Next event: Commission response to text adopted in plenary 2017/01/23 more...
- Results of vote in Parliament 2016/07/05
- Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading 2016/07/05
- End of procedure in Parliament 2016/07/05
- Debate in Parliament 2016/07/04
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading 2016/06/27
- Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading 2016/06/16
- Committee opinion 2016/04/13
- Committee opinion 2016/03/21
- Amendments tabled in committee 2016/03/15
- Committee draft report 2016/02/03
- Committee opinion 2015/12/04
- Committee opinion 2015/11/12
Progress: Procedure completed
Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
---|---|---|---|
Lead | INTA | FORENZA Eleonora ( GUE/NGL) | SAÏFI Tokia ( PPE), KIRTON-DARLING Jude ( S&D), ZAHRADIL Jan ( ECR), DE SARNEZ Marielle ( ALDE), KELLER Ska ( Verts/ALE), BEGHIN Tiziana ( EFDD) |
Committee Opinion | FEMM | Inés AYALA SENDER ( S&D) | |
Committee Opinion | DEVE | SÁNCHEZ CALDENTEY Lola ( GUE/NGL) | Nirj DEVA ( ECR), Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ ( S&D) |
Committee Opinion | EMPL | BEGHIN Tiziana ( EFDD) | Elena GENTILE ( S&D), Arne GERICKE ( ECR), Paloma LÓPEZ BERMEJO ( GUE/NGL), Dominique MARTIN ( ENF), Tamás MESZERICS ( Verts/ALE), Sofia RIBEIRO ( PPE), Renate WEBER ( ALDE) |
Committee Opinion | AFET | BJÖRK Malin ( GUE/NGL) | Beatriz BECERRA BASTERRECHEA ( ALDE), Hans-Olaf HENKEL ( ECR), Jean-Luc SCHAFFHAUSER ( ENF) |
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Events
The European Parliament adopted by 556 votes to 103, with 53 abstentions, a resolution on the implementation of the 2010 recommendations of Parliament on social and environmental standards, human rights and corporate responsibility.
Members recalled that Parliament acts as a co-legislator with respect to measures defining the framework for implementing the Union’s common commercial policy (CCP). Its consent is required for the ratification of every trade agreement negotiated by the Union. The implementation of Parliament’s recommendations is therefore necessary to ensure the success of any initiative undertaken by the Commission in the field of the CCP.
Parliament issued recommendations to the Commission relating to social and environmental standards, human rights and corporate responsibility in 2010. It noted that although a number of these recommendations have been implemented, others have not.
General principles : Parliament called on the Commission and Member States to:
incorporate a gender-mainstreaming approach into all their policies and to assess existing trade and investment agreements systematically in order to identify their consequences on gender equality; ensure greater coherence with respect to development, to ensure effective policy assessment and coordination between development aid and trade policy; promote binding measures to ensure that companies pay taxes where economic activities take place and value is created, to promote compulsory country-by-country reporting by the private sector as recommended by the OECD, and to promote good governance notably in tax matters and effective tax collection; ensure that this issue is given priority on the agenda in its policy dialogue (at political level on development and on trade) and to support the role of civil society in ensuring public scrutiny of tax governance and monitoring of cases concerning tax fraud.
Parliament recommended that the EU’s trade strategy be a tool for the promotion of democratic values in third countries . It welcomed the enhancement of trade agreements and trade preference programmes as levers to promote human rights, eliminate forced and child labour, and ensure food security and the rights to health, sustainable development and high safety and environmental standards, as well as economic opportunities for all.
The Commission should take a leading role in the reform of WTO governance , in particular with respect to putting in place a regular dialogue between the WTO and the relevant UN agencies, notably the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN Conference for Trade and Development and the International Labour Organisation, in particular by granting the ILO observer status in the WTO.
Parliament called on the Commission to actively promote further reforms of the WTO in order to define multilateral rules for the sustainable management of global supply chains in a responsible way, which should in particular include:
effective and enforceable supply chain due diligence and transparency requirements, building from the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights, health and safety standards, recognising in particular the right of workers to safety committees, a social protection floor, respect for ILO core labour standards.
Member States are called upon to step up their efforts to honour their commitment to phase out subsidies for fossil fuels in line with the G20 commitment. Members called for the development of quantitative or qualitative criteria to identify 'green goods' and for due account to be taken of factors influencing trade in these goods.
