devise, to remove bottlenecks, boost productivity, and facilitate the free flow of goods and people;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Underlines that despite the high level of protection granted by the GDPR, individuals suffer from the lack of appropriate technical standards and tools empowering the simple exercise of those rights; emphasises that individuals should be supported in enforcing their rights granted by the GDPR with regard to the use of the data they generate;
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Calls for improved coordination among Member States to facilitate the cross border flow of data across sectors, through government and stakeholder dialogue, with the objective of establishing a common way of collecting data based on the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Notes that the data economy and the cloud infrastructure market is currently dominated by a restricted number of non-European players, acting as de facto rule-setters; stresses that this raises concerns over compliance with EU rules on data protection, market practices, security and users' control over strategic data;
source: 660.081
2020/11/17
IMCO
108 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital 1 a (new) 1a. whereas the Commission communication of 21 October 2020 entitled ‘Open source software strategy 2020-2023’ underlines the need for openness in data and software, insists that the data governance model be built on a decentralised data operating environment, taking advantages of an open data policy and collaboration opportunities in regional clusters of SMEs, research institutions, public administrations and civil society;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Points out that a large proportion of available data is the result of free collaboration between users to create content and share data, and takes the view that the data resulting from that free cooperation should be regarded as a common good accessible to all and non- tradable;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Recognises the potential of the increase of the amount of data from self- driving vehicles, the potential for the innovation they bring to the industry and to the economy, but also the security hazards that come with it, therefore stresses the need of a European legislative framework to store, process and analyse these data in a secure manner in compliance with the European values and the GDPR;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Suggests developing a technical and legal framework for data sharing to keep data secure and to ensure control over who access data and for what purpose; highlights initiatives such as the Nordic Smart Government which intends to enable SMEs to voluntary share data automatically and in real-time through a decentralised digital ecosystem;
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Welcomes the intention to address the current limitations of the data portability and to enhance the portability rights for individuals under the Article 20 of the GDPR;
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Highlights that the sharing of data should be used to enhance competition; emphasises the need for adequate safeguards against market failures on data markets; suggest that the Commission takes advantage of the review of horizontal and vertical competition guidelines to introduce new tools to counter excessive market concentration, inherent to data markets, including, inter alia ongoing monitoring for at-risk- markets and, where necessary, ex-ante regulation;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Underlines that when defining standards for sharing data across sectors, the Commission should pay particular attention to the standards applying within the sector in order to ensure a coherent cross-sector data-sharing standard and avoid disadvantaging a sector towards another;
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Underlines the close link between data and AI and stresses that data availability and data quality are crucial for the development of effective, well- functioning and unbiased systems of artificial intelligence;
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Points to the need to protect European subcontractors and producers of critical digital components, applications or systems in view of the predatory approach of third-country businesses;
Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Points out that, in the United States, the government has invested massively in new technologies: USD 1 400 billion in 20 years since the inception, in the early 1990s, of Al Gore’s information superhighway plan; points out that, by comparison, the EUR 2 billion investment planned by the Commission in a project on European data spaces and federated cloud infrastructure appears derisory; calls therefore on the Commission to authorise Member State aid to strengthen local or European businesses active in the field of digital data and to put an end to third-country businesses’ monopoly in Europe in this strategic area;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Encourages the Commission to create effective standards in close collaboration with the European standards organisations; considers the use of CEN Workshops Agreement (CSA) in specific areas, such as cloud services, as a way to increase the efficiency of creating harmonised standards; urges the Commission to start the work on developing standards in selected areas such as test methods as soon as possible;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Considers that the European strategy for data must take into account the General Data Protection Regulation while creating a veritable single market for data and ensuring consumer protection in the single market;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. General principles of the Data strategy proposals (Subtitle 2)
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Calls on the Commission to follow the Expert Group report1a recommendations to carry out studies in order to obtain further empirical evidence, including of the macroeconomic and social benefits of B2G data sharing for the public interest; __________________ 1aTowards a European strategy on business-to-government data sharing for the public interest, Final report prepared by the High-Level Expert Group on Business-to-Government Data Sharing, 2020
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 d (new) 1d. Stresses that any strategy or proposal from the Commission should be accompanied by documents which inter alia include best practices, cost-benefit analyses, statistics and quantification of the detailed financial burden on the Union budget, the budgets of the Member States and operational costs for businesses, including SMEs;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 e (new) 1e. Highlights the existing positive examples in B2B and B2G data sharing; calls on the Commission to test its goals using data-sharing pilots and sandboxes; stresses that without proven success, efficiency and value for money of pilot projects, the Union should neither support nor finance any complex project related to the digital transformation, including data sharing;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 f (new) 1f. Asks the Commission to coherently define how new provisions interact with other legal instruments, such as GDPR, the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union and revised rules on open data and the reuse of public-sector information, since their impact on the single market for data is still unknown;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 g (new) 1g. Calls on the Commission to promote sharing of all, not only high- quality data, and to introduce data-quality indicators, to measure consistency, timeliness and content quality;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 i (new) 1i. Asks the Commission to provide an evidence on how many consumers are interested in Personal data spaces;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; calls on the Commission to adopt a cautious approach in order to ensure that consumers should always be able to decide who gets access to their personal data and under what circumstances; believes that citizens’ data could help in developing innovative green solutions and services that would benefit European consumers and companies; asks the Commission to consider how to support data altruism in full compliance with European legislation;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; believes that citizens’ data could help in developing innovative green solutions and services that would benefit European consumers and companies; asks the Commission to consider how to support data altruism in full compliance with European legislation; calls on the Commission to look into the introduction of a digital tax on businesses monetising the collection and exchange of personal data;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; believes that
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; believes that citizens’ data could help in developing innovative green solutions and services that would benefit European consumers and companies; asks the Commission to
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition, while allowing for effective data usability; believes that citizens’ data could help in developing innovative green solutions and services that would benefit European consumers and companies; asks the Commission to consider how to support data altruism in full compliance with European legislation;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; believes that citizens’ data could help in developing innovative
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Urges the Commission to empower consumers to put them in control of their data and to ensure that the single market for data is grounded in European values and fairness in competition; believes that
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Underlines the need to address specific issues that could arise on the control of consumers’ data in particular when the concerned consumers are minors; asks the Commission to clarify the responsibilities for the collection of data and the rules governing consent; furthermore asks the Commission to ensure that the rights of consumers with disabilities are respected at all times and that they can equally benefit from the advantages of the creation of the single market for data;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to create a genuine single market
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Welcomes the announcement of a common European data space for smart circular applications and the ambition of the Commission to develop a digital ‘product passport’ to improve traceability and access to information on a product’s origin, durability, composition, reuse, repair, dismantling possibilities and end- of-life handling; calls for these tools to be developed in close cooperation with the industry, national public authorities, civil society and relevant stakeholders;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Underlines the societal benefits of promoting better access to public-sector data in ways that strengthen their usability across the EU; ensure a timely and effective implementation of the Open Data Directive and promote common formats for high-value datasets to make them combined and analysed from different Member States are essential for a truly harmonised Digital Single Market;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Underlines that mixed data sets that combine personal and non-personal data should generally be subject to the obligations of data controllers and processors and respect the rights of data subjects established by the General Data Protection Regulation, as per the Commission’s guidance on the Regulation on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Reminds that Commission´s Evaluation report on GDPR confirms that the GDPR, together with the Free Flow of Non-Personal Data Regulation ensures the free flow of data within the EU; urges the Commission, to properly describe reasons for the necessity of further legislation on Data spaces in order to avoid unnecessary administrative or regulatory burden;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Considers that the forthcoming Digital Market Act is a prerequisite to develop data portability in fair conditions; underlines that the consent should be explicitly and properly applied; stresses the need to take into account the Database Directive to protect intellectual property rights;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Believes that the current fragmentation of the single market and diverging rules between Member States are hampering the development of a genuine common European data space and calls for effective and coordinated actions to leverage the scale of the EU single market;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Points out that non-pre-filtered raw data input into artificial intelligences may reproduce our societies’ many societal or economic biases, discriminations and inequalities in digital-service provision;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on the Commission and Member State authorities to combat tax evasion and abuses of dominant positions by non-European businesses active on the market for algorithmic systems for personal-data analysis;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Calls for consideration to be given to different models for the taxation of digital businesses in order to prevent across-the-board user surveillance; states that taxing digital businesses according to the volume of data they collect, analyse or store would make it possible to rebalance economic models based on ‘surveillance capitalism’ and to protect consumers;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Considers that ensuring access to data is crucial for citizens but also for our businesses' innovation and growth, especially for start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and welcomes the actions foreseen by the European Commission in its communication to tackle the current lack of data availability;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to create a genuine single market for data as
