Next event: Debate in Parliament 2014/04/03 more...
- Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading 2014/04/03
- End of procedure in Parliament 2014/04/03
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading 2014/02/21
- Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading 2014/02/17
- Amendments tabled in committee 2014/01/22
- Committee opinion 2014/01/21
Progress: Procedure completed
Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
---|---|---|---|
Lead | AFET | DANJEAN Arnaud ( PPE) | MUÑIZ DE URQUIZA María ( S&D), JÄÄTTEENMÄKI Anneli ( ALDE), VAN ORDEN Geoffrey ( ECR), MEYER Willy ( GUE/NGL) |
Committee Opinion | FEMM | CLIVETI Minodora ( S&D) | Mariya GABRIEL ( PPE), Norica NICOLAI ( ALDE) |
Committee Opinion | INTA | ||
Committee Opinion | DEVE | GUERRERO SALOM Enrique ( S&D) | Cristian Dan PREDA ( PPE), Judith SARGENTINI ( Verts/ALE) |
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 052
Legal Basis:
RoP 052Events
The European Union adopted by 492 votes to 94, with 28 abstentions, a resolution on the EU comprehensive approach and its implications for the coherence of EU external action.
The EU in a changing world : Parliament recalled that significant geostrategic changes are taking place, owing in particular to the rise of a multipolar international scene with new actors pursuing competitive regional and global ambitions, growing interdependency, the rise of multidimensional asymmetric threats, the refocusing of US security policy towards the Asia-Pacific, the growing struggle over energy and resource security, the increasingly serious effects of climate change and a severe and long-lasting global financial and economic crisis affecting all EU Member States. Members stressed that in such a geopolitical climate, a fresh approach is needed in order to shape a new multipolar world order that is inclusive, credible, just, cooperative, underpinned by respect for human rights, to resolve differences without recourse to armed conflict.
EU comprehensive approach: state of play in implementing the political framework : Parliament stressed the importance of effective coordination and coherence in the European Union’s external action. It underlined the fact that the Lisbon Treaty provides the framework for the Union to achieve a more coherent, joined-up and comprehensive approach for the effective pursuit of the Union’s external relations, including by creating the triple-hatted High Representative (HR) of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy , who is also Vice-President of the Commission and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Council, and by establishing a unifying and effective European External Action Service (EEAS).
In this regard, Parliament regretted that, despite the Lisbon Treaty innovations, lack of progress in the consistency of the Union’s external action persists in areas relating to security, humanitarian matters, development, trade, energy, environment, migration and other global issues. It is concerned that the Commission often takes a restrictive approach, protecting its own competences in these areas and minimising coordination functions with the EEAS .
Priority areas for a comprehensive approach : Parliament considered that as a basis for moving from concept to action in the pursuit of a comprehensive approach, the following four areas must be addressed:
1. Institutional coherence : all relevant institutions (the EEAS and the Commission’s relevant services, including ECHO, DEVCO, TRADE and ELARG, but also Parliament and the Council) should work together to pursue common objectives within an agreed framework designed at EU level, and mobilising its most relevant instruments, including the CSDP .
This general approach should be supported by the EEAS and promote: i) mediation and dialogue; ii) the principles of humanitarian aid. Members welcomed in this regard Joint Communication "A comprehensive approach to the European Union against external crises and conflicts" ( JOIN(2013)0030 ), which represents an opportunity to clarify and operationalise this approach in the new post-Lisbon institutional setting. Plenary insisted that foreign policy objectives should not be placed in opposition to development principles and principled humanitarian action, as all three policies are complementary. Parliament recalled that Article 208 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) establishes the principle of Policy Coherence for Development (PCD), and emphasised the potential for tension between PCD on the one hand and the comprehensive approach to crisis management outside the EU on the other. It stressed that the main goal of the EU’s development policy is the eradication of poverty and that it is therefore essential that anti-poverty objectives are not marginalised in EU foreign policy and that the comprehensive approach does not erode the civilian character of development cooperation .
Parliament called for the safeguarding of the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence which are crucial for both the effectiveness of humanitarian action and the safety of its actors .
Parliament also focused on other related aspects of the comprehensive approach:
the importance of conflict prevention; joint analysis, joint assessment and planning as well as the clear division of responsibilities in this context.
2. Financial coherence : Parliament recalled its determination to ensure that the Union’s external financial instruments for the period 2014-2020 are designed so as to facilitate the pursuit of a comprehensive approach to external relations Union.