At bilateral level : while welcoming the Commission’s decision to carry out ex ante and ex post sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) for all trade agreements, Members called on the Commission to:
apply the guidelines in developing SIAs for all current and future negotiations; take into account the impact of trade and investment agreements on particularly vulnerable people such as those who belong to a minority group, or are geographically isolated, poor or socially excluded; ensure proper involvement of civil society organisations and social partners in the development of SIAs and to involve Parliament at every stage in this process.
Parliament reiterated its support for human rights conditionality in trade agreements and recalled the importance of respecting and implementing human rights clauses. It suggested:
considering the inclusion of a committee for human rights in all EU trade agreements in order to ensure serious and systematic follow-up on human rights issues in relation to the agreement;
putting in place sustainable development forums or advisory groups at the various stages of drafting, negotiating and implementing an agreement; involving Parliament more closely in the process of monitoring the implementation of trade and investment agreements with regard to compliance with human rights and social and environmental standards. The Council should consult Parliament on any decisions to revise or even suspend the application of an agreement if this is necessary.
At unilateral level : Parliament welcomed the entry into force of the new Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) (Regulation (EU) No 978/2012) on 1 January 2014 and the publication of the first GSP monitoring report for the period 2014-2015. It:
reiterated its request from 2010 for a balanced and realistic proposal for legislation, including measures such as labelling child-labour-free products, trade preferences given to countries that meet certain labour standards and horizontal import prohibitions for products made using child labour; stressed the importance of including the objective of combating forced labour and child labour in Trade and Sustainable Development chapters of EU trade agreements; confirmed its opposition to any direct or indirect provision affecting trade in energy-related services that would allow for technological neutrality of subsidies.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) : Parliament recalled its request to include CSR in all EU trade agreements and provisions for greater enforcement, notably the possibility for the Commission to carry out investigations into alleged breaches of CSR commitments and the development of EU contact points building on and strengthening the OECD contact points.
The Commission is called upon to ensure transparency with regard to access to information on the conduct of enterprises and to introduce an effective and enforceable reporting system which provides information on product value chains. CSR dialogue platforms should be created to bring together civil society, businesses, international organisations and other stakeholders.
Recalling that the EU is the world’s leading actor in terms of National Action Plans for CSR, Members called on the Commission to:
actively promote responsible business conduct amongst EU companies operating abroad; take measures involving the award of labels, the granting of preferential access to EU public contracts and the implementation of SME support programmes that will encourage and reward companies introducing CSR strategies.
Lastly, Members stressed that the effective implementation of these recommendations constitutes a crucial element in Parliament’s assessment of trade agreements negotiated by the Commission. They requested a detailed and timely response from the Commission to all the items raised in this resolution.
The Committee on International Trade adopted the own-initiative report by Eleonora FORENZA (Greens/EFA, IT) on the implementation of the 2010 recommendations of Parliament on social and environmental standards, human rights and corporate responsibility.
Parliament acts as a co-legislator with respect to measures defining the framework for implementing the Union’s common commercial policy (CCP). Its consent is required for the ratification of every trade agreement negotiated by the Union. The implementation of Parliament’s recommendations is therefore necessary to ensure the success of any initiative undertaken by the Commission in the field of the CCP.
The report recalled that Parliament issued recommendations to the Commission relating to social and environmental standards, human rights and corporate responsibility in 2010. It noted that although a number of these recommendations have been implemented, others have not.
General principles : the report called on:
the Commission and Member States to incorporate a gender-mainstreaming approach into all their policies and to assess existing trade and investment agreements systematically in order to identify their consequences on gender equality; the Commission to ensure greater coherence with respect to development, to ensure effective policy assessment and coordination between development aid and trade policy; the EU and the Member States to promote binding measures to ensure that companies pay taxes where economic activities take place and value is created, to promote compulsory country-by-country reporting by the private sector as recommended by the OECD, and to promote good governance notably in tax matters and effective tax collection; the Commission and Member States to ensure that this issue is given priority on the agenda in its policy dialogue (at political level on development and on trade) and to support the role of civil society in ensuring public scrutiny of tax governance and monitoring of cases concerning tax fraud.
The report recommended that the EU’s trade strategy be a tool for the promotion of democratic values in third countries . Members welcomed the enhancement of trade agreements and trade preference programmes as levers to promote human rights, eliminate forced and child labour, and ensure food security and the rights to health, sustainable development and high safety and environmental standards, as well as economic opportunities for all.
