Awaiting committee decision
2010/0310M(NLE) Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and Iraq
Next event: Vote in plenary scheduled 2018/07/04
Lead committee dossier: AFET/8/12730
Legal Basis RoP 99-p2
Next event: Vote in plenary scheduled 2018/07/04
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET | SAÏFI Tokia (EPP) | GOMES Ana (S&D), VISTISEN Anders Primdahl (ECR), NART Javier (ALDE), COUSO PERMUY Javier (GUE/NGL), REIMON Michel (Verts/ALE), CASTALDO Fabio Massimo (EFD) |
| Opinion | DEVE | VÄYRYNEN Paavo (ALDE) | |
| Opinion | INTA |
Legal Basis RoP 99-p2
Activites
-
2018/07/04
Vote in plenary scheduled
-
2018/06/20
Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading
Documents
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 175 |
2010/0310M(NLE)
2018/04/26
AFET
138 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas Iraq has been ravaged by decades of the dictatorial rule of Saddam Hussein, who initiated wars of aggression against Iran in 1980 and Kuwait in 1990; crippling sanctions; internal conflict after the US-led invasion of 2003, including sectarian violence and Kurdish secessionism, and the jihadist terrorism of the Da'esh; whereas all of these factors explain the magnitude of challenges Iraq faces as it strives to make progress towards better governance, economic progress and national reconciliation;
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas a significant improvement in the security situation is needed to promote stabilisation, reconciliation, inclusive governance and economic and social progress in the country both at national and local levels; whereas the EU provides assistance to security sector reform in Iraq through the EU Advisory Mission;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Calls on the European Union to acknowledge its responsibility for EU citizens who travelled to Iraq to take part in the crimes of the IS and who should face procedures under the rule of law; calls on the setting up of clear procedures regarding repatriation and legal responsibility of those affected between Iraq and the respective EU member states;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to support a reform of the judicial system, in particular with regard to transitional justice, in order to ensure compliance with international standards on fair trials and judicial independence; stresses the need for credible prosecution of those responsible for the crimes committed by Daesh, with the meaningful participation of victims and the creation of a thorough judicial record of these crimes; is concerned, at the same time, that an excessively broad scope for prosecutions, including family members of Daesh terrorists, may risk further injustices, impeding future community reconciliation and reintegration;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to support a reform of the judicial system, in particular with regard to transitional justice, in order to ensure compliance with international standards on fair trials and judicial independence to ensure accountability within government structures;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to support a reform of the judicial system, in particular with regard to transitional justice, in order to ensure compliance with international standards on fair trials and judicial independence and impartiality;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to support a reform of the judicial system, in particular with regard to transitional justice, in order to ensure compliance with international standards on due process, fair trials and judicial independence;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Calls on the Iraqi authorities to prioritise gender equality and the eradication of all violence and discrimination against women and girls, including gender-based violence; stresses in this regard the importance of abolishing the law that exonerates an accused from prosecution for rape, sexual assault, statutory rape, abduction or similar acts if the rapist marries his rape victim;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Calls on the EU to work with the Iraqi authorities to combat impunity for any crimes that are aimed at minority groups, whether ethnic, religious or other, in all their forms;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls on the EU to promote
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls on the EU to promote good relations between Iraq and its neighbours and to promote its role as a contributor to regional peace; highlights the importance of preserving the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls on the EU to promote good relations between Iraq and its neighbours
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas a significant improvement in the security situation is needed to promote stabilisation, national and local reconciliation and economic and social progress in the country;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 – subparagraph 1 (new) 15a. Calls for special assistance in order to preserve (mass) graves in areas of current or recent conflicts, with the aim of exhuming and forensically analysing the human remains therein, in order to allow for decent burial of the victims' remains or release to the family, and in order to secure evidence and enable the investigation and prosecution of suspected crimes against humanity; calls for actions from the EU and the Member States in order to urgently set up a group of experts seeking to collect all evidences of any on- going international crime, including genocide, against religious minorities, wherever they may happen, including the preservation of mass graves in areas of current or recent conflicts, with the aim of preparing international prosecution of those responsible
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Calls on the EU to promote good relations between the central government in Baghdad and the Kurdistan Regional Government in Erbil in line with the provisions of the constitution; Notes the September 2017 independence referendum held in the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan and calls on the EU to engage in dialogue with regards to the aspirations of the Kurdish people of Iraq;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. 17. Calls for the implementation of the p.8 of the UNSC Resolution 598 calling for a regional security arrangement among the littoral states of the Persian Gulf;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15b. 18. Calls for an annual commemoration day for the victims of the terrorist atrocities of Daesh, Al-Qaeda and similar terrorist organisations to be instituted globally;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and stabilisation process must be accompanied by coherent economic and social development policies which benefit all Iraqis; calls on the EU to engage fully alongside the Iraqi authorities not only to address the economic and budgetary imbalances but also to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth capable of generating jobs, particularly for young people; calls on the EU to encourage and support Iraq in providing young people, who missed out on formal education when they became forcibly displaced by Daesh, with opportunities to assess formal educational programs that will equip them with knowledge and skills to improve their chances of getting jobs;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and stabilisation process must be accompanied by coherent economic and social development policies which benefit all Iraqis; calls on the EU to engage fully alongside the Iraqi authorities not only to address the economic and budgetary imbalances but also to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth capable of generating jobs, particularly for young people, in addition to establishing a framework for trade and investment;
