BETA


2008/2097(INI) Development perspectives on peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations

Progress: Procedure completed

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Lead DEVE DEVA Nirj (icon: PPE-DE PPE-DE)
Committee Opinion FEMM
Committee Opinion AFET
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54, RoP 54-p4

Events

2009/04/22
   EC - Commission response to text adopted in plenary
Documents
2008/12/18
   EP - Results of vote in Parliament
2008/12/18
   EP - Decision by Parliament
Details

The European Parliament adopted, by 399 votes to 25 with 27 abstentions, a resolution on the development perspectives for peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations.

The report had been tabled for consideration in plenary by Nirj DEVA (EPP-ED, UK) on behalf of the Committee on Development.

The resolution recalls that almost half of all countries that emerge from conflicts return to conflict within five years and that there are 42 ongoing civil conflicts around the world.

In this context, Parliament investigates the best way to build peace in these countries and reiterate the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens (“ Responsibility to Protect ”). In order to build peace, Parliament believes that there are two phases: the stabilisation phase where the emphasis is on security, law and order and the provision of basic services, and the second phase of state-building which focuses on governance and the institutions which will deliver it.

Responsibility to protect : Parliament supports the concept of "Responsibility to Protect" as affirmed by the UN in order to reinforce rather than undermine state sovereignty. It stresses that the EU and its Members States should regard themselves as bound by it . Parliament states that "Responsibility to Protect" should be considered as a means to promote human security; by stressing that the primary responsibility for the prevention of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity against a population lies with the state itself. It reinforces the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens but considers, however, that where governments are unable or unwilling to provide such protection then the responsibility to take appropriate action becomes the collective responsibility of the wider international community. It notes further that such action should be preventive as well as reactive, and should only involve the use of coercive military force as an absolute last resort.

Peace building to development : this resolution highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of conflicts in EU political dialogues with third countries and in development cooperation programmes so as to develop mechanisms to provide early warning signs of failing states. Parliament strongly believes that every effort must be made to ensure minimum standards of basic services for those populations affected by conflict, in particular in relation to access to food, clean water and sanitation, medicines, health care (including reproductive health) and personal security. It believes that in post-conflict situations there should be coordination among peace-building, humanitarian aid and development activities, in accordance with the "Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development" strategic framework and to ensure coherence in the security and development nexus.

Enhance Civil-Military Coordination : in post-conflict situations the transition from military to civilian security must take place as soon as is practicable and international forces should be gradually supplemented and replaced by a national and regional civilian police force, professionally trained. It is therefore important to train local police forces but also to continue to develop the military capacity of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) in order for the EU and its Member States to be better able to contribute to the stabilisation and development of post-conflict societies.

Security reform : Parliament stresses the importance of Security Sector Reform (SSR) and Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) processes as key factors to ensure long lasting peace and sustainable development. That is why the Parliament calls on the Council and the Commission to accelerate the implementation on the ground of the EU's Policy Framework for SSR and the EU Concept for Support to DDR, with a special emphasis on those countries where the EU has already deployed ESDP missions.

Include women in post-conflict strategies : Parliament asks the EU, when supporting post-conflict SSR, to include a gender perspective, including when negotiating and implementing peace agreements. According to the Parliament, any reconciliation strategy must take account of the role of women but also children (including child soldiers) and include them at all stages. Women must also be involved in economic activities in post-conflict societies in order to support their socio-economic and business empowerment through, for example, micro-credit.

Put an end to sexual violence and impunity : Parliament considers it crucial to put an end to the impunity that perpetrators of sexual violence towards women enjoy and to exclude these crimes from amnesty provisions. It is important to ensure that women and girls have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, as well as access to sexual and reproductive health services. It also calls for zero-tolerance of sexual violence committed by peacekeepers or NGO staff.

Fight against small arms and light weapons (SALW) : due to the fact that a majority of victims in conflict situations are killed by small arms and light weapons (SALW), Parliament calls upon the Council and the Commission to urgently follow up on the Court of Justice decision of 20 May 2008 on Community competence in combating the proliferation of SALW by accelerating the implementation of the European Strategy to combat illicit accumulation and trafficking of SALW and their ammunition, and by stepping up planning for EC funding, namely from the European Development Fund and the Stability Instrument, to be spent on SALW-related programmes on the ground. It requests that multilateral and regional financial institutions take measures, where appropriate, to establish SALW programmes in the framework of reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts in post-conflict areas and in efforts to consolidate governance issues, to strengthen legislation and to improve the operational capacity of law enforcement agencies regarding SALW. It calls on the Council and the Commission to continue promoting the creation of an international, legally-binding Arms Trade Treaty in all bilateral and multilateral settings.

Refugees : Parliament considers that the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) must be a high priority, while ensuring that they have sustainable means for survival. IDPs should be spread across the country and resettled in their original villages or towns and not concentrated in large groups which can lead to conflict and violence. MEPs stress that action must be taken to promote family reunification and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict.