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Calls on the Commission to assess the environmental impact of data sharing and the infrastructures required to ensure a sustainable deployment of the data strategy in line with the Green Deal;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Asks the Member States to fully implement the Directive on open data and the re-use of public sector information ("Open Data Directive") and the Commission and Member States to promote a culture of wide reuse of available data; furthermore, highlights the need to ensure easy access to data to all relevant institutional and societal actors and to economic operators, especially to SMEs and start-ups, tackling the existing barriers and promoting the use of modern web and API-based services for convenient and fast retrieval, browsing and processing of available data;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the need to create a single European data space with the aim of ensuring the free flow of non-personal data across borders and sectors; underlines the principle of the free flow of non-personal data as imperative for a single market for data, providing a level playing field for data sharing between stakeholders and provide adequate level of detailed permissions; considers that business-to- business (B2B) and business-to- government (B2G) data sharing should
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the need to create
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the need to create a single European data space with the aim of ensuring the free flow of non-personal data across borders and sectors; stresses the importance to extend the flow of data also to third countries, provided that the compliance with the EU data protection legal framework is ensured; underlines the principle of the free flow of non-personal data as imperative for a single market for data, providing a level playing field for data sharing between stakeholders; considers that business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-government (B2G) data sharing should be voluntary, while participation in data spaces should be incentivized, and while mandatory access to data should also be envisaged to remedy potential market failures;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the need to create a single European data space with the aim of ensuring the free flow of non-personal data across
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the need to create a
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls the importance of security and data protection as key elements for data sharing initiatives and the future EU data spaces; highlights that companies must comply with the GDPR in its entirety, including the principles of data minimisation, and data protection by design and by default; welcomes the Commission’s plan to adopt measures to enhance the portability right under Article 20 of the GDPR in its upcoming Data Act; encourages the Commission to facilitate the finalisation of the negotiations on the ePrivacy Regulation in order to ensure future-proof privacy in electronic communications;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to create a genuine single market for data as it will be the backbone of Europe’s data economy, while promoting and protecting European data processing rules and standards, in full compliance with EU legislation; considers that ensuring trust in digital services is fundamental for the digital single market and should be at the heart of both public policy and business models;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Underlines that consistent and adequate mechanisms for international transfer of personal data are essential to allow European companies to operate with secured confidence and legal certainty worldwide; welcomes in this regard the Commission's international approach to minimise the fragmentation of the global digital markets by pushing joint standards and fostering the sharing of data between trusted countries, while protecting and promoting EU's fundamental values and data protection rules;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Underlines that a safe and trusted ecosystem where storing, processing and exchanging data under the highest cybersecurity standards is a precondition for the development of a truly single market for data and for the creation of the new data spaces; recalls that increased connectivity brings about increased cyber threats and welcomes the announced revision of the Directive on security of network and information systems ("NIS Directive") to improve the current EU Cybersecurity legal framework;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Believes that mandatory access to data should also be envisaged to remedy potential market failures and considers in this regard that detailed provisions should be laid down in the upcoming Digital Markets Act; underlines that the proposal for a Digital Market Act should lay down provisions according to which economic entities considered as gatekeepers in the internal market should be required to contribute to data sharing with the relevant stakeholders;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Points out to the substantial concentration of large datasets in the hands of big players, to the detriment of SMEs and start ups, which face major obstacles in accessing data; encourages the Commission to address these market imbalances in order to ensure a level playing field in the Single market for data; welcomes the announced revision of the Database Directive, as it can constitute an opportunity in this regard;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that the infrastructure and technology must be developed and harmonised at the Single Market level; calls on the Commission to undertake the project of an European Single Market infrastructure, analysing the less developed regions and areas in order to ensure the same level of access to the data single market so that no one is left behind;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Emphasises that personal-health data must not be processed or appropriated without the full and informed consent of the person concerned; emphasises that, accordingly, personal-health data protection must be an inalienable right;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls that the European Parliament recommended to the Commission to consider analyses of certain data related measures in recently adopted resolution Digital Services Act: Improving the functioning of the Single Market;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Emphasises how important it is that European citizens’ personal data should preferably be processed in Europe;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls on the Commission to further reflect on the concept of data value;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to create a genuine single market for data
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Stresses that, despite the current high carbon footprint of development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, including automated decisions and machine learning, those technologies can contribute to the reduction of the current environmental footprint of the ICT sector; underlines that these and other properly regulated related technologies should be critical enablers for attaining the goals of the Green Deal, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement in many different sectors and should boost the impact of policies delivering environmental protection, for example policies concerning waste reduction and environmental degradation; calls for the introduction of an EU digital sustainability index based on an analysis of product life cycles;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Emphasises that data transfers to other jurisdictions must always abide by the provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Law Enforcement Directive and other relevant Union legislation, as recently underlined by the CJEU judgment of 16 July 2020 in the Schrems II case, C-311/18, and the recommendations of the European Data Protection Board;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Points to the unique nature of certain personal data, such as health data, children’s data and intimate private data, e.g. sexual preferences or personal photos; stresses that anonymisation of such data should be guaranteed and that storage or analysis thereof outside the European Union should not be authorised;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Stresses the economic and societal importance of easily accessible and free of charge public sector data in the view of their re-use; calls for clear rules for business-to-government (B2G) data sharing, in particular with regards to possible fees to be derived from the costs related to the processing of requests for re-use of data;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Highlights that the Data Act should lay down provisions for the use of high quality and reliable datasets that are essential for the creation of a well- functioning single European data space and as well as for helping the EU companies to develop high quality products and services across the internal market;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Supports the Commission establishing European data spaces for trusted and secure non-personal data sharing to ramp up data flows between businesses, academia, relevant stakeholders and the public sector; stresses the importance of open data and knowledge sharing via open technologies for SMEs;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Urges the Commission to prioritise the need of the investment in the storage capacity of the European Union companies; calls on the Commission to create dedicated financial mechanisms to support the urgent development of the data storage and processing capacities;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Calls on the Commission to pay particular attention to situations where data is co-generated and makes it difficult to identify to whom the data might refer to, which can pose difficulties as to who is entitled to apply data protection rights;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Reminds the protection of data ownership and that data-sharing does not imply that data should be shared for free;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Stresses that an innovative and competitive data economy is built on openness; stresses in this context the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-in for public data collection processes and calls for all Union public procurement processes and funding programmes to include open data access, mandatory interoperability and portability requirements, as well as to promote the use of open-source software and hardware; calls in this context upon the Commission to introduce a ‘European interoperability pledge’;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to create a genuine single market for data as it will be the backbone of Europe’s data economy and EU's competitiveness; considers that ensuring trust in digital services is fundamental for the digital single market and should be at the heart of both public policy and business models;
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Calls on the Member States for an effective implementation of the Regulation on the free flow of non- personal data, with the objective to allow data to be stored and processed everywhere in the EU without unjustified restrictions; recalls that data localisation requirements within the Union are prohibited unless justified on grounds of public security in compliance with the principle of proportionality and reminds that any such existing requirements must be repealed by 30 May 2021;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Encourages the Commission to establish proper mechanisms and the right conditions to make G2B data sharing widely and freely available, in a machine-readable format and through standardised Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); considers that this could include that businesses should only have access to the free data if they pay taxes in EU;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Considers that a Member State should be able to oblige cloud service providers and digital businesses operating in the European Union, whether located in the European Union or in a third country, to provide access to any relevant personal data relating to terrorism, even if stored in a third country;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Calls on the Commission to ensure consistency between the Data Act and the framework for the governance of common European data spaces, on the one hand, and the proposals under the Digital Services Act package on the other;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Asks the Commission to particularly take into consideration the issues of confidentiality and protection of trade secrets in the context of the Data Economy very carefully;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Stresses that enabling sharing and access to essential and well-defined data sets will be key to fully unlock the potential of the Green Deal; calls on the Commission to assess which datasets are essential for the ecological transition in the context of sustainable products and services, inter alia in product manufacturing, transportation, carbon, energy and biodiversity impact, as well as their end-of life handling; calls on the Commission to consider extending the scope of the high value datasets defined in Directive (EU) 2019/1024 on Open Data to private actors;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Regrets that the Commission does not envisage any specific protection for Europeans with critical economic responsibilities against third-country laws such as the US Cloud Act; states that that legislation allows third-country law enforcement authorities to access personal data in connection with criminal investigations that are sometimes conducted on economic competition grounds; states that the strategic impact of such cases is sometimes considerable for European firms, Alstom being a case in point,;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Calls on the Commission and Member States to promote the data- sharing culture, led by example and share their data in the visible, users friendly, transparent and easily automated process;