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and stabilisation process must be accompanied by coherent economic and social development policies which benefit all Iraqis; calls on the EU to engage fully alongside the Iraqi authorities not only to address the economic and budgetary imbalances but also to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth capable of generating jobs, particularly for young people, creating an environment favourable to investment;
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and stabilisation process must be accompanied by coherent economic and social development policies which benefit all Iraqis in a sustainable and inclusive manner; calls on the EU to engage fully alongside the Iraqi authorities not only to address the economic and budgetary imbalances but also to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth capable of generating jobs, particularly for young people;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that the reconstruction and stabilisation process must be accompanied by coherent economic and social development policies which benefit all Iraqis; calls on the EU to engage fully alongside the Iraqi authorities not only to address the economic and budgetary imbalances but also to promote sustainable and inclusive and sustainable economic growth capable of generating jobs, particularly for young people;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas a significant improvement in the security situation is needed to promote stabilisation, reconciliation and economic and social progress in the
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Calls on the EU to ensure that EU funds are invested in projects that help the Iraqi population and that adequate support is provided to municipalities in their provision of essential services and in building local governance, so as to ensure basic living standards for the population; to ensure coordination between central authorities and local municipalities in order to identify the priorities to invest in; to enhance support to civil society, notably human rights defenders; in particular, to prioritize funding for projects that support actors promoting accountability and democratic change, and that foster locally embedded dialogue and conflict- resolution mechanisms, involving young people in particular;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 – point a (new) Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Calls on the EU to enhance its cooperation in the education sectors and for a reform of education in order to ensure access to quality education at all levels and for all,
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Calls on the European Union to develop cooperation opportunities in the field of science and research, notably university cooperation and partnerships, in particular as regards Erasmus+ and exchange opportunities in the field of teaching and research;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Calls on the EU to pursue and strengthen cooperation on cultural matters in order to protect, preserve and reconstruct the artistic and cultural heritage of Iraq.
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the launch, at the request of the Iraqi authorities and as part of the Iraqi security strategy, of a mission to support security sector reform in Iraq (EUAM Iraq); hopes that this will help strengthen the public institutions and allow an impartial and inclusive police force to be established; stresses the need to incorporate and integrate militias and non-state groups into the regular security apparatus, through tailor-made reintegrating programmes, when needed;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the launch, at the request of the Iraqi authorities and as part of the Iraqi security strategy, of a mission to support security sector reform in Iraq (EUAM Iraq); hopes that this will help strengthen the public institutions and allow an impartial and inclusive police force to be established; stresses the need to encourage the demobilisation of militias and reintegration of fighters as part of a larger effort to reform the security sector;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the launch, at the request of the Iraqi authorities and as part of the Iraqi security strategy, of a mission to support security sector reform in Iraq (EUAM Iraq); hopes that this will help strengthen the public institutions and allow an impartial and inclusive police force to be established to gradually eliminate foreign controlled militias;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the EU to establish with Iraq, within the framework provided for by the PCA, a dialogue on all aspects of migration, and to implement a
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. having regard to the governance challenges facing Iraq in terms of institutional and administrative capacity building and consolidating the rule of law, law enforcement and respect for human rights; having regard to the need to normalise relations between the central government in Baghdad and the Kurdistan Regional Government of the Autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq in line with the provisions of the constitution,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses that EU-Iraq