Reintegration of former combatants and child soldiers : the Commission’s proposal in terms of DDR should take account of former combatants, in order to help them reintegrate into civil society as quickly as possible. Parliament also stresses the need for action to combat the use of child soldiers and the recruitment of girls into the armed forces and their subsequent subjection to sexual abuse. Overall, Parliament reiterates its commitment to protect the rights of women and children in post-conflict situations.

Strengthening governance : Parliament stresses that State legitimacy can only be built through good and effective governance: measures must be taken to strengthen institutions, electoral processes and anti-corruption mechanisms. It calls on the Commission to create a deregulation unit which can advise countries emerging from conflict on how to structure their economic infrastructure and lift the country out of crisis as quickly as possible. It also stresses the need to remove bureaucratic controls which stop or delay the creation of small businesses, the opening of bank accounts and the registration of land and companies, as well as the need to monitor the use of resources.

Strengthening the legal system : recalling that peace is not only “the absence of war”, Parliament notes that there is no peace without justice. That is why it calls for the implementation of measures aimed at strengthening justice in post-conflict situations: justice for victims of conflict is, in fact, essential and tribunals must do their best to judge war crimes and punish the perpetrators. In this context, Parliament proposes to explore the possibility of carrying out a mapping of past human rights violations perpetrated during the conflict. At the same time, it calls for measures to enable the registration of births and land to ensure that refugees can reclaim their possessions on their return.

Involve local communities : Parliament stresses that that support to local communities, families, civil society organisations, including women's organisations, is necessary for any successful development policy. It therefore calls on the Commission and the Member States to give political and financial support to local peace and human rights actors. It recalls that sustainable peace is in many ways contingent on community-based involvement and ownership of the peace process. It also stresses that relevant civil society organisations can be used as facilitators for dialogue among conflicting groups.

Role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) : Parliament commends the interaction between the EU and ICC and stresses that EU support is essential for the enforcement of the ICC mandate. It believes that it is vital that all states should sign and ratify the Rome Statute of the ICC in order to make the ICC system more operational , coherent and consistent. It urges the EU and AU Member States to address the implementation of all warrants of arrest issued by the ICC in a consistent way immediately in all conflict situations.

The role of the European Union : Parliament fully supports the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts and the security and development measures envisaged in the EU Action Plan for 2009. However, it urges the Commission to attach high priority to the implementation of measures linked to peace-building and stresses the importance of the role of EU missions (including mediation and negotiation teams, and police and peace-keeping forces). It highlights, in particular, the need to mainstream a gender perspective into peace research, conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping operations, post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction. At the same time, it stresses that development assistance is an extremely important element in consolidating peace and preventing conflict in fragile States. Parliament emphasises that the Commission has an obligation to support the efforts of partner countries to develop democratic domestic accountability capacities (parliamentary control and audit capacities) where Community assistance is delivered via budget support. It calls for the development of monitoring and oversight mechanisms to ensure that budgetary resources allocated by the EU are used properly.

The role of the European Parliament : lastly, Parliament highlights its intention to continue to take an active part in the work organised by the Commission on situations of fragility and regret the fact that the work of the Commission and the Council in this area has been slow. It calls on the Commission to keep the Parliament fully informed of measures taken and to develop best practices for issues that require broad cooperation among political, military, humanitarian and developmental actors in the areas of conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, respect for human rights, the rule of law, humanitarian assistance and long-term reconstruction and development.

Documents
2008/12/18
   EP - End of procedure in Parliament
2008/11/13
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
Documents
2008/11/13
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Documents
2008/11/05
   EP - Vote in committee
Details

The Committee on Development adopted the report by Nirj DEVA (EPP-ED, UK) on development perspectives for peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations, recalling that almost half of all countries that emerge from conflicts return to conflict within five years and that there are 42 ongoing civil conflicts around the world. In this context, MEPs investigate the best way to build peace in these countries and reiterate the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens (“Responsibility to Protect”). In order to build peace, MEPs believe that there are two phases: the stabilisation phase where the emphasis is on security, law and order and the provision of basic services, and the second phase of state-building which focuses on governance and the institutions which will deliver it.

Conflict prevention : MEPs highlight the importance of addressing the root causes of conflicts by developing mechanisms to provide early warning signs of failing States. In this regard, the Commission should designate conflict prevention as a cross-cutting issue in development cooperation, ensuring minimum standards of basic services for those populations affected by conflict, in particular in relation to access to food, clean water and sanitation, medicines, health care (including reproductive health) and personal security.

Enhance Civil-Military Coordination : in post-conflict situations the transition from military to civilian security must take place as soon as is practicable and international forces should be gradually supplemented and replaced by a national and regional civilian police force, professionally trained. It is therefore important to train local police forces but also to continue to develop the military capacity of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) in order for the EU and its Member States to be better able to contribute to the stabilisation and development of post-conflict societies.

