Procedure completed
2012/2318(INI) Maritime dimension of the Common Security and Defence Policy
Lead committee dossier: AFET/7/11450
Legal Basis RoP 052
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET | GOMES Ana (S&D) | DANJEAN Arnaud (PPE), NICOLAI Norica (ALDE), BÜTIKOFER Reinhard (Verts/ALE), VAN ORDEN Geoffrey (ECR), LÖSING Sabine (GUE/NGL), TZAVELA Niki (EFD) |
Legal Basis RoP 052
Activites
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2013/09/12
Results of vote in Parliament
- Results of vote in Parliament
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T7-0380/2013
summary
The European Parliament adopted by 436 votes to 163, with 33 abstentions, a resolution on the maritime dimension of the Common Security and Defence Policy. EU Member States comprise a coastline of over 90 000 kilometres in length bordering two oceans and four seas, in addition to overseas territories and national security installations throughout other oceans. It is for this reason that the Members strongly believe that the EU has a vital interest in a secure, open and clean maritime environment. Towards a European Maritime Security Strategy: Parliament considers that a European Maritime Security Strategy is needed to ensure an integrated and comprehensive approach, focusing specifically on the threats, risks, challenges and opportunities present at sea. Such a strategy should: develop synergies and joint responses mobilising all relevant institutions and actors, both civilian and military; identify all potential threats, from conventional security threats to those posed by natural disasters and climate change, from threats affecting the protection of vital marine resources to the security of maritime infrastructure and trade flows; identify the specific means and capabilities needed to address all challenges, including intelligence, surveillance and patrolling, search and rescue, sealift, evacuation of EU and other nationals from crisis zones, enforcing embargoes, and assistance to any CSDP-led missions and operations. Parliament invites the High Representative, the Commission and the Council to elaborate an EMSS centred on articulation and coordination among all European actors and Member States relevant to maritime security. It takes the view that the EMSS’s level of ambition, means and capabilities should be anchored in the ESS and the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP). Potential risks: legal and illegal activities at sea have been growing in number and complexity as a result of this multiplication of actors present at sea making it increasingly difficult to distinguish legal activities from illegal ones. The resolution notes that the EU is facing conventional threats to its security, in particular since the emergence of new maritime powers has rendered more likely potential interstate rivalries over the ownership of maritime areas. In addition, emerging countries have developed their maritime capabilities (navies, submarines) and, at the same time, tend to call international maritime law principles into question. Members recall that several factors such as poverty, lack of development, low levels of state control and law enforcement and the vulnerability of routes facilitate the proliferation of different types of threats to maritime security. Those threats can derive both from the behaviours of states interested in disturbing international maritime flows and from the illegal activities of non-state actors, such as transnational crime (e.g. arms or drugs trafficking), international terrorism or piracy, that exploit the weaknesses of a fragmented local, regional and global maritime governance system. This puts pressure on the EU to invest in a holistic approach in order to address the complexity of transnational challenges, which no Member State can meet alone. Critical maritime zones: as a global actor, the EU must consider security challenges and possible autonomous responses, especially with regard to the nearby Mediterranean Sea, the Horn of Africa and West Atlantic areas, but also the Pacific, via East and West, and from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Parliament makes a number of recommendations for each of these critical maritime zones. The EU’s strategy for the Horn of Africa (where three ongoing CSDP missions in the region (EUNAVFOR Atalanta, EU Training Mission in Somalia and EUCAP Nestor) should be used as a model for a comprehensive approach involving EU’s political, diplomatic, social, and economic tools. This comprehensive approach must be at the core of the EMSS and should involve coordination among different EU initiatives, agencies and instruments, with a view to addressing the root causes of instability and helping to solve conflict. Existing tools and capability development: Parliament is convinced that the financial and economic crisis should be seen as an opportunity to implement the ‘Pooling and Sharing’ initiative in the field of maritime capability generation in a truly European manner. It encourages Member States to work with the European Defence Agency (EDA) to identify capability needs, particularly civilian, military and dual-use capabilities in the maritime domain. It recalls the need for the consolidation of an EU-based and EU-funded technological base in the field of defence, including naval construction and equipment production capabilities. Members consider that irregular migration must not be regarded as a security threat, but rather as a human phenomenon that requires a robust management strategy. They draw attention to the fact that this effort requires the development of maritime capabilities and coastguard activities to patrol and rescue migrants travelling on board illegal vessels. In conclusion, Parliament invites the forthcoming Defence European Council in December 2013 to adopt an EU Maritime Security Strategy that includes the views of the European Parliament as expressed in this resolution.
