2012/2096(INI) | [ParlTrack]

Motion for a resolution
Citation 2 a (new)

- having regard to the Commission Communication on critical infrastructure protection in the fight against terrorism (COM(2004)0702 final),

Amendment 10 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 b (new)

- having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 of 18 January 2012 and introducing export restrictions on ICTs and monitoring tools6, __________________ 6 OJ L 16, 19.1.2012, p.1.

Amendment 100 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5 a. Reaffirms the notion of the Internet, data connection and storage, and ICTs as essential parts of the EU's critical infrastructure;

Amendment 101 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Notes that recent cyber attacks against European information networks and governmental information systems have caused ~~considerable~~ economic and security damage, the extent of which has not been adequately assessed;

Amendment 102 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Calls on all EU institutions to include in their risk analysis and crisis management plans the issue of cyber crisis management; calls, furthermore, on all EU institutions to provide awareness-raising trainings on cyber security to all of its staff; suggests conducting cyber exercises ~~once a year~~regularly similarly to emergency exercises;

Amendment 103 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Underlines the importance of the efficient development of the EU Computer Emergency Response Team (EU-CERT) and of national CERTs as well as the development of national contingency plans in the event that action needs to be taken; welcomes the fact that, by May 2012, all EU Member States hadve set up national CERTs; urges the further development of national CERTs and an EU CERT capable of being deployed within 24 hours if needed; stresses the need to look into the feasibility of a public- private partnerships in this field;

Amendment 104 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. ~~Underlines the importance of the efficient development of the EU Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) and CERTs a~~Notes that a Rapid Reaction Team (RRT) capability of 6 NATO cyber defence experts weill ~~as the development of national contingency plans in the event that action needs to be taken; welcomes~~be operational by the end of 2012; notes that given these capabilities, and the fact that, by May 2012, all EU Member States had set up national C~~ERTs; urges the further development of national CERTs and EU CERT capable of being deployed within 24 hours~~omputer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs), further clarity ifs needed~~; stresses the need to look into the feasibility of a public-private partnership in this field~~ to justify the development of parallel EU CERTs;

Amendment 105 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Recognises that ‘Cyber Europe 2010’, the first pan-European exercise on critical information infrastructure protection, which was carried out with the involvement of various Member States and led by ENISA, proved to be a helpful action and an example of good practices; stresses also the need to create the Critical Infrastructure Warning Information Network at European level as soon as possible;

Amendment 106 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10 a. calls on the Council to consider the inclusion of cyber security as a subject area within the European External Acton Service, either as a part of the existing attache structure or with its own dedicated attache.

Amendment 107 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10 a. Emphasises the importance of pan- European exercises in preparation for large-scale network security incidents, and the definition of a single set of standards for threat assessment;

Amendment 108 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

~~11. Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Coordination post;~~deleted

Amendment 109 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Coordination post considering that the vast number of ongoing activities performed by various international and EU institutions, bodies, agencies and Member States requires coordination in order to avoid duplication;

Amendment 11 #

Indrek TARAND, Amelia ANDERSDOTTER

Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 a (new)

- having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 264/2012 of 23 March 2012 amending Regulation (EU) No 359/2011 concerning restrictive measures directed against certain persons, entities and bodies in view of the situation in Iran and introducing export restrictions on ICTs and monitoring tools7, __________________ 7 OJ L 86, 24.3.2012, p. 26.

Amendment 110 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. ~~Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Coordination post~~Regrets the lack of clarity the Commission has displayed in its communications to the parliament and the public about the establishment of the Cyber Crime Centre and its expected future mission;

Amendment 111 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Coordination post to help integrate the various initiatives, programs and activities across the EU institutions;

Amendment 112 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission to explore the necessity and feasibility of an EU Cyber Defence Coordination post;

Amendment 113 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)

11 a. Considers that given the high level of skill required in both the adequate defence of cyber systems and infrastructures and their attack, a "white hat" strategy should be developed between the Commission, Council and member states, in order to recruit EU citizens convicted for cyber attacks that required a high level of expertise; notes that the potential for "brain drain" in these cases is high and that, notably minors convicted for such attacks, have a high potential for both rehabilitation and integration in defence agencies and bodies;

Amendment 114 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. ~~Welcomes the recent initiatives and projects relat~~Stresses that safeguarding to cyber ~~defence, especially on gathering and mapping relevant cyber security and defence data, challenges and need~~security must be a task for civil organisations, actors and institutions;

Amendment 115 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Welcomes the recent initiatives and projects relating to cyber defence, especially on gathering and mapping relevant cyber security and defence data, challenges and needs and urges Member States to cooperate more, also at military level, with the EDA on cyber defence;

Amendment 116 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

Amendment 117 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. Underlines the importance for Member States of close cooperation with the EDA on developing their national cyber defence capabilities; believes that building synergies, pooling and sharing at European level are crucial for effective cyber defence at European and national levelat the EDA should undertake any work in this sphere only after close consultation with Member States, to avoid any possible duplication of effort;

Amendment 118 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14

14. Encourages the EDA to deepen its cooperation with NATO, national and international centres of excellence, and especially with the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE), and to concentrate on capacity building, training as well as on exchange of information and practices;deleted

Amendment 119 #

Indrek TARAND, Amelia ANDERSDOTTER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14