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses that Iraq is a potentially important partner in ensuring greater diversification of energy sources and thus contributing to Europe’s energy security; believes that the EU could help Iraq to regain control of pipelines and revenues from oil that are essential for rebuilding the country after conflict;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Stresses that Iraq is a potentially important partner in ensuring greater diversification of energy sources and thus contributing to Europe’s energy security; calls on the EU, therefore, to cooperate with Iraq in the key areas of energy, the environment and water resources;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Stresses equally the need to establish as a priority the fight against corruption and the achievement of an inclusive, non-sectarian political class, representative of all parts that form the Iraqi society;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Condemns the use of the PMF for sectarian uses and calls for the rights of all Iraqis to be respected;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21b. Insists that all assistance provided by the Union is submitted to strict compliance with respect for human rights and the rule of law, and will be accompanied by a constant evaluation process, of which the European Parliament shall be duly informed in accordance with article 113 of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21b. Strongly condemns the Arabization process in disputed areas and calls on the Iraqi authorities to allow Kurds, Christians and Yezidis to return to their original areas of residence and to ensure it is safe for them to do so;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 c (new) 21c. Commends Iraq's firm compromise to join the World Trade Organisation and asks the Commission to assist the Iraqi authorities in their efforts to re-join the world economy and trade;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls for its Democracy Support and Election Coordination Group (DEG) to include Iraq in its list of priority countries for 2019 and to engage in capacity- building programmes for the Iraqi Parliament; calls on the Commission to support these programmes;
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. having regard to the governance challenges facing Iraq in terms of institutional and administrative capacity building and consolidating the rule of law, law enforcement and respect for human
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. having regard to the governance challenges facing Iraq in terms of institutional and administrative capacity building and consolidating the rule of law, law enforcement and respect for human rights; including women rights and rights of all ethnic and religious components of the Iraqi society,
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. having regard to the governance challenges facing Iraq in terms of institutional and administrative capacity building and consolidating the rule of law, law enforcement and respect for human rights
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas Kurdistan, a region of about 6 million people in northern Iraq, had tried and failed to break away from the rest of the country; whereas Baghdad had dismissed the September 25, 2017 independence referendum and sent in troops, including Shia militias to seize control of key oilfields, including around the city of Kirkuk;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas the United Nations Assistance Mission to Iraq (UNAMI) has been present in the country since 2003 and has undertaken significant work in advancing inclusive political dialogue and national reconciliation;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) Eb. whereas continued corruption and the absence of implementation of rule of law will make the narrative of reconciliation meaningless for the population; whereas accountability for the crimes committed by all parties is necessary to achieve reconciliation;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the EU has reaffirmed its commitment to building a strong partnership with Iraq, based on the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, to supporting the Iraqi authorities
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E c (new) Ec. whereas counter-terrorism laws have been used to oppress opposition politicians, detainees, demonstrators, and journalists, effectively squeezing the space for independent civil society and political freedoms in Iraq;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas it is important to tackle unemployment, especially among young people, in order to prevent them from becoming radicalized and hence easy recruits for terrorist
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas it is important to tackle unemployment and social exclusion, especially among young people, in order to prevent them from becoming easy recruits for terrorist and extremist organisations;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas it is important to tackle unemployment, especially among young people, in order to prevent them from becoming easy recruits for terrorist organisations as well as foreign-sponsored militias in Iraq and Syria;
Amendment 24 #
Fa. whereas Russia, which was the only power that has not called on Iraq’s Kurds to cancel the referendum on independence, bought via Rosnieft the Kurdistan oil export pipelines and together with Iran offered to facilitate the Kurds’ negotiations with Baghdad to get some punitive measures lifted;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) Fb. whereas the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Services who were the primary actor in the liberation of Mosul, suffered heavy casualties and must receive proper recognition and support in order to enhance its recruitment capabilities and return to an equitable and sustainable force size;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F c (new) Fc. whereas NATO continues to carry out its Capacity Building Initiative in Iraq that focuses on countering improvised explosive devices, explosive ordnance disposal, de-mining, civil-military planning, Soviet-era equipment maintenance, military medicine and reform of Iraqi security institutions;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the Iraqi authorities should
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the Iraqi authorities should view the country’s oil revenues as an opportunity and a tool for achieving sustainable social and economic reconstruction which will benefit Iraqi society as a whole; whereas significant oil deposits lie within the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the Iraqi authorities should view the country’s oil revenues as an opportunity and a tool for achieving sustainable social and economic reconstruction which will benefit Iraqi society as a whole, rather than distribute them in a clientelist way;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the EU has reaffirmed its commitment to building a strong partnership with Iraq, based on the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, to supporting the Iraqi authorities in the reconstruction phase and to tackling the root causes of the political, social and economic instability;
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas Russia has remerged as a key weapons supplier to Iraq; whereas on February 20, 2018 Iraq had received 36 contracted T-90S tanks, with another 37 tanks scheduled for delivery by late April; whereas Iran recruits young Iraqi Shia men to fight for Iran in Shia militias in Syria;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas more than 1.5 million Christian Iraqi citizens (Chaldeans, Syriacs, Assyrians and members of other Christian minorities) were living in Iraq in 2003, and whereas they constitute an ancient, native population group which is facing serious danger of persecution and exile; whereas