- 2013/09/11 Debate in Parliament
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2013/06/12
Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
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A7-0220/2013
summary
The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted an own-initiative report by Ana GOMES (S&D, PT) on the maritime dimension of the Common Security and Defence Policy. EU Member States comprise a coastline of over 90 000 kilometres in length bordering two oceans and four seas, in addition to overseas territories and national security installations throughout other oceans. Members strongly believe that the EU has a vital interest in a secure, open and clean maritime environment that allows the free passage of commerce and people and the peaceful, legal, fair and sustainable use of the oceans’ riches. The security of European citizens and the promotion of the principles of Article 21 TFEU are an EU and Member State responsibility. The EU institutional framework, both civilian and military, should, therefore, be further developed in order to provide for the objectives, means and capabilities necessary to meet that responsibility. Towards a European Maritime Security Strategy: Members consider that a European Maritime Security Strategy is needed to ensure an integrated and comprehensive approach, focusing specifically on the threats, risks, challenges and opportunities present at sea. Such a strategy should: develop synergies and joint responses mobilising all relevant institutions and actors, both civilian and military; identify all potential threats, from conventional security threats to those posed by natural disasters and climate change, from threats affecting the protection of vital marine resources to the security of maritime infrastructure and trade flows; identify the specific means and capabilities needed to address all challenges, including intelligence, surveillance and patrolling, search and rescue, sealift, evacuation of EU and other nationals from crisis zones, enforcing embargoes, and assistance to any CSDP-led missions and operations. The report invites the High Representative, the Commission and the Council to elaborate an EMSS centred on articulation and coordination among all European actors and Member States relevant to maritime security. Members take the view that the EMSS’s level of ambition, means and capabilities should be anchored in the ESS and the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) and should be framed by the need to act as a global security provider, thereby ensuring free maritime flows and access on the high seas worldwide. They call on Member States to closely assist and actively engage with the EEAS and the Commission in elaborating the new EMSS, with the aim of making efficient use of all their varied assets, as well as bearing in mind the identification and creation of new capabilities through pooling and sharing. Potential risks: legal and illegal activities at sea have been growing in number and complexity as a result of this multiplication of actors present at sea making it increasingly difficult to distinguish legal activities from illegal ones. The report notes that the EU is facing conventional threats to its security, in particular since the emergence of new maritime powers has rendered more likely potential interstate rivalries over the ownership of maritime areas. In addition, emerging countries have developed their maritime capabilities (navies, submarines) and, at the same time, tend to call international maritime law principles into question. Members recall that several factors such as poverty, lack of development, low levels of state control and law enforcement and the vulnerability of routes facilitate the proliferation of different types of threats to maritime security. Those threats can derive both from the behaviours of states interested in disturbing international maritime flows and from the illegal activities of non-state actors, such as transnational crime (e.g. arms or drugs trafficking), international terrorism or piracy, that exploit the weaknesses of a fragmented local, regional and global maritime governance system. This puts pressure on the EU to invest in a holistic approach in order to address the complexity of transnational challenges, which no Member State can meet alone. Critical maritime zones: as a global actor, the EU must consider security challenges and possible autonomous responses, especially with regard to the nearby Mediterranean Sea, the Horn of Africa and West Atlantic areas, but also the Pacific, via East and West, and from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The report makes a number of recommendations for each of these critical maritime zones. The EU’s strategy for the Horn of Africa (where three ongoing CSDP missions in the region (EUNAVFOR Atalanta, EU Training Mission in Somalia and EUCAP Nestor) should be used as a model for a comprehensive approach involving EU’s political, diplomatic, social, and economic tools. This comprehensive approach must be at the core of the EMSS and should involve coordination among different EU initiatives, agencies and instruments, with a view to addressing the root causes of instability and helping to solve conflict. In conclusion, Members invite the forthcoming Defence European Council in December 2013 to adopt an EU Maritime Security Strategy that includes the views of the European Parliament as expressed in this report.
