Activities of Ashley FOX related to 2018/2088(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
A comprehensive European industrial policy on artificial intelligence and robotics (short presentation)
Reports (1)
REPORT on a comprehensive European industrial policy on artificial intelligence and robotics PDF (318 KB) DOC (125 KB)
Amendments (50)
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas rules and processes should be modifiedought to account for artificial intelligence and robotics;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas AI alone does not ensure truth or fairness, as bias iscan be introduced in how the data is selected and how the algorithm is written and can stem from bias present in society;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Stresses that automation derived fromcombined with artificial intelligence will increase productivity and therefore increase output; notes that, as in previous technological revolutions, some jobs will be replaced but new jobs will also be created;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Recommends that Member States alongside private sector actors identify the risks and develop strategies to ensure relevant retraining and reskilling programmes are developed.
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Urges Member States to focus on retraining workers in the industries most affected by automation; stresses that new education programmes should focus on developing the skills of workers so that they can seize job opportunities within the new jobs created by AI, encourages the development of digital literacy programmes in schools, the development of apprenticeships and vocational training priorities;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Urges Member States to address barriers to entry in the labour force such as excessive qualifications
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 4 a (new)
Subheading 4 a (new)
Research and development
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. WelcomNotes the ambition of Japan’s Robot Strategy to have 4 out of 5 patients opt for robotic care and calls on the Commission to reciprocate this ambition. Recognises that according to Eurobarometer at present EU citizens do not have the same sentiment. Calls on the Commission and Member States to develop strategies and communication campaigns to raise awareness of the benefits of the day-to- day use of robots;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Notes that citizens are concerned about not knowing when AI is being used and what information will be processed. Recommends that there is disclosure when AI is used by consumers. To maintain consumer trust, it is important that data transmitted remains secure.
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Stresses that investment in the development of AI ethics should also be encouraged. Believes that any model should have ethics by design.
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Welcomes the Commission’s proposal on the digital Europe programme and the budget of 2.5 billion euros pledged to artificial intelligence as well as increased funding under the horizon 2020 programme. Understands the importance of EU funding complementing Member State and industry research budgets for AI and the need for collaboration between public, private and EU research programmes.
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Notes the importance of greater investment in this field in order to remain competitive; recognises that while most of the investment and innovation in this area comes from private sector ventures, Member States and the Commission should also be encouraged to invest in research in this sector and outline their development priorities; cWelcomes the EU Invest proposal and other public private partnerships that will foster private funding. Considers that the coordination of private- and public-sector investment should be encouraged to ensure that development is focused;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Notes that the future of this technology is contingent on societal acceptance and that greater emphasis must be placed on training and educationcommunicating its benefits to ensure greater understanding of the technology and its roleapplications; also notes that if consumers are not willing to adopt this technology, there will be less drive for innovation in this sector;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Considers that public acceptance relies on how the public is informed about the opportunities, challenges and developments of artificial intelligence; recommends that Member States and the Commission ensure the dissemination of credible information addressing the main concerns regarding AI and robotics e.g. Privacy, safety and transparency of decisions.
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Highlights the need for introducing AI-specific regulatory sandboxes to test the safe and effective use of AI technologies tested in a real- world environment.
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 b (new)
Paragraph 8 b (new)
8b. Notes that for greater societal acceptance of artificial intelligence, there needs to be assurances that the systems being used are safe and secure.
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 c (new)
Paragraph 8 c (new)
8c. Notes the importance of encouraging both the adoption of AI by consumers but also the adoption of AI in businesses.
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Recalls that the availability of quality data is essential for real competitiveness in the AI industry, and calls for public authorities to ensure ways of producing, sharing and governing data by making data a common goodfreely available;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Believes that the success of AI applications, tailored to users across the EU, often requires extensive knowledge of local markets, as well as access to and use of adequate local data for the datasets training, system testing and validation, especially in sectors related to natural language processing. Asks Member states to encourage the availability of high quality, interoperable and open public sector as well as privately-held data.
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Welcomes measures to facilitate and support the exchange and sharing of data across borders.
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Paragraph 9 c (new)
9c. Highlights the importance of cloud computing as a key enabler of AI. Welcomes the encouragement of access to cloud services for public and private companied to develop and use AI more effectively.
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10a. Acknowledges the use of robotic process automation and the impact it has had in improving public sector processes, notes its interoperability with legacy systems.
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 b (new)
Paragraph 10 b (new)
10b. Notes that public sector acceptance of AI can power the more wide-spread adoption of AI in other industries.
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 c (new)
Paragraph 10 c (new)
10c. Asks the Member States to lead this digital transformation by positioning themselves as primary responsible users and buyers of AI technology. Stresses that in this context Member States have to adapt their data policies including public data collection, use, repositories or annotation to allow the AI deployment in all public sectors.
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 d (new)
Paragraph 10 d (new)
10d. Data Notes that at present, the sharing of data is well below its potential and large quantities of data are underutilised. Recognises that there is a reluctance to share data and the need for action to encourage this. Notes that the lack of common standards also has a large role to play in the ability to share data. Welcomes regulations such as the Free Flow of Data Regulation and the importance it has in fields such as AI to allow for more effective and efficient processes. Recognises that greater market-based incentives need to be put in place to encourage the access to and sharing of data. Notes the risk that data openness has on investing in data in the first place. Calls for greater clarity on data ownership rules and the legal frameworks in place. Notes that regulatory uncertainty has led to over-cautious responses from industry.