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas the terrorist organisation Daesh was committing genocide of the Yazidi people and waged war on Christians, Shia, Sufi and those Sunni Muslims who did not share its extreme religious practices and political views; whereas Da'esh, Al-Qaeda and like- minded terrorist organisations are inspired by the extreme version of Salafism/Wahhabism; whereas, despite the military and territorial defeat of Da'esh, the threat of this ideology still needs to be tackled through improved governance, education, provision of services, de-radicalisation efforts and full inclusion of the Sunni community in the Iraqi political process;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas in 2016 Iraqi Parliament passed a law that effectively made the constellation of Shiite militias a permanent fixture of Iraq’s security forces; whereas this ensures Iraqi funding for the groups while effectively maintaining Iran’s control over some of the most powerful units;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas Iraq is a patchwork of communities often in competition for power and control over national resources; whereas the terrorist and extremist groups could easily exploit inter-sectarian and local tensions;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas Kurds make up a significant minority of the population of Iraq, the majority of whom live within the Autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas Iraq has an extensive engagement with the United States and with Iran, and recently its relations with Saudi Arabia have also improved, which could potentially make Iraq a focal point of regional efforts to de-escalate tensions;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) is an agglomeration of 40 Shiite armed groups which officially became part of the Iraqi Defence forces in December 2016 and which continuously are used for sectarian reasons inside Iraq;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas, to date, in a country of 26 million inhabitants, there are 11 million people in need of humanitarian aid, more than 3 million Iraqis have been internally displaced, and 246.000 refugees from Syria;
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the EU has reaffirmed its commitment to building a strong partnership with Iraq, based on the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, to supporting the Iraqi authorities in the reconstruction phase and to tackling the causes of the political, social and economic instability; whereas reconstructions efforts have been estimated to cost as much as 88 billion US Dollars;
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas, to date, more than 3 million Iraqis have been internally displaced; whereas IDPs fear retribution or discrimination from the prolonged stays of forces that participated in the liberation of areas in North and Western Iraq; whereas providing economic support for IDPs to rebuild their livelihoods is essential for their return;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas, to date, more than 3 million Iraqis have been internally displaced; many of whom are hosted within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq;
Amendment 42 #
Ia. whereas the relatives of Daesh suspects have been penalized, marginalized, forcibly displaced and face real risks of revenge killings for abuses committed by Daesh; whereas collective punishment of a number of these individuals is undermining national and local reconciliation efforts in Iraq;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas Iraqi Religious Leaders, including Muslims (Shi’a and Sunni) and Christians, as well as representatives of Sabeans, Yazidis, on March 1st, 2018, adopted joint recommendations to the government of Iraq aimed at promoting coexistence and at countering religious hate speech;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas an Arabization process in disputed areas is ongoing through deliberate attempts to change the demography of disputed areas by forcibly displacing Kurds, Christians and Yezidis from original areas of residence and preventing them from returning;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas, despite the territorial defeat of Da'esh in Iraq, the jihadist threat persists and endangers the consolidation of stability and security in the country, especially along the Syrian border;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas all parts are reported to have committed a range of violations under international human rights and humanitarian law, including torture, enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) Ib. whereas Iraqi authorities are not allowing relatives of Daesh suspects to obtain civil documentation lost under Daesh, making impossible for them to work, enrol to school, divorce, register deaths, etc..; whereas Iraqi authorities have also denied access to aid in certain circumstances to relatives of Daesh suspects;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) Ib. whereas the territorial defeat of Da'esh is the result of the efforts of the Iraqui armed forces, supported by the International Coalition, as well as the different Popular Mobilization Units, the Peshmerga and other allied forces;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I c (new) Ic. whereas it is needed, for the reconstruction of the country and the integration of the Iraqi society, to surpass the differences based on religious criteria, dissolving the Popular Mobilization Units and integrating its members according to the needs of the State, a fact without which it won't be possible to achieve a functional state based on democracy and plurality;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the EU Member States involved in the 2003 war, and the EU as a whole, have a particular responsibility in assisting the Iraqi population and supporting efforts to achieve peace and stability in the country;
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I d (new) Id. whereas a united, plural and democratic Iraqi state is the guarantee for stability and development of the country and its citizens;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Stresses that the PCA is an essential instrument for implementing the EU strategy for Iraq and for strengthening our cooperation in the country’s reconstruction, stabili
Amendment 54 #