Security reform : MEPs stress the importance of Security Sector Reform (SSR) and Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) processes as key factors to ensure long lasting peace and sustainable development. That is why the Parliament calls on the Council and the Commission to accelerate the implementation on the ground of the EU's Policy Framework for SSR and the EU Concept for Support to DDR, with a special emphasis on those countries where the EU has already deployed ESDP missions.

Include women in post-conflict strategies : MEPs ask the EU, when supporting post-conflict SSR, to include a gender perspective, including when negotiating and implementing peace agreements. According to MEPs, any reconciliation strategy must take account of the role of women but also children (including child soldiers) and include them at all stages. Women must also be involved in economic activities in post-conflict societies in order to support their socio-economic and business empowerment through, for example, micro-credit.

Put an end to sexual violence and impunity : MEPs consider it crucial to put an end to the impunity that perpetrators of sexual violence towards women enjoy and to exclude these crimes from amnesty provisions. It is important to ensure that women and girls have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, as well as access to sexual and reproductive health services. MEPs also call for zero-tolerance of sexual violence committed by peacekeepers or NGO staff.

Refugees : MEPs consider that the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) must be a high priority, while ensuring that they have sustainable means for survival. IDPs should be spread across the country and resettled in their original villages or towns and not concentrated in large groups which can lead to conflict and violence. MEPs stress that action must be taken to promote family reunification and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict.

Reintegration of former combatants and child soldiers : the Commission’s proposal in terms of DDR should take account of former combatants, in order to help them reintegrate into civil society as quickly as possible. MEPs also stress the need for action to combat the use of child soldiers and the recruitment of girls into the armed forces and their subsequent subjection to sexual abuse. Overall, MEPs reiterate their commitment to protecting the rights of women and children in post-conflict situations.

Strengthening governance : MEPs stress that State legitimacy can only be built through good and effective governance: measures must be taken to strengthen institutions, electoral processes and anti-corruption mechanisms. They call on the Commission to create a deregulation unit which can advise countries emerging from conflict on how to structure their economic infrastructure and lift the country out of crisis as quickly as possible. MEPs also stress the need to remove bureaucratic controls which stop or delay the creation of small businesses, the opening of bank accounts and the registration of land and companies, as well as the need to monitor the use of resources.

Strengthening the legal system : recalling that peace is not only “the absence of war”, MEPs note that there is no peace without justice. That is why they call for the implementation of measures aimed at strengthening justice in post-conflict situations: justice for victims of conflict is, in fact, essential and tribunals must do their best to judge war crimes and punish the perpetrators. In this context, MEPs propose to explore the possibility of carrying out a mapping of past human rights violations perpetrated during the conflict. At the same time, MEPs call for measures to enable the registration of births and land to ensure that refugees can reclaim their possessions on their return.

Involve local communities : MEPs stress that that support to local communities, families, civil society organisations, including women's organisations, is necessary for any successful development policy. They therefore call on the Commission and the Member States to give political and financial support to local peace and human rights actors. They recall that sustainable peace is in many ways contingent on community-based involvement and ownership of the peace process. They also stress that relevant civil society organisations can be used as facilitators for dialogue among conflicting groups.

Promote mediation : MEPs also stress the need to establish standing Peace Commissions that include influential members of all contending parties so as to pre-empt eruptions of large scale violence. It is also important to ensure there are interlocutors capable of strengthening donor coherence.

The role of the European Union : MEPs fully support the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts and the security and development measures envisaged in the EU Action Plan for 2009. However, they urge the Commission to attach high priority to the implementation of measures linked to peace-building and stress the importance of the role of EU missions (including mediation and negotiation teams, and police and peace-keeping forces). MEPs highlight, in particular, the need to mainstream a gender perspective into peace research, conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping operations, post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction. At the same time, MEPs stress that development assistance is an extremely important element in consolidating peace and preventing conflict in fragile States. They emphasise that the Commission has an obligation to support the efforts of partner countries to develop democratic domestic accountability capacities (parliamentary control and audit capacities) where Community assistance is delivered via budget support. They call for the development of monitoring and oversight mechanisms to ensure that budgetary resources allocated by the EU are used properly.

The role of the European Parliament : lastly, MEPs highlight their intention to continue to take an active part in the work organised by the Commission on situations of fragility and regret the fact that the work of the Commission and the Council in this area has been slow. They call on the Commission to keep the Parliament fully informed of measures taken and to develop best practices for issues that require broad cooperation among political, military, humanitarian and developmental actors in the areas of conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, respect for human rights, the rule of law, humanitarian assistance and long-term reconstruction and development.