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Emphasises that market surveillance authorities should have access to all relevant data in order to strengthen their actions and ensure sufficient control of products safety;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 e (new) 3e. Highlights the importance of the central national registers of all G2G and G2B contracts in some Member States; reiterates that user friendly platforms offering the access to all public contracts in one place and data contained in these documents are fundamental not only in order to ensure transparency of public administration but they also serve as a great source of data; stresses that public sector should be an example of efficient and comprehensive data sharing; asks the Commission to prepare a legislative proposal in order to make such practices compulsory in all Member States;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights that information security and privacy is a key challenge in promoting data sharing; reminds the Expert Group report1a findings about the limited trust currently existing between a given private company or civil-society organisation and the public-sector body as it comes to the storage, access and processing of data which further prevents those collaborations from happening; in this respect understands that data providers may not be comfortable to share their data in the absence of the information security and privacy; calls on the Commission to firstly ensure significant improvement of security and privacy during the storage, access and processing of data in the public-sector before introducing a new framework; __________________ 1aTowards a European strategy on business-to-government data sharing for the public interest, Final report prepared by the High-Level Expert Group on Business-to-Government Data Sharing, 2020
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 e (new) 3e. Encourages the Commission to assess possible mechanisms and tools to allow and encourage the donation of data by companies, which can be of public interest while respecting existing European legislation;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 f (new) 3f. Highlights the need to reach a common definition of what shall be considered public interest activities, clear criteria to determine when a data donation is in the public interest and safeguards to avoid that data shared in the public interest ends up being exploited for purely commercial purposes;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the need to
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the need to improve access to European cloud services and to address interoperability issues, including codes of conduct, certification and standards, in a ‘cloud rulebook’; calls on the Commission to facilitate safe common European data spaces, based on a trustworthy and secure infrastructure with strong cybersecurity tools; considers proportionality to be the guiding principle for data quality and interoperability requirements; calls on the Commission to consider promoting existing standards to avoid unnecessary transaction costs and to provide high quality standards for sectors and data spaces of high importance for significant societal challenges
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the need to improve access to European cloud services and to address interoperability issues, including codes of conduct, certification and
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the need to improve access to European cloud services and to address interoperability issues, which now constitute a significant barrier for an effective data sharing, by including codes of conduct, certification and standards, in a ‘cloud rulebook’; considers proportionality to be the guiding principle for data quality and interoperability requirements; calls on the Commission to consider promoting existing standards to avoid unnecessary transaction costs and to provide high quality standards for sectors and data spaces of high importance for significant societal challenges
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the need to improve access to European cloud services and to address interoperability issues, including codes of conduct, certification and standards, in a ‘cloud rulebook’; considers proportionality to be the guiding principle for data quality and interoperability requirements; calls on the Commission to consider promoting existing standards to avoid unnecessary transaction costs, overcome technical challenges, and to provide high quality standards for sectors and data spaces of high importance for significant societal challenges
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Requests the Commission and Member States to work to set up storage and processing architectures for genuinely European data, ensuring that European citizens’ data are processed on European territory in order to guarantee compliance with European provisions on fundamental rights such as fair terms of competition between economic actors; takes the view that a requirement to store and process data on European territory will ensure greater strategic autonomy while facilitating the emergence of both public and private digital-service offerings guaranteeing compliance with European rules;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recognises the rise of the edge computing paradigm, especially considering the ongoing rollout of 5G networks and subsequent business models, and stresses the need to make sure that technical and legal solutions for providing effective access to data on the edge are found; emphasises the urgent need to address the emerging cybersecurity and data interoperability challenges that the unprecedented scale and the distributed nature of edge computing brings along, including the challenges in machine authentication, data provenance, privacy, and integrity;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that any legislative proposals related to data should be based on an in-depth impact assessment to avoid unnecessary administrative or regulatory burden that could hamper the emergence of high-tech unicorns, start-ups and SMEs in Europe in order to unleash their potential at the global scale; invites therefore the European Commission to come forward with comparative analysis of regulatory environment in third countries;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Underlines the important need to develop a cyber-secure and dynamic cloud ecosystem in Europe in order to deliver a successful and competitive Digital Single Market; encourages the Commission to develop a coherent cloud rulebook that takes into consideration the work of the Working Group on Switching Cloud providers and data porting (SWIPO) and seeks to ensure that customers can choose their cloud services providers as well as retrieve, transfer and move data to other clouds in a free and secure manner;
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the importance of the availability of some personal data for the research and policy making in domains like public health, pharmaceutical, social services, education and others, therefore calls on the Commission to create clear mechanisms for gathering these data in an unitary way and for the availability of the data f3or all the stakeholders in the Single Market in accordance with the European privacy standards making sure that the data cannot be linked to specific persons;
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Promotes secure, responsible use of data to build trust by working with other stakeholders to provide clear, concrete guidance on using shared data consistent with the GDPR; Supporting the use of privacy-enhancing technologies and robust security standards are essential to enable organisations to derive value from datasets that contain personal data in ways that do not put data protection at risk;
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Welcomes the establishment of a European Cloud Federation, a European network of cloud infrastructures; stresses however that the freedom to opt for a non- European cloud service provider should remain unlimited for European businesses and consumers except for legitimate grounds such as risk to national security;
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Underlines the need to promote the most cost-effective cloud service solution in the Union regardless of their origin, highlights that both private and public sectors rely mostly on already existing cloud services provided by well- established global private companies in third countries;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Reminds that according to the first evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases, the introduction of a new “sui generis right” has led to a decrease in the production of European produced databases; therefore encourages the Commission to repeal Directive 96/9/EC;
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Considers that data is an essential element and resource of the European economy, which must be harnessed and to which European companies, including SMEs should have access, in compliance with the rules in force regarding data protection;
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Points out that the development of a European industrial and technological base requires the introduction of a European preference for local or European production in digital procurement in Europe;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Points out that the most efficient way of reducing bias in data based systems is by ensuring that the maximum of non-personal data is available to train them, for which it is necessary to limit any unnecessary barrier to text-and-data mining, and to facilitate cross-border uses; notes in addition that public domain or freely licensed data are often used by AI and machine learning developers when selecting training data, both for ease of access and to avoid potential infringement liability exposure, which creates a particular form of selection bias in training data, which can often lead to other forms of more harmful bias in results; emphasises the need to address remaining uncertainties related to the legal performance of text and data mining that developers may still face;
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Considers that any authorisation by a contracting authority for economic operators from countries outside the European Union or the European Economic Area to participate in a procedure for the award of digital contracts, such as for cloud services, must take into account, inter alia, the imperatives of information and supply security, the safeguarding of defence and state security interests, the interest in developing a European digital industrial and technological base, and reciprocity requirements;
source: 660.338
2020/11/23
JURI
277 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A (new) A. whereas ‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person; whereas an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.1a _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), Article 4(1).
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph -1 (new) -1. – having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Chater), – having regard to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)1a, – having regard to the Directive for Data Protection by Law Enforcement Authorities (Law Enforcement Directive, LED),2a - having regard to the Directive on Privacy in Electronic Communications (ePrivacy Directive)3a; – having regard to the Regulation on Free Flow of Non-Personal Data4a, – having regard to the Directive on Open Data and the re-use of Public Sector Information (Open Data Directive)5a, _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p.1–88, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj 2aDirective (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA, OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p.89– 131, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/680/oj 3aDirective 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (ePrivacy Directive), OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p.37–47, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2002/58/oj 4aRegulation (EU) 2018/1807 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union (Text with EEA relevance.), OJ L 303, 28.11.2018, p.59– 68, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1807/oj 5aDirective (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re- use of public sector information, OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 56–83, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/1024/oj
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A (new) A. whereas ‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person; whereas an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.1a _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), Article 4(1).
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Calls on the Commission to include Article 16 TFEU as legal basis in its upcoming Data Governance Act and Data Act and develop clear measures in this pieces of legislation that build and align with the existing legislations for the protection of fundamental rights, in particular the General Data Protection Regulation;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Stresses that the lawful use, access to or sharing of non-personal data in one Member State should have a cross-border effect, in view of accelerating the development of innovative data spaces within the EU able to compete worldwide; believes that such ‘mutual recognition’ of legal flexibilities can ensure legal certainty for EU innovators, including SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Stresses that the lawful use, access to or sharing of non-personal data in one Member State should have a cross-border effect, in view of accelerating the development of innovative data spaces within the EU able to compete worldwide; believes that such ‘mutual recognition’ of legal flexibilities can ensure legal certainty for EU innovators, including SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation, such as the US CLOUD Act or 2017 China’s National Intelligence Law, might lead to legal uncertainty and disadvantages for Union residents and businesses and whether any action is needed in this regard.
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation, such as the US CLOUD Act or 2017 China’s National Intelligence Law, might lead to legal uncertainty and disadvantages for Union residents and businesses and whether any action is needed in this regard.