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A7-0220/2013
summary
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2013/05/30
Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading
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2013/01/15
Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
Documents
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A7-0220/2013
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading: T7-0380/2013
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 159 |
2012/2318(INI)
2013/04/03
AFET
159 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 a (new) - having regard to Article 194 of the Lisbon Treaty (TFEU),
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 14 March 20131 on EU - China Relations, ____________ 1 P7_TA-PROV(2013)0097
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Believes that the geostrategic importance of the Black Sea will grow in the near future in the light of its developing importance as an energy transit hub and its potential as an energy producer; welcomes, in this respect, the projects that aim at diversifying the energy supply routes to Europe from the South Caspian Basin;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Underlines that the energy security of a large part of the European Union is heavily dependent on the security of gas and oil routes going through and near the Black Sea; considers that more efforts are needed, addressed in part towards supplying countries but also aimed at countries bordering the Black Sea, to ensure a secure transit as well as mutually beneficial projects;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Recalls that in its resolution of 20 January 20111 on an EU Strategy for the Black Sea, the European Parliament already stressed the need for the EU to play a more active role in shaping the Black Sea security environment and highlighted the need for an enhanced dialogue with strategic partners on conflict prevention and resolution in the Black Sea region; _______________ 1 P7_TA(2011)0025
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19 b. Underlines the need for an effective engagement of the neighbouring countries in fighting against illegal fishing and other environmental challenges, in order to avoid putting at risk the ecological balance of the Black Sea;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19 b. Stresses the importance of engaging in regional multilateral approaches in the Black Sea Region, notably through the Black Sea Synergy, as well as other initiatives, having in mind also the need to tackle human, drugs and weapons trafficking and criminal organisations;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19 b. Calls on the Member States and EU institutions to take full account of the abovementioned resolution when considering EU's maritime security strategy in the Black Sea region;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Notes that the Atlantic Ocean is Europe's life-line for trade; is concerned that the Atlantic, and in particular the Caribbean zone, is the main route used for the transit of drugs coming from South America; is worried by the fact that the development of economic activities in the coming decades, notably with the enlargement of the Panama canal, will foster the rise of criminal activities in the zone, therefore putting at risk the security of the European citizens living there;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Believes that the West African coast, and specifically the Gulf of Guinea, today host some of the most substantial impending threats against Europe; is deeply concerned that along the West African coastline serious challenges are
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 15 January 20131 on EU Strategy for the Horn of Africa, _____________ 1 P7_TA-PROV(2013)0006
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Points out that instability, terrorism and criminality off the West African coast are deeply linked to instability in the Sahel region as a whole;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Stresses that there is a need to
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Stresses that there is a need to identify adequate European naval capabilities with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of EU activities in the Gulf of Guinea, specifically in the field of surveillance, patrolling and the fight against organised crime;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on the HR/VP to
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Highlights the recent
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Highlights the
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29.
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Stresses that the comprehensive approach concept, which in this particular case stems from the Strategic Framework Strategy for the Horn of Africa, is evident in the combination of the three ongoing CSDP missions in the region (EUNAVFOR Atalanta, EU Training Mission in Somalia and EUCAP Nestor), flanked by political engagement and development policies; welcomes the
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Stresses that the time-honoured comprehensive approach
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas EU Member States are responsible for the control of a coastline over 90 000 kilometres in length bordering two oceans and four seas, in addition to overseas territories, which play a significant economic and strategic role, and national security installations throughout other oceans;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 a (new) 30 a Welcomes the Commission's communication of 26 June 2012 untitled "Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: progress since 2008 and next steps", which represents the basis of EU's policy in the Arctic;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31.
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Stresses that the opening of the Arctic route is a direct consequence of climate change, and highlights the fact that, first and foremost, the EU should invest itself in the preservation and conservation of the region, its resources and critical environmental assets; underlines the importance of overall stability and peace in the region; stresses, therefore, the need for a united, coordinated EU policy on the region, in which the EU’s priorities, potential challenges and strategy are clearly defined; highlights the fact that, alongside the Danish interests in the Arctic, a future accession of Iceland to the EU would deepen the Union’s transformation into an Arctic coastal entity, underlining the need for an ever more coordinated Arctic policy at EU level; takes the view that EU policy on the Arctic should be shaped by dialogue with all of the partners in the region, including Russia; stresses, furthermore, that, in view of its potential and engagement in the Arctic to date, the EU can and should make a greater effort to enhance and strengthen the position of European observer countries in the Arctic Council;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32.