Human rights, environmental and social standards at multilateral level : stressing how important it is for the EU to build cooperation at multilateral level, Members reiterated their call to the Commission to take a leading role in the reform of WTO governance, in particular with respect to achieving the following objectives: (i) to strengthen effective cooperation and regular dialogue between the WTO and the relevant UN agencies; (ii) to reform WTO trade policy review mechanisms to include the social, environmental and HR dimensions.
Member States are called upon to step up their efforts to honour their commitment to phase out subsidies for fossil fuels in line with the G20 commitment. Members called for the development of quantitative or qualitative criteria to identify 'green goods' and for due account to be taken of factors influencing trade in these goods.
Human rights, environmental and social standards at bilateral level : while welcoming the Commission’s decision to carry out ex ante and ex post sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) for all trade agreements, Members called on the Commission to:
apply the guidelines in developing SIAs for all current and future negotiations; take into account the impact of trade and investment agreements on particularly vulnerable people such as those who belong to a minority group, or are geographically isolated, poor or socially excluded; set up a reporting system that enables Parliament to assess the work of the Domestic Advisory Groups (DAGs); respond systematically in a concrete manner to concerns raised by EU DAGs and to follow up on initiatives proposed by EU SCOs and social partners in this framework; involve Parliament more closely in the process of monitoring the implementation of trade and investment agreements with regard to compliance with human rights and social and environmental standards. The Council should consult Parliament on any decisions to revise or even suspend the application of an agreement if this is necessary.
Human rights, environmental and social standards at unilateral level : Members welcomed the entry into force of the new Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) (Regulation (EU) No 978/2012) on 1 January 2014 and the publication of the first GSP monitoring report for the period 2014-2015. They stated that trade policy must be a way to encourage the EU’s partner countries to adopt higher social and environmental standards and therefore called on the Commission to implement specific corrective measures.
Members reiterated their request from 2010 for a balanced and realistic proposal for legislation, including measures such as labelling child-labour-free products, trade preferences given to countries that meet certain labour standards and horizontal import prohibitions for products made using child labour.
They stressed the importance of including the objective of combating forced labour and child labour in TSD chapters of EU trade agreements. They confirmed their opposition to any direct or indirect provision affecting trade in energy-related services that would allow for technological neutrality of subsidies.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) : Members recalled Parliament’s request from 2010 to include CSR in all EU trade agreements and provisions for greater enforcement, notably the possibility for the Commission to carry out investigations into alleged breaches of CSR commitments and the development of EU contact points building on and strengthening the OECD contact points.
The Commission is called upon to ensure transparency with regard to access to information on the conduct of enterprises and to introduce an effective and enforceable reporting system which provides information on product value chains.
CSR dialogue platforms should be created to bring together civil society, businesses, international organisations and other stakeholders.
Recalling that the EU is the world’s leading actor in terms of National Action Plans for CSR, Members called on the Commission to actively promote responsible business conduct amongst EU companies operating abroad, with a special focus on ensuring strict compliance with all their legal obligations stemming from either domestic laws or any bilateral or international legal obligations that their business operations are subject to therein – not least compliance with international standards and rules in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment.
The Commission is called upon to take trade and investment measures involving the award of labels, the granting of preferential access to EU public contracts and the implementation of SME support programmes that will encourage and reward companies introducing CSR strategies.
Lastly, Members stressed that the effective implementation of these recommendations constitutes a crucial element in Parliament’s assessment of trade agreements negotiated by the Commission. They requested a detailed and timely response from the Commission to all the items raised in this resolution.