It regretted that the lack of ambition in the EU budget for external action for the period 2014-2020 and called for better anticipation of the funding needed for the implementation of EU strategies. It recalled the need to review the financing mechanism for military CSDP operations (known as the ATHENA mechanism), so as to allow for a more adequate and fairer burden-sharing of the costs of EU military operations, thus enabling all Member States to contribute through force generation or financing the supporting costs.
3. Coherence in practice : Parliament insisted that such strategies should clearly set out the EU’s objectives and priorities and the specific timeframe for implementation and determine what instruments are best suited for action (ranging from inter alia humanitarian and development aid to diplomatic action and mediation, economic sanctions, and the CSDP). It stressed that the role and contribution from the CSDP should be part of the initial political analysis and definition of policy objectives. It regretted that, even when strategies are defined, the EU often does not manage to implement them, and is instead forced to take contingency and emergency action (as was the case in Sahel region, for which a very comprehensive and well-prepared EU strategy document had been unanimously approved but did not lead to satisfactory implementation until the situation in Mali deteriorated dramatically). There is a need to improve upstream action by operating a policy shift from reactive-centric approaches to a more adequate and efficient prevention-focused approach.
Members are convinced that, in cases where crises cannot be avoided, the EU must be able to plan and deploy the appropriate civilian and military assets , as well as mobilise complementary EU instruments, rapidly and effectively across the whole spectrum of crisis management operations, including in cases of humanitarian crises. They called on the Member States to commit to unified EU action in third countries and to make sure that coordination and articulation of actions on the ground are duly concerted with the EU institutions, namely the Commission and the EEAS. Members regretted in this regard that autonomous action by Member States in third countries, especially post-conflict and democratising societies, without proper articulation between them and the EU local Delegation has proved damaging to the EU’s goals and interests.
4. Partnerships : Parliament stressed that a successful comprehensive approach also requires developing partnerships outside the Union’s institutions and Member States, to include other international and multilateral partners, strategic partners, host countries, regional organisations, civil society actors and the private sector, with due respect for the decision-making autonomy of the EU. It reiterated its view, in keeping with the purposes of the Lisbon Treaty in enhancing EU foreign policy and the role of the EU in global peace, security and regulation, that an EU seat in an enlarged UNSC remains a central, long-term goal of the European Union . Parliament, therefore, invited the VP/HR to take the initiative to develop a common position of the Member States to that end.
The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted the own-initiative report by Arnaud DANJEAN (EPP, FR) on the EU comprehensive approach and its implications for the coherence of EU external action.
The EU in a changing world : Members recalled that significant geostrategic changes are also taking place in other parts of the world, owing in particular to the rise of a multipolar international scene. They considered that the refocusing of US security policy towards the Asia-Pacific, the growing struggle over energy and resource security, the increasingly serious effects of climate change and a severe and long-lasting global financial and economic crisis affecting all EU Member States. They stressed that in such a geopolitical climate, a fresh approach is needed in order to shape a new multipolar world order that is inclusive, credible, just, cooperative, underpinned by respect for human rights, to resolve differences without recourse to armed conflict.
EU comprehensive approach: state of play in implementing the political framework : Members stressed the importance of effective coordination and coherence in the European Union’s external action. They underlined the fact that the Lisbon Treaty provides the framework for the Union to achieve a more coherent, joined-up and comprehensive approach for the effective pursuit of the Union’s external relations, including by creating the triple-hatted High Representative (HR) of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy , who is also Vice-President of the Commission and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Council, and by establishing a unifying and effective European External Action Service (EEAS).
In this regard, Members regretted that, despite the Lisbon Treaty innovations, lack of progress in the consistency of the Union’s external action persists in areas relating to development, trade, energy, environment, migration and other global issues.
Member States are urged to meet their Treaty-based commitments to support the Union’s external relations and security policy actively and in a spirit of mutual solidarity and to comply, in conducting their own policies, with the Union’s action in this area . Members called for active engagement and dialogue with citizens and civil society to ensure legitimacy and a common understanding of the comprehensive and the EU foreign policy in general .
Priority areas for a comprehensive approach : Members considered that as a basis for moving from concept to action in the pursuit of a comprehensive approach, the following four areas must be addressed:
1. Institutional coherence : Members stated that the concept of a comprehensive approach should be understood as the coordinated work of all relevant institutions (the EEAS and the Commission’s relevant services, including ECHO, DEVCO, TRADE and ELARG, but also Parliament and the Council) pursuing common objectives within an agreed framework designed at EU level, and mobilising its most relevant instruments, including the CSDP .