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation, such as the US CLOUD Act,
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation, such as the US CLOUD Act,
Amendment 104 #
14a. Highlights that it would be impossible to fully exploit the potential of the data economy without ensuring an adequate level of knowledge and skills in data management for the law enforcement and judicial administration staff; notes that digital skills play a crucial role in the process of digitisation of the justice system in all Member States; stresses that this process faces many barriers when it comes to the effective and secure collection, processing and exchange of digital data;
Amendment 104 #
14a. Highlights that it would be impossible to fully exploit the potential of the data economy without ensuring an adequate level of knowledge and skills in data management for the law enforcement and judicial administration staff; notes that digital skills play a crucial role in the process of digitisation of the justice system in all Member States; stresses that this process faces many barriers when it comes to the effective and secure collection, processing and exchange of digital data;
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. States that the Commission should further evaluate changes to the existing legal frameworks in civil procedure law in order to reduce existing investment obstacles for private investors; calls on the Commission, in this regard, to promptly and adequately follow up on Parliament's resolution on common minimum Standards of civil procedure (2015/2084(INL));
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. States that the Commission should further evaluate changes to the existing legal frameworks in civil procedure law in order to reduce existing investment obstacles for private investors; calls on the Commission, in this regard, to promptly and adequately follow up on Parliament's resolution on common minimum Standards of civil procedure (2015/2084(INL));
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitalisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy; underlines that choosing
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Stresses the importance of data for research and innovation, as well as for individuals and societies that increasingly rely on the ready access to accurate information; recalls that the access to information is a fundamental right; calls on the Commission to remove unnecessary legal barriers to data access;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitalisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy; underlines that choosing
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Underlines that personal data is being generated at exponential rates and stresses that personal data is of paramount importance for future economic growth and development; stresses that the generation of industrial data and personal data will become increasingly co-dependent;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Notes how sharing practices, ecosystems and irresponsible, illegal or unethical data processing encourage problematic behaviour; is concerned about the proliferation of these practices and underlines how these types of business models can have very intrusive and negative effects, not only on individuals and their fundamental rights, but on societies as a whole; stresses that such practices and strategies would undermine citizens’ trust in EU data systems; calls, therefore, on the Commission to ensure the leading role EU is set to achieve in the data economy is based on the solid legal foundations laid by the GDPR, the Police Directive and the ePrivacy Directive;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy; underlines that choosing
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Stresses that ignoring the economic potential of personal data and focusing predominantly on industrial data will deprive Europe and its citizens of a tremendous asset and strengthen the dominance and lock-in effects of platforms relying on personal data;
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy; underlines that choosing
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Believes that the data strategy should also help to establish the required legal certainty and technical structures, while also giving an incentive to the European industry to make better use of the large amounts of available but unutilized data, thus leading to more economic growth, innovation and jobs across Europe;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Recalls that data sets can recreate and reinforce existing bias in society; warns of the potential for discrimination and misuse;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Believes that the data strategy should also help to establish the required legal certainty and technical structures, while also giving an incentive to the European industry to make better use of the large amounts of available but unutilized data, thus leading to more economic growth, innovation and jobs across Europe;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements; strongly recommends the establishment of a ‘Buy European Act’ requiring a minimum threshold of European digital materials, devices or services to be complied with in connection with public procurement;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1 c. Points out that the most efficient way of reducing bias in data based systems is by ensuring that the maximum of non-personal data is available to train them, for which it is necessary to limit any unnecessary barrier to text-and-data mining, and to facilitate cross-border uses; notes that public domain and freely licensed open data are often used by AI and machine learning developers when selecting training data, both for ease of access and to avoid potential infringement liability exposure, which creates a particular form of selection bias in training data, which can often lead to other forms of more harmful bias in results; points out that such a situation calls for increased flexibility for the use of IPR protected data in order to make AI and machine learning less biased and more in line with ethical standards, with the ultimate goal of better serving humanity;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls for public procurement processes and funding programmes to include data access and interoperability requirements; strongly recommends the establishment of a ‘Buy European Act’ requiring a minimum threshold of European digital materials, devices or services to be complied with in connection with public procurement;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that increasing the level of data exchange between private and public entities is an essential factor in creating new products and services, improving the quality of public services in all areas and strengthening the competitiveness of European businesses in the global marketplace;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1 c. Urges the Commission to expand its data strategy to define and propose a framework through which European citizens are enabled and empowered to benefit from their personal data, including a paradigmatic shift from informed consent on the use of personal data to ownership, guaranteed protection, and informed consent of temporary and revocable use in exchange for economic benefits;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that increasing the level of data exchange between private and public entities is an essential factor in creating new products and services, improving the quality of public services in all areas and strengthening the competitiveness of European businesses in the global marketplace;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Takes the view that biometric and health data, given their specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as the potential misuses thereof, should be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 d (new) 1 d. Highlights in particular the relevance of data held and produced by governments and the public sector; calls on Member States to promote the creation of data based on the principle of ‘open by design and by default’ to facilitate the access to and re-use of public sector information; calls on Member States to swiftly transpose the Open Data Directive;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Takes the view that biometric and health data, given their specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as the potential misuses thereof, should be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Takes the view that health is a particularly sensitive sector for the processing of personal data; takes the view that AI will undoubtedly benefit society in that sector, but entails risks that justify strict supervision and regulation; takes the view that digital health must not pave the way for the dehumanisation of care; takes the view moreover that the digital divide, if not bridged, is likely to contribute significantly to the spread of medical deserts in Europe;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Emphasises that data transfers to other jurisdictions must always abide by the provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) and other relevant Union legislation, as recently underlined by the CJEU judgment of 16 July 2020 in the Schrems II case, C-311/18, and the recommendations of the European Data Protection Board;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Takes the view that health is a particularly sensitive sector for the processing of personal data; takes the view that AI will undoubtedly benefit society in that sector, but entails risks that justify strict supervision and regulation; takes the view that digital health must not pave the way for the dehumanisation of care; takes the view moreover that the digital divide, if not bridged, is likely to contribute significantly to the spread of medical deserts in Europe;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital B (new) Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph -1 (new) Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital B (new) Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Takes the view that personal health data must remain the property of the patient; takes the view that no information concerning a patient's health should be communicated without the patient's full and informed consent; takes the view that personal health data, because of its extremely sensitive nature, must be scrupulously protected; takes the view that the highest cybersecurity standards must be established for those networks;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Emphasises, especially in the context of data flows, that data transfers to other jurisdictions must always abide by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) and other relevant Union legislation; reiterates that international transfers of personal data must first comply with all the principles of the GDPR or of the LED prior to any transfer;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Takes the view that personal health data must remain the property of the patient; takes the view that no information concerning a patient's health should be communicated without the patient's full and informed consent; takes the view that personal health data, because of its extremely sensitive nature, must be scrupulously protected; takes the view that the highest cybersecurity standards must be established for those networks;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 d (new) 2d. Underlines the specific nature of the health sector; considers that citizens should have secure access to a comprehensive electronic record of data concerning their health and that they should retain control over personal data concerning their health and be able to share it securely with authorised third parties, while unauthorised access should be prohibited, in accordance with data protection legislation; states furthermore that data should be stored on secure local servers and processed by independent bodies;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Emphasises that data transfers to other jurisdictions must always abide by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) and other relevant Union legislation and can only be done if there is an essentially equivalent level of data protection;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 d (new) 2d. Underlines the specific nature of the health sector; considers that citizens should have secure access to a comprehensive electronic record of data concerning their health and that they should retain control over personal data concerning their health and be able to share it securely with authorised third parties, while unauthorised access should be prohibited, in accordance with data protection legislation; states furthermore that data should be stored on secure local servers and processed by independent bodies;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 e (new) 2e. Stresses that insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use data from e-health applications for the purpose of discriminating in the setting of prices;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Emphasises that data transfers to other jurisdictions must always abide by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) and other relevant Union legislation, and be used solely for the purpose for which the data has been collected;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 e (new) 2e. Stresses that insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use data from e-health applications for the purpose of discriminating in the setting of prices;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 f (new) 2f. Notes that the access, the sharing and the re-use as well as data analytics are already today essential for many data- driven products and services but will be absolutely crucial for the development and deployment of emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, fibre, 5G, 6G, quantum and edge computing, blockchain and high-performance computing;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Emphasises that