14. Encourages the EDA to deepen its cooperation with NATO, national and international centres of excellence, the European Cybercrime Centre at Europol contributing to faster reactions in the event of cyber attacks and especially with the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE), and to concentrate on capacity building, training as well as on exchange of information and practices;

Amendment 12 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 13 a (new)

- having regard to the report of the European Network and Information Security Agency on co-operation between Computer Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Agencies, published on the 28th of February 2012,

Amendment 120 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)

14a. Also encourages future cooperation between the EDA and the new European Cybercrime Centre;

Amendment 121 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Observes with concern that only one Member State achieved the level of 2 % expenditure on defence research and development by 2010, and that five Member States spent nothing on R&D in 2010; urges the EDA, together with Member States, to pool resources and to effectively invest in collaborative research and development, with particular regard to cyber security and defenceUrges the Commission to examine what resources are necessary to safeguard cyber security on the basis of a realistic assessment of the actual threats;

Amendment 122 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Observes with concern that only one Member State achieved the level of 2 % expenditure on defence research and development by 2010, and that five Member States spent nothing on R&D in 2010; urges the EDA, together with Member States, to ~~pool resources~~invest carefully and to effectively ~~invest~~ in collaborative research and development, with particular regard to cyber security and defence;

Amendment 123 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Calls on all Member States to develop and complete their respective national cyber security and defence strategies with no further delay and ensure a solid policy- making and regulatory environment, comprehensive risk management procedures and appropriate preparatory measures and mechanisms; calls on ENISA to assist the Member States; expresses its support to ENISA in developing a Good Practice Guide on good practices and recommendations on how to develop, implement and maintain a cyber security strategy;

Amendment 124 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 a (new)

16 a. Calls on all Member States to focus national cyber security strategies on the protection of information systems and associated data and to consider the protection this critical infrastructure as part of their respective duty of care; urges the Member States to adopt and implement strategies, guidelines and instruments that provide reasonable levels of protection against reasonably identifiable levels of threats, with costs and burdens of the protection proportionate to the probable damage to the parties concerned; calls on Member States to take appropriate steps to oblige legal persons under their jurisdictions to protect personal data under their care;

Amendment 125 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. ~~Encoura~~Urges Member States ~~to create designated cyber security and cyber defence units within their military structure~~, in the light of western cyber attacks that have already taken place and announcements regarding the setting-up of offensive cyber units, to stand back from any militarisation of the Internet;

Amendment 126 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Encourages Member States to create designated cyber security and cyber defence units within their military structure, with a view to cooperate with similar bodies in other EU Member States;

Amendment 127 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Encourages all Member States to create designated cyber security and cyber defence units within their military structure, where these are not already in place;

Amendment 128 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)

17 a. Is concerned by the allegations that the cyber security units of some member states are inserting spyware in software and devices targeting end-users and European consumers; strongly believes that covert surveillance of civilians that are not under the suspicion of having committed a crime, nor suspected of participating in covert activities aiming at destabilising the normal democratic process, should be the target of government operated surveillance and monitoring;

Amendment 129 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)

17a. Encourages the Member States to introduce specialised courts at regional level geared to ensuring that attacks on information systems are punished more effectively; stresses the need to encourage the adaptation of national laws so that they can be adjusted to developments in techniques and uses;

Amendment 13 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas in today's globalised world, the EU and its Member States have become crucially reliant on ~~safe cyber space~~resilient and reliable information services and associated infrastructures;

Amendment 130 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Urges the Member States to develop national contingency plans and to include cyber crisis management in crisis management plans and risk analysis; further underlines the importance of adequate training on essential cyber security for all staff in public entities, and in particular of providing suitable training for members of judicial and security institutions within the training bodies; calls on ENISA and other relevant bodies to assist Member States in ensuring the pooling and sharing of resources as well as avoiding duplication;

Amendment 131 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Urges the Member States to develop national contingency plans and to include cyber crisis management in crisis management plans and risk analysis; further underlines the importance of adequate training on essential cyber security for all staff in public entities; calls on ENISA and other relevant bodies to assist Member States in ~~ensuring the pooling and sharing of resources as well as~~ avoiding duplication;

Amendment 132 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

20. Urges the Member States to make research and development one of the core pillars of cyber security and defence and to encourage the training of engineers specialised in protecting information systems; calls on the Member States to live up their commitment to increase defence expenditure on research and development to at least 2 %, with particular regard to cyber security and defence;

Amendment 133 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

20. Urges the Member States to make research and development one of the core pillars of cyber security and defence; calls on the Member States to live up their commitment to increase defence expenditure on research and development to at least 2 %, with particular regard to cyber security and defencebase their spending on safeguarding cyber security on a clear assessment of the actual risks;

Amendment 134 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21

21. Calls on the Commission and Member States to come forward with programmes to promote general safe use of in~~ternet and information system~~formation and communication technologies; calls on the Member States to include awareness- raising measures and education fo~~n cybe~~r use~~curity in school curricula from the earliest possible age~~rs of information and communication technologies on best practises on the securing personal data as well as sustainable maintenance of communication services in schools;

Amendment 135 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)

21 a. Stresses that Member States should aim never to endanger their citizens' rights and freedoms when developing their responses to cyber threats and attacks and should have adequate legislative differences between civilian and military level cyber incidents;

Amendment 136 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 a (new)