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Underlines the
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Underlines the potential importance of the safety and security of new world trade routes through the sea passage opened in the Arctic, including for the EU and its Member States' economies; underlines the fact that the EU and its Member States should actively uphold the freedom of the
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 a (new) 32a. Acknowledges the effectiveness of the on-board protective measures set up by shipping companies; supports the recent requests from the maritime industry for private maritime security firms to be regulated and renews its call, firstly, on the International Maritime Organisation, flag states, and the maritime industry to work together to draw up a code of conduct laying down clear, consistent, and enforceable internationally agreed standards governing the use of privately contracted armed security guards on ships and, secondly, on private maritime security firms to act strictly in accordance with those standards;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Underlines the global importance of the Pacific Ocean, and notably of the South China Sea
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 a (new) 33 a. Considers that a way forward for a possible peaceful resolution of the tension in the areas of the South and East China Seas is the negotiation and joint implementation of codes of conduct for the peaceful exploitation of the maritime areas in question, including the establishment of safe trade routes and quotas for fishing or attribution of areas for resource exploration; considers that the peace initiative put forward by Taiwan in 2012 is one such good example and that the EU, via the EEAS and the VP/HR, can act as a mediator on the issue;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 34. Calls on the HR/VP to identify the risks to peace and the security
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas EU Member States a
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 34. Calls on the HR/VP to identify the risks to peace and the security of maritime flows and open access that European ships, commercial interests and citizens may face if tension
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 34. Calls on
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 35 35. Stresses the importance of the enlargement of the Panama Canal, which should be completed in 2014, for changing the geostrategic maritime balance and the extraordinary opportunities that this will open up to the EU and Member States
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36. Strongly believes that the financial crisis should be seen as an opportunity to implement the 'Pooling and Sharing' initiative in the field of maritime capability generation in a truly European manner, in particular by taking advantage of the LeaderSHIP 2020 initiative and fostering networking between operators in the shipbuilding and repair sector and the ancillary industries, which is the only way to guarantee that Europe is able and fit to meet global security challenges affecting both its waters and its naval capabilities;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36. Strongly believes that the economic and financial crisis should be seen as an opportunity to implement the ‘Pooling and Sharing’ initiative in the field of maritime capability generation in a truly European manner, which is the only way to guarantee that Europe is able and fit to meet global security challenges;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36. Strongly believes that the financial crisis should be seen as an opportunity to implement the ‘Pooling and Sharing’ initiative in the field of maritime capability generation in a truly European manner, which can contribute to maintaining credible military capabilities and is the only way to guarantee that Europe is able and fit to meet global security challenges;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36.
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 37. Regrets the fact, however, that EU Member States have been imposing severe cuts in national defence budgets in response to the financial crisis and economic slowdown, and that such cuts, which are mostly uncoordinated at EU level and disregard the European Security Strategy, may entail serious consequences for the Union's ability and preparedness to face maritime and other security challenges and meet international obligations, and hinder its role as provider of global security; notes that the establishment of innovative funding mechanisms in the field of defence may represent a viable solution to the recent defence cuts in the Member States;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 37. Regrets the fact, however, that EU Member States have been
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas the maritime boundaries of the Member States form the external borders of the European Union;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 38. Stresses that the ‘Pooling and Sharing’ priority put forth by the EU to bring about more coordination, smarter defence spending and greater economies of scale among the Member States
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 38. Stresses that the ‘Pooling and Sharing’ priority put forth by the EU to bring about more coordination, smarter defence spending and greater economies of scale among the Member States, has yet to deliver results, including in the field of maritime security capabilities;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 39. Commends the work of the EDA in laying the groundwork for achieving ‘Pooling and Sharing’ through harmonising requirements and projects as regards naval training and logistics; welcomes the Wise Pen team’s 2012 study of maritime requirements and capabilities; in light of the EDA’s mandate and expertise, urges the Member
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 39. Commends the work of the EDA in laying the groundwork for achieving
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 40 40. Recalls that dual-use capabilities are relevant and should be welcomed in the implementation of the CSDP, in light of the complex security challenges in today's world; stresses that the current crises in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 40 40. Recalls that dual-use capabilities are relevant and should be welcomed in the implementation of the CSDP, in light of the complex security challenges in today’s world; stresses that the current crises in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 40 40. Recalls that dual-use capabilities are
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 41 41. Recalls the need for the consolidation of an EU-based and EU-funded technological base in the field of defence, including naval construction and equipment production capabilities; recalls, in light of the current economic and financial crisis, that the