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 f (new) 2f. Notes that the access, the sharing and the re-use as well as data analytics are already today essential for many data- driven products and services but will be absolutely crucial for the development and deployment of emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, fibre, 5G, 6G, quantum and edge computing, blockchain and high-performance computing;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 g (new) 2g. Underlines that the COVID-19 crisis is the most recent event, highlighting the importance of access to data, cross-border data exchanges as well as quality and traceability of data; points out that missing common data bases and lacking interoperability between national systems are still compromising an effective European strategy against the virus;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Underlines that all data rights under the GDPR apply no matter which legal basis for processing is used; considers that these rights cannot be interpreted in a restrictive manner;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 g (new) 2g. Underlines that the COVID-19 crisis is the most recent event, highlighting the importance of access to data, cross-border data exchanges as well as quality and traceability of data; points out that missing common data bases and lacking interoperability between national systems are still compromising an effective European strategy against the virus;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 h (new) 2h. Calls for a ban throughout the EU on the deployment of live facial recognition systems for law enforcement agencies and on the use of automated recognition, in public spaces, of other human characteristics such as gait, fingerprints, DNA, voice and other biometric and behavioural signals;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the processing of personal data, including its transfer, must always comply with Union data protection acquis; emphasises, in this respect, the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the Commission, especially in the case of smart connected products; recalls, in this context, that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked, are always treated as personal data; warns of the potential for misuse where highly sensitive personal data such as the special categories of data under Article 9 of the GDPR, or electronic communications content and metadata in the scope of the ePrivacy Directive, are concerned; Stresses that in line with the GDPR principle of purpose limitation, the sharing of data shall be limited to non- personal, e.g. industrial or commercial data, or securely and effectively anonymized personal data, including in mixed data sets;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 h (new) 2h. Calls for a ban throughout the EU on the deployment of live facial recognition systems for law enforcement agencies and on the use of automated recognition, in public spaces, of other human characteristics such as gait, fingerprints, DNA, voice and other biometric and behavioural signals;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 i (new) 2i. Stresses that biases inherent in underlying datasets are inclined to gradually increase and amplify existing discrimination, in particular for persons belonging to minority ethnic groups or racialised communities; takes the view that such an effect is unacceptable, in particular in the area of law enforcement;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 i (new) 2i. Stresses that biases inherent in underlying datasets are inclined to gradually increase and amplify existing discrimination, in particular for persons belonging to minority ethnic groups or racialised communities; takes the view that such an effect is unacceptable, in particular in the area of law enforcement;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 j (new) 2j. whereas the digital sector is currently responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions; whereas the greenhouse effect and the strong increase in use suggest that that carbon footprint will double by 2025;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the processing of personal data, including its transfer, must always comply with Union data protection acquis; emphasises, in this respect, the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the Commission, especially in the case of smart connected products; recalls, in this context, that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked, are always treated as personal data; stresses that, in such instances, citizens should be systemically enabled to benefit from their co-generation of personal data and their ownership of such data should be automatically protected;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 j (new) 2j. whereas the digital sector is currently responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions; whereas the greenhouse effect and the strong increase in use suggest that that carbon footprint will double by 2025;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 k (new) 2k. whereas data localisation in the EU represents an important step towards strategic autonomy; whereas relocation of data centres in Europe should be encouraged;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the processing of personal data, including its transfer, must always comply with Union data protection acquis and any future sectoral or fit-for- purpose legislation needs to respect it; emphasises, in this respect, the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the Commission, especially in the case of smart connected products and wearables; recalls, in this context, that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 k (new) 2k. whereas data localisation in the EU represents an important step towards strategic autonomy; whereas relocation of data centres in Europe should be encouraged;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and avoid unnecessary legal and administrative burdens for research, civil society, small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, and should be combined with concrete measures, guidance, private-
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the processing and storage of personal data, including its transfer, must always comply with Union data protection acquis; emphasises, in this respect, the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the Commission, especially in the case of smart connected products; recalls, in this context, that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked, are always treated as personal data;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and avoid unnecessary legal and administrative burdens for research, civil society, small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, and should be combined with concrete measures, guidance, private-
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital C (new) C. whereas data sets can be composed of both personal and non-personal data; whereas where personal and non- personal data in a data set are inextricably linked, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 applies.1a _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2018/1807 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union, Article 2(2).
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph -1 a (new) -1 a. A. whereas the protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data is a fundamental right; whereas Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) and Article 16(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide that everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her.
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital C (new) C. whereas data sets can be composed of both personal and non-personal data; whereas where personal and non- personal data in a data set are inextricably linked, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 applies.1a _________________ 1aRegulation (EU) 2018/1807 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union, Article 2(2).
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and, while safeguarding the best interests of EU citizens, avoid unnecessary administrative burdens for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, and should be combined with concrete measures, guidance, private- public codes of conduct and programmes, strong investments, and, if necessary, new sector-specific laws;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Expresses its caution about the use of undefined concepts of “re-use” of data and “data altruism”; calls on the Commission to clearly define these concepts and make them compliant with well-established data protection principles such as purpose limitation, which requires that data is processed for "specified, explicit and legitimate purposes”;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and, while safeguarding the best interests of EU citizens, avoid unnecessary administrative burdens for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, and should be combined with concrete measures, guidance, private- public codes of conduct and programmes, strong investments, and, if necessary, new sector-specific laws;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Highlights the ever-increasing importance of the supervisory work of the National Data Protection Supervisory Authorities (DPAs) and calls for the Member States to ensure the adequate funding and resources of their DPAs;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Data spaces Underlines that the trust of the individuals can only be gained by safe and secure dataspace structures that fully respect their fundamental rights, thus ensuring legal certainty, the uptake of services, as well as the competitive advantages and stable business models for companies;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly EU legal framework, which should be proportionate and
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that the EU's priority should primarily be to create effective financial and legal incentives for private entities to make their data available on a voluntary basis; stresses that the establishment of mandatory access to data should only take place in specific cases justified by an essential public interest;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3 c. Underlines the legal hierarchy of protection of personal data specifically in the consideration of allowing the creation of personal data intermediaries, or personal data spaces; Highlights here the principles provided for by the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive and calls for these principles to be at the heart of any such projects; underlines that such data spaces should be developed from the onset, established and used in line with the principles of data protection by design and data protection by default and implement strong security measures;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that the EU's priority should primarily be to create effective financial and legal incentives for private entities to make their data available on a voluntary basis; stresses that the establishment of mandatory access to data should only take place in specific cases justified by an essential public interest;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3 d. Reminds, in the context of Common European Health Data Space, that regardless of these being considered high-value datasets, the processing of special categories of personal data (like biometric, genetic and health data), is in principle prohibited, with certain strict exceptions, carrying specific processing rules and always carries the obligation to conduct a data protection impact assessment; Highlights the potentially disastrous and irreversible consequences of wrongful or unsecure processing of sensitive data to the individuals concerned;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Urges the Commission, prior to any initiatives, to perform an in-depth evaluation and mapping of the existing legislation to assess whether adjustments or additional requirements are needed to support the EU data industry, but also the open data economy, as well as the projected ecological footprint resulting from the technology and regulations, and safeguard fair competition for all affected actors and to avoid legal overlaps with potential upcoming legislation to implement the Data Strategy;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that data spaces for public administrations, specifically data use for improving law enforcement in the EU, must fully respect EU law, including the principle of proportionality and data protection and privacy rules; highlights the potential to improve the quality of law enforcement and to counter bias where it may exist, by gathering reliable data and making them available to the public, civil society, and independent experts;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Urges the Commission, prior to any initiatives, to perform an in-depth evaluation and mapping of the existing legislation to assess whether adjustments or additional requirements are needed to support the EU data industry, but also the open data economy, as well as the projected ecological footprint resulting from the technology and regulations, and safeguard fair competition for all affected actors and to avoid legal overlaps with potential upcoming legislation to implement the Data Strategy;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Urges the Commission, prior to any legislative initiative
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that data spaces for public administrations, specifically data use for improving law enforcement in the EU, must fully respect EU law, including the principle of proportionality and data protection and privacy rules; ; underlines that, for public authorities, the use of personal data and artificial intelligence should be allowed only with strict democratic oversight and with additional safeguards against their misuse;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Urges the Commission, prior to any legislative initiative
Amendment 37 #
4a. Maintains that, since many citizens and entities like SMEs and start- ups often lack the necessary know-how, human and financial resources, the Commission should continue to develop initiatives like the Support Centre for Data Sharing to help them to act effectively when it comes to the access to, sharing and use of data;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that Common European data
Amendment 37 #
4a. Maintains that, since many citizens and entities like SMEs and start- ups often lack the necessary know-how, human and financial resources, the Commission should continue to develop initiatives like the Support Centre for Data Sharing to help them to act effectively when it comes to the access to, sharing and use of data;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the need for consultations and impact assessments prior to legislative proposals, in order to identify possible negative consequences for market participants, notably SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that data sharing between Member States in the areas of justice and home affairs through the European information systems (SIS, VIS, Eurodac, ETIAS, SES, ECRIS) is a key asset in strengthening the security of European citizens and improving the control and protection capacity at the EU’s internal and external borders, the implementation of asylum and migration policy and the fight against terrorism and crime;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the need for consultations and impact assessments prior to legislative proposals, in order to identify possible negative consequences for market participants, notably SMEs and start-ups;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that an ambitious regulatory framework can stimulate innovation in the AI sector by setting clear limits and standards, in particular for SMEs;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Highlights that any access by law enforcement to public or privately held personal data in data spaces needs to be based on EU and member state law, be strictly limited to what is necessary and proportionate and be coupled with adequate safeguards; stresses that any further processing of personal data must fully respect EU data protection law;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that an ambitious regulatory framework can stimulate innovation in the AI sector by setting clear limits and standards, in particular for SMEs;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital D (new) D. whereas there are a number of ongoing investigations in Member States into abuse of dominant positions by the GAFAM; whereas there are serious concerns about the data collected by Google and Amazon via their applications;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph -1 c (new) -1 c B. whereas the access to information is a fundamental right, recognised in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Charter) that provides that everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital D (new) D. whereas there are a number of ongoing investigations in Member States into abuse of dominant positions by the GAFAM; whereas there are serious concerns about the data collected by Google and Amazon via their applications;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Takes the view that EU data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increased complexity and interconnection of medical robots that may be required to handle highly sensitive personal information and medical data;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4 b. Underlines the limitations of certain types of AI applications designed for the judiciary, the so called “legal tech”; highlights in this juncture the potentially grave adverse consequences, specifically in the area of law enforcement and justice, when individuals overly trust in the seemingly objective and scientific nature of AI tools and fail to consider the possibility of their results being incorrect, incomplete, irrelevant or discriminatory; Reminds that the final legal decisions need to be made at the sovereign discretion of judges on a case- by-case basis;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Takes the view that EU data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increased complexity and interconnection of medical robots that may be required to handle highly sensitive personal information and medical data;