This general approach should be supported by the EEAS and promote: i) mediation and dialogue; ii) the principles of humanitarian aid. Members welcomed in this regard Joint Communication "A comprehensive approach to the European Union against external crises and conflicts" ( JOIN(2013)0030 ), which represents an opportunity to clarify and operationalise this approach in the new post-Lisbon institutional setting. In addition, they stressed that the main goal of the EU’s development policy is the eradication of poverty and that it is therefore essential that antipoverty objectives are not marginalised .
Members also focused on other related aspects of the comprehensive approach:
the importance of conflict prevention; joint analysis, joint assessment and planning as well as the clear division of responsibilities in this context.
2. Financial coherence : Members recalled Parliament's determination to ensure that the Union’s external financial instruments for the period 2014-2020 are designed so as to facilitate the pursuit of a comprehensive approach to external relations Union.
They regretted that the lack of ambition in the EU budget for external action for the period 2014-2020 and called for better anticipation of the funding needed for the implementation of EU strategies. They recalled the need to review the financing mechanism for military CSDP operations (known as the ATHENA mechanism), so as to allow for a more adequate and fairer burden-sharing of the costs of EU military operations, thus enabling all Member States to contribute through force generation or financing the supporting costs.
3. Coherence in practice : Members insisted that such strategies should clearly set out the EU’s objectives and priorities and the specific timeframe for implementation and determine what instruments are best suited for action (ranging from inter alia humanitarian and development aid to diplomatic action and mediation, economic sanctions, and the CSDP). They stressed that the role and contribution from the CSDP should be part of the initial political analysis and definition of policy objectives. They regretted that, even when strategies are defined, the EU often does not manage to implement them, and is instead forced to take contingency and emergency action (as was the case in Sahel region, for which a very comprehensive and well-prepared EU strategy document had been unanimously approved but did not lead to satisfactory implementation until the situation in Mali deteriorated dramatically). There is a need to improve upstream action by operating a policy shift from reactive-centric approaches to a more adequate and efficient prevention-focused approach.
Members are convinced that, in cases where crises cannot be avoided, the EU must be able to plan and deploy the appropriate civilian and military assets , as well as mobilise complementary EU instruments, rapidly and effectively across the whole spectrum of crisis management operations, including in cases of humanitarian crises. They called on the Member States to commit to unified EU action in third countries and to make sure that coordination and articulation of actions on the ground are duly concerted with the EU institutions, namely the Commission and the EEAS. Members regretted in this regard that autonomous action by Member States in third countries, especially post-conflict and democratising societies, without proper articulation between them and the EU local Delegation has proved damaging to the EU’s goals and interests.
4. Partnerships : Members stressed that a successful comprehensive approach also requires developing partnerships outside the Union’s institutions and Member States, to include other international and multilateral partners, strategic partners, host countries, regional organisations, civil society actors and the private sector, with due respect for the decision-making autonomy of the EU. They reiterated their view, in keeping with the purposes of the Lisbon Treaty in enhancing EU foreign policy and the role of the EU in global peace, security and regulation, that an EU seat in an enlarged UNSC remains a central, long-term goal of the European Union . They, therefore, invited the VP/HR to take the initiative to develop a common position of the Member States to that end.
It should be noted that the report was subject to a minority opinion tabled by Sabine LÖSING (GUE/NGL, DE) rejecting the option recommended in the report to merge military/security and humanitarian/development aid. Instead, the minority opinion advocated a European development policy which initially focused on the eradication of poverty and which must not be used for military purposes.