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 41 41. Recalls
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas maritime spaces are open, vast and boundless spaces, only limited by maritime jurisdictions; whereas maritime spaces are difficult to control, especially since international maritime law aims principally at facilitating trade and guaranteeing free movement;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 44. Calls for
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 44. Calls for the creation of a truly European coastguard, based on the experience already gained by Frontex and the European Patrol Network, acting within a remit of jurisprudence stemming from the JAI cooperation, aimed at protecting EU borders, European citizens but also the lives of people in danger on the coastal waters of the European Union;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 44. Calls for the creation of a
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 44 44. Calls for
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 46 46. Given that EU and NATO members have only one set of naval forces, calls for greater strategic coordination between the two organisations on maritime security; is of the view that the future EU Maritime Security Strategy should be independent of, yet complementary to, that of the Alliance in order to help tackle a maximum number of the abovementioned challenges
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 46 46. Given that
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 47 47. Regrets the fact that the situation which persists today is one of duplication, overlap, waste of resources and turf war among EU bodies and agencies working in the field of maritime security; urges the EU to further study ways in which it can reduce the administrative and financial burden stemming from useless overlap of functions, expertise, equipment and resources among several EU bodies and actors, thus enabling the HR/VP to assert her coordinating function; calls on the EU to formalise the bridging among existing EU tools and bodies, such as that developed through Atalanta, EMSA and SatCen, so as to avoid duplication of tasks, resources and expertise and to reap the clear operational benefits of such synergies;
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 50 Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas States have a duty to endeavour to enforce and reinforce international law, particularly UNCLOS and to guarantee the flow of maritime routes and the preservation of the Global Commons, commercial and environmental interests; whereas EU Member States altogether constitute the world's biggest EEZ (of around 25 million square metres); whereas 90 % of the EU's external trade and 40 % of its internal trade is transported by sea; whereas the EU is the world's leading maritime shipping actor, with European ship owners managing 30 % of the vessels and 35 % of world shipping tonnage - inter alia 55 % of container
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the importance of global maritime flows for the Union has increased exponentially as a result of economic growth, globalisation and growing global interdependence; whereas the geostrategic maritime balance is fast changing, with emerging powers adopting access denial
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the importance of global maritime flows for the Union has increased exponentially as a result of globalisation and growing global interdependence;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) - having regard to the 7 October 2012 Declaration of the European Ministers responsible for the Integrated Maritime Policy and the European Commission, on a Marine and Maritime Agenda for growth and jobs, the "Limassol Declaration",
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the importance of global maritime flows for the Union has increased exponentially as a result of globalisation and growing global interdependence; whereas
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas globalisation
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the global outlook on naval capabilities and power projection is fast changing, with emerging powers increasingly calling into question UNCLOS principles, international arbitration or regulation; whereas emerging powers have adopted access denial strategies to constrain traditional US and European military presence at sea; whereas, most significantly, China pursues its String of Pearls policy, endeavouring to increase and extend its presence at sea for a multitude of stated and unstated reasons, from securing trade and energy routes to controlling marine resources and maritime critical infrastructure;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas illegal maritime non-state actors proliferate, threatening critical maritime routes and infrastructures and exploiting the weaknesses of states and their jurisdictions;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas, as a global actor, the EU must consider security challenges and joint responses worldwide; whereas the fight against those non-conventional threats often takes place in challenging and dangerous environments, thus requiring both civilian and military means; whereas the CSDP, with both a civilian and a military dimension, is an appropriate framework to fight against dangerous threats at sea and along the coasts;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas the EU cannot ensure global maritime security on its own; whereas it needs to achieve strong partnerships with third countries and regional organisations, especially in remote areas - for instance Asia - where it is more difficult for the EU to deploy its own resources;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas the
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas different maritime zones have become interconnected, thus influencing
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) – having regard to its resolution of 15 January 2013 on EU strategy for the Horn of Africa (2012/2026(INI)),
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas the EU and all its Member States are contracting parties of UNCLOS, thus the Convention constitutes part of the acquis communautaire;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the global outlook on naval capabilities and power projection is fast changing, with emerging and established powers increasingly unwilling to adhere to UNCLOS principles or submit to international arbitration or regulation; whereas, most significantly, China pursues
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the global outlook on naval capabilities and power projection is fast changing, with emerging powers increasingly unwilling to adhere to UNCLOS principles or submit to international arbitration or regulation; whereas, most significantly, China pursues its String of Pearls policy, endeavouring to increase and extend its presence at sea for a multitude of stated and unstated reasons, from securing trade and energy routes to controlling marine resources and maritime critical infrastructure; whereas,