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Considers the operational implementation of the interoperability of information systems by 2022-2023, in line with the deadlines laid down in European legislation, to be a priority in the context of a Security Union and the reform of asylum and migration policy; considers it essential to allocate appropriate financial resources to eu-LISA in order to build a robust and secure IT infrastructure for data sharing between Member States’ police and judicial authorities and EU agencies;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4 c. Data rights - empowering the individual Underlines that individuals should have full ownership of their data and be further assisted in enforcing their data protection and privacy rights regarding the data they generate; Highlights that the technical competence of the vast majority of individuals to understand and navigate the complexity of the data ecosystems in which they are embedded is inconsistent, as is their ability to identify what data, including metadata, they actually generate, especially in real-time, i.e. through connected appliances and wearables;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses, especially for SMEs and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Stresses that Europol plays a crucial role as a centre for the exchange and analysis of information on criminal activities between the Member States' law enforcement authorities; notes that in recent years a large volume of data has been transferred by the Member States to Europol, which calls for changes in the agency’s legislative framework and mandate to ensure stronger safeguards over how it processes, uses and manages personal information and data;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses, especially for SMEs and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the right to data portability and the data subject's access rights provided for by the GDPR; warns of the dangers of a lock in-effect, particularly in sensitive sectors, when these rights are not properly enforced; calls on the Commission and Member States to further improve individuals’ access to effective remedies under the GDPR; expects the upcoming Data Act to support the enjoyment and meaningful exercise of these rights;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses, especially for SMEs and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the right to data portability and the data access, rectification and erasure rights provided for by the GDPR; warns of the dangers of a lock in-effect, particularly in sensitive sectors, when these rights are not properly enforced; expects the upcoming Data Act to support the enjoyment of these rights;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for EU businesses, especially for SMEs and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Asks the Commission and Member States to ensure that the new data strategy will contribute to a speedy implementation of the Directive on Open Data making public sector and publicly funded data re- usable; considers that, to facilitate that, Member States should be encouraged to communicate best practices among each other;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Is concerned about platforms and services that deliberately lock in their users to that specific platform, thus amplifying their dominant market power and their ability to profile their users even more thoroughly, creating extremely invasive and revealing profiles of their users; calls therefore on the Commission to guarantee the interoperability and data portability of digital services; considers in this regard the application programming interfaces(APIs), enabling a user to interconnect between platforms thus increasing their options to choose between different kinds of systems and services;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Asks the Commission and Member States to ensure that the new data strategy will contribute to a speedy implementation of the Directive on Open Data making public sector and publicly funded data re- usable; considers that, to facilitate that, Member States should be encouraged to communicate best practices among each other;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Requests the Commission to evaluate the impact, in particular the increased financial burden, of the prerequisite of requiring open access to publicly funded research data on research institutions, as the important requirements for open access should not result in a drain on publicly funded research in Europe;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Calls for easy and robust anonymisation, and, where not possible, pseudonymisation systems to be deployed in instances where individuals, who wish to do so, would allow the data they generate, which is always to be considered personal data, to be used for public good (so called “data altruism”); Highlights that individuals should not be pressured to do so, but the actions would truly be based on altruism and could not be tied to direct benefits or advantages for the ones who would choose to allow the use of their personal data;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Requests the Commission to evaluate the impact, in particular the increased financial burden, of the prerequisite of requiring open access to publicly funded research data on research institutions, as the important requirements for open access should not result in a drain on publicly funded research in Europe;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5 c. Underlines that any use of aggregated personal data from social media sources, needs to either comply with the GDPR, or truly be irreversibly anonymised;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary non-personal data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors, that either monetise the participation of non-personal data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes,
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 d (new) 5 d. Cybersecurity and secure identification Emphasises the importance of cybersecurity based on international law and the agreed norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace in order for digital ecosystems to provide their full benefits to individuals, businesses and societies; notes the urgent need for Member States to take coordinated action to ensure basic cyber hygiene;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary non-personal data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors, that either monetise the participation of non-personal data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes,
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital E (new) E. whereas only public authorities have the means to undertake a large-scale transition to a data economy; whereas the current digital giants have all benefited from the support of the US Administration and the Chinese State through huge tax incentives or subsidies; whereas European values can enable European public authorities to plan this transition in a fair and redistributive way for businesses and territories;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Calls on the Commission to base its data strategy on the principles of conferring well-being and benefit on citizens
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital E (new) E. whereas only public authorities have the means to undertake a large-scale transition to a data economy; whereas the current digital giants have all benefited from the support of the US Administration and the Chinese State through huge tax incentives or subsidies; whereas European values can enable European public authorities to plan this transition in a fair and redistributive way for businesses and territories;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors, that either monetise the participation of data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes, will further accelerate the development of the EU data economy; calls on the Commission to further reflect on the concept of data value, as well as to better define and lay down the scope of "data altruism";
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls for strong practical measures, such as an obligatory cyber certification framework, to ensure the security, confidentiality and hosting of personal data and to prevent data leaks;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors, that either monetise the participation of data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes, will further accelerate the development of the EU data economy; calls on the Commission to further reflect on the concept of data value, as well as to better define and lay down the scope of "data altruism";
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that mutually beneficial, fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Recalls the need for a comprehensive protection and safety policy for children within the digital environment. Calls in this regard on the Commission to take all the necessary measures and to include specific safeguards for children in the strategy;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. States that mutually beneficial, fair, simple, intelligible, secure, interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other, and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling, as well as more guidance for businesses on competition law matters from the Commission, are needed; expects the upcoming Digital Markets Act proposal of the Commission to address those issues; furthermore, stresses the need for the Commission to monitor any market failures and to take adequate action, if and where necessary, including to consider using mandatory access to data as a remedy;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Expresses its caution over the reliance on anonymisation as a technique to protect personal data given its known limitation; underlines the technical experts' conclusions that full anonymisation is practically impossible to achieve;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other, and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling, as well as more guidance for businesses on competition law matters from the Commission, are needed; expects the upcoming Digital Markets Act proposal of the Commission to address those issues; furthermore, stresses the need for the Commission to monitor any market failures and to take adequate action, if and where necessary, including to consider using mandatory access to data as a remedy;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Recalls that any measures to be developed in the upcoming Data Governance Act and Data Act that involve processing of personal data must be subject to the supervision of data protection authorities following the conditions set forth under the GDPR, in order to ensure that innovation promoted also considers impact on citizen’s rights;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power and between the concerned parties; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6 c. Considers that the composition of the European Data Innovation Board is of crucial importance for the extent to which compliance with fundamental rights is upheld; calls therefore on the Commission to create a balanced composition with equal representation from industry, NGOs and consumer groups, and academia;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power and between the concerned parties; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power, especially regarding access to data and the use thereof by small and medium-sized enterprises; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other, and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling, as well as more guidance for businesses on competitiveness and competition law matters from the Commission, are needed;
Amendment 56 #
6 d. Calls on the Commission to increase funding for the developments of privacy-protection products and services in the EU for the Data Strategy to deliver benefits to EU citizens and promote innovation that respect and promote human rights;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power, especially regarding access to data and the use thereof by small and medium-sized enterprises; underlines that a single European data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other, and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling, as well as more guidance for businesses on competitiveness and competition law matters from the Commission, are needed;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission to assess the possibility of defining
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Considers that questions of ownership and control to access of data are often out of reach for SMEs while having an high economic impact; stresses that to solve this issue, public and private actors should have access to platform environment where they could pool their data in conditions acceptable for data providers; underlines that such environment would lower the risks and costs to data sharing and pooling including by bearing the costs of legal, security, technical and compliances issues within a centralised environment;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Council conclusions of October 2020 on the development of a Union-wide framework for secure public electronic identification (e-ID); strongly believes that a framework of t
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Considers that questions of ownership and control to access of data are often out of reach for SMEs while having an high economic impact; stresses that to solve this issue, public and private actors should have access to platform environment where they could pool their data in conditions acceptable for data providers; underlines that such environment would lower the risks and costs to data sharing and pooling including by bearing the costs of legal, security, technical and compliances issues within a centralised environment;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Welcomes the results of the Commission's cooperation with the Member States on increasing the supply of high-value datasets in the common European data space within the framework of the Committee on open data and the re-use of public sector information; encourages the Commission to prepare a cost-benefit analysis of the extension of the list of data sets made available free of charge and without restrictions to further areas with the highest potential for use in innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Council conclusions of October 2020 on the development of a Union-wide framework for secure public electronic identification (e-ID); strongly believes that a framework of this type would allow for the safer cross-border provision of services that require personal identification