2. Stresses that the PCA is an essential instrument for implementing the EU strategy for Iraq and for strengthening our cooperation in the country’s reconstruction, stabilisation and reconciliation; emphasizes the importance of Iraqi ownership in the process of building a democratic, federal and pluralist state based on the respect for human rights and rule of law;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Stresses that the PCA is an essential instrument for implementing the EU strategy for Iraq and for strengthening our cooperation in the country’s reconstruction, stabilisation and reconciliation, with a long-term strategy;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Welcomes the initiative taken in convening the International Conference for the Reconstruction of Iraq, which took place in Kuwait on 12 February 2018;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Supports Iraq’s territorial integrity and Kurdistan’s autonomy within Iraq; believes that Iraq and Kurdistan autonomy should be able to benefit from oil exports without outside interference;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Calls on the EU to work with global and regional allies to remain engaged to foster a quick formation of an Iraqi government and prevent outside powers from distorting the outcomes of the Parliamentary elections;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EU and the Member States to maintain the humanitarian assistance they are currently providing to help and protect all Iraqis affected by the conflicts; stresses that all Iraqi people have the legal right to obtain civil documentation regardless of relatives’ alleged affiliation with Daesh, as well as to access aid without any discrimination;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EU and the Member States to maintain the humanitarian assistance they are currently providing to help and protect all Iraqis affected by the conflicts; calls on the EU and the Member States to ensure a comprehensive oversight of their provided financial assistance to ensure that the financial assistance is reaching those in need;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EU and the Member States to maintain the humanitarian assistance they are currently providing to help and protect all Iraqis affected by the conflicts; using aid as a means to help consolidate governance, democracy and rule of law;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the EU to intensify its cooperation to facilitate the stabili
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the EU to intensify its cooperation to facilitate the stabilisation of recently liberated areas and allow the safe, informed, voluntary and dignified return of internally displaced persons; encourages the EU to provide technical assistance for enhancing Iraqi capacity in demining and removal of explosive hazards from these areas; calls on the Iraqi government to work towards the acceleration of registration processes for demining organisations;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 1 a (new) Calls on the EU to continue supporting the Iraqi authorities to ensure democratic election processes, and to help the Iraqi Election Board with its efforts to allow the IDP's to vote in the elections;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the EU and the Member States to provide urgent financial assistance for the reconstruction of priority infrastructure and the restoration of essential public services, such as access to
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Urges the EU and the Member States to provide urgent financial assistance for the reconstruction of priority infrastructure and the restoration of essential public services, such as access to water and sanitation, electricity, education and healthcare; financial assistance should be designed and distributed to local entrepreneurs and businesses to ensure provision of capital for small and medium enterprises with a particular focus on foodstuffs and basic textiles;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Notes that the need for conflict prevention and for addressing security challenges as well as the demand for reconciliation, mediation and dialogue initiatives makes it necessary to significantly increase funds available for such initiatives, mainly through the use of the IcSP;
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas parliamentary elections are scheduled for 12 May 2018; whereas the full participation of all components of Iraqi society will be an important step towards an inclusive democracy and a shared sense of nationhood;
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the EU to make every effort to encourage the pursuit of a sustained and constructive dialogue between the central authority and the authorities of the Kurdistan region of Iraq in order to establish stable relations which satisfy both parties and fully respect the country’s diversity and the rights of all elements of Iraqi society
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the EU to make every effort to encourage the pursuit of a sustained and constructive dialogue between the central authority and the authorities of the Kurdistan region of Iraq in order to establish stable relations which satisfy both parties and fully respect the country’s diversity and the rights of all elements of Iraqi society, as well as the principles of the Iraqi Constitution and the unity and territorial integrity of Iraq; fostering inclusive decision making at the highest level;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – subparagraph 1 (new) 7b. Stresses the urgent need for the Kurdistan region of Iraq to implement the necessary political and economic reforms, combat corruption and enable the emergence functioning of new parties and guarantee genuine and competitive elections to the regional parliament in 2018;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its concern over the high degree of fragmentation of Iraqi society; calls on the EU, in coordination with the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the Iraqi authorities, to provide full support for a reconciliation strategy to ensure respect for the diversity of Iraq and to promote inclusive and representative governance, at national and local level, which will help strengthen a common Iraqi citizenship; welcomes the recommendations by Iraqi religious leaders for the government of Iraq to establish a council of senior clerics and scholars in Iraq, to send a request to the Iraqi parliament to indorse a law that criminalize extremist religious speeches that incites hatred and violence and punish those who encourage it, to review the curricula, in which other religions can be introduced positively, and to put emphasis on national identity (citizenship) and not on sectarian identity; calls on the EU to work with the Iraqi authorities to strengthen the rights of all ethno-religious components of Iraq so that they are afforded better protection of their rights;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its concern over the high degree of fragmentation of Iraqi society; calls on the EU, in coordination with the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the Iraqi authorities, to provide full support for