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the global outlook on naval capabilities and power projection is fast changing, with emerging powers increasingly unwilling to adhere to UNCLOS principles or submit to international arbitration or regulation; whereas, most significantly, China pursues its String of Pearls policy, endeavouring to increase and extend its presence at sea for a multitude of stated and unstated reasons, from securing trade and energy routes to controlling marine resources and maritime critical infrastructure; whereas, as a global actor, the EU must consider security challenges and possible
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas a European Maritime Security Strategy (EMSS) is needed in order to mainstream the stakes, risks and
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas a European Maritime Security Strategy (EMSS) is needed in order to mainstream the stakes, risks and opportunities that the European Union faces at sea, including protection for European citizens; whereas that strategy
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas a European Maritime Security Strategy (EMSS) is needed in order to
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 – having regard to the Charter of the United Nations and to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 10 December 1982,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas conflict and instability
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) I a. whereas, cooperation with NATO structures in the field of maritime security has not reached its full potential, especially because of the separate chains of commands and lack of inter- operability;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the EU has a vital interest in
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Notes that the increasing use of maritime shipping routes, booming sea trade, expanding routes and the sustainable exploitation of maritime resources such as fish and energetic resources are all as much of a potential and opportunity for the EU as a risk and should be considered as such; sees the European Union as having the potential to be a leading actor in the secure and sustainable exploitation and exploration of the seas and ocean, both regional and global, and therefore needing a strategy, vision, the right tools and the political will to engage in this task;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Reminds Member States that only in a spirit of commitment, mutual understanding and genuine solidarity will the Union be able to fulfil its role as
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Reminds Member States that only in a spirit of commitment, mutual understanding and genuine solidarity will the Union be able to fulfil its role as a global security provider
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Underlines that the UNCLOS provides the legal framework for all types of activities carried out in the oceans and seas and that it can serve as a guide for the peaceful resolution of maritime disputes; calls, therefore, on the EU and its Member States to promote the universality of the Convention and to insist on the need of uniform and consistent implementation of its provisions;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 20 January 2011 on a sustainable EU policy for the High North1 and to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2012 on Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: progress since 2008 and next steps, ____________ 1 P7_TA(2011)0024
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Urges the Member States and the EU institutions, bodies, and agencies concerned to demonstrate commitment and to work together to ensure the control, security and safety of the European coastal and territorial waters, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), continental shelf, maritime infrastructure and marine resources; recalls that they must also guarantee the flow of maritime routes and the preservation of the Global Commons, vital for the world's and Europe's own security, commercial, energy and environmental interests; notes that the Member States have the responsibility of being the principal security provider for seafarers on ships flying their flag and of affording protection to their citizens, particularly by rescuing those in crisis zones; stresses that the EU and its Members States have a duty to endeavour to enforce and reinforce international law, particularly UNCLOS, to regulate global maritime affairs
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Recognises that the European Union already possesses
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes, however, that a European Maritime Security Strategy is needed to ensure an integrated and comprehensive approach, focusing specifically on the threats, risks, challenges and opportunities present at sea; that an EMSS, while grounded in European values and principles, must develop synergies and joint responses mobilising all relevant institutions and actors, both civilian and military; that the EMSS should identify all potential threats, from conventional security threats to those posed by natural disasters and climate change, from threats affecting the protection of vital marine resources to the security of maritime infrastructure
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes, however, that a European Maritime Security Strategy is needed to ensure an integrated and comprehensive approach, focusing specifically on the threats, risks, challenges and opportunities present at sea; that an EMSS, while grounded in European values and principles, must develop synergies and joint responses mobilising all relevant institutions and actors, both civilian and military; that the EMSS should identify all potential threats, from conventional security threats to those posed by natural disasters and climate change, from threats affecting the protection of vital marine resources to the security of maritime infrastructure and trade flows; that it must also identify the specific means and capabilities needed to address all challenges, including intelligence, surveillance and patrolling, search and rescue, sealift, evacuation of EU and other nationals from crisis zones, enforcing embargoes,
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes, however, that the justification for a European Maritime Security Strategy is
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Invites the High Representative, the Commission, the Council and all other bodies participating in the relevant task force to elaborate an EU Maritime Security Strategy that involves, and is centred on, articulation and coordination among all European actors relevant to maritime safety and security; urges the Commission and the HR/VP, accordingly, to address the shortcomings of the 2007 Integrated Maritime Policy, which failed to make use of the full potential of a truly integrated operational approach to all EU agencies, bodies and instruments which could assist in improving results and cutting/sharing