Documents
- Commission response to text adopted in plenary: SP(2016)694
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading: T8-0298/2016
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A8-0217/2016
- Committee opinion: PE571.491
- Committee opinion: PE571.682
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE578.694
- Committee draft report: PE575.363
- Committee opinion: PE567.806
- Committee opinion: PE565.062
- Committee opinion: PE565.062
- Committee opinion: PE567.806
- Committee draft report: PE575.363
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE578.694
- Committee opinion: PE571.682
- Committee opinion: PE571.491
- Commission response to text adopted in plenary: SP(2016)694
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Amendments | Dossier |
32 |
2015/2038(INI)
2015/09/23
DEVE
32 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Calls on the Commission to respect the principle of Policy Coherence for Development in all external policies and specifically
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the EU to recognise the common but differentiated responsibility of developing countries, while ensuring equity when addressing the post-2015 Development Agenda; recalls the EU
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the EU to recognise the common but differentiated responsibility of developing countries, while ensuring equity when addressing the post-2015 Development Agenda; recalls the EU’s
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the EU to recognise the common but differentiated responsibility of developing countries, while ensuring equity when addressing the post-2015 Development Agenda and determining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; recalls the EU’s direct and historical responsibility in its dealings with partner countries, particularly as regards tax, trade and investment;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls that corporate social responsibility is a concept whereby companies voluntarily incorporate social and environmental concerns into their business strategy for the overall wellbeing of stakeholders;
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls that the implementation of the Decent Work Agenda (based on ILO Conventions and recommendations) constitutes an essential part of sustainable development strategies that can be applied by business enterprises; in this context, stresses that social dialogue is a key criteria for business accountability;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Notes that the CSR agenda must be adapted to the specific needs of regions and of each specific country in order to contribute to improving sustainable economic and social development;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Encourages the promotion of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, however recalls that those principles may not be read as binding international law; further insists that it is primarily the responsibility of the states to guarantee the respect and promotion of human rights;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Finds regrettable the significant lack of adequate information and transparency as regards the actions of corporations and their impact on social and environmental standards and human rights; calls for an effective increase in the transparency of corporations and for independent ex-ante impact analysis prior to the signing of any trade agreement; calls for a new monitoring and enforcement mechanism to ensure corporations comply with social, environmental and human rights standards;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Calls on the Commission to respect the principle of Policy Coherence for Development in all external policies and specifically to include it in all treaties, in ways consistent with agreed international commitments to human rights, decent work, gender equality and environmental sustainability;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Finds regrettable the significant lack of adequate information and transparency as regards the actions of corporations and their impact on social and environmental standards and human rights; calls for an effective increase in the transparency of corporations and for independent ex-ante impact analysis prior to the signing of any
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Finds regrettable the significant lack of adequate information and transparency as regards the actions of corporations and their impact on social and environmental standards and human rights; calls for an effective increase in the transparency of corporations and for independent ex-ante impact analysis prior to the signing of any trade agreement; calls for efforts to be stepped up to make corporate social responsibility more widespread and ensure it is actually implemented;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recalls that the integration of a human right-based approach should be at the heart of the EU development policy; henceforth, reiterates that at a time when the use of blending as a EU development tool is growing, adherence and implementation of internationally recognised guidelines and principles concerning business behaviour and their accountability instruments (namely the ILO Conventions and standards, including the ILO Declaration on Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the UN Global Compact and the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights) should become key condition to grant private sector support in development cooperation;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Deplores that despite the unanimous endorsement of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights by the Human Right Council in 2011, the number of human rights abuses linked to business activity continues to grow;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Calls on to the Commission to conduct a report on the state of implementation on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it regrettable that a regulatory framework on the way corporations comply with human rights and obligations with respect to social and environmental standards is still lacking, which allow certain States and companies to circumvent them with impunity; finds it regrettable that current human rights clauses in free trade agreements and other economic partnership agreements are ineffective and are usually not respected; urges the Commission to further promote binding initiatives for responsible mining, logging and sourcing of commodities
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it regrettable that a regulatory framework on the way corporations comply with human rights and obligations with respect to social and environmental standards is still lacking;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls for the EU to follow UNCTAD´s Comprehensive Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development recommendations to ensure responsible transparent and accountable investments to not undermine social and environmental standards, human rights, development and people´s dignity, while guarantee respect of human rights, gender equality, decent work, union rights, environmental protection, social protection, universal access to quality goods and public services (paying particular attention to public and universal health coverage), social protection, universal access to medicines, and food and product safety;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Stress that EU trade and investment policies are interlink with social protection, development, human rights and environment policies; Calls on the Commission to respect the principle of Policy Coherence for Development in all external policies and specifically to include it in all treaties and develop legally binding mechanisms to ensure it;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Considering that there has been little progress in the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles, and in a context where existing standards, principles, and mechanisms for redress on business and human rights are fragmented in international law, calls for the EU to engage actively in the work of the UN
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU to engage actively in the work of the UN’s Human Rights Council
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU and Member States to engage actively in the work of the UN’s Human Rights Council on an international treaty to hold transnational corporations accountable for human rights abuses.