2008/10/15
   EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2008/10/10
   EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2008/10/08
   EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2008/09/15
   EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2008/04/24
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2008/04/24
   EP - Referral to associated committees announced in Parliament
2007/06/06
   EP - DEVA Nirj (PPE-DE) appointed as rapporteur in DEVE

Documents

Votes

Rapport Deva A6-0445/2008 - am. 1/1 #

2008/12/18 Outcome: +: 303, -: 202, 0: 7
PL DE IT IE GB HU RO FI BG SK LT SI CZ LV LU FR EE CY AT MT BE DK EL SE NL ES PT
Total
35
66
38
11
44
14
19
7
12
10
7
7
17
6
4
59
3
5
10
4
19
13
15
14
21
37
15
icon: PPE-DE PPE-DE
187

Latvia PPE-DE

2

Luxembourg PPE-DE

3

Estonia PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Cyprus PPE-DE

2

Malta PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Belgium PPE-DE

3

Denmark PPE-DE

1
icon: ALDE ALDE
73

Ireland ALDE

For (1)

1

Hungary ALDE

1

Slovenia ALDE

2

Latvia ALDE

1

Luxembourg ALDE

For (1)

1

Estonia ALDE

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Cyprus ALDE

For (1)

1

Austria ALDE

1

Sweden ALDE

2
icon: UEN UEN
25

Lithuania UEN

2

Latvia UEN

2

Denmark UEN

For (1)

1
icon: NI NI
15

Poland NI

1

Italy NI

For (1)

1

United Kingdom NI

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Slovakia NI

1

Austria NI

Against (1)

1
icon: IND/DEM IND/DEM
9

Poland IND/DEM

3

Ireland IND/DEM

For (1)

1

France IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Denmark IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Sweden IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Netherlands IND/DEM

2
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
27

Italy Verts/ALE

Against (1)

1

United Kingdom Verts/ALE

4

Latvia Verts/ALE

Against (1)

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

Against (1)

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

Against (1)

1

Sweden Verts/ALE

Against (1)

1

Spain Verts/ALE

3
icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL
25

United Kingdom GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Cyprus GUE/NGL

2

Denmark GUE/NGL

1

Greece GUE/NGL

2

Sweden GUE/NGL

2

Netherlands GUE/NGL

2

Spain GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Portugal GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1
icon: PSE PSE
151

Ireland PSE

Against (1)

1

Bulgaria PSE

3

Slovakia PSE

2

Lithuania PSE

Against (1)

1

Slovenia PSE

Against (1)

1

Czechia PSE

2

Malta PSE

3

Rapport Deva A6-0445/2008 - am. 1/2 #

2008/12/18 Outcome: +: 454, -: 30, 0: 14
DE FR GB ES PL IT RO BE HU BG NL PT EL SE DK AT SK IE CZ FI LT SI LV LU MT EE CY
Total
63
56
45
35
32
36
18
18
14
12
21
16
15
14
13
10
10
11
17
8
7
7
5
4
3
3
5
icon: PPE-DE PPE-DE
182

Belgium PPE-DE

3

Denmark PPE-DE

1

Latvia PPE-DE

2

Luxembourg PPE-DE

3

Malta PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Estonia PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Cyprus PPE-DE

2
icon: PSE PSE
146

Slovakia PSE

2

Ireland PSE

1

Czechia PSE

2

Lithuania PSE

For (1)

1

Slovenia PSE

For (1)

1

Malta PSE

2
icon: ALDE ALDE
71

Spain ALDE

1

Belgium ALDE

2

Hungary ALDE

1

Sweden ALDE

2

Denmark ALDE

Abstain (1)

3

Austria ALDE

1

Ireland ALDE

For (1)

1

Slovenia ALDE

2

Latvia ALDE

1

Luxembourg ALDE

For (1)

1

Estonia ALDE

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Cyprus ALDE

For (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
28

United Kingdom Verts/ALE

4

Italy Verts/ALE

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

2

Sweden Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Finland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1
icon: UEN UEN
23

Denmark UEN

For (1)

1

Lithuania UEN

2

Latvia UEN

2
icon: NI NI
13

United Kingdom NI

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Poland NI

1

Belgium NI

2

Austria NI

1

Slovakia NI

1
icon: IND/DEM IND/DEM
9

France IND/DEM

Against (1)

1

Poland IND/DEM

3

Netherlands IND/DEM

2

Sweden IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Denmark IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Ireland IND/DEM

Against (1)

1
icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL
26

United Kingdom GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Spain GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Netherlands GUE/NGL

2

Portugal GUE/NGL

2

Greece GUE/NGL

2

Sweden GUE/NGL

2

Denmark GUE/NGL

1

Cyprus GUE/NGL

2

Rapport Deva A6-0445/2008 - résolution #

2008/12/18 Outcome: +: 399, 0: 27, -: 25
FR DE PL ES GB IT RO NL BE BG HU SE DK SK AT EL PT FI LT LV SI IE LU MT EE CY CZ
Total
56
56
30
29
42
34
17
19
17
12
11
14
13
10
9
11
12
7
6
5
5
7
4
4
3
5
13
icon: PPE-DE PPE-DE
165
3