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Invites the High Representative, the Commission,
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Invites the High Representative, the Commission, the Council and all other bodies participating in the relevant task force to elaborate an EU Maritime Security Strategy that involves, and is centred on, articulation and coordination among all European actors and states relevant to maritime safety and security; urges the Commission and the HR/VP, accordingly, to address the shortcomings of the 2007 Integrated Maritime Policy, which failed to make use of the full potential of a truly integrated operational approach to all EU agencies, bodies and instruments which could assist in improving results and cutting/sharing costs; is of the view that the EMSS should
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Calls on Member States to closely assist and actively engage with the EEAS and Commission in elaborating the new EMSS, with the aim of making efficient use of all their varied assets, as well as have in mind the identification and creation of new capabilities through pooling and sharing; furthermore, considers that the new strategy should also integrate joint bilateral or multilateral force creation initiatives such as the Franco-British Declaration of November 2010;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that in today's world the complexity, integration and level of interaction among state, commercial and non-state actors at sea demands a comprehensive and coordinated approach that addresses the intricacy of the challenges and threats to European interests, beyond their purely safety or security nature, but also consider the political, economic and other opportunities opened up by such interaction; insists that this approach should not shy away from fully seizing the potential offered by the multiple EU bodies and agencies working together, instead of perpetuating the gaps, overlaps and inconsistencies in implementing common standards, the reluctance to share information, and the divergent approaches to cyber governance that exist today in several areas of maritime-related initiatives and activities;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that in today's world the complexity, integration and level of interaction among state, commercial and non-state actors at sea demands a
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Highlights the fact that an integrated maritime approach such as this, which combines civilian instruments and military tools and encompasses both internal and external aspects of security, is already taking shape at national level in some Member States as well as being applied between certain Member States bilaterally, and should therefore be reinforced at Union level; stresses the role that can and should be played by maritime nations in fostering positive regional maritime integration; stresses that regional maritime integration initiatives can and should lead to the pooling and sharing of critical naval assets in order to meet the EU's capacity needs;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Acknowledges that increasing traffic at sea and the development of off-shore and coastal activities are challenging maritime security by making it more and more difficult to distinguish legal from illegal activities at sea;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 b (new) 8 b. Notes that the EU is facing conventional threats to its security and notably since the emergence of new maritime powers has rendered more likely potential interstate rivalries over the ownership of maritime areas (disputes over jurisdiction, territorial claims, exploration and exploitation licences in Deep Sea Zones); notes, in addition, that emerging countries have developed their maritime capabilities (navies, submarines) and, at the same time, tend to call international maritime law principles into question;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 c (new) 8 c. Warns against the illegitimate exploitation of important natural resources and minerals in EU Member States' waters or in neighbouring seas; notes that the unmanaged race for marine, natural and mineral resources may have a damaging impact on the marine ecosystem, thus increasing the environmental impact of activities at sea; recalls that the exploitation of marine resources can also lead to an undesirable militarisation of maritime zones;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 d (new) 8 d. Notes that the EU needs to build strong partnerships with third countries and regional organisations in order to ensure the security and the stability of commerce and resource exploitation; highlights the fact that a strong maritime dimension of the CSDP would provide the EU with the ability to act as an effective international arbitrator when needed;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that direct and indirect risks to the security of the EU are currently posed by non-conventional threats and actors intending to proliferate terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the southern neighbourhood and further into the African continent, taking
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 14 Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that direct and indirect risks to the security of
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, while State versus State military confrontations cannot be completely discarded, direct and indirect risks to the security of the EU are
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that direct and indirect risks to the security of the EU are currently posed by non-conventional threats
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Warns that states which are unwilling to cooperate with the international community and abide by international treaties and standards and which have the geographical position to block trade routes, as well as having the technological and military capabilities to do so, are one of the major maritime security concerns at this time; considers that all diplomatic attempts should by made by the EEAS and the VP/HR to engage with them in dialogue and cooperation;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Notes that one of the main threats to EU maritime security is the rise of maritime terrorist activities around the world that directly threaten EU civilian and military vessels, port facilities and energy installations and take advantage of the sea to attack and infiltrate land-based targets; notes that these actors interact with transnational organised criminal networks engaging in illegal activities at sea, such as smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, drugs and weapons trafficking, including small arms, light weapons and WMD components;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Is alarmed by increasing evidence that terrorist networks and non-state actors are acquiring sophisticated maritime capabilities, including submarine capabilities or radar and detection technologies, as well as having access to logistic data pertaining to the international shipping industry, thus significantly improving their threat potential, indicating an expansion of their activities close to Europe, notably on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Is alarmed by increasing evidence that terrorist networks and non-state actors are acquiring sophisticated maritime capabilities, including limited submarine capabilities, thus significantly improving their threat potential, indicating an expansion of their activities close to Europe, notably on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Is alarmed by increasing evidence that terrorist networks and non-state actors are acquiring sophisticated maritime capabilities, including submarine capabilities,