Documents
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading: T7-0286/2014
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A7-0138/2014
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE527.844
- Committee opinion: PE523.103
- Committee draft report: PE524.877
- Committee opinion: PE516.859
- Committee opinion: PE516.859
- Committee draft report: PE524.877
- Committee opinion: PE523.103
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE527.844
Activities
- Marino BALDINI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Slavi BINEV
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Andrew Henry William BRONS
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Minodora CLIVETI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Ricardo CORTÉS LASTRA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- William (The Earl of) DARTMOUTH
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Mark DEMESMAEKER
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Andrew DUFF
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Ioan ENCIU
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Ana GOMES
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Nick GRIFFIN
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Andrzej GRZYB
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Anna IBRISAGIC
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Liisa JAAKONSAARI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Eduard KUKAN
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Krzysztof LISEK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Sabine LÖSING
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Willy MEYER
Plenary Speeches (0)
- María MUÑIZ DE URQUIZA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Annemie NEYTS-UYTTEBROECK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Norica NICOLAI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Franz OBERMAYR
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Ioan Mircea PAŞCU
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Alojz PETERLE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Cristian Dan PREDA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- José Ignacio SALAFRANCA SÁNCHEZ-NEYRA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Marietje SCHAAKE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Marek SIWIEC
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Indrek TARAND
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Alejo VIDAL-QUADRAS
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Nikola VULJANIĆ
Plenary Speeches (0)
Amendments | Dossier |
19 |
2013/2146(INI)
2013/09/24
FEMM
19 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission's work
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) (5c) Points out that the national governments, sub-regional, regional and international organisations should support any public, community or private initiatives giving women increased access to resources and greater economic independence while promoting women's business entrance and their access to markets and credit, especially in rural areas; highlights the necessity of local organisations to have easier access to national and international public funding and women had to be involved as equals - as participants and beneficiaries - in local development programmes, job creation programmes, including youth employment, the provision of frontline services and programmes for economic recovery in conflict areas;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the EEAS to take all feasible measures to combat the issue of child brides, taking it into account when formulating and developing foreign policy strategies in respect of countries in which this practice is widespread;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. States that assistance measures must take into account the specific features of crises and emergencies, and of countries in which fundamental freedoms are seriously lacking or in which NGOs operate under difficult conditions; encourages the EEAS to determine, in partnership with the populations concerned, a limited number of priorities to be addressed first and foremost and simultaneously, so that funds and resources can be focused on achieving the objectives more effectively; stresses that particular attention should be paid to situations in which women are exposed to physical or psychological violence;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) (7a) Emphasises the importance of eradicating the violence against women and girls taking into account that in some situations of armed conflict, violence against women is widespread and systematic – for instance, where forms of sexual violence such as rape, forced prostitution, human trafficking, or slavery are used by armed groups as a tactic of warfare to terrorize or displace civilians or to benefit parties to the conflict;
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) (7a) Calls for building support systems and investment in specialised services for the victims of rape and trauma in the wake of gender - based violence perpetrated during conflict/war periods;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Underlines the importance of strengthening women's role in promoting human rights and democratic reform, in supporting conflict prevention
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Underlines the importance of
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Underlines the importance of strengthening women's role in promoting human rights and democratic reform, in supporting conflict prevention and in consolidating political participation and representation and in peace negotiations as well as in peace building and post- conflict planning.
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Underlines the importance of strengthening women’s role in promoting human rights and democratic reform, in supporting conflict prevention and in consolidating political participation and representation
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Points out that the credibility of EU external action depends also on compliance with the principle of consistency between internal policies and development goals.
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) (1a) Stresses the importance of making funds available to women to participate and take leadership in reconstructing community life and access to infrastructure such as water supply, electricity, schools, hospitals, roads as well as (re) building legal and administrative structures of the State;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls on the EEAS to
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls on the EEAS to increase its capacity in order to ensure a gender balance when making proposals for positions as Heads of Delegation;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Invites the Commission and the Member States to take active measures in the framework of the CFSP, including the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, to promote non- discrimination and prevent multiple discrimination as regards gender, ethnic origin, disability, age and sexual orientation;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Invites the Commission and the Member States to take active measures in the framework of the CFSP, including the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, to promote non- discrimination as regards gender, ethnic origin, disability, religion, age and sexual orientation;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) (4a) Emphasizes the importance of including women in all phases of peace- keeping negotiations.