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development, which confirms the right to development as an inalienable
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development, which confirms the right to development as an inalienable human right; calls on the EU to respect the sovereignty of developing countries in setting policies aimed at responding to the demands of their populations for human rights and dignity, in line with the development principle of democratic ownership, as embedded in the development effectiveness agenda;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development, which confirms the right to development as an inalienable human right; calls on the EU to respect the sovereignty of developing countries in setting policies aimed at responding to the demands of their populations, for
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Recalls the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development, which confirms the right to development as an inalienable human right;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on the European Union and its Member States to promote binding measures to ensure that multinational corporations pay taxes in the countries in which their profits are generated and to promote compulsory country-by-country reporting by the private sector, thus enhancing domestic resource mobilisation capacities of countries;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the EU to
source: 567.768
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committees/0 |
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committees/0 |
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committees/1 |
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committees/1 |
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committees/2 |
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committees/2 |
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committees/3 |
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committees/3 |
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committees/4 |
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committees/4 |
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docs |
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events |
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links |
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other |
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procedure/dossier_of_the_committee |
Old
INTA/8/01660New
|
procedure/legal_basis/0 |
Rules of Procedure EP 54
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procedure/legal_basis/0 |
Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament EP 052
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procedure/subject |
Old
New
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procedure/subtype |
Old
InitiativeNew
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procedure/summary |
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activities/3/docs |
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activities/3/type |
Old
Debate in plenary scheduledNew
Debate in Parliament |
activities/4/docs |
|
activities/4/type |
Old
Vote in plenary scheduledNew
Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading |
procedure/stage_reached |
Old
Awaiting Parliament 1st reading / single reading / budget 1st stageNew
Procedure completed |
activities/2/docs/0/text |
|
activities/2/docs |
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activities/2 |
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procedure/stage_reached |
Old
Awaiting committee decisionNew
Awaiting Parliament 1st reading / single reading / budget 1st stage |
activities/2/type |
Old
Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single readingNew
Debate in plenary scheduled |
activities/3 |
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activities/1/committees |
|
activities/1/type |
Old
Vote scheduled in committee, 1st reading/single readingNew
Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-06-15T00:00:00New
2016-06-16T00:00:00 |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-05-24T00:00:00New
2016-06-15T00:00:00 |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-05-23T00:00:00New
2016-05-24T00:00:00 |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-05-24T00:00:00New
2016-05-23T00:00:00 |
activities/2/date |
Old
2016-05-26T00:00:00New
2016-07-04T00:00:00 |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-04-21T00:00:00New
2016-05-24T00:00:00 |
activities/1 |
|
activities/2/date |
Old
2016-04-11T00:00:00New
2016-05-26T00:00:00 |
activities/0/committees/4/shadows/3 |
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committees/4/shadows/3 |
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activities/1/date |
Old
2016-03-07T00:00:00New
2016-04-11T00:00:00 |
activities/1/date |
Old
2016-01-19T00:00:00New
2016-03-07T00:00:00 |
activities/0/committees/3/date |
2015-09-08T00:00:00
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activities/0/committees/3/rapporteur |
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activities/0/committees/4/shadows/3 |
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activities/0/committees/4/shadows/4 |
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committees/3/date |
2015-09-08T00:00:00
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committees/3/rapporteur |
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committees/4/shadows/3 |
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committees/4/shadows/4 |
|
activities/1 |
|
activities/0/committees/1/date |
2015-05-20T00:00:00
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activities/0/committees/1/rapporteur |
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committees/1/date |
2015-05-20T00:00:00
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committees/1/rapporteur |
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activities/0/committees/4/shadows/0 |
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activities/0/committees/4/shadows/2 |
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committees/4/shadows/0 |
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committees/4/shadows/2 |
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activities/0/committees/2/date |
2015-04-22T00:00:00
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activities/0/committees/2/rapporteur |
|
committees/2/date |
2015-04-22T00:00:00
|
committees/2/rapporteur |
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activities/0/committees/4/date |
2014-10-07T00:00:00
|
activities/0/committees/4/rapporteur |
|
committees/4/date |
2014-10-07T00:00:00
|
committees/4/rapporteur |
|
activities/0/committees/0/date |
2015-01-22T00:00:00
|
activities/0/committees/0/rapporteur |
|
committees/0/date |
2015-01-22T00:00:00
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committees/0/rapporteur |
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other/0 |
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activities/0/committees/4/shadows |
|
committees/4/shadows |
|
activities |
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committees |
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links |
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other |
|
procedure |
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