22 a. Calls on the private sector partners to consider security by-design solutions when designing new products, devices, services and applications. Also, there should be created incentives for those designing new products, devices, services and applications having as central point security-by-design;

Amendment 137 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 a (new)

22 a. Highlights that the protection of critical information infrastructure is included in the EU Internal Security Strategy in the context of raising levels of security for citizens as well as businesses in cyberspace;

Amendment 138 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22 a (new)

22a. Calls for minimum transparency standards and accountability mechanisms to be established with regard to cooperation with the private sector to prevent and combat cyber attacks;

Amendment 139 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

Amendment 14 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas in today's globalised world, the EU and its Member States have become crucially reliant on a safe cyber space and a secure use of information and digital technologies;

Amendment 140 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Is of the view that Member States, EU institutions and the private sector, in cooperation with ENISA, should take steps to increase the security and integrity of information systems, to prevent attacks and to minimise the impact of attacks; Supports the Commission in its efforts to come forward with minimum cyber security standards for companies; calls on the Commission to establish the European Public-Private Partnership for Resilience, which would be integrated with the work of ENISA and the European Government CERTs Group;

Amendment 141 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Is of the view that Member States, EU institutions and the private sector, in cooperation with ENISA, should take steps to increase the security and integrity of information systems, to prevent attacks and to minimise the impact of attacks; Supports the Commission in its efforts to come forward with minimum cyber security standards for companies; also supports moves towards establishing voluntary or mandatory certification schemes;

Amendment 142 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Is of the view that Member States, EU institutions and the private sector, in cooperation with ENISA, should take steps to increase the security and integrity of information systems, to prevent attacks and to minimise the impact of attacks; Supports the Commission in its efforts to come forward with minimum cyber security standards for companies as well as providing the right incentives to stimulate private sector efforts to improve security;

Amendment 143 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

25. Calls on the Commission and on the Member States' governments to encourage the private ~~sector~~ and civil society actors to include cyber crisis management in their crisis management plans and risk analysis; calls, further~~more,~~ for ~~the~~ introduc~~tion of~~ing awareness- raising training on essential cyber security and ~~cyber hygiene~~data protection for all members of their staff;

Amendment 144 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)

28 a. Calls on the External Action Service and the Council to begin taking into account cyber security and defence when negotiating Association Agreements and Partnership and Cooperation Agreements with third states, as well as other major treaties; suggests that such agreements should have a cyber defence clause, with the aim that partner countries will recognize and cooperate on the same cyber security criteria as the EU, including on the matter of identifying, prosecuting and sentencing cyber attackers within their borders;

Amendment 145 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Stresses that the completion of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy is a precondition to establishing the sort of efficient international cooperation on cyber security that the cross-border nature of cyber threats necessitates;deleted

Amendment 146 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31

31. Is aware of the need for an internationally agreed and coordinated response to cyber threats; calls, therefore, on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take the lead in the efforts to achieve a broader international ~~agreement on~~cooperation and finally agreement on defining a common understanding of norms of behaviour in cyber space;

Amendment 147 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31

31. Is aware of the need for an internationally agreed and coordinated response to cyber threats; calls, therefore, on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take the lead in the efforts to achieve a broader international agreement on norms of behaviour in cyber space, and also to encourage cooperation with a view to developing cyber weapon control agreements;

Amendment 148 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31

31. Is aware of the need for an internationally agreed and coordinated response to cyber ~~threat~~challenges; calls, therefore, on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take the lead in the efforts to achieve a broader international agreement on norms of behaviour in cyber space, with a firm base in the value of an open internet and the ability of a resilient, accessible and robust infrastructure to provide the opportunities for democratic development;

Amendment 149 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31

31. Is aware of the need for an internationally agreed and coordinated response to cyber threats; calls, therefore, on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take the lead in ~~the efforts to achieve a broader international agreement on norms of behaviour in cyber space~~all fora, starting with the United Nations in order to elaborate and international agreement on the definitions and norms for cross-border cyber attacks that can affect the security and defence of a state; considers that such a document should also include appropriate means of prevention as well as mitigation of such attacks, with the aim to prevent cyber attacks to threaten international peace and stability;

Amendment 15 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

A a. whereas internet access is a key enabler of access to information, free expression, press freedom, freedom of assembly, and economic, social, political and cultural developments;

Amendment 150 #

Arnaud DANJEAN, Michael GAHLER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. Proposes to set up a joint working group with BRICS countries in order to tackle cyber security matters, and especially to explore possibilities for a possible common response to growing cybercrime and cyber attacks; calls on the Member States to work towards the conclusion of an international treaty on use of the Internet strictly for civil purposes;

Amendment 151 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. ~~Proposes to set up a joint working group with BRICS countries in order to tackle cyber security matters, and especially to explore possibilities for a~~Encourages exchanges of knowledge in the field of cyber security with BRICS countries, with the aim of exploring possible common responses to growing cybercrime and cyber attacks;

Amendment 152 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. Proposes to set up a joint working group with BRICS countries and other countries with emerging economies in order to tackle cyber security matters, and especially to explore possibilities for a possible common response to growing cybercrime and cyber attacks;

Amendment 153 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. Proposes to set up a joint working group with BRICS countries in order to tackle cyber security matters, and especially to explore possibilities for a possible common response to growing cyber~~crime and cyber attacks~~ threats and attacks, at both civilian and military levels ;