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 e (new)
Paragraph 10 e (new)
10e. Cyber Notes that as artificial intelligence evolves and hackers become more sophisticated, it will be imperative to have strong cybersecurity solutions. Recognises that implementation of AI solutions in cybersecurity will allow for the forecasting, prevention and mitigation of threats. Highlights that whilst AI will be able to provide greater coverage for the detection of threats, it is imperative to have the human interpretation of these threats to detect whether it is genuine or not. SMEs Recognises the importance of SMEs for the success of AI. Welcomes the Commission initiative to create an AI on demand platform that will boost technology transfer and catalyse the growth of start-ups and SMEs. Calls on the Commission to promote Digital Innovation Hubs for AI that do not lead to the creation of additional administration layers but focus on accelerating investments in projects that have proven their efficiency. Notes that the costs of investing in AI leads to high barriers to entry for SMEs. Recognises that widespread adoption of AI by consumers would de-risk this investment for SMEs. Highlights the need to promote the adoption of AI by SMEs just as much as the promotion of consumers to use it.
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. Notes that the prevalence of autonomous vehicles in the future will shift the liability from the driver to the vehiclemanufacturer, requiring insurance companies to shift how they incorporate risk into their underwriting;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. BelievStresses that AI needs to be governed by a code of ethics in the same way that human behaviour is guided; recognises that in order to do this, rules must be in place to increaseethical rules must be in place to ensure human centric AI development, the accountability and transparency of algorithmic decision- making systems, clear liability rules and fairness;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20a. Welcomes the Commission initiative to set-up the High-level experts group on Artificial Intelligence as well as EU AI alliance network with the aim to deliver ethical guidelines for AI. Asks the Commission to ensure the largest possible up take of those ethical guidelines by the industry, academia and public authorities. Recommends that Member States transfer the guidelines into their national AI strategies and develop real accountability structures for industries and governments as they design and deploy AI.
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 a (new)
Paragraph 22 a (new)
22a. Stresses the difficulty and the complexity to predict the future behaviours of many complex AI systems and the emerging behaviours of interacting AI systems; ask the Commission to evaluate if there is a need for the specific regulations related to AI- enabled decision-making.
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Highlights the need for a regulatory distinction between mistakes that arise from malfeasanice and those that arise from innovative practicunintentional mistakes;
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Calls for people to have a right of appeal when AI is used for decisions affecting individuals, which carry a significant risk for an individuals’ rights or freedom or may cause them harm;
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Points out that while AI brings great benefits in automation and decision- making, i but also carries an inherent risks when the algorithms are static and opaque; stresses, in this context, the need for greater transparency of algorithms;
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26 a (new)
Paragraph 26 a (new)
26a. Notes that AI systems should be accountable to humans and AI systems should provide meaningful information so that feedback can be given; recognises that the strength of AI models is dependent on feedback and reassessment and encourages this process.
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26 b (new)
Paragraph 26 b (new)
26b. Notes that transparency should be proportionate to the product or services purpose and context;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Considers that algorithmic accountability should fall on the operator or provider and be regulated by policy- makers through impact assessments based on established parameters;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28
28. Notes that disclosing the computer code itself would be ineffective because it would not reveal the inherent biases that exist and would fail to explain the machine-learning process; cites as an example of this Google’s 'PageRank' algorithm, which enabled website owners to manipulate their pages with hidden content that would be interpreted as desirable in order to increase views;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)
Paragraph 28 a (new)
28a. Acknowledges that the transparency of source code could lead to misuse and the gaming of algorithms.
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 a (new)
Paragraph 29 a (new)
29a. Stresses the need for the development of protocols for the on-going monitoring and detection of algorithmic bias;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 b (new)
Paragraph 29 b (new)
29b. Points out that designers of algorithms should ensure that essential requirements such as fairness or explainability from the beginning of the design phase and throughout the development cycle are adhered to;
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 c (new)
Paragraph 29 c (new)
29c. Νotes the need for developing guidelines describing good development practices;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 d (new)
Paragraph 29 d (new)
29d. Acknowledges that although transparency and explainability may allow for the discovery of deficiencies, they do not guarantee the reliability, security and fairness; therefore, accountability is the most important requirement.
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 e (new)
Paragraph 29 e (new)
29e. Stresses the importance of showing lineage to be able to trace the history of the AI model. Doing this will help to understand the models better and establish trust through a historical basis.
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 f (new)
Paragraph 29 f (new)
29f. Notes that Articles 13-15 of the GDPR mandates that data subjects receive meaningful information about the logic involved.
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 g (new)
Paragraph 29 g (new)
29g. Acknowledges the balance that needs to be reached between explainability and accuracy, notes that accuracy can be lost in an attempt to ensure explainability as solutions that cannot be explained may need to be rejected. Calls on the expert groups to determine the appropriate balance.
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 h (new)
Paragraph 29 h (new)
29h. Calls on the Commission to ensure that any Union legislation on artificial intelligence will include measures and rules which take into account the rapid technological evolution in this field, to ensure that Union legislation does not lag behind the curve of technological development and deployment; stresses the need for such legislation to be compliant with rules on privacy and data protection;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29 i (new)
Paragraph 29 i (new)
29i. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote strong and transparent cooperation between the public and private sectors and academia that would reinforce knowledge sharing, and to promote education and training for designers on ethical implications, safety and respect of fundamental rights as well as for consumers on the use of robotics and artificial intelligence, with particular focus on safety and data privacy;
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34
Paragraph 34
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34 a (new)
Paragraph 34 a (new)
34a. Recommends that existing and future AI-related initiatives and pilot projects carried out by the Commission should be closely coordinated with Member States, so as to ensure the creation of real added value while avoiding costly double structures;