Belgium PPE-DE

3

Denmark PPE-DE

1

Finland PPE-DE

2

Latvia PPE-DE

2

Slovenia PPE-DE

3

Ireland PPE-DE

3

Luxembourg PPE-DE

3

Malta PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Estonia PPE-DE

For (1)

1

Cyprus PPE-DE

2
icon: PSE PSE
125

Slovakia PSE

2

Lithuania PSE

For (1)

1

Ireland PSE

1

Czechia PSE

2
icon: ALDE ALDE
71

Hungary ALDE

1

Sweden ALDE

2

Austria ALDE

1

Latvia ALDE

1

Slovenia ALDE

2

Ireland ALDE

For (1)

1

Luxembourg ALDE

For (1)

1

Estonia ALDE

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Cyprus ALDE

For (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
25
3

Spain Verts/ALE

2

United Kingdom Verts/ALE

4

Italy Verts/ALE

2

Belgium Verts/ALE

1

Sweden Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Finland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Latvia Verts/ALE

1
icon: UEN UEN
17

Denmark UEN

For (1)

1

Lithuania UEN

2

Latvia UEN

For (1)

1

Ireland UEN

For (1)

1
icon: NI NI
14

Poland NI

1

United Kingdom NI

Against (1)

1

Italy NI

For (1)

1

Belgium NI

For (1)

3

Slovakia NI

1

Austria NI

1
icon: IND/DEM IND/DEM
9

France IND/DEM

For (1)

1

Poland IND/DEM

3

Netherlands IND/DEM

2

Sweden IND/DEM

Against (1)

1

Denmark IND/DEM

Against (1)

1

Ireland IND/DEM

Against (1)

1
icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL
25

Spain GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

United Kingdom GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Netherlands GUE/NGL

Abstain (1)

2

Sweden GUE/NGL

2

Denmark GUE/NGL

1

Greece GUE/NGL

Against (1)

1

Portugal GUE/NGL

2

Cyprus GUE/NGL

2
AmendmentsDossier
225 2008/2097(INI)
2008/09/15 FEMM 15 amendments...
source: PE-412.185
2008/09/19 AFET 53 amendments...
source: PE-412.107
2008/10/15 DEVE 157 amendments...
source: PE-414.329