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its concern over the high degree of fragmentation of Iraqi society; calls on the EU, in coordination with the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the Iraqi authorities, to provide full support for an Iraqi-owned national reconciliation
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its concern over the high degree of fragmentation of Iraqi society; calls on the
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 – subparagraph 1 (new) 8a. Encourages the international community and the EU to provide support for preserving the diversity of ethnic, cultural and religious identities of Iraq; calls to explore, within the framework of the constitution of Iraq, the ways to recognise, protect and enhance the local self-rule of ethnic and religious minorities living in areas where they have historically had a strong presence and lived peacefully alongside each other – for example in the Sinjar mountains(Yazidis) and the Nineveh plains (Chaldean- Syrian-Assyrian peoples), within the constitution of Iraq;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on the EU and the Member States to improve civilian justice systems in the country by ensuring citizen involvement and access in the reform building process to ensure transparency and due process with a focus to prevent retaliatory violence and revenge killings;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas parliamentary elections are scheduled for 12 May 2018; whereas the US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis accused Iran of trying to influence Iraq’s election;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on the EU to work with the Iraqi authorities in order to assist them in the drafting of a national strategy for the protection and exhumation of mass graves;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 b (new) 8b. Calls on EU Member States to support an urban reconstruction planning process that permits citizen engagement in the decision making processes related to reconstruction to ensure inclusivity in urban planning and recovery with the aim to improving trust between citizens and state;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the EU to strengthen its political dialogue with the Iraqi authorities in order to promote respect for human rights, the strengthening of democratic institutions
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses the need to support the development of Iraqi civil society and its full participation in the various reform processes; maintains that particular attention should be paid to the representation of women, young people and people from ethnic and religious minorities, including
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses the need to support the development of Iraqi civil society and its full participation in the various reform processes; maintains that particular attention should be paid to the representation of women, young people and people from all ethnic and religious
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses the need to support the development of Iraqi civil society and its full political representation and participation in the various reform processes; maintains that particular attention should be paid to the representation of women, young people and people from ethnic and religious minorities
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Stresses the need to support the development of Iraqi civil society and its full participation in the various reform processes; maintains that particular attention should be paid to the representation of women, young people and people from ethnic and religious minorities
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Calls on the EU and the Member States, taking into account the body of EU law in the area of combating corruption, to initiate, with the Iraqi authorities, programmes for judicial cooperation and exchange of best practices and effective tools in order to tackle corruption and thereby ensure a fair distribution of the national wealth; emphasises the importance of the EU as a source of advice to the Iraqi Government on issues of security and governance to ensure the stability of Iraq;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas in the region, beset with the retrenchment of authoritarian regimes and practices, Iraq provides one of the few examples of competitive political environment, including multi-party system and relatively free media; whereas the political forces in the country seem to realise the necessity to form cross- sectarian alliances in order to enhance the legitimacy and stability of the system; whereas genuine and competitive elections are of fundamental importance for democratic consolidation in Iraq;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Calls on the EU and the Member States, taking into account the body of EU law in the area of combating corruption, to initiate, with the Iraqi authorities, programmes for judicial cooperation and exchange of best practices and effective tools in order to tackle widespread corruption and thereby ensure a fair distribution of the national wealth;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Continues to provide ongoing support for the broad action to combat terrorism being carried out by the Global Coalition against Daesh while ensuring the respect of international law and human rights ; calls on the EU to establish a dialogue on issues relating to the fight against terrorism with a view to reforming anti-terrorist legislation and strengthening the country’s capacity to deal with the terrorist threats; reminds that the fight against terrorism cannot be used as a pretext to crack down on political activists or violate the rights of the population;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Continues to provide ongoing support for the broad action to combat terrorism being carried out by the Global Coalition against Daesh; calls on the EU to establish a dialogue on issues relating to the fight against terrorism with a view to reforming anti-terrorist legislation and strengthening the country’s capacity to deal with the terrorist threats; calls for a commitment from the EU and the Member States, in cooperation with the Iraqi civil and military authorities, to improve the intelligence system and promote the exchange of information;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Continues to provide ongoing support for the broad action to combat terrorism being carried out by the Global Coalition against Daesh; calls on the EU to establish a dialogue on issues relating to the fight against terrorism with a view to reforming anti-terrorist legislation and strengthening the country’s capacity to deal with the terrorist threats; calls on the EU to work with the Iraqi authorities to combat impunity for any crimes that are aimed at minority groups, whether ethnic, religious or other, in all their forms;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12.