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Welcomes the results of the Commission's cooperation with the Member States on increasing the supply of high-value datasets in the common European data space within the framework of the Committee on open data and the re-use of public sector information; encourages the Commission to prepare a cost-benefit analysis of the extension of the list of data sets made available free of charge and without restrictions to further areas with the highest potential for use in innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; stresses that the creation of a single European data space is key to ensuring the
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Calls on the Commission to base its data strategy on the principles of conferring well-being
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; stresses that the creation of a single European data space is key to ensuring the
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; stresses the need to identify common standards of data quality, authenticity and integrity so that their value can be properly exploited, especially for the purposes of AI deployment;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Council conclusions of October 2020 on the development of a Union-wide framework for secure public electronic identification (e-ID); strongly believes that a framework of this type would allow for the safer cross-border
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; stresses the need to identify common standards of data quality, authenticity and integrity so that their value can be properly exploited, especially for the purposes of AI deployment;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common cross-sector standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner without leaving any gaps in that regard to be filled by the economic entities with significant market power that operate across sectors; highlights the importance of open, non- proprietary standards to ensure a high degree of interoperability;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common cross-sector standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner without leaving any gaps in that regard to be filled by the economic entities with significant market power that operate across sectors; highlights the importance of open, non- proprietary standards to ensure a high degree of interoperability;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; calls on the Member States to ensure access to public information and high-quality data held by public authorities, notably in the area of justice, without prejudice to the Regulation on general data protection and the ePrivacy Directive;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 – point 1 (new) (1) Emphasises that personal health data must not be processed or appropriated without the full and informed consent of the person concerned; emphasises that, accordingly, personal health data protection must be an inalienable right.
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; calls on the Member States to ensure access to public information and high-quality data held by public authorities, notably in the area of justice, without prejudice to the Regulation on general data protection and the ePrivacy Directive;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; considers that such standards should be developed in consultation with civil society stakeholders, under the umbrella of international non-for-profit fora;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Stresses that the only way for digital services to achieve their full potential is to enable users to be identified unambiguously in an equivalent manner to offline services; notes that online identification can be improved by enforcing eIDAS Regulation’s cross- border interoperability of electronic identifications across the European Union; reminds that Member States and European institutions have to guarantee that the electronic identifications are secure, enable data minimisation and comply with all other aspects of the GDPR;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; considers that such standards should be developed in consultation with civil society stakeholders, under the umbrella of international non-for-profit fora;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; calls for common, uniform and structured European guidelines for data formats, which should be machine-readable and based on open standards of recording;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Calls on the Commission to expand its efforts to secure increasing data flows with likeminded global partners, including across the Atlantic in the context of a revised and upgraded Privacy Shield framework, based on shared values and full respect for fundamental rights;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based, industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; calls for common, uniform and structured European guidelines for data formats, which should be machine-readable and based on open standards of recording;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Welcomes a strong approach to encourage interoperability and - connectivity of databases to prevent market power based on the concentrations of data;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Believes that open source technology promotes the mutually beneficial collaboration between businesses while guaranteeing transparency and public scrutiny, thereby providing the high level of trust needed to engage in data sharing; further notes that open source technology can play a significant role in ensuring Europe’s digital sovereignty; considers therefore that the uptake of open source technology should be actively encouraged and promoted by the Commission, particularly through effective permanent funding facilities;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Asks the Commission to promote best practice anonymization techniques, and to further promote research into de- anonymisation and how to counter it.
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Believes that open source technology promotes the mutually beneficial collaboration between businesses while guaranteeing transparency and public scrutiny, thereby providing the high level of trust needed to engage in data sharing; further notes that open source technology can play a significant role in ensuring Europe’s digital sovereignty; considers therefore that the uptake of open source technology should be actively encouraged and promoted by the Commission, particularly through effective permanent funding facilities;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Notes the need for a coherent definition of machine-to-machine communication, which is essential for the dissemination, implementation and development of solutions using IoT technology and strengthening the potential of edge computing;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7 b. Is of the opinion there is great potential for data sharing for research purposes; Welcomes thus the Commission's proposal to encourage data altruism for the public interest; Calls on the Commission to ensure personal data is utmost protected and this sharing will not lead to any data breaches;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Notes the need for a coherent definition of machine-to-machine communication, which is essential for the dissemination, implementation and development of solutions using IoT technology and strengthening the potential of edge computing;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between the legal regimes concerning personal and non-personal data is essential
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between the legal regimes concerning personal and non-personal data is essential
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; stresses that the creation of a
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Calls on the Commission to base its data strategy on the principles of conferring well-being and benefit on citizens and the absolute respect of their fundamental rights, in particular the protection of their privacy and personal data, which must be done in a lawful manner and in keeping with the GDPR;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission communication entitled ‘A European strategy for data’; stresses that the creation of a
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between the legal regimes concerning personal and non-personal data is essential, as not sharing any commercial datasets is often the only option for businesses due to the complexity of the existing rules and the great legal uncertainty as to whether personal data is sufficiently depersonalised; notes that this distinction may be difficult to draw in practice given the existence of mixed data, for which
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Declares that a distinction between the legal regimes concerning personal and non-personal data is essential, as not sharing any commercial datasets is often the only option for businesses due to the complexity of the existing rules and the great legal uncertainty as to whether personal data is sufficiently depersonalised; notes that this distinction may be difficult to draw in practice given the existence of mixed data, for which
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Underlines that the GDPR recognises that data protection does not apply to anonymous information, which it refers to as information that does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or as personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable; recognizes that the GDPR does not therefore concern the processing of such anonymous information, including for statistical or research purposes; furthermore recalls that Article 89(1) of the GDPR mandates that data be anonymized where personal data are no longer otherwise needed to fulfil the purpose;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Underlines that the GDPR recognises that data protection does not apply to anonymous information, which it refers to as information that does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or as personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable; recognizes that the GDPR does not therefore concern the processing of such anonymous information, including for statistical or research purposes; furthermore recalls that Article 89(1) of the GDPR mandates that data be anonymized where personal data are no longer otherwise needed to fulfil the purpose;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls for an increase in the availability of raw and anonymised data in the business-to-government and business-to-business communication, particularly in the case of data which have been generated in connection with the provision of services of general interest, are of public interest or in connection with the performance of publicly co-financed tasks; stresses that because of their importance and high value for society, such data should be made available and reusable for the general good while respecting the principles of personal data protection;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls for an increase in the availability of raw and anonymised data in the business-to-government and business-to-business communication, particularly in the case of data which have been generated in connection with the provision of services of general interest, are of public interest or in connection with the performance of publicly co-financed tasks; stresses that because of their importance and high value for society, such data should be made available and reusable for the general good while respecting the principles of personal data protection;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Stresses that implementing and enforcing the proposed new framework on trustworthy data governance requires access to code and data by competent authorities and, in case of certain high- risk technologies such as applications used by government authorities on citizens, by the public; considers that intellectual property rights shall not obstruct such access;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Stresses the need to streamline and regulate the exchange of data between public entities (G2G, Government-to- Government) in cross-border relations; notes that the gradual expansion of the scope and scale of data exchange between public institutions, for instance in the area of justice, can lead to a more effective fight against crime and more efficient handling of cross-border disputes;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Stresses that implementing and enforcing the proposed new framework on trustworthy data governance requires access to code and data by competent authorities and, in case of certain high- risk technologies such as applications used by government authorities on citizens, by the public; considers that Intellectual Property Rights shall not obstruct such access;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Stresses that implementing and enforcing the proposed new framework on trustworthy data governance requires access to code and data by competent authorities and, in case of certain high- risk technologies such as applications used by government authorities on citizens, by the public; considers that Intellectual Property Rights shall not obstruct such access;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual and other rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices, while taking due account of the ability of the free software community to legally use data and produce software for the general public, without automatically becoming subject to obligations designed for businesses producing and using data in a professional capacity ;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual and other rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices, while taking due account of the ability of the free software community to legally use data and produce software for the general public, without automatically becoming subject to obligations designed for businesses producing and using data in a professional capacity ;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices, and in particular the rights to access data, to port them, to urge another party to stop using data, to correct them or to delete them, while also identifying their holders and delineating the nature of such rights;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices, and in particular the rights to access data, to port them, to urge another party to stop using data, to correct them or to delete them, while also identifying their holders and delineating the nature of such rights;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Stresses the importance of cloud services, which are an essential tool for data collection and processing, in terms of fully exploiting the potential of the digital economy; underlines that the new regulations should ensure the transferability of data between different service providers, as well as taking into account the problem of securing and recovering data from the cloud provider when it ceases to carry out such activities.