Amendment 154 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33

33. Urges the EEAS and the Commission to take a proactive approach within the relevant international forums and organisations, notably the UN, the OSCE, the OECD and the World Bank, with the aim of applying existing international law and achieving consensus on norms for responsible state behaviour on cyber security ~~and defence~~, and by coordinating the positions of the Member States with a view to promoting the EU's core values and policies in the field of cyber security ~~and defence~~;

Amendment 155 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34

34. Calls on the Council and the Commission ~~to insist, during its negoti~~, as part of their dialogues, relations and cooperation agreements with third countries, particularly those providing for cooperation or exchange in the field of technology, to insist on minimum requirements for preventing and fighting cyber criminality and cyber attacks; and on minimum standards in information system security;

Amendment 156 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 34

34. Calls on the Council and the Commission to insist, during its negotiations and cooperation with third countries, on minimum requirements for preventing and fighting cyber criminality and cyber attacks; and on min~~imum standards in information system security~~formation sharing at the level of counter cyber attacks bodies;

Amendment 157 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 35

35. Calls on the Commission to facilitate and assist third countries, if needed, in their efforts to build their cyber security ~~and cyber defence~~ capabilities;

Amendment 158 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 36

36. Reiterates that, on the basis of their common values and strategic interests, the EU and NATO have a special responsibility and capacity to address the increasing cyber security challenges more efficiently and in close cooperation by looking for possible complementarities, without duplication and with respect for their respective responsibilities;deleted

Amendment 159 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. Underlines the need to pool and share on a practical level, considering the complementary nature of the EU and NATO approach to cyber security and defence; emphasises the need for closer coordination, especially concerning planning, technology, training and equipment with regard to cyber security and defence;deleted

Amendment 16 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)

A b. whereas information and communication technologies are also used as tools of repression through (mass) censorship, surveillance, and tracing and tracking of information and individuals;

Amendment 160 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. Underlines the need to pool and share on a practical level, considering the complementary nature of the EU and NATO approach to cyber security ~~and defence~~; emphasises the need for closer coordination, especially concerning planning, technology, training and equipment with regard to cyber security ~~and defence~~;

Amendment 161 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. ~~Underlines the need to pool and share on a practical level, considering the complementary nature of the EU and NATO approach to cyber security and defence; e~~Emphasises the need for c~~loser~~areful coordination, especially concerning planning, technology, training and equipment with regard to cyber security and defence, to avoid any unnecessary duplication of effort in this sphere;

Amendment 162 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 38

38. Building on the existing complementary activities in defence capability development, urges all relevant bodies in the EU dealing with cyber security and defence to deepen their practical cooperation with NATO with a view to exchanging experience and learning how to build resilience for EU systems;deleted

Amendment 163 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 39

39. Believes that the EU and the US should deepen their mutual cooperation to ~~counter~~prevent cyber attacks and cybercrime, since this was made a priority of the transatlantic relationship following the 2010 EU-US Summit in Lisbon;

Amendment 164 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 39 a (new)

39 a. Underlines the importance of a structured dialogue between the main players and legislators in the EU and the USA involved in cyber defence for a common understanding and common interpretations and positions regarding legal and governance frameworks;

Amendment 165 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 39 a (new)

39 a. Calls on the EU to address and resist the extra territorial impact of third country laws, notably IPR laws of the United States, on EU citizens, consumers and businesses, in this context calls on the Commission to swiftly present its EU-wide Cloud Computing Strategy as highlighted in the Digital Agenda for Europe;

Amendment 166 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 41 a (new)

41 a. Underlines the need for both the US and the EU, as the biggest sources of both cyber space and users, to work together for the protection of their citizen's rights and freedoms to use this space; underlines that while national security is a paramount objective, cyber space should be secured but also protected;

Amendment 17 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)

A c. whereas the context in which technologies are used determines to a great extent the impact these technologies can have as a force for positive developments or for repression instead;

Amendment 18 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A d (new)

A d. whereas these changes create new contexts which require the application of existing laws in new contexts based on a strategy to mainstream internet and ICTs in the EU's foreign and security policies;

Amendment 19 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas cyber challenges and threats are growing at a dramatic pace and constitute a major threat to the security, stability and competitiveness of the nation states as well as of the private sector; whereas such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are increasingly of a politically motivated nature; whereas, while the vast majority of cyber incidents remain primitive, threats to critical assets become increasingly sophisticated and warrant in- depth protection;

Amendment 2 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)

- having regard to the Commission proposal on attacks against information systems and repealing Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA (COM(2010)0517),

Amendment 20 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas cyber challenges and threats are ~~growing at a dramatic pace and constitute a major threat to the security, stability and competitiveness of the nation s~~quickening in pace but generally remain primitive; whereas it has been reported that the United States has ~~well as of the private sector; whereas such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are increasingly of a politically motivated natu~~already carried out cyber attacks on third countries, and other EU countries, including Germany, are; w~~hereas the vast majority of cyber incidents remain prim~~orking to develop such capabilitives;

Amendment 21 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas ~~cyber challenges and threats are growing at a dramatic pace and constit~~risks associated with cyber security constitute a challenge to the regulatory and technical level, bute a ~~major threat to the~~lso to security, stability and competitiveness of the nation states as well as of the private sector; whereas ~~such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are increasingly~~a majority of highly visible and disruptive cyber incidents are now of a politically motivated nature; whereas the vast majority of cyber incidents are~~main primitiv~~ not of a nature which is technically challenging to overcome;