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Continues to provide ongoing support for the broad action to combat terrorism being carried out by the Global Coalition against Da'esh, which remains a prominent threat in spite of recent military gains against the organization; calls on the EU to establish a dialogue on issues relating to the fight against terrorism with a view to reforming anti-terrorist legislation and strengthening the country’s capacity to deal with the terrorist threats;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Is concerned of the continuing threat of terrorism not only from Daesh, but from other terrorist groupings like Al Qaeda and White Flags among others; recognises that the fight against terrorism in Iraq is greatly influenced by situations surrounding it, like the war in Syria; understands that the root causes of terrorism must be addressed in order to be able to combat it;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls on the EU to encourage the Iraqi authorities to adopt a national strategy to deal with
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls on the EU to encourage the Iraqi authorities to adopt a national strategy to deal with crimes committed by Daesh and to accede to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), and voluntarily accept the ICC jurisdiction from when Daesh committed mass atrocities in Iraq, to equip the ICC with the territorial jurisdiction to investigate the crimes and to prosecute Daesh fighters;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Calls on the EU to encourage the Iraqi authorities to adopt a national strategy to deal with crimes committed by Daesh and to accede to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in order to ensure accountability for the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by ISIS/Daesh;
source: 621.064
2018/05/02
DEVE
37 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the fact that the EU has identified Iraq as a pilot country in which to better address and operationalise the humanitarian-development nexus in order to foster a transition from humanitarian assistance to longer term development; urges the EU and its Member States, however, to enhance first of all their efforts to urgently address key humanitarian challenges and human needs, in particular regarding the more than 3 million internally displaced persons, challenges that directly concern the Member States, since the disastrous situation in Iraq has fostered the development of terrorist networks and waves of migration to our countries;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Stresses that rule of law, human rights and access to justice remain important challenges and that Iraq stands among the lowest ranking countries on the transparency index; insists on the EU to give priority to the implementation of political and economic reforms aiming at building institutional capacity and consolidating democracy;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Believes that, during the transition from emergency assistance to development, a long-term approach
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Believes that, during the transition from emergency assistance to development, a long-term approach, stabilisation, reforms and improvements in the areas of good governance and accountability, education and skills development, access to livelihood opportunities and provision of basic social services are priority areas for development assistance; looks forward to receiving concrete proposals on envisaged actions that respond to those needs and urges the Commission to provide evidence of the results and impacts achieved within the framework of the multiannual indicative programme 2014-2017, in which connection the effectiveness of development aid must be systematically measured and demonstrated, notably to maintain its credibility and legitimacy in the eyes of national public opinion;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Believes that, during the transition from emergency assistance to development, a long-term approach,
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Believes that, during the transition from emergency assistance to development, a long-term approach, stabilisation, reforms and improvements in the areas of good governance and accountability, education, health and skills development, access to livelihood opportunities and provision of basic social services are priority areas for development assistance; looks forward to receiving concrete proposals on envisaged actions that respond to those needs and urges the Commission to provide evidence of the results and impacts achieved within the framework of the multiannual indicative programme 2014-2017;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that the deterioration of the environment and infrastructure, successive droughts and desertification have greatly impacted rural populations and increased food insecurity and water shortages, in particular for displaced people; calls on the EU to work closely with the Iraqi authorities towards a more efficient and equitable use and management of natural resources;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Is concerned about the high dropout rate of students of both sexes from Iraqi schools (as denounced by civil society organizations, 60% of those who enrolled in primary schools in 2015 have since dropped out); highlights that high levels of literacy are key to building positive peace in conflict-affected contexts;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses the need to support Iraq in moving towards sustainable diversification of the economy to reduce reliance on exploitation and exports of raw materials such as crude oil, which accounted for 46.8% of the country’s exports in 2016.
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Notes that no clear educational strategy exists in Iraq. Highlights that educational systems are underdeveloped and that the participation of NGOs is limited;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Calls on the EU to provide educational programmes on peace and the prevention of violent extremism (PVE) and disarmament campaigns to stop the proliferation of small and medium weapons in Iraq;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 d (new) 2d. Underlines the need of strong expertise in issues related to media and freedom of expression to train local media actors in peace journalism;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 e (new) 2e. Stresses the importance to promote individual human rights awareness in order to encourage inter-community harmony and to discourage militia recruitment of young people, who are vulnerable to violence or extremism;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Insists that the provision of humanitarian aid and development assistance must be needs-based and non- partisan in order to support an effective stabilisation and reconstruction process, which requires private operators to be involved in a context in which investments are safeguarded; stresses that external actors, including the EU, must actively mitigate the risk of assistance being instrumentalised by domestic political actors or allocated in a way that discriminates against or privileges specific groups; believes, however, that what is important is to establish profitable private investment flows, but that this task will be impossible until territorial integrity is restored and a legitimate and stable central government inspires confidence on the part of new investors;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Insists that the provision of humanitarian aid and development assistance must be needs-based and non- partisan in order to support an effective stabilisation and reconstruction process; stresses that external actors, including the EU, must actively mitigate the risk of assistance being instrumentalised by domestic political actors or allocated in a way that discriminates against or privileges specific groups; recalls nevertheless that humanitarian aid and development aid must not call into question the principles of sovereignty and free administration of the countries