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Stresses the importance of cloud services, which are an essential tool for data collection and processing, in terms of fully exploiting the potential of the digital economy; underlines that the new regulations should ensure the transferability of data between different service providers, as well as taking into account the problem of securing and recovering data from the cloud provider when it ceases to carry out such activities.
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Recalls the existing general data protection regime as stipulated in Regulation 2016/679/EU on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data; highlights the need to finalise the revision of the ePrivacy regulation with the aim of creating a level-playing field for EU companies with regards to the acquisition, use, and notably transfer of data;
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Recalls the existing general data protection regime as stipulated in Regulation 2016/679/EU on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data; highlights the need to finalise the revision of the ePrivacy regulation with the aim of creating a level-playing field for EU companies with regards to the acquisition, use, and notably transfer of data;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Stresses that, although the General Data Protection Regulation has been in force for more than two years, there is still a lack of practical tools enabling individuals to exercise their right to transfer personal data between administrators in a convenient and user- friendly manner; draws attention to the need to create an automated, secure and transparent system to enforce the right of individuals to manage their personal data;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Stresses that, although the General Data Protection Regulation has been in force for more than two years, there is still a lack of practical tools enabling individuals to exercise their right to transfer personal data between administrators in a convenient and user- friendly manner; draws attention to the need to create an automated, secure and transparent system to enforce the right of individuals to manage their personal data;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Points out that common regulatory framework provisions for data will enable the European Union to benefit effectively from access thereto and use thereof in various ways, such as: increasing productivity, developing market competitiveness, improving citizens’ health and well-being, environmental protection, transparent governance and effective public services; stresses that the establishment of a single market for data will pave the way for the EU to assume a leading role in the global data-driven economy;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 – point 1 (new) (1) General Principles for Data Governance Stresses that the European strategy for data will affect people’s fundamental rights, including the protection of their privacy and personal data, their freedom of expression and information, equality and non-discrimination, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of the arts and sciences, and the right to an effective remedy, the right to the integrity of the person, human dignity, the rights of the child and of persons with disabilities, the right to healthcare, to the presumption of innocence, to an effective remedy and to a fair trial; Highlights that these rights need to be ingrained at the core of a successful and durable European data strategy and be actualised both in the letter of the law, and in the spirit of its implementation;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Points out that common regulatory framework provisions for data will enable the European Union to benefit effectively from access thereto and use thereof in various ways, such as: increasing productivity, developing market competitiveness, improving citizens’ health and well-being, environmental protection, transparent governance and effective public services; stresses that the establishment of a single market for data will pave the way for the EU to assume a leading role in the global data-driven economy;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 11. Believes that the existing liability principles and technology-neutral liability rules are already fit for the digital economy and most emerging technologies; states that there are nevertheless some cases, such as those concerning operators of AI systems, as well as AI or non AI-caused damages based on deficiencies or inaccuracy of data sets, where new liability rules are necessary to provide the affected persons with adequate compensation;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 11. Believes that the existing liability principles and technology-neutral liability rules are already fit for the digital economy and most emerging technologies; states that there are nevertheless some cases, such as those concerning operators of AI systems, as well as AI or non AI-caused damages based on deficiencies or inaccuracy of data sets, where new liability rules are necessary to provide the affected persons with adequate compensation;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 11. Believes that
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 11. Believes that
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Recalls that data is the central element for AI development and that AI systems rely on and process large volumes of data and that these systems often utilise structured data; the data strategy should aim at increased data accessibility through tackling existing barriers and promoting the use of modern web and API-based services for convenient and fast retrieval, browsing and processing of available data;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Recalls that data is the central element for AI development and that AI systems rely on and process large volumes of data and that these systems often utilise structured data; the data strategy should aim at increased data accessibility through tackling existing barriers and promoting the use of modern web and API-based services for convenient and fast retrieval, browsing and processing of available data;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Urges the Commission to make a comprehensive assessment of similar legal gaps in relation to the responsibility for data and evaluate possible adjustments to the current liability systems before coming up with new legislative proposals;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Urges the Commission to make a comprehensive assessment of similar legal gaps in relation to the responsibility for data and evaluate possible adjustments to the current liability systems before coming up with new legislative proposals;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Calls on the Commission to consider whether the rules on the responsible use of data should be clarified; stresses the need to promote the principle of facilitating voluntary data exchange;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Calls on the Commission to consider whether the rules on the responsible use of data should be clarified; stresses the need to promote the principle of facilitating voluntary data exchange;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Emphasises the need for traceable and publicly available training data for algorithms; Considers that in areas such as health, liability must ultimately lie with a natural or legal person;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Emphasises the need for traceable and publicly available training data for algorithms; Considers that in areas such as health, liability must ultimately lie with a natural or legal person;
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR), privacy and trade secrets; considers also that the protection afforded by the Whistleblower Directive should apply to the forthcoming Europa Data Strategy too;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR), privacy and trade secrets; considers also that the protection afforded by the Whistleblower Directive should apply to the forthcoming Europa Data Strategy too;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitalisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy that addresses environment and climate challenges, and that respects human rights and democracy; underlines that choosing a
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Highlights the asymmetry between those who employ AI technologies and those who interact and are subject to them; in this context, stresses that citizens’ trust in AI can only be built on an “ethics-by-default and by design” framework which ensures that any AI put into operation fully respects and complies with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Union law and the Treaties.
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that the EU approach to digitalisation should be human-centred, value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy that addresses environment and climate challenges, and that respects human rights and democracy; underlines that choosing a
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR),
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR),
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR)
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 12. Stresses that the implementation of the European Data Strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (IPR)
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Highlights that in order to unlock the potential of digital technologies, it is necessary to remove unnecessary legal barriers, so as not to hamper the growth of or innovation in the Union’s developing data economy;
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Highlights that in order to unlock the potential of digital technologies, it is necessary to remove unnecessary legal barriers, so as not to hamper the growth of or innovation in the Union’s developing data economy;
Amendment 93 #
13. Is of the belief that given the key importance of the data-driven digital economy
Amendment 93 #
13. Is of the belief that given the key importance of the data-driven digital economy
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13. Is of the belief that the data-driven digital economy does not require major changes to the existing IPR framework and thus notes that the Commission should carefully assess what legal adjustments are really necessary in order to avoid any regulatory overlap; welcomes, in this regard, the Commission’s intention to revise the Database Directive and clarify the application of the Trade Secrets Directive;
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13. Is of the belief that the data-driven digital economy does not require major changes to the existing IPR framework and thus notes that the Commission should carefully assess what legal adjustments are really necessary in order to avoid any regulatory overlap; welcomes, in this regard, the Commission’s intention to revise the Database Directive and clarify the application of the Trade Secrets Directive;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 97 #
13a. Emphasises the need to address remaining uncertainties related to the legal performance of text and data mining that data users and developers of AI may still face following the adoption of Directive (EU) 2019/790; calls on the Commission to issue guidance on how reserving the rights, other than by machine readable means, shall be made publicly available for all in a centralised way;
Amendment 97 #
13a. Emphasises the need to address remaining uncertainties related to the legal performance of text and data mining that data users and developers of AI may still face following the adoption of Directive (EU) 2019/790; calls on the Commission to issue guidance on how reserving the rights, other than by machine readable means, shall be made publicly available for all in a centralised way;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Notes that the use of copyright- protected content as data input needs to be assessed in the light of the existing rules and the 'text and data mining' exception provided for by the Copyright Directive as well as related rights in the Digital Single Market, and that no new exceptions should be created in this regard;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Notes that the use of copyright- protected content as data input needs to be assessed in the light of the existing rules and the 'text and data mining' exception provided for by the Copyright Directive as well as related rights in the Digital Single Market, and that no new exceptions should be created in this regard;
source: 660.437
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