Amendment 22 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas cyber challenges and threats are growing a~~t a dramatic pace~~ nd cand constitute a major threat to the security, stability and competitiveness of ~~the nation~~ states as well as of the private sector; whereas such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are ~~increasingly~~also of a politically motivated nature; whereas the vast majority of cyber incidents remain primitive;

Amendment 23 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas cyber challenges ~~and threat~~, threats and attacks are growing at a dramatic pace and constitute a major threat to the security, ~~stability and competitiveness of the nation~~defence and stability of EU states as well as of the private sector; whereas ~~such threats should not therefore be considered future issues; whereas cyber challenges and threats are~~cyber challenges and attacks create a permanent liability for the security and defence of Europe, whether stemming from individual or state-based interests, increasingly ~~of a~~ political~~ly motivated~~ in nature; whereas the vast majority of cyber incidents remain primitive;

Amendment 24 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)

B a. whereas cyberspace, with its nearly 2 billion globally interconnected users, has become one of the most potent and efficient means of advancing democratic ideas and organising people as they seek to realise their aspirations for freedom and fight against dictatorships; whereas the use of cyberspace by undemocratic and authoritarian regimes poses an increasing threat to individuals' rights to freedom of expression and association; whereas it is therefore crucial to ensure that cyberspace will remain open to the free flow of ideas, information and expression;

Amendment 25 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)

B b. Whereas cyberspace needs to be both secured and protected;

Amendment 26 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas ~~there are~~cyber security cooperation faces numerous obstacles of a political, legislative and organisational nature in the EU and its Member States; whereas there is a lack of common standards and common measures in the sensitive and vulnerable area of cyber security;

Amendment 27 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas there are numerous obstacles of a political, legislative and organisational nature in the EU and its Member States to the development of a comprehensive and unified approach to cyberdefence; whereas there is a lack of common definition, standards and common measures in the sensitive and vulnerable area of cyber security;

Amendment 28 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

~~D. whereas sharing and coordination within the EU institutions and with and between Member States is still insufficient;~~deleted

Amendment 29 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas sharing of resources and coordination of policies within the EU institutions and with and between Member States is still insufficient;

Amendment 3 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)

- having regard to its resolution of 22 May 2012 on the European Union's Internal Security Strategy 4, __________________ 4 Texts adopted, P7_TA-PROV(2012)0207

Amendment 30 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas sharing and coordination within the EU institutions and with and between Member States, as well as with outside partners is still insufficient;

Amendment 31 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas a clear and harmonised ~~definitions of ‘cyber~~cyber security terminology is lacking in the international debate, causing a general confusion as to the secuverity~~’ and ‘cyber defence’ are lacking at EU and international levels; whereas the understanding of cyber security and other key terminology varies considerably among different countri~~ of incidents described as well as which measure appropriate to put in place to remedy said incidents; whereas the large scope of different activities and events that can cause disturbances in the provision of information and communication services require very different responses, thus increasing the need for a terminology which is balanced, proportional and accurate to the individual circumstances;

Amendment 32 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas clear and harmonised definitions of ‘cyber security’ and ‘cyber defence’ are lacking at EU and international levels; whereas the understanding of cyber security and other key terminologyies var~~ies~~y considerably ~~among~~between different countries;

Amendment 33 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the EU has not yet developed coherent policies of its own regarding critical information ~~and~~ infrastructure protection;

Amendment 34 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the EU has not yet developed coherent policies of its own regarding critical information and infrastructure protection which requires a multidisciplinary approach that needs to cover the important aspects of civil liberties, justice and home affairs such as internal security, data protection and the right to confidentiality, thus enhancing security while respecting fundamental rights;

Amendment 35 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas ~~the EU has not yet developed coherent policies of its own regarding~~ critical information and infrastructure protection is of vital importance to all EU Member States;

Amendment 36 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the EU has ~~not yet~~ developed ~~coherent policies of its own regarding~~an initiative on critical information and infrastructure protection, with an Action Plan published by the Commission in 2011;

Amendment 37 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas the EU has proposed various initiatives to tackle cybercrime, including the establishment of a new European Cybercrime Centre;

Amendment 38 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas the E~~U has proposed various initiatives to tackle cybercrime, including the establishment of a new Cybercrime Centre~~uropean Union has enacted different initiatives to tackle cybercrime, such as proposing establishing a new Cyber Crime Centre and a directive on attack against information systems replacing the relevant framework decision, a regulatory framework for online advertisement and strong security requirements for, for instance, the online banking and financial sector;

Amendment 39 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas the EU has proposed various initiatives to tackle civilian level cybercrime, including the establishment of a new Cybercrime Centre, yet lacks any concrete plan at the level of security and defence;

Amendment 4 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)

- having regard to the reports of the UN Special Rapporteur Frank La Rue, of 16 May 2011 (A/HRC/17/27) and 10 August 2011 (A/66/290), on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, which underline the applicability of international human rights norms and standards regarding the right to freedom of opinion and expression on the internet, seen as a communications medium,

Amendment 40 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas the EU has proposed various initiatives to tackle cybercrime, including the establishment of a new Cybercrime Centre; notes that both the establishment and subsequent work-programmes of this centre should be, where possible, budget neutral;