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

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  • date: 2008-10-08T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=COMPARL&mode=XML&language=EN&reference=PE409.690&secondRef=03 title: PE409.690 committee: FEMM type: Committee opinion body: EP
  • date: 2008-10-10T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=COMPARL&mode=XML&language=EN&reference=PE406.066&secondRef=02 title: PE406.066 committee: AFET type: Committee opinion body: EP
  • date: 2008-10-15T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=COMPARL&mode=XML&language=EN&reference=PE414.329 title: PE414.329 type: Amendments tabled in committee body: EP
  • date: 2008-11-13T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A6-2008-445&language=EN title: A6-0445/2008 type: Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading body: EP
  • date: 2009-04-22T00:00:00 docs: url: /oeil/spdoc.do?i=16337&j=0&l=en title: SP(2009)988 type: Commission response to text adopted in plenary
events
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  • date: 2008-04-24T00:00:00 type: Referral to associated committees announced in Parliament body: EP
  • date: 2008-11-05T00:00:00 type: Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading body: EP summary: The Committee on Development adopted the report by Nirj DEVA (EPP-ED, UK) on development perspectives for peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations, recalling that almost half of all countries that emerge from conflicts return to conflict within five years and that there are 42 ongoing civil conflicts around the world. In this context, MEPs investigate the best way to build peace in these countries and reiterate the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens (“Responsibility to Protect”). In order to build peace, MEPs believe that there are two phases: the stabilisation phase where the emphasis is on security, law and order and the provision of basic services, and the second phase of state-building which focuses on governance and the institutions which will deliver it. Conflict prevention : MEPs highlight the importance of addressing the root causes of conflicts by developing mechanisms to provide early warning signs of failing States. In this regard, the Commission should designate conflict prevention as a cross-cutting issue in development cooperation, ensuring minimum standards of basic services for those populations affected by conflict, in particular in relation to access to food, clean water and sanitation, medicines, health care (including reproductive health) and personal security. Enhance Civil-Military Coordination : in post-conflict situations the transition from military to civilian security must take place as soon as is practicable and international forces should be gradually supplemented and replaced by a national and regional civilian police force, professionally trained. It is therefore important to train local police forces but also to continue to develop the military capacity of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) in order for the EU and its Member States to be better able to contribute to the stabilisation and development of post-conflict societies. Security reform : MEPs stress the importance of Security Sector Reform (SSR) and Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) processes as key factors to ensure long lasting peace and sustainable development. That is why the Parliament calls on the Council and the Commission to accelerate the implementation on the ground of the EU's Policy Framework for SSR and the EU Concept for Support to DDR, with a special emphasis on those countries where the EU has already deployed ESDP missions. Include women in post-conflict strategies : MEPs ask the EU, when supporting post-conflict SSR, to include a gender perspective, including when negotiating and implementing peace agreements. According to MEPs, any reconciliation strategy must take account of the role of women but also children (including child soldiers) and include them at all stages. Women must also be involved in economic activities in post-conflict societies in order to support their socio-economic and business empowerment through, for example, micro-credit. Put an end to sexual violence and impunity : MEPs consider it crucial to put an end to the impunity that perpetrators of sexual violence towards women enjoy and to exclude these crimes from amnesty provisions. It is important to ensure that women and girls have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, as well as access to sexual and reproductive health services. MEPs also call for zero-tolerance of sexual violence committed by peacekeepers or NGO staff. Refugees : MEPs consider that the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) must be a high priority, while ensuring that they have sustainable means for survival. IDPs should be spread across the country and resettled in their original villages or towns and not concentrated in large groups which can lead to conflict and violence. MEPs stress that action must be taken to promote family reunification and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict. Reintegration of former combatants and child soldiers : the Commission’s proposal in terms of DDR should take account of former combatants, in order to help them reintegrate into civil society as quickly as possible. MEPs also stress the need for action to combat the use of child soldiers and the recruitment of girls into the armed forces and their subsequent subjection to sexual abuse. Overall, MEPs reiterate their commitment to protecting the rights of women and children in post-conflict situations. Strengthening governance : MEPs stress that State legitimacy can only be built through good and effective governance: measures must be taken to strengthen institutions, electoral processes and anti-corruption mechanisms. They call on the Commission to create a deregulation unit which can advise countries emerging from conflict on how to structure their economic infrastructure and lift the country out of crisis as quickly as possible. MEPs also stress the need to remove bureaucratic controls which stop or delay the creation of small businesses, the opening of bank accounts and the registration of land and companies, as well as the need to monitor the use of resources. Strengthening the legal system : recalling that peace is not only “the absence of war”, MEPs note that there is no peace without justice. That is why they call for the implementation of measures aimed at strengthening justice in post-conflict situations: justice for victims of conflict is, in fact, essential and tribunals must do their best to judge war crimes and punish the perpetrators. In this context, MEPs propose to explore the possibility of carrying out a mapping of past human rights violations perpetrated during the conflict. At the same time, MEPs call for measures to enable the registration of births and land to ensure that refugees can reclaim their possessions on their return. Involve local communities : MEPs stress that that support to local communities, families, civil society organisations, including women's organisations, is necessary for any successful development policy. They therefore call on the Commission and the Member States to give political and financial support to local peace and human rights actors. They recall that sustainable peace is in many ways contingent on community-based involvement and ownership of the peace process. They also stress that relevant civil society organisations can be used as facilitators for dialogue among conflicting groups. Promote mediation : MEPs also stress the need to establish standing Peace Commissions that include influential members of all contending parties so as to pre-empt eruptions of large scale violence. It is also important to ensure there are interlocutors capable of strengthening donor coherence. The role of the European Union : MEPs fully support the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts and the security and development measures envisaged in the EU Action Plan for 2009. However, they urge the Commission to attach high