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Is seriously concerned by the fact that WMD components and technologies can be and are being illicitly transported by sea, with the help and facilitation of rogue states or terrorist networks;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10 b. Considers that the perpetuation of frozen conflicts near various maritime areas, such as the South Caucasus, South Eastern Mediterranean or the Sea of Japan, is one of the leading sources of instability worldwide, endangering transport and energy routes, promoting weapons trade as well as facilitating the activities of non-state actors such as criminal networks and terrorist cells;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 14 a (new) Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Remains concerned by the piracy along the eastern and western African coastline
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Notes that the fight against non- conventional activities needs to rely on the whole range of CSDP instruments, including military, since interventions often take place in highly difficult landscape, with actors having at their disposal a wide range of dangerous weapons; claims that, on the model of EU action in the Horn of Africa where the EUNAVFOR Atalanta operation and the EUCAP NESTOR operation are ongoing, CSDP operations must be accompanied by the other EU external instruments with the view to address the social, economic and political root causes of crisis and ensure the sustainable securitisation of the regions concerned;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Notes
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Notes that illegal migration is likely to continue putting pressure on EU maritime borders, especially in the light of political and economic evolution in the southern neighbourhood and the prospect of continued instability in northern Africa, the Sahel, the Horn of Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa; recalls, however, that migration must not be regarded as a security threat, but rather as a human phenomenon that requires a robust management strategy which combines regional, political and diplomatic cooperation and development policies and investment in regional partnerships; draws attention to the fact that this effort requires the development of
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Acknowledges that increasing traffic at sea is likely to increase the potential for disasters such as oil spills and other environmental pollution incidents, toxic waste dumping and illegal oil bunkering; stresses that the EU must further develop a strategy that builds on past experience of serious environmental disasters at sea by ensuring that all actors, EU bodies and agencies, in combination with Member State authorities,
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Warns against the risk of escalation and the illegitimate exploitation of important natural resources and minerals in EU Member States' waters or in neighbouring seas; notes that the unmanaged race for
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses that the Mediterranean is home to a number of regional conflicts involving maritime border disputes and therefore urges the EU to commit itself to avoiding the further escalation of conflict around the Mediterranean, which will amplify existing threats, such as the consequences of the civil war in Syria and the impact on its maritime zone and on that of neighbouring countries, the political instability, social problems, and lack of governance
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses that the Mediterranean is home to a number of regional conflicts involving maritime border disputes
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 14 c (new) - having regard to the Council conclusions on the Horn of Africa of 14 November 2011, and, in particular, to the Strategic Framework set out in their annex,
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Notes that the recent discoveries of natural gas in the eastern Mediterranean have led
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Notes that the recent discoveries of natural gas in the eastern Mediterranean have led Turkey, Russia and Israel to endeavour to increase their naval strength in the Mediterranean, c
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Notes that the recent discoveries of natural gas in the eastern Mediterranean have
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Notes that the recent discoveries of natural gas in the eastern Mediterranean have led Turkey
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Notes that, barring the Russian sea areas, the Baltic Sea is an EU inland sea and a vital traffic route for several coastal states; notes that the stability of the Baltic Sea region and the smooth running of maritime transport depend on reconciling political interests, both of individual EU Member States and between the EU and Russia; notes that the political stability of the Baltic is bound up with matters related to protection of the position of language minorities in coastal states, energy transportation operations, the busy merchant shipping traffic, possible oil tanker accidents, and contamination of fish stocks and the environment; notes that further challenges are posed to maritime safety and security in the Baltic by the chemical weapons on the seabed, dumped after the end of the Second World War, the obsolete nuclear power plants along the shores, possible terrorist attacks on energy shipments, and possible illegal arms shipments via Baltic ports;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Believes that today the Black Sea represents one of the most important
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Believes that today the Black Sea
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Believes that today the Black Sea is of geostrategic importance for the EU, as it represents one of the most important energy routes to Europe
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
source: PE-507.979
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