Amendment 41 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas building trust and confidence between the private sector and ~~law enforcem~~competent authorities is of utmost importance in the fight against cybercrime;

Amendment 42 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas building trust and confidence between the private sector ~~and~~, law enforcement authorities and defence institutions is of utmost importance in the fight against cybercrime;

Amendment 43 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas a large number of cyber incidents in ~~the~~both public and private sectors remain unreported due to the sensitive nature of the information and possible damage to the image of the companies involved;

Amendment 44 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas ~~a large number~~the majority of cyber incidents in the private sector remain unreported due to the sensitive nature of the information and possible damage to the image of the companies involved; whereas many cyber attacks against governmental institutions and bodies are also seldom reported;

Amendment 45 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)

J a. whereas a large number of cyber incidents occur due to lack of resilience and robustness of private and public network infrastructure, poorly protected or secured databases and other flaws in the critical information infrastructure; whereas only few Member States consider the protection of their network and information systems and associated data as part of their respective duty of care which explains the lack of investment in state-of-the art security technology, training and the development of appropriate guidelines;

Amendment 46 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)

J a. Whereas the majority of perpetrators in high level cyber attacks, that threaten national or international security and defence, are never identified and prosecuted; whereas there is no internationally agreed upon response to a state-backed cyber attack against another state, nor an understanding if this could be considered as a casus belli;

Amendment 47 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) is being engaged as a facilitator for Member States to support the exchange of good practices in the area of cyber security by recommending how to develop, implement and maintain a cyber security strategy; and has a supportive role in National Cyber Security Strategies, National Contingency Plans, organising Pan- European and International exercises on Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP), and development of scenarios for national exercises;deleted

Amendment 48 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

La. whereas a large number of Member States depend on security technology from third countries, and they should increase their efforts to reduce this dependency;

Amendment 49 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas cyber defence is ~~one of the top priorities of the EDA, which has set up, under the Capabilities Development Plan, a project team on cyber security with the majority of Member Stat~~a task for civil actors and organisations and must not be a task for the armed forces work in~~g to collect experiences and propose recommendation~~stitutions close to the armed forces;

Amendment 5 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 b (new)

- having regard to its legislative resolution of 27 September 2011 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 1334/2000 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use items and technology,

Amendment 50 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas cyber defence is one of the top priorities of the EDA, which has set up, under the Capabilities Development Plan, a project team on cyber security with the majority of Member States working to collect experiences and propose recommendationshas been part of NATO's agenda for more than a decade, following the adoption of the 'Cyber Defence Programme' at the 2002 Prague Summit; whereas work is also being undertaken under the auspices of other organisations, including the EDA; whereas cyber defence features in the top priorities of the EDA;

Amendment 51 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas investments in cyber security ~~and defence~~ research and development are crucial for advancing and for maintaining a high level of cyber security and defence; whereas defence expenditure on research and development has decreased instead of reaching agreed 2% of overall defence expendituremust be in a reasonable relation to the expected risk;

Amendment 52 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas investments into cyber security ~~and defence research and development~~ are crucial ~~for~~to advanc~~ing~~e and ~~for~~ maintain~~ing a~~ high level of cyber security ~~and defence~~; whereas defence expenditure on research and development has decreased instead of reaching agreed 2% of overall defence expenditure;

Amendment 53 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas raising awareness and educating ~~citizens on cyber security~~users of information and communication technologies on best practises on the securing personal data as well as sustainable maintenance of communication services should constitute the basis of any comprehensive cyber security strategy;

Amendment 54 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas raising awareness and educating citizens on cyber security should ~~constitute the basis~~be a part of any comprehensive cyber security strategy;

Amendment 55 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P

P. whereas ~~a clear balance~~security measures hasve to ~~be established between security measures and citizens' rights~~respect and fundamental rights incumbent upon the EU and its Member States in accordance with articles 2, 6 and 21 TFEU, such as the freedom of expression, data protection and privacy;

Amendment 56 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P

P. whereas a clear balance has to be established between security measures and citizens’ rights, offering sufficient guarantees of the right to a good reputation, privacy and the protection of personal data, without giving rise to restrictions on freedom of expression;

Amendment 57 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P

P. whereas a clear balance has to be established between security measures and citizens' rights, with neither being scarified in the name of the other;

Amendment 58 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Q. whereas cyberspace, with its nearly 2 billion globally interconnected users, has become one of the most potent and efficient means of advancing democratic ideas and organising people as they seek to realise their aspirations for freedom and fight against dictatorships; whereas the use of cyberspace by undemocratic and authoritarian regimes poses an increasing threat to individuals' rights to freedom of expression and association; whereas it is therefore crucial to ensure that cyberspace will remain open to the free flow of ideas, information and expression;deleted

Amendment 59 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Q. whereas ~~cyberspace~~the internet, with its nearly 2 billion globally interconnected users, has become one of the most potent and efficient means of advancing democratic ideas and organising people as they seek to realise their aspirations for freedom and fight against dictatorships; whereas the use of ~~cyberspace~~the internet and information and communication technologies by undemocratic and authoritarian regimes poses an increasing threat to individuals' rights to freedom of expression and association; whereas it is therefore crucial to ensure that ~~cyberspace~~the internet will remain open to the free flow of ideas, information and expression;

Amendment 6 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 c (new)

- having regard to its resolution of 17 November 2011 on the open Internet and net neutrality in Europe4, __________________ 4 Texts adopted, P7_TA(2011)0511.