priority to the implementation of measures linked to peace-building and stress the importance of the role of EU missions (including mediation and negotiation teams, and police and peace-keeping forces). MEPs highlight, in particular, the need to mainstream a gender perspective into peace research, conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping operations, post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction. At the same time, MEPs stress that development assistance is an extremely important element in consolidating peace and preventing conflict in fragile States. They emphasise that the Commission has an obligation to support the efforts of partner countries to develop democratic domestic accountability capacities (parliamentary control and audit capacities) where Community assistance is delivered via budget support. They call for the development of monitoring and oversight mechanisms to ensure that budgetary resources allocated by the EU are used properly. The role of the European Parliament : lastly, MEPs highlight their intention to continue to take an active part in the work organised by the Commission on situations of fragility and regret the fact that the work of the Commission and the Council in this area has been slow. They call on the Commission to keep the Parliament fully informed of measures taken and to develop best practices for issues that require broad cooperation among political, military, humanitarian and developmental actors in the areas of conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, respect for human rights, the rule of law, humanitarian assistance and long-term reconstruction and development.
  • date: 2008-11-13T00:00:00 type: Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading body: EP docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A6-2008-445&language=EN title: A6-0445/2008
  • date: 2008-12-18T00:00:00 type: Results of vote in Parliament body: EP docs: url: https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/sda.do?id=16337&l=en title: Results of vote in Parliament
  • date: 2008-12-18T00:00:00 type: Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading body: EP docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P6-TA-2008-639 title: T6-0639/2008 summary: The European Parliament adopted, by 399 votes to 25 with 27 abstentions, a resolution on the development perspectives for peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations. The report had been tabled for consideration in plenary by Nirj DEVA (EPP-ED, UK) on behalf of the Committee on Development. The resolution recalls that almost half of all countries that emerge from conflicts return to conflict within five years and that there are 42 ongoing civil conflicts around the world. In this context, Parliament investigates the best way to build peace in these countries and reiterate the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens (“ Responsibility to Protect ”). In order to build peace, Parliament believes that there are two phases: the stabilisation phase where the emphasis is on security, law and order and the provision of basic services, and the second phase of state-building which focuses on governance and the institutions which will deliver it. Responsibility to protect : Parliament supports the concept of "Responsibility to Protect" as affirmed by the UN in order to reinforce rather than undermine state sovereignty. It stresses that the EU and its Members States should regard themselves as bound by it . Parliament states that "Responsibility to Protect" should be considered as a means to promote human security; by stressing that the primary responsibility for the prevention of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity against a population lies with the state itself. It reinforces the responsibility of each government towards the protection of its own citizens but considers, however, that where governments are unable or unwilling to provide such protection then the responsibility to take appropriate action becomes the collective responsibility of the wider international community. It notes further that such action should be preventive as well as reactive, and should only involve the use of coercive military force as an absolute last resort. Peace building to development : this resolution highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of conflicts in EU political dialogues with third countries and in development cooperation programmes so as to develop mechanisms to provide early warning signs of failing states. Parliament strongly believes that every effort must be made to ensure minimum standards of basic services for those populations affected by conflict, in particular in relation to access to food, clean water and sanitation, medicines, health care (including reproductive health) and personal security. It believes that in post-conflict situations there should be coordination among peace-building, humanitarian aid and development activities, in accordance with the "Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development" strategic framework and to ensure coherence in the security and development nexus. Enhance Civil-Military Coordination : in post-conflict situations the transition from military to civilian security must take place as soon as is practicable and international forces should be gradually supplemented and replaced by a national and regional civilian police force, professionally trained. It is therefore important to train local police forces but also to continue to develop the military capacity of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) in order for the EU and its Member States to be better able to contribute to the stabilisation and development of post-conflict societies. Security reform : Parliament stresses the importance of Security Sector Reform (SSR) and Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) processes as key factors to ensure long lasting peace and sustainable development. That is why the Parliament calls on the Council and the Commission to accelerate the implementation on the ground of the EU's Policy Framework for SSR and the EU Concept for Support to DDR, with a special emphasis on those countries where the EU has already deployed ESDP missions. Include women in post-conflict strategies : Parliament asks the EU, when supporting post-conflict SSR, to include a gender perspective, including when negotiating and implementing peace agreements. According to the Parliament, any reconciliation strategy must take account of the role of women but also children (including child soldiers) and include them at all stages. Women must also be involved in economic activities in post-conflict societies in order to support their socio-economic and business empowerment through, for example, micro-credit. Put an end to sexual violence and impunity : Parliament considers it crucial to put an end to the impunity that perpetrators of sexual violence towards women enjoy and to exclude these crimes from amnesty provisions. It is important to ensure that women and girls have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, as well as access to sexual and reproductive health services. It also calls for zero-tolerance of sexual violence committed by peacekeepers or NGO staff. Fight against small arms and light weapons (SALW) : due to the fact that a majority of victims in conflict situations are killed by small arms and light weapons (SALW), Parliament calls upon the Council and the Commission to urgently follow up on the Court of Justice decision of 20 May 2008 on Community competence in combating the proliferation of SALW by accelerating the implementation of the European Strategy to combat illicit accumulation and trafficking of SALW and their ammunition, and by stepping up planning for EC funding, namely from the European Development Fund and the Stability Instrument, to be spent on SALW-related programmes on the ground. It requests that multilateral and regional financial institutions take measures, where appropriate, to establish SALW programmes in the framework of reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts in post-conflict areas and in efforts to