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) (5a). Stresses the need for respect of the right of the girl children to express an opinion and to be heard on matters affecting their health and human dignity, emphasising that the best interests of the child must be the first concern; highlights the need of all children, and of girl children in particular, to be brought up in a family environment of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, non-discrimination, gender equality and solidarity; calls for the strict implementation of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child and of the Beijing Declaration on Women;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) (5b) Underlines the low level of female participation in politics and systems of governance, including in various national negotiating and mediation boards; stresses the necessity to review the institutional mechanisms in order to promote gender equality and include, if necessary, special temporary measures such as positive discrimination, preferential treatment and the setting of quotas to enable female participation in parliamentary and political life in general and in all institutions, missions and relevant national, regional and international processes, including peace support operations;
source: PE-519.691
|
History
(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)
committees/0 |
|
committees/0 |
|
committees/1 |
|
committees/1 |
|
committees/3 |
|
committees/3 |
|
events/2/docs/0/url |
Old
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2014-0138&language=ENNew
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-7-2014-0138_EN.html |
events/4/docs/0/url |
Old
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P7-TA-2014-0286New
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-7-2014-0286_EN.html |
activities |
|
committees/0 |
|
committees/0 |
|
committees/1 |
|
committees/1 |
|
committees/2 |
|
committees/2 |
|
committees/3 |
|
committees/3 |
|
docs |
|
events |
|
links |
|
other |
|
procedure/Modified legal basis |
Old
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 150New
Rules of Procedure EP 150 |
procedure/dossier_of_the_committee |
Old
AFET/7/13289New
|
procedure/legal_basis/0 |
Rules of Procedure EP 052
|
procedure/legal_basis/0 |
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 052
|
procedure/subject |
Old
New
|
activities/0/committees |
|
activities/0/date |
Old
2014-02-21T00:00:00New
2013-09-12T00:00:00 |
activities/0/docs |
|
activities/0/type |
Old
Committee report tabled for plenary, single readingNew
Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading |
activities/1/committees |
|
activities/1/date |
Old
2014-04-03T00:00:00New
2014-02-17T00:00:00 |
activities/1/docs |
|
activities/1/type |
Old
Debate in ParliamentNew
Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading |
activities/2/committees |
|
activities/2/date |
Old
2014-02-17T00:00:00New
2014-02-21T00:00:00 |
activities/2/docs |
|
activities/2/type |
Old
Vote in committee, 1st reading/single readingNew
Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading |
activities/3/committees |
|
activities/3/date |
Old
2013-09-12T00:00:00New
2014-04-03T00:00:00 |
activities/3/docs |
|
activities/3/type |
Old
Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single readingNew
Debate in Parliament |
committees/0/rapporteur/0/group |
Old
EPPNew
PPE |
committees/0/rapporteur/0/mepref |
Old
4de1845a0fb8127435bdbd6eNew
4f1ac767b819f25efd000086 |
committees/0/shadows/0/mepref |
Old
4de187060fb8127435bdc135New
4f1ad9ddb819f207b300003e |
committees/0/shadows/1/mepref |
Old
4de185a50fb8127435bdbf3dNew
4f1ac940b819f25efd000122 |
committees/0/shadows/2/mepref |
Old
4de189260fb8127435bdc437New
4f1adc4bb819f207b300010f |
committees/0/shadows/3/mepref |
Old
4de186e10fb8127435bdc108New
4f1ad9b2b819f207b300002e |
committees/1/rapporteur/0/mepref |
Old
4de1852d0fb8127435bdbe9eNew
4f1ac8c7b819f25efd0000f1 |
procedure/Modified legal basis |
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 150
|
procedure/legal_basis/0 |
Old
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 048New
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 052 |
activities/3/docs |
|
procedure/stage_reached |
Old
Awaiting Parliament 1st reading / single reading / budget 1st stageNew
Procedure completed |
activities/3/type |
Old
Vote scheduledNew
Debate in Parliament |
activities/3/type |
Old
Debate in plenary scheduledNew
Vote scheduled |
activities/3/date |
Old
2014-04-02T00:00:00New
2014-04-03T00:00:00 |
activities/2/docs |
|
activities/3/type |
Old
Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single readingNew
Debate in plenary scheduled |
activities/2 |
|
procedure/stage_reached |
Old
Awaiting committee decisionNew
Awaiting Parliament 1st reading / single reading / budget 1st stage |
activities/1 |
|
activities/1 |
|
activities/2/date |
Old
2014-03-12T00:00:00New
2014-04-02T00:00:00 |
activities/1/docs/0/url |
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=COMPARL&mode=XML&language=EN&reference=PE524.877
|
activities/1 |
|
activities/0/committees/1/date |
2013-11-08T00:00:00
|
activities/0/committees/1/rapporteur |
|
committees/1/date |
2013-11-08T00:00:00
|
committees/1/rapporteur |
|
activities/1/date |
Old
2013-12-09T00:00:00New
2014-03-12T00:00:00 |
activities/0/committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
activities/0/committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
activities/0/committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
activities |
|
committees |
|
links |
|
other |
|
procedure |
|