Amendment 60 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R

~~R. whereas there is an increasing need to better respect and protect individuals' rights to privacy;~~deleted

Amendment 61 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R

R. whereas the~~re is an increasing need to better respect and protect individuals' rights to privacy~~ rights to privacy and data protection are laid down in the EU Charter and Article 16 TFEU;

Amendment 62 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R

R. whereas there is an increasing need to better respect and protect individuals' rights to privacy; whereas the need for securing and defending cyberspace at a national level, for institutions and military bodies, while important, should never be used as an excuse to limit in any way rights and freedoms in the cyber and informational space;

Amendment 63 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R a (new)

R a. whereas the internet has flourished and developed organically as a platform of huge public value

Amendment 64 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

S. whereas the global ~~cyber challenges and threats call for an international collective response~~and borderless nature of the internet requires new forms of international cooperation and governance with multiple stakeholders;

Amendment 65 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S a (new)

S a. whereas net neutrality is an essential principle for the open internet, ensuring competition and transparency

Amendment 66 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S b (new)

S b. whereas governments increasingly rely on private players for the security of their critical infrastructure;

Amendment 67 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S c (new)

S c. whereas digital security and digital freedom are both required to reap the benefits of technological developments and can not replace one another;

Amendment 68 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital V a (new)

V a. whereas the EU only leads by example on digital freedoms when these are safeguarded in the EU;

Amendment 69 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Notes that cyber threats are a rapidly growing menace both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organised criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member Sfrom both non- state and state actors, including from western states, a~~nd the EU institutions~~re increasing;

Amendment 7 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9

– having regard to its resolution of 12 June 2012 on critical information infrastructure protection – achievements and next steps: towards global cyber-security45 , __________________ 45 Texts adopted, P7_TA(2012)0237.

Amendment 70 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Notes that the cyber threats are a rapidly growing ~~menac~~challenge both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organiszed criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member States and the EU institutions; regrets the lack of concern for technical, spontaneous disturbances of service provision due to accidents, hardware failures and other factors;

Amendment 71 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Notes that cyber threats are a ~~rapidly~~ growing menace both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organised criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member States and the EU institutions;

Amendment 72 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Notes that cyber threats and attacks against government, administrative, military and international bodies are a rapidly growing menace and occurrence in both in the EU and globally, and that there is increasing concern about the potential for organised criminal, terrorist or politically motivated attacks against the critical information systems and infrastructures of the Member States and the EU are significant reasons of concern that state and non-state actors, especially terrorist and criminal organisations can attack critical information and communication structures and infrastructures of EU institutions and members, with the potential to cause significant harm, including kinseti~~tution~~c effects;

Amendment 73 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1 a. Notes the concern about politically motivated attacks against information systems, and the effect of civil disobedience on the information landscape and calls for adequate institutional responses to the increasing amount of citizens that use information technologies as a means for expressing a political view-point;

Amendment 74 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1 b. Stresses, in this regard, that the big potential of information and communication technologies to carry new ideas, and connect people with a shared vision, calls for big caution in applying restrictions on the ability of citizens to make use of these tools;

Amendment 75 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Underlines therefore the need for a global and coordinated approach to these challenges at the EU level with the development of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy which should provide a common definition of cyber security ~~and defence~~, a common operating vision and take into account the added value of the existing agencies and bodies; stresses the crucial importance of coordination and creating synergies at the level of the Union to help combine different initiatives, programmes and activities; emphasises that such a strategy should ensure flexibility and be updated on regular basis to adapt to the rapidly changing nature of cyberspace;

Amendment 76 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Underlines therefore the need for a global and coordinated approach to these challenges at the EU level with the development of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy which should provide a common definition of cyber security and defence, a common operating vision and take into account the added value of the existing agencies and bodies as well as the good practices and lessons learned by Member States that already have national strategies; stresses the crucial importance of coordination and creating synergies at the level of the Union to help combine different initiatives, programmes and activities; emphasises that such a strategy should ensure flexibility and be updated on regular basis to adapt to the rapidly changing nature of cyberspace;

Amendment 77 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Underlines therefore the need for a global and coordinated approach to these challenges, a~~t the EU level with the development of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy which should provide~~nd for Member States to work towards agreeing to a common legal definition of cyber security ~~and defence~~, a common operating vision, and take into account the added value of the existing agencies and bodies; stresses the ~~crucial~~ importance of coordination ~~and creating synergies at the level of the Union~~between Member States to help combine different initiatives, programmes and activities; ~~emphasises that such a strategy should ensure flexibility and be updated on regular basis to adapt to the rapidly changing nature of cyberspace;~~

Amendment 78 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Underlines therefore the need for a global and coordinated approach to these challenges at the EU level with the development of a comprehensive EU cyber security strategy which should provide a common definition of cyber security and defence, as well as of what constitutes a defence related cyber attack, a common operating vision and take into account the added value of the existing agencies and bodies; stresses the crucial importance of coordination and creating synergies at the level of the Union to help combine different initiatives, programmes and activities, military and civilian; emphasises that such a strategy should ensure flexibility and be updated on regular basis to adapt to the rapidly changing nature of cyberspace;