concerned;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Insists that the provision of humanitarian aid and development assistance must be needs-based and non- partisan in order to support an effective stabilisation and reconstruction process, including safe return of religious minorities and ethnic groups into their homes; stresses that external actors, including the EU, must actively mitigate the risk of assistance being instrumentalised by domestic political actors or allocated in a way that discriminates against or privileges specific groups;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls on the EU to ensure that EU funds are invested in projects that help the Iraqi population and that adequate support is provided to municipalities in their provision of essential services and in building local governance, so as to ensure basic living standards for the population; to ensure coordination between central authorities and local municipalities in order to identify the priorities to invest in; to enhance support to civil society, notably human rights defenders; in particular, to prioritize funding for projects that support actors promoting accountability and democratic change, and that foster locally embedded dialogue and conflict- resolution mechanisms, involving young people in particular;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Expresses deep concern about the fact that corruption in Iraq is widespread and multilevel, and it appears that there is not any clear strategy for tackling it;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Stresses that there is a perceived lack of justice and presence of double standards within the Iraqi judicial system; notes that Iraqi judicial institutions do not seem to take the necessary actions to prosecute human rights violators and other criminals, even in cases where the evidence presented is derived from international reports;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Notes that the security sector reform in Iraq is an important challenge that should be supported by the UN; stresses the need to work towards the demobilisation of militias and reintegration of fighters as part of the security sector reform;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Deplores that any reconciliation programmes in Iraq lack justice measures and fail to address victims’ rights or the need to promote the return of all displaced communities to their home areas;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EU and Member States to provide enhanced technical assistance to the Iraqi authorities for sound natural resource management, improved tax collection and the reduction of illicit financial flows, with the aim of ensuring that Iraq will be able to finance its development domestically in the medium term and reduce inequality among its population and its regions; stresses the need to actively advise the private sector and investors with a view to enhancing both conflict sensitivity and their contribution to peacebuilding and sustainable development.
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the EU to invest in local economy recovery and development, notably by increasing its support to entrepreneurship, SMEs and vocational training, promoting investment in priority areas such as energy and agriculture, and encouraging public-private partnerships; believes that creating a inciting environment for the development of the private sector will not only allow to tackle youth unemployment in the country, but also help create opportunities for the post- conflict return of IDPs and refugees;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Underlines that the fight against terrorism must not be limited to repressive actions, but be consistent with the fulfilment of human rights and international law in order to avoid further or renewed radicalisation; calls upon political, development, security and other social actors, to thoroughly analyse and address coherently the drivers for radicalisation, violent extremism and terrorist recruitment.
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the EU to strengthen engagement with Iraqi civil society actors. Stresses that a gender-sensitive approach to stabilisation and reconstruction process is necessary in order to include women effectively;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Highlights the need to invest in Iraqi agriculture in view of its high employment potential and the importance of repopulating rural areas where the population is in constant decline due to the conflicts.
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Recalls that women and girls disproportionately affected by conflict and extremism and that they are more vulnerable to violence and abuses, including sexual violence, torture, human trafficking, slavery and child marriage; stresses the need to address the specific humanitarian and development needs of women and girls, particularly in displaced communities; calls on the EU to further promote equality between women and men and women’s empowerment though its development efforts and to emphasize the role of women in recovery and peacebuilding in the country;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Encourages the engagement of civil society organisations (CSOs) in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes in Iraq. Considers that there is a lack of information and transparency about government strategies and the actors who are implementing them;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Calls on the EU to implement programmes enabling people to participate in local decision-making processes and to reinforce the transparency and accountability of institutions;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the fact that the EU has identified Iraq as a pilot country in which to better address and operationalise the humanitarian-development nexus in order to foster a transition from humanitarian assistance to longer term development; urges the EU and its Member States, however, to enhance first of all their efforts to urgently address key humanitarian challenges and human needs, in particular regarding the more than 3 million internally displaced persons, and especially the Christian minorities which are particularly affected;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the fact that the EU has identified Iraq as a pilot country in which to better address and operationalise the humanitarian-development nexus in order to foster a transition from humanitarian assistance to longer term development; urges the EU and its Member States, which can actively cooperate amongst themselves in this field, however, to enhance first of all their efforts to urgently address key humanitarian challenges and human needs, in particular regarding the more than 3 million internally displaced persons;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that poverty is widespread in the country and that although being an upper middle country, years of violence, conflict and sectarianism have considerably undermined development progress; calls on the EU to focus its development assistance, through targeted projects, on the most vulnerable groups and the people most in need, namely women and children, youth, IDPs and refugees;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Urges the EU to remain committed to emergency assistance in the country, bearing in mind that there are more than 3 million internally displaced persons in the country, of whom more than 1.6 million are living in appalling hygienic and sanitary conditions. Stresses also that about half of the internally displaced persons are minors and that, of these, 600 000 have not received any form of education.
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that social and political processes and dynamics in Iraq are highly male-dominated and affected by an excessive influence of religious leaders. Deplores that this often results in the exclusion of women and secular groups from social interactions;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Insists that sustainable and inclusive growth should be supported according to Iraqi national development priorities;
source: 621.981
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