consolidate governance issues, to strengthen legislation and to improve the operational capacity of law enforcement agencies regarding SALW. It calls on the Council and the Commission to continue promoting the creation of an international, legally-binding Arms Trade Treaty in all bilateral and multilateral settings. Refugees : Parliament considers that the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) must be a high priority, while ensuring that they have sustainable means for survival. IDPs should be spread across the country and resettled in their original villages or towns and not concentrated in large groups which can lead to conflict and violence. MEPs stress that action must be taken to promote family reunification and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict. Reintegration of former combatants and child soldiers : the Commission’s proposal in terms of DDR should take account of former combatants, in order to help them reintegrate into civil society as quickly as possible. Parliament also stresses the need for action to combat the use of child soldiers and the recruitment of girls into the armed forces and their subsequent subjection to sexual abuse. Overall, Parliament reiterates its commitment to protect the rights of women and children in post-conflict situations. Strengthening governance : Parliament stresses that State legitimacy can only be built through good and effective governance: measures must be taken to strengthen institutions, electoral processes and anti-corruption mechanisms. It calls on the Commission to create a deregulation unit which can advise countries emerging from conflict on how to structure their economic infrastructure and lift the country out of crisis as quickly as possible. It also stresses the need to remove bureaucratic controls which stop or delay the creation of small businesses, the opening of bank accounts and the registration of land and companies, as well as the need to monitor the use of resources. Strengthening the legal system : recalling that peace is not only “the absence of war”, Parliament notes that there is no peace without justice. That is why it calls for the implementation of measures aimed at strengthening justice in post-conflict situations: justice for victims of conflict is, in fact, essential and tribunals must do their best to judge war crimes and punish the perpetrators. In this context, Parliament proposes to explore the possibility of carrying out a mapping of past human rights violations perpetrated during the conflict. At the same time, it calls for measures to enable the registration of births and land to ensure that refugees can reclaim their possessions on their return. Involve local communities : Parliament stresses that that support to local communities, families, civil society organisations, including women's organisations, is necessary for any successful development policy. It therefore calls on the Commission and the Member States to give political and financial support to local peace and human rights actors. It recalls that sustainable peace is in many ways contingent on community-based involvement and ownership of the peace process. It also stresses that relevant civil society organisations can be used as facilitators for dialogue among conflicting groups. Role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) : Parliament commends the interaction between the EU and ICC and stresses that EU support is essential for the enforcement of the ICC mandate. It believes that it is vital that all states should sign and ratify the Rome Statute of the ICC in order to make the ICC system more operational , coherent and consistent. It urges the EU and AU Member States to address the implementation of all warrants of arrest issued by the ICC in a consistent way immediately in all conflict situations. The role of the European Union : Parliament fully supports the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts and the security and development measures envisaged in the EU Action Plan for 2009. However, it urges the Commission to attach high priority to the implementation of measures linked to peace-building and stresses the importance of the role of EU missions (including mediation and negotiation teams, and police and peace-keeping forces). It highlights, in particular, the need to mainstream a gender perspective into peace research, conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping operations, post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction. At the same time, it stresses that development assistance is an extremely important element in consolidating peace and preventing conflict in fragile States. Parliament emphasises that the Commission has an obligation to support the efforts of partner countries to develop democratic domestic accountability capacities (parliamentary control and audit capacities) where Community assistance is delivered via budget support. It calls for the development of monitoring and oversight mechanisms to ensure that budgetary resources allocated by the EU are used properly. The role of the European Parliament : lastly, Parliament highlights its intention to continue to take an active part in the work organised by the Commission on situations of fragility and regret the fact that the work of the Commission and the Council in this area has been slow. It calls on the Commission to keep the Parliament fully informed of measures taken and to develop best practices for issues that require broad cooperation among political, military, humanitarian and developmental actors in the areas of conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, respect for human rights, the rule of law, humanitarian assistance and long-term reconstruction and development.
  • date: 2008-12-18T00:00:00 type: End of procedure in Parliament body: EP
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  • 4.10.04 Gender equality
  • 6 External relations of the Union
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  • date: 2008-11-05T00:00:00 body: EP committees: body: EP responsible: False committee: AFET date: 2008-04-02T00:00:00 committee_full: Foreign Affairs rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: MEYER Willy body: EP responsible: True committee: DEVE date: 2007-06-06T00:00:00 committee_full: Development (Associated committee) rapporteur: group: PPE-DE name: DEVA Nirj body: EP responsible: False committee: FEMM date: 2008-06-09T00:00:00 committee_full: Women's Rights and Gender Equality (Associated committee) rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: MORGANTINI Luisa type: Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading
  • date: 2008-11-13T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A6-2008-445&language=EN type: Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading title: A6-0445/2008 body: EP type: Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
  • date: 2008-12-18T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/sda.do?id=16337&l=en type: Results of vote in Parliament title: Results of vote in Parliament url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P6-TA-2008-639 type: Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading title: T6-0639/2008 body: EP type: Results of vote in Parliament
committees
  • body: EP responsible: False committee: AFET date: 2008-04-02T00:00:00 committee_full: Foreign Affairs rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: MEYER Willy
  • body: EP responsible: True committee: DEVE date: 2007-06-06T00:00:00 committee_full: Development (Associated committee) rapporteur: group: PPE-DE name: DEVA Nirj
  • body: EP responsible: False committee: FEMM date: 2008-06-09T00:00:00 committee_full: Women's Rights and Gender Equality (Associated committee) rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: MORGANTINI Luisa
links
other
  • body: EC dg: External Relations commissioner: FERRERO-WALDNER Benita
procedure
dossier_of_the_committee
DEVE/6/61817
reference
2008/2097(INI)
title
Development perspectives on peace-building and nation building in post-conflict situations
legal_basis
stage_reached
Procedure completed
subtype
Initiative
type
INI - Own-initiative procedure
subject