Amendment 79 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Urges the Commission to investigate the possibility of evoking the solidarity clause, pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (Title VII, Article 222), in the event of a serious cyber attack against a Member Stategive consideration in its planning exclusively to non-military measures;

Amendment 8 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 – footnote 4

~~4. Texts adopted, P7_TA(2012)0237.~~deleted

Amendment 80 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Urges the Commission to ~~investigate the possibility of~~make possible the evoking the solidarity clause, pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (Title VII, Article 222), in the event of a ~~serious~~massive cyber attack against a Member State; recognises, however, the need for a common terminology standard on what a cyber attack should legitimately be considered to be, before enacting such a clause;

Amendment 81 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Urges the Commission to investigate the possibility of evoking the solidarity clause, pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (Title VII, Article 222), in the event of a serious cyber attack against a Member State that leads to the endangering its national security;

Amendment 82 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3 a. emphasises that CSDP must ensure that forces on EU military operations and civilian missions are protected against cyber attacks. Underlines that cyber defence should be made an active capability of CSDP.

Amendment 83 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3 a. Stresses that coordination within the EU should be strengthened and enhanced first and foremost between civilian and military actors and also the judicial and other competent authorities in preventing, combating and penalising attacks against information systems;

Amendment 84 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3 a. Recognises that human rights must also be protected online, and believes ICTs should be mainstreamed in all EU programmes to advance this effort;

Amendment 85 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3 b. recommends the Commission to analyse the possibility of incorporating "white hat" hacker recruitment programmes to public cyber-security policy. (The practice already exists in the private sector where hackers are hired to deliberately intrude in a company's system in order to find weaknesses that can be thus avoided.)

Amendment 86 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3 b. Calls on the Commission and Council to unequivocally recognise digital freedoms as fundamental rights and as indispensable prerequisites for enjoying universal human rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and access to information and ensuring transparency and accountability in public life;

Amendment 87 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3 a. Calls on the Council and the Commission, together with Member States, to elaborate a White Paper on Cyber Defence, establishing clear definitions and criteria separating levels of cyber attacks in civilian and military, in accordance to their motivation and effects, as well as levels of reactions, including the investigation, detection and prosecution of perpetrators;

Amendment 88 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3 b. Urges the need to update the European Security Strategy with a view to identify and find means of pursuit and prosecution for both individual, network- related and state-supported cyber attackers;

Amendment 89 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Stresses the importance of horizontal cooperation and coordination on cyber security within and between EU institutions and agencies;

Amendment 9 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 a (new)

- having regard to the resolution of the UN Human Rights Council of 5 July 2012 entitled 'The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet'5, which recognises the importance of human rights protection and the free flow of information online, __________________ 5 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HR C/RegularSessions/Session20/Pages/ResD ecStat.aspx.

Amendment 90 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. Notes that in a globally connected world parameters of lawmaking are constantly changing and traditional concepts of jurisdiction related to nation- states' territories no longer match the borderless online environment, considers open and collaborative decision-making essential to respect the open and participatory nature of the internet, believes the EU should strive to lead in developing a balanced equilibrium between freedom online and basic ground rules, including dispute settlement mechanisms also taking into account conflicting jurisdictions;

Amendment 91 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. Stresses that the internet is currently relatively unregulated and is governed through a multi-stakeholder approach, which has organically developed into a network of public and private actors, whereas the UN in 2005 convened the Internet Governance Forum as the main international platform for discussions related to internet governance;

Amendment 92 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4 c. Is concerned about attempts to undermine the open and participatory nature of internet governance by coalitions of governments and businesses, by seeking to introduce regulatory oversight and increased governmental and private control over the internet and telecom operations, which hamper innovation and digital entrepreneurship while seeking to preserve existing business models;

Amendment 93 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 d (new)

4 d. Stresses that new technologies challenge the way in which governments perform traditional core tasks; reaffirms that defence and security policies ultimately lie in the hands of government including adequate democratic oversight; takes note of the increasingly important role of private actors in executing security and defence tasks often without transparency and accountability or democratic oversight mechanisms;

Amendment 94 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 e (new)

4 e. Stresses that all EU cyber security policies should be based and designed to ensure the maximum protection and preservation of digital freedoms and respect for human rights online;

Amendment 95 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 f (new)

4 f. Stresses that governments need to abide to basic international public and humanitarian law principles, such as the respect for state sovereignty and human rights, when using new technologies in the scope of security and defence policies, points to the valuable experience of EU Member States, such as Estonia, in defining and designing cyber security policies as well as cyber defence;

Amendment 96 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 g (new)

4 g. Considers that the EU should ensure the multi-stakeholder model is inclusive, and that small businesses as well as civil society actors and users are not overruled by a few large business and government players;

Amendment 97 #

Indrek TARAND, Amelia ANDERSDOTTER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Recognises the need for an assessment of the overall level of cyber attacks against EU information systems and infrastructure; highlights, in this context, the need for continuous assessment of the degree of preparedness of EU institutions to tackle potential cyber attacks; places particular emphasis on the need to strengthen critical information infrastructure;

Amendment 98 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5 a. Suggests that the Commission launch a public pan-European education initiative, geared towards educating and raising awareness among both private and business end-users about potential threats on the internet and fixed and mobile ICT devices at every level of the utility chain and towards promoting safer individual online behaviours